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Lukhele BS, Bassey K, Witika BA. The Utilization of Plant-Material-Loaded Vesicular Drug Delivery Systems in the Management of Pulmonary Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9985-10017. [PMID: 38132470 PMCID: PMC10742082 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been utilized to treat a variety of conditions on account of the bioactive properties that they contain. Most bioactive constituents from plants are of limited effectiveness, due to poor solubility, limited permeability, first-pass metabolism, efflux transporters, chemical instability, and food-drug interactions However, when combined with vesicular drug delivery systems (VDDS), herbal medicines can be delivered at a predetermined rate and can exhibit site-specific action. Vesicular drug delivery systems are novel pharmaceutical formulations that make use of vesicles as a means of encapsulating and transporting drugs to various locations within the body; they are a cutting-edge method of medication delivery that combats the drawbacks of conventional drug delivery methods. Drug delivery systems offer promising strategies to overcome the bioavailability limitations of bioactive phytochemicals. By improving their solubility, protecting them from degradation, enabling targeted delivery, and facilitating controlled release, drug delivery systems can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of phytochemicals and unlock their full potential in various health conditions. This review explores and collates the application of plant-based VDDS with the potential to exhibit protective effects against lung function loss in the interest of innovative and effective treatment and management of respiratory illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kokoette Bassey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa;
| | - Bwalya Angel Witika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria 0204, South Africa;
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Gaudu N, Farr O, Ona-Nguema G, Duval S. Dissolved metal ions and mineral-liposome hybrid systems: Underlying interactions, synthesis, and characterization. Biochimie 2023; 215:100-112. [PMID: 37699473 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are versatile lipid-based vesicles with interesting physicochemical properties, making them excellent candidates for interdisciplinary applications in the medicinal, biological, and environmental sciences. The synthesis of mineral-liposome hybrid systems lends normally inert vesicles with the catalytic, magnetic, electrical, and optical properties of the integrated mineral species. Such applications require an understanding of the physicochemical interactions between organic molecules and inorganic crystal structures. This review provides an overview on these interactions and details on synthesis and characterization methods for these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nil Gaudu
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines (BIP), Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7281 IMM-CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13400, Marseille, France.
| | - Orion Farr
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines (BIP), Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7281 IMM-CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13400, Marseille, France; Centre Interdisciplinaire des Nanosciences de Marseille (CINaM), Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7325 CNRS, Campus de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Georges Ona-Nguema
- Sorbonne Université - CNRS UMR 7590 - Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle - IRD UMR 206, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Campus Pierre & Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Simon Duval
- Laboratoire de Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines (BIP), Aix-Marseille Université, UMR 7281 IMM-CNRS, 31 Chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13400, Marseille, France
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3
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Kumar D, Suna A, Ray D, Aswal VK, Bahadur P, Tiwari S. Structural Changes in Liposomal Vesicles in Association with Sodium Taurodeoxycholate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:95. [PMID: 37012522 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes composed of soy lecithin (SL) have been studied widely for drug delivery applications. The stability and elasticity of liposomal vesicles are improved by incorporating additives, including edge activators. In this study, we report the effect of sodium taurodeoxycholate (STDC, a bile salt) upon the microstructural characteristics of SL vesicles. Liposomes, prepared by the thin film hydration method, were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), electron microscopy, and rheological techniques. We noticed a reduction in the size of vesicles with the incremental addition of STDC. Initial changes in the size of spherical vesicles were ascribed to the edge-activating action of STDC (0.05 to 0.17 µM). At higher concentrations (0.23 to 0.27 µM), these vesicles transformed into cylindrical structures. Morphological transitions at higher STDC concentrations would have occurred due to its hydrophobic interaction with SL molecules in the bilayer. This was ascertained from nuclear magnetic resonance observations. Whereas shape transitions underscored the deformability of vesicles in the presence of STDC, the consistency of bilayer thickness ruled out any dissociative effect. It was interesting to notice that SL-STDC mixed structures could survive high thermal stress, electrolyte addition, and dilution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Abhishek Suna
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Debes Ray
- Solid State Physical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Vinod K Aswal
- Solid State Physical Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Pratap Bahadur
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India
| | - Sanjay Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Lucknow, 226002, India.
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Zhao R, Wang H, Du H, Yang Y, Gao Z, Qie L, Huang Y. Lanthanum nitrate as aqueous electrolyte additive for favourable zinc metal electrodeposition. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3252. [PMID: 35668132 PMCID: PMC9170708 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30939-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aqueous zinc batteries are appealing devices for cost-effective and environmentally sustainable energy storage. However, the zinc metal deposition at the anode strongly influences the battery cycle life and performance. To circumvent this issue, here we propose the use of lanthanum nitrate (La(NO3)3) as supporting salt for aqueous zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) electrolyte solutions. Via physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations, we demonstrate that this peculiar electrolyte formulation weakens the electric double layer repulsive force, thus, favouring dense metallic zinc deposits and regulating the charge distribution at the zinc metal|electrolyte interface. When tested in Zn||VS2 full coin cell configuration (with cathode mass loading of 16 mg cm-2), the electrolyte solution containing the lanthanum ions enables almost 1000 cycles at 1 A g-1 (after 5 activation cycles at 0.05 A g-1) with a stable discharge capacity of about 90 mAh g-1 and an average cell discharge voltage of ∼0.54 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhao
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Haoran Du
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Zhonghui Gao
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Long Qie
- Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430074, China.
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430074, China.
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Barani M, Sangiovanni E, Angarano M, Rajizadeh MA, Mehrabani M, Piazza S, Gangadharappa HV, Pardakhty A, Mehrbani M, Dell’Agli M, Nematollahi MH. Phytosomes as Innovative Delivery Systems for Phytochemicals: A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6983-7022. [PMID: 34703224 PMCID: PMC8527653 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s318416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, medicinal herbs and their phytochemicals have emerged as a great therapeutic option for many disorders. However, poor bioavailability and selectivity might limit their clinical application. Therefore, bioavailability is considered a notable challenge to improve bio-efficacy in transporting dietary phytochemicals. Different methods have been proposed for generating effective carrier systems to enhance the bioavailability of phytochemicals. Among them, nano-vesicles have been introduced as promising candidates for the delivery of insoluble phytochemicals. Due to the easy preparation of the bilayer vesicles and their adaptability, they have been widely used and approved by the scientific literature. The first part of the review is focused on introducing phytosome technology as well as its applications, with emphasis on principles of formulations and characterization. The second part provides a wide overview of biological activities of commercial and non-commercial phytosomes, divided by systems and related pathologies. These results confirm the greater effectiveness of phytosomes, both in terms of biological activity or reduced dosage, highlighting curcumin and silymarin as the most formulated compounds. Finally, we describe the promising clinical and experimental findings regarding the applications of phytosomes. The conclusion of this study encourages the researchers to transfer their knowledge from laboratories to market, for a further development of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Barani
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 76169-13555, Iran
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Marco Angarano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | | | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | | | - Abbas Pardakhty
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Mehrbani
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Liu Z, Liao T, Yang N, Ding L, Li X, Wu P, Wang P. Interventional Efects of the Topical of "Sanse Powder" Essential Oils Nanoemulsion on Knee Osteoarthritis in Rats by Targeting the ERS/TXNIP/NLRP3 Signaling Axis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:739644. [PMID: 34539417 PMCID: PMC8443772 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.739644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Our recent research is dedicated to finding effective drugs for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) from traditional Chinese medicine and trying to make full use of modern science and technology to uncover the mechanisms and targets behind them. Synovial inflammation is one of the key pathological features of KOA, and a growing number of researchers realize that early intervention of synovial inflammation may be able to reverse disease progression. The close association of traditional natural products with modern nanotechnology may be important for improving the anti-synovitis efficacy. The purpose of our research was to explore the anti-synovitis mechanism of NEs-SP-EO that might be associated with the ERS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signalling axis. Methods: Chemical composition of "Sanse Powder" essential oil (SP-EO) and NEs-SP-EO were analyzed by GC-MS. NEs-SP-EO were prepared and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and transmission electronic microscopy. The CCK8 assay for cell viability of NEs-SP-EO was performed on fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLSs) and the inflammatory environment was stimulated by LPS to explore the therapeutic mechanisms in vitro. Experiments of NEs-SP-EO in vivo were performed in male SD rats. Results: The GC-MS results showed that 30 compounds were present in SP-EO and 11 components of NEs-SP-EO were identified. The results also showed that the formulation of NEs-SP-EO exhibited suitable particle size, negative charge, and stable system. In vitro and vivo testing, NEs-SP-EO produced anti-synovitis efficacy by reduced the induction of the ERS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling axis as well as regulating the overproduction of IL-1β, IL-18. Conclusion: We have developed a new type of essential oil nanoemulsion from "Sanse Powder" and demonstrated that it can managing synovitis of KOA. Besides, we have initially explored the anti-inflammatory mechanism that may be related to the ERS/TXNIP/NLRP3 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiu Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Taiyang Liao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peimin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Gaspar de Toledo L, Dos Santos Ramos MA, Bento da Silva P, Rodero CF, de Sá Gomes V, Noronha da Silva A, Pavan FR, da Silva IC, Bombarda Oda F, Flumignan DL, Gonzaga Dos Santos A, Chorilli M, Gottardo de Almeida MT, Bauab TM. Improved in vitro and in vivo Anti- Candida albicans Activity of Cymbopogon nardus Essential Oil by Its Incorporation into a Microemulsion System. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:10481-10497. [PMID: 33402821 PMCID: PMC7778679 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s275258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an opportunistic fungal infection that adversely affects a woman's health, due to unpleasant symptoms, therapeutic challenges, and the emergence of resistant strains. The association of natural products and nanotechnology is important to improve the antifungal potential of medicinal plants. We aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-Candida albicans activity of unloaded (EO) and loaded (ME+EO) essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus in the microemulsion (ME). Methods The chemical analysis of the EO was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The ME and ME+EO were characterized by scattering, zeta potential, polarized light microscopy, rheological assays, mucoadhesiveness and transmission electronic microscopy. The in vitro antifungal activity of the EO and ME+EO were evaluated by microdilution technique. The toxicity of EO and ME+EO was analyzed on human cell line HaCat and using alternative model assay with Artemia salina. The experimental in vivo VVC was performed in female mice (C57BL/6). Results The main compounds of the EO were found to be citronellal, geranial, geraniol, citronellol, and neral. The formulations exhibited suitable size, homogeneity, negative charge, isotropic behavior, highly organized structure, and pseudoplastic behavior, for vaginal application. TEM photomicrographs showed possible EO droplets inside the spherical structures. The EO, when loaded into the ME, exhibited an improvement in its antifungal action against C. albicans. The EO was not toxic against brine shrimp nauplii. An in vivo VVC assay showed that the use of the ME significantly improved the action of the EO, since only the ME+EO promoted the eradication of the fungal vaginal infection on the third day of treatment. Conclusion The EO and ME+EO are promising alternatives for the control of fungal infections caused by C. albicans, once the use of nanotechnology significantly improved the antifungal action of the EO, especially in an in vivo model of VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciani Gaspar de Toledo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, University of Brasília (UnB), Institute of Biological Sciences, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernanda Rodero
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drug and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veridiana de Sá Gomes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Noronha da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristiane da Silva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bombarda Oda
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Luis Flumignan
- São Paulo Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Gonzaga Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Natural Active Principles and Toxicology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drug and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Taís Maria Bauab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Theoretical Considerations and the Microelectrophoresis Experiment on the Influence of Selected Chaotropic Anions on Phosphatidylcholine Membrane Surface Charge Density. Molecules 2019; 25:molecules25010132. [PMID: 31905730 PMCID: PMC6982888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influence of sodium salts of selected chaotropic anions from the Hofmeister series (NaCl, NaBr, NaNO3, NaI) on the surface charge density of phosphatidylcholine membranes was studied. Small unilamellar lipid vesicles were used as a model system in the investigations. The theoretical and experimental approach to the interactions between inorganic anions and phosphatidylcholine membranes is presented. Experimental membrane surface charge densities data were determined as a function of pH of the aqueous electrolytes using microelectrophoresis method. The quantitative description of the interactions between zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine membrane and monovalent anions is presented. The equilibria constants of the binding of solution ions onto phospholipid surface were calculated. Knowledge of these parameters was essential to determine the theoretical membrane surface charge density values. The theoretical data were compared to the experimental ones in order to verify the mathematical model. Both approaches indicate that the anion-phosphatidylcholine membrane interaction increases with the size of the anion. The adsorption of chaotropic anions to membranes was found to follow the Hofmeister series I- > NO3- > Br- > Cl-.
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Liu Y, Liu J. Growing a Nucleotide/Lanthanide Coordination Polymer Shell on Liposomes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:11217-11224. [PMID: 31379173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coating liposomes with a shell is a useful strategy to increase membrane stability and prevent leakage or fusion. Nucleotide/lanthanide coordination nanoparticles (NPs) are formed by a simple mixing at ambient conditions. Because some lipid headgroups contain lanthanide binding ligands, they may direct the growth of such coordination NPs. Herein, a gadolinium/adenosine monophosphate (Gd3+/AMP) shell was formed on liposomes (liposome@Gd3+/AMP) using lipids containing phosphoserine (PS) or cholinephosphate (CP) headgroups, while phosphocholine liposomes did not support the shell. Liposome binding Gd3+ is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The negatively charged CP and PS liposomes reversed to positive upon Gd3+ binding, while other metals such as Ca2+ and Zn2+ did not reverse the charge. Binding of Gd3+ did not leak the PS liposomes. Then, AMP was further added to cross-link Gd3+ on the liposome surface. A shell was formed as indicated by TEM, and the content inside the liposome remained for the PS liposomes. While adding Triton X-100 still induced leakage of the encapsulated liposomes, the shell protected the liposomes from leakage induced by ZnO NPs, suggesting a porous structure of the Gd3+/AMP shell which allowed penetration of Triton X-100 but not the larger ZnO NPs. This work provides a simple method to coat liposomes, and also offers a fundamental understanding of liposome adsorption of lanthanide ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario N2L 3G1 , Canada
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