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Efficacy of Rubus coreanus Miq. and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge Extract for Postmenopausal Syndrome: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo Comparative Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4066054. [PMID: 35251207 PMCID: PMC8890844 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4066054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The most effective way to improve menopausal symptoms is to supplement deficient oestrogen; however, long-term administration of synthetic oestrogen increases the risk for breast and uterine cancers. Here, we report results from a clinical trial of Rubus coreanus Miq. and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge as agents for improving the menopause syndrome. Methods This study was a single-centre, double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study. The efficacy of an extract of R. coreanus Miq. and A. membranaceus Bunge was investigated. Participants were females with postmenopausal syndrome in the menopausal or menopausal transition period. The primary endpoint of validation was improvement in the Kupperman index (KI) score of women. The secondary end point was change in the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and lipid profile. The participants were randomly allocated at a 1 : 1 ratio into R. coreanus Miq. and A. membranaceus Bunge extract (RCAM) or placebo groups and were administered 2000 mg of the extract or placebo, respectively, daily for 12 weeks. Outcomes were measured at visits 2 (day 0) and 5 (week 12). Results The RCAM group demonstrated decreased KI score and MRS compared with the placebo group after 12 weeks. In the safety evaluation, laboratory tests and vital signs demonstrated no clinically significant changes in subjects, and there was no difference in adverse reactions between the groups. The R. coreanus Miq. and A. membranaceus Bunge extract was effective in reducing postmenopausal symptoms in women. Moreover, the extract was found to be safe. Conclusions For females with menopausal symptoms in the menopausal transitional and postmenopausal periods, ingestion of the R. coreanus Miq. and A. membranaceus Bunge extract for 12 weeks was effective, as demonstrated by a decrease in KI score and MRS relative to that in the placebo group, and significantly improved the menopausal symptoms.
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Abdul Rahim R, Jayusman PA, Lim V, Ahmad NH, Abdul Hamid ZA, Mohamed S, Muhammad N, Ahmad F, Mokhtar N, Mohamed N, Shuid AN, Naina Mohamed I. Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Bone Anabolic Effects of Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:796509. [PMID: 35111063 PMCID: PMC8802550 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.796509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson [Asteraceae] (B. acmella) is an important medicinal plant native to Brazil, and it is widely known as a toothache plant. A plethora of studies have demonstrated the antioxidant activities of B. acmella and few studies on the stimulatory effects on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) secretion from bone cells; however, there is no study on its antioxidant and anabolic activity on bone cells. The study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical contents of aqueous and ethanol extracts of B. acmella using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) and liquid chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry (LCTOFMS) along with the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum colorimetric methods. The extracts of B. acmella leaves were used to scavenge synthetic-free radicals such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The bone anabolic effects of B. acmella extracts on MC3T3-E1 cells were measured with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoium bromide (MTT) at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, Sirius-red and ALP at 7 and 14 days, and Alizarin Red S at 14 and 21 days. Comparatively, ethanol extract of B. acmella (BaE) contributed higher antioxidant activities (IC50 of 476.71 µg/ml and 56.01 ± 6.46 mg L-ascorbic acid/g against DPPH and FRAP, respectively). Anabolic activities in bone proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization were also higher in B. acmella of ethanol (BaE) than aqueous (BaA) extracts. Positive correlations were observed between phenolic content (TPC and TFC) to antioxidant (ABTS and FRAP) and anabolic activities. Conversely, negative correlations were present between phenolic content to antioxidant (DPPH) activity. These potential antioxidant and bone anabolic activities in BaE might be due to the phytochemicals confirmed through GCMS and LCTOFMS, revealed that terpenoids of α-cubebene, cryophyllene, cryophyllene oxide, phytol and flavonoids of pinostrobin and apigenin were the compounds contributing to both antioxidant and anabolic effects in BaE. Thus, B. acmella may be a valuable antioxidant and anti-osteoporosis agent. Further study is needed to isolate, characterize and elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the antioxidant and bone anabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohanizah Abdul Rahim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Putri Ayu Jayusman
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hazwani Ahmad
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sharlina Mohamed
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Muhammad
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norfilza Mokhtar
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kim TH, Jeong CG, Son HU, Huh MI, Kim SY, Kim HK, Lee SH. Ethanolic Extract of Rubus coreanus Fruits Inhibits Bone Marrow-Derived Osteoclast Differentiation and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Bone Loss. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701201228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of osteoclast differentiation/bone resorption is a well-known therapeutic strategy for controlling pathological and postmenopausal bone loss. Natural products that specifically inhibit osteoclastogenesis could therefore be developed as antiresorptive drugs for the treatment of metabolic bone disorders characterized by excessive osteoclastic bone resorption. We therefore examined the effects of Rubus coreanus extract (eeRc) on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced differentiation of bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) into osteoclasts and pit formation in vitro. Additionally, the in vivo effects of the eeRc were observed in mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone erosion. In this study, we found that the ethanolic extract of Rubus coreanus fruits considerably suppressed the RANKL-induced differentiation of primary BMMs into osteoclasts and bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. Oral administration of eeRc attenuated LPS-induced bone loss in vivo, as demonstrated by the reversal of LPS-induced reduction in bone volume per tissue volume, bone mineral density, and trabecular number to some extent in eeRc-treated mice. In addition, eeRc slightly decreased the serum levels of C-terminal telopeptide fragments of type I collagen, the collagen-breakdown product generated by osteoclasts. Collectively, our results indicate that eeRc has the potential to inhibit bone loss by blocking osteoclast differentiation and could therefore be a promising natural product for the prevention and/or treatment of inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ho Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Gyeong Jeong
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-U Son
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Il Huh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Yoon Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
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Lee MY, Kim HY, Singh D, Yeo SH, Baek SY, Park YK, Lee CH. Metabolite Profiling Reveals the Effect of Dietary Rubus coreanus Vinegar on Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis in a Rat Model. Molecules 2016; 21:149. [PMID: 26821009 PMCID: PMC6273122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed at exploring the curative effects of Rubus coreanus (RC) vinegar against postmenopausal osteoporosis by using ovariectomized rats as a model. The investigations were performed in five groups: sham, ovariectomized (OVX) rats without treatment, low-dose RC vinegar (LRV)-treated OVX rats, high-dose RC vinegar (HRV)-treated OVX rats and alendronate (ALEN)-treated OVX rats. The efficacy of RC vinegar was evaluated using physical, biochemical, histological and metabolomic parameters. Compared to the OVX rats, the LRV and HRV groups showed positive effects on the aforementioned parameters, indicating estrogen regulation. Plasma metabolome analysis of the groups using gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-TOF-MS (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) with multivariate analysis revealed 19 and 16 metabolites, respectively. Notably, the levels of butyric acid, phenylalanine, glucose, tryptophan and some lysophosphatidylcholines were marginally increased in RC vinegar-treated groups compared to OVX. However, the pattern of metabolite levels in RC vinegar-treated groups was found similar to ALEN, but differed significantly from that in sham group. The results highlight the prophylactic and curative potential of dietary vinegar against postmenopausal osteoporosis. RC vinegar could be an effective natural alternative for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Youn Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kon-Kuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Hyang Yeon Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kon-Kuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Digar Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kon-Kuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
| | - Soo Hwan Yeo
- Fermented Food Science Division, Department of Agro-food Resource, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do 565-851, Korea.
| | - Seong Yeol Baek
- Fermented Food Science Division, Department of Agro-food Resource, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do 565-851, Korea.
| | - Yoo Kyoung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 446-791, Korea.
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kon-Kuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea.
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Jung YJ, Choi MJ. Effects of Rubus coreanus-Cheonggukjang on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Mineral Content in Growing Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2015; 20:260-5. [PMID: 26770913 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2015.20.4.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the bone-conserving effects of Rubus coreanus-Cheonggukjang (RC-CGJ) supplemented with more intensified phytochemicals compared to general Cheonggukjang (CGJ) in growing rats. Eighteen rats were divided into 3 treatment groups (Control, CGJ, and RC-CGJ) and were given experimental diets for 9 weeks. All of the rats in this study were fed a AIN-93G-based diet. Both CGJ groups were fed with 33.1% CGJ and RC-CGJ powder, respectively. The results of this study indicate that weight gain, mean food intake, and food efficiency ratio were not significantly different by the experimental diets among all groups. Spine bone mineral density (BMD) and femur BMD were not significantly different by the experimental diets. Spine bone mineral content (BMC) was significantly higher in the RC-CGJ and CGJ groups than in the control group, regardless of CGJ type. The femur BMC of the CGJ supplemented group was significantly higher compared with the control group and the RC-CGJ group. Compared with the control group, spine BMD and femur BMD per weight were markedly increased in the RC-CGJ and CGJ group regardless of CGJ type. Also, spine BMC per weight was significantly higher in the RC-CGJ group than in the CGJ group. However, femur BMC per weight was significantly higher in the CGJ group than in the RC-CGJ group. It can be concluded that RC-CGJ and CGJ supplemented diets have more beneficial effects on spine and femur peak bone mass in growing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Jung Jung
- Deptartment of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Mi-Ja Choi
- Deptartment of Food and Nutrition, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
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Park E, Cho S, Lee JE, Lee SM, Kim Y, Go MS, Kim YJ, Jung IK, Auh JH, Choi HK, Kim JH. Effects of Korean black raspberry supplementation on oxidative stress and plasma antioxidant capacity in healthy male smokers. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Choi MJ, Choi BT, Shin HK, Shin BC, Han YK, Baek JU. Establishment of a comprehensive list of candidate antiaging medicinal herb used in korean medicine by text mining of the classical korean medical literature, "dongeuibogam," and preliminary evaluation of the antiaging effects of these herbs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:873185. [PMID: 25861371 PMCID: PMC4377522 DOI: 10.1155/2015/873185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The major objectives of this study were to provide a list of candidate antiaging medicinal herbs that have been widely utilized in Korean medicine and to organize preliminary data for the benefit of experimental and clinical researchers to develop new drug therapies by analyzing previous studies. "Dongeuibogam," a representative source of the Korean medicine literature, was selected to investigate candidate antiaging medicinal herbs and to identify appropriate terms that describe the specific antiaging effects that these herbs are predicted to elicit. In addition, we aimed to review previous studies that referenced the selected candidate antiaging medicinal herbs. From our chosen source, "Dongeuibogam," we were able to screen 102 terms describing antiaging effects, which were further classified into 11 subtypes. Ninety-seven candidate antiaging medicinal herbs were selected using the criterion that their antiaging effects were described using the same terms as those employed in "Dongeuibogam." These candidates were classified into 11 subtypes. Of the 97 candidate antiaging medicinal herbs selected, 47 are widely used by Korean medical doctors in Korea and were selected for further analysis of their antiaging effects. Overall, we found an average of 7.7 previous studies per candidate herb that described their antiaging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo Jin Choi
- Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Cheul Shin
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan 626-789, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Kyoung Han
- Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ung Baek
- Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
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Koo HJ, Kang SC, Jang SA, Kwon JE, Sohn E, Sohn EH. Effects of Protocatechuic Acid Derived from Rubus coreanus on the Lipid Metabolism in High Cholesterol Diet-induced Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.7732/kjpr.2014.27.4.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jung Koo H, Sohn EH, Kim YJ, Jang SA, Namkoong S, Chan Kang S. Effect of the combinatory mixture of Rubus coreanus Miquel and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge extracts on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice and anti-RANK signaling effect. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:951-959. [PMID: 24333364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Postmenopausal osteoporosis is one of the most common disorders in women after menopause, which is linked to an estrogen deficiency and characterized by an excessive loss of trabecular bone. Rubus coreanus and Astragalus membranaceus have been used for their various pharmacological properties in Asia as a traditional medicine. The present study evaluated the anti-osteoporotic effects of the optimal combination of Rubus coreanus and Astragalus membranaceus in 7:3 mixture (RAM) in ovariectomized (OVX) mice by investigating bone biomechanical properties and the serum levels of TNF-α, osteocalcin, RANKL, OPG, and RANK-RANKL signal-related osteoclast differentiation markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 mature female outbred ICR (Institute of cancer research) strain mice (7 weeks) were divided into 6 groups with 7 mice in each group as follows: (1) Sham-operated control mice (Sham) received daily oral phosphate-buffered-saline (PBS) of equal volumes through gavage. (2) OVX mice received a daily oral gavage of PBS (OVX). (3) OVX mice were treated daily with 50mg/kgb.w./day of RAM (4) with 100mg/kgb.w./day of RAM or (5) with 200mg/kgb.w./day of RAM via oral gavage. (6) OVX mice received i.p. injections of 17β-estradiol (E2) (0.1mg/kgb.w./day) three times per week for 12 weeks. RESULTS Micro-CT images showed that oral administration of RAM to OVX mice prevented tibial bone loss, preserved trabecular bone microarchitecture, and improved bone biomechanical properties. RAM administration also showed recovery effects on the levels of TNF-α, OPG and RANKL concentration in OVX-states. Additionally, we found that the mechanism by which RAM elicited anti-osteoporotic effects was by down-regulating the expression of TRAF6 and NFATc1 in RANKL-RANK pathway, a route of osteoclast differentiation, followed by reducing the production of osteoclast differentiation factors, calcitonin receptors and cathepsin K. CONCLUSIONS Our research strongly suggests that RAM can be clinically used in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Koo
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hwa Sohn
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resources, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 245-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Jin Kim
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resources, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 245-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-A Jang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Namkoong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 245-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 461-701, Republic of Korea.
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Koo HJ, Sohn EH, Kang SC. The Optimal Combination of the Mixture of Unripe Rubus coreanus and Astragalus membranaceus in the Activation and Differentiation of Osteoblastic Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7732/kjpr.2013.26.5.658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bhandary B, Lee GH, Marahatta A, Lee HY, Kim SY, So BO, Kwon JW, Song JY, Lee HK, Kim HR, Chae SW, Chae HJ. Water extracts of immature Rubus coreanus regulate lipid metabolism in liver cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 35:1907-13. [PMID: 23123463 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a major contributor for atherosclerosis and hypolipidemic drugs such as statin are highly prescribed to treat elevated lipid level in plasma. Rubus coreanus, which is widely cultivated in south eastern Asia, have been reported to show significant cholesterol lowering action in hyperlipidemic subjects. Our objective was to determine the cellular effect of Rubus coreanus extract (RCE) on cholesterol biosynthesis in human hepatic cells (HepG2) and to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which it causes change in cholesterol metabolism. RCE treatment lowered cholesterol biosynthesis as well as secretion from HepG2 cells. This effect was associated with lowering the release of apolipoproteins from hepatic cells. RCE treatment also showed an increase in phosphorylation of foxhead box protein 01 (FoXo-1) and 5-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), thus lowering expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and G6Pase, which might be a major pathway for cholesterol biosynthesis inhibition. Apart from this; RCE also lowered sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) expression in HepG2 cells, showing a long term regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis activity. These results indicate that one of the anti-hyperlipidemic actions of RCE is due to inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in hepatic cells and provides first documentation of a hypolipidemic bio-molecular action of Rubus coreanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidur Bhandary
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561–180, Republic of Korea
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Bhandary B, Lee HY, Back HI, Park SH, Kim MG, Kwon JW, Song JY, Lee HK, Kim HR, Chae SW, Chae HJ. Immature Rubus coreanus Shows a Free Radical-Scavenging Effect and Inhibits Cholesterol Synthesis and Secretion in Liver Cells. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 74:211-6. [PMID: 23440938 PMCID: PMC3574530 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.106062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubus coreanus fruits have been employed as a traditional medicine for centuries in the Asia-Pacific region. Its pharmacological action differs according to the different extraction methods utilized and the degree of fruit ripening. In this study, we determined the cellular effect of different ethanol extracts of mature and immature Rubus coreanus fruits in human hepatic cell line, HepG2 cells. The antioxidant activity, effect on superoxide dismutase activity and cholesterol biosynthesis efficiency was also evaluated. Immature Rubus coreanus extract showed higher antioxidant capability, compared with that of its mature fractions. Cellular antioxidant proteins including HO-1, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase and catalase were highly expressed in the presence of Rubus coreanus. Cholesterol levels in HepG2 cells treated with the water fraction of immature Rubus coreanus were significantly reduced. This antihyperlipidaemic action of Rubus coreanus is a consequence of cholesterol biosynthesis and extracellular secretion in HepG2 cells. These results indicate that among different ethanol fraction of mature and immature Rubus coreanus fruit extracts, water extract of immature fruit extract shows higher antioxidant as well as higher antihyperlipidaemic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bhandary
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-565 701, Republic of Korea
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Effect of Rubus coreanus extracts on diabetic osteoporosis by simultaneous regulation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Menopause 2013; 19:1043-51. [PMID: 22692333 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31824b1cc5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus has been known to be associated with a high risk of osteoporosis. Rubus coreanus Miquel, a traditional Asian herbal medicine, has various uses, such as antiobesity and antiosteoporosis treatment, among others. We investigated the effect of R. coreanus extracts on diabetic osteoporosis. METHODS Rats were not treated, or treated with streptozotocin or R. coreanus, or ovariectomized, in various combinations. After 6 weeks of treatment, the rats were killed, and serum biochemistry, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed. In addition, in vitro studies were performed in MC3T3-E1 and RAW 264.7 cells. RESULTS Rats treated using R. coreanus showed significant improvement in trabecular bone histopathology. Increased expression of osteocalcin was observed in rats treated with streptozotocin and R. coreanus, whether ovariectomized or not. In addition, the expression levels of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 and receptor activator for nuclear factor κβ ligand were increased in rats that were ovariectomized and treated with streptozotocin and R. coreanus but decreased in those treated with streptozotocin and R. coreanus alone. These results indicate that the antiosteoporotic effect of R. coreanus in postmenopausal diabetic osteoporosis is attributable to the cannabinoid receptor-dependent maximal up-regulation of osteoblastogenesis. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that R. coreanus may rescue diabetic osteoporotic bone loss by simultaneous alteration of activation in osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Furthermore, these effects may be partially influenced by the up-regulation of the endocannabinoid system. In conclusion, dietary R. coreanus may be of use in improving the conditions of diabetic osteoporosis.
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Potential antiosteoporotic agents from plants: a comprehensive review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:364604. [PMID: 23365596 PMCID: PMC3551255 DOI: 10.1155/2012/364604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health hazard and is a disease of old age; it is a silent epidemic affecting more than 200 million people worldwide in recent years. Based on a large number of chemical and pharmacological research many plants and their compounds have been shown to possess antiosteoporosis activity. This paper reviews the medicinal plants displaying antiosteoporosis properties including their origin, active constituents, and pharmacological data. The plants reported here are the ones which are commonly used in traditional medical systems and have demonstrated clinical effectiveness against osteoporosis. Although many plants have the potential to prevent and treat osteoporosis, so far, only a fraction of these plants have been thoroughly investigated for their physiological and pharmacological properties including their mechanism of action. An attempt should be made to highlight plant species with possible antiosteoporosis properties and they should be investigated further to help with future drug development for treating this disease.
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Bhandary B, Lee GH, So BO, Kim SY, Kim MG, Kwon JW, Song JY, Lee HK, Kim HR, Chae SW, Chae HJ. Rubus coreanusInhibits Oxidized-LDL Uptake by Macrophages Through Regulation of JNK Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 40:967-78. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) contributes to atherosclerosis in part by being taken up into macrophages via scavenger receptors and leading to foam cell formation. Herbal compounds that have been used to treat blood stasis (a counterpart of atherosclerosis) for centuries include extracts of medicinal plants in the Rosaceae and Leguminosae families. In this study, we investigated the effect of the unripe Rubus coreanus (Korean black raspberry) fruit extract on oxLDL uptake by murine macrophage cells. In the presence of Rubus coreanus extract (RCE), Dil-labeled oxLDL uptake was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. SP600125, a specific JNK inhibitor, inhibited the uptake of Dil-oxLDL into macrophages. RCE also inhibited JNK phosphorylation in a time- and dose-dependent manner in macrophages treated with oxLDL. These results indicate that among the mitogen-activated protein kinases, JNK phosphorylation is inhibited by RCE, which is likely the mechanism underlying the RCE-induced inhibition of oxLDL uptake by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidur Bhandary
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Geum-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Byung-Ok So
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Min-Gul Kim
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ji-Wung Kwon
- Gochang Black Raspberry Research Institute, Gochang-Gun, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Song
- Gochang Black Raspberry Research Institute, Gochang-Gun, Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Lee
- Gochang Black Raspberry Research Institute, Gochang-Gun, Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, Dental School, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Biosolomon. Inc. Jeonju, Korea
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16
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Kim MJ, Seong AR, Lee YH, Kim YJ, Shiota M, Yokomizo A, Naito S, Lee J, Jun W, Yoon HG. Histone acetyltransferase inhibitory activity of Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miq.) ethanol extract on androgen receptor-dependent prostate cancer cell growth. Food Sci Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-010-0214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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17
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Soeta S, Higuchi M, Yoshimura I, Itoh R, Kimura N, Aamsaki H. Effects of vitamin E on the osteoblast differentiation. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:951-7. [PMID: 20215720 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is thought to affect bone formation and bone remodeling. In this study, we investigated the effects of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol and delta-tocopherol) on the osteoblasts isolated from rat calvariae. At 4 and 7 days (Day 4 and 7) after induction of osteoblastic differentiation, treatment of alpha-tocopherol (100 and 200 microM) and delta-tocopherol (2 and 20 microM) for 3 days significantly decreased alkaline phophatase activity of the cultured osteoblasts. At Day 14, however, no significant change was detected in ALP activity and expression of bone sialoprotein mRNA in the osteoblasts treated with alpha-tocopherol or delta-tocopherol for 3 days. Expression of osteocalcin mRNA was decreased by treatment of alpha-tocopherol (100 and 200 microM) and delta-tocopherol (2 and 20 microM) at Day 4 and 7. At Day 14, expression of osteocalcin mRNA was decreased only with treatment of 200 microM alpha-tocopherol. In addition, the noncalcified nodules were decreased by treatment of alpha-tocopherol (200 microM) and delta-tocopherol (20 microM) at Day 7. However, treatment of alpha-tocopherol and delta-tocopherol showed no significant change of formation of calcified nodules at Day 14. These results indicate that vitamin E inhibits differentiation of osteoblasts especially from early stage to osteoid-producing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Soeta
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Japan.
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18
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Yoon HJ, Kim CS, Lee KY, Yang SY. Antioxidant Activity ofRubuscoreanus Fruit Extract: In Comparison to Green Tea Extract. Chonnam Med J 2010. [DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2010.46.3.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joong Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School and The Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chan Sang Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School and The Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kee Young Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School and The Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung Yeul Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School and The Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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19
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Kim YR, Lee BK, Kim JY, Kim JS, Lee WS, Lee SY, Kim EJ, Ahn BK, Kang CW. Effects of Dietary Locally Grown Herbs (Mentha piperascens, Rubus coreanus, Tagetes patula) on the Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicken. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2009. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2009.29.2.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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20
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Yang HM, Oh SM, Lim SS, Shin HK, Oh YS, Kim JK. Antiinflammatory activities of Rubus coreanus depend on the degree of fruit ripening. Phytother Res 2008; 22:102-7. [PMID: 17724764 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The dried unripe fruit of Rubus coreanus, which is well-known in Korea and referred to as 'Bok-bun-ja', has been employed as a traditional medicine for centuries. This crude drug is utilized in Korea for the management of impotence, spermatorrhea, enuresis, asthma and allergic diseases. The principal objective of the present study was to conduct a comparison of the antiinflammatory effects of ethanol extracts of the unripe (URCE), half-ripened (HRCE) and ripe fruits (RCE) of Rubus coreanus. URCE and HRCE were found to reduce the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. However, RCE exerted no inhibitory effects against the production of NO and IL-6. The results of the study show that the degree of fruit ripening of Rubus coreanus affects the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO, PGE2 and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Mo Yang
- Center for Efficacy Assessment and Development of Functional Foods and Drugs, Hallym University, Gangwon-do 200-702, Korea
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21
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Rocabado GO, Bedoya LM, Abad MJ, Bermejo P. Rubus - A Review of its Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile. Nat Prod Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0800300319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of the genus Rubus (family Rosaceae, sub-family Rosoideae, tribe Potentilleae) are widely distributed in the warmer temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. Rubus species have been known since ancient times for their curative properties, and have been used for the treatment of various ailments, such as wounds, diarrhea, colic pain, diabetes, inflammatory disorders, and as antimicrobial agents. However, their use has been based mainly on empirical findings. This contribution provides a comprehensive review of the work published on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the Rubus species over the past few years, in order to obtain a better understanding of the biological significance of this large genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Omar Rocabado
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Bedoya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María José Abad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paulina Bermejo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Niero R, Filho VC. Therapeutic Potential and Chemical Composition of Plants from the Genus Rubus: A Mini Review of the Last 10 Years. Nat Prod Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0800300320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubus species (Rosaceae) are appreciated for their fruits and their traditional therapeutic uses. Several experimental investigations indicate important biological effects of these plants, related to the presence of different classes of chemical substances, especially terpenoids and phenolic compounds. This work outlines the main biological properties and chemical constituents of the genus Rubus over the last 10 years, with particular emphasis on the plants that occur in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rivaldo Niero
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR)/CCS e Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), 88.302–202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR)/CCS e Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), 88.302–202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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