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Hirayama A, Oowada S, Ito H, Matsui H, Ueda A, Aoyagi K. Clinical significance of redox effects of Kampo formulae, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine: comprehensive estimation of multiple antioxidative activities. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017; 62:39-48. [PMID: 29371753 PMCID: PMC5773833 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the clinical significance of the redox-controlling effects of Kampo, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, we determined the scavenging activities of various reactive oxygen species in clinically used Kampo formulae using an electron spin resonance-based technique. Formulae containing Rhei Rhizoma (i.e., mashiningan and daiobotanpito) showed high scavenging activity against the alkoxyl radical, and crude extract quantity was significantly correlated with scavenging activity. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was positively correlated with the quantity of Zingiberis Rhizoma. Strong hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was also found in formulae containing both Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix, a widely used anti-inflammatory combination. Formulae containing a clinically common combination of Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, and Phellodendri Cortex induced high superoxide scavenging activity. Singlet oxygen scavenging activity was high in formulae containing Bupleuri Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix. In contrast, formulae containing Rehmanniae Radix showed generally low reactive oxygen species scavenging activities, and the quantity of Rehmanniae Radix was negatively correlated with hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen scavenging activities. These results indicate that the antioxidative effects of Kampo formulae are not uniform but complexly varied against multiple reactive oxygen species. Some formulae have almost no antioxidant effects but may act as pro-oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Hirayama
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Tsukuba University of Technology, 4-12-7 Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8521, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oowada
- Asao Clinic, 1-8-10 Manpukuji, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 215-0004, Japan
| | - Hiromu Ito
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ueda
- Tsukuba University Hospital Hitachi Medical Education and Research Center, 2-1-1 Jyonancho, Hitachi, Ibaraki 317-0077, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Aoyagi
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Tsukuba University of Technology, 4-12-7 Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8521, Japan
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Kwon OJ, Choo BK, Lee JY, Kim MY, Shin SH, Seo BI, Seo YB, Rhee MH, Shin MR, Kim GN, Park CH, Roh SS. Protective effect of Rhei Rhizoma on reflux esophagitis in rats via Nrf2-mediated inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:7. [PMID: 26748627 PMCID: PMC4707002 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Rhei Rhizoma has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine to treat various inflammatory diseases. The present study was conducted to evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity against experimental reflux-induced esophagitis (RE) in SD rats. Methods Rhei Rhizoma was administered at 125 or 250 mg/kg body weight per day for 7 days prior to the induction of reflux esophagitis, and its effect was compared with RE control and normal rats. Results Rhei Rhizoma administration markedly ameliorated mucosal damage on histological evaluation. The elevated reactive oxygen species in the esophageal tissue of RE control rats decreased with the administration of Rhei Rhizoma. RE control rats exhibited the down-regulation of antioxidant-related proteins, such as nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression levels, in the presence of esophagitis; however, the levels with Rhei Rhizoma treatment were significantly higher than those in RE control rats. Moreover, RE control rats exhibited the up-regulation of protein expressions related to oxidative stress in the presence of esophagitis, but Rhei Rhizoma administration significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory proteins through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-related signaling pathways. The protein expressions of inflammatory mediators and cytokines by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation were modulated through blocking the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (IκB)α. Conclusion Our findings support the therapeutic evidence for Rhei Rhizoma ameliorating the development of esophagitis via regulating inflammation through the activation of the antioxidant pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0974-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zheng Q, Li R, Li C, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang R, Zhang Y, Liu H, Li J, Xiao X. Microcalorimetric investigation of five Aconitum L. plants on the metabolic activity of mitochondria isolated from rat liver. JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY 2015; 120:335-344. [DOI: 10.1007/s10973-014-4160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
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Zheng Q, Zhao Y, Wang J, Liu T, Zhang B, Gong M, Li J, Liu H, Han B, Zhang Y, Song X, Li Y, Xiao X. Spectrum-effect relationships between UPLC fingerprints and bioactivities of crude secondary roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux (Fuzi) and its three processed products on mitochondrial growth coupled with canonical correlation analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:615-23. [PMID: 24632114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The crude secondary roots of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux (Fuzi), together with its processed products, including Yanfuzi, Heishunpian and Paofupian, are commonly applied in clinic using for thousands of years, such as collapse, syncope, rheumatic fever, painful joints and various tumors. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the different effects of Fuzi and its processed products on energy metabolism, with mitochondria as the model with the aim of guiding the clinical use of Fuzi and its products. fingerprints of Fuzi, Yanfuzi, Heishunpian and Paofupian were established by Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and effects of Fuzi and its processed products on rat's liver׳s mitochondrial metabolism were studied by microcalorimetry. Spectrum-effect relationships between UPLC fingerprints and energy metabolism of mitochondria were investigated using canonical correlation analysis (CCA). RESULTS Because of their inherent differences in chemical compositions, the main activities of energy metabolism of mitochondria were different among Fuzi and its processed products. The potential bioactivity sequence of the tested products was Fuzi>Heishunpian>Paofupian>Yanfuzi. RESULTS of CCA showed that compounds mesaconitine, benzoylaconitine, and benzoylhypacoitine might be the principal active components. CONCLUSION Altogether, this work provides a general model of combination of UPLC and microcalorimetry to study the spectrum-effect relationships of Fuzi and its processed products which can offer some references for detecting principal components of traditional Chinese medicine on bioactivity to mitochondrial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanfu Zheng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People׳s Liberation Army, 100, the 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People׳s Liberation Army, 100, the 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Jiabo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People׳s Liberation Army, 100, the 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People׳s Liberation Army, 100, the 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- The Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, No 86, Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150086, China.
| | - Man Gong
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Hospital of People׳s Liberation Army, 100, the 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Hospital of People׳s Liberation Army, 100, the 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Hospital of People׳s Liberation Army, 100, the 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Guang Dong Pharmacy College, 68, Nanhua District, Guangzhou 51006, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People׳s Liberation Army, 100, the 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xueai Song
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Hospital of People׳s Liberation Army, 100, the 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Hospital of People׳s Liberation Army, 100, the 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Hospital of People׳s Liberation Army, 100, the 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100039, China
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Tan Y, Liu X, Lu C, He X, Li J, Xiao C, Jiang M, Yang J, Zhou K, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Lu A. Metabolic profiling reveals therapeutic biomarkers of processed Aconitum carmichaeli Debx in treating hydrocortisone induced kidney-yang deficiency syndrome rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:585-93. [PMID: 24556226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) is a diagnostic pattern in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and clinical data showed that the unbalance in adrenal cortical hormone is the key issue in KYDS patients. The processed Ranunculaceae aconitum carmichaeli debx (bai-fu-pian in Chinese, BFP) is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbs for treating KYDS. The present study was conducted to explore the therapeutic biomarkers of the BFP in treating hydrocortisone administration induced KYDS rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups with six in each group. KYDS in rats was induced by i.p. injection of hydrocortisone at the dose of 10mg/kg per day for 15 days as described previously. The rats with KYDS were administered orally, starting from the day of hydrocortisone administration stopped, with BFP extract at the dose of 0.32g/kg, 0.64g/kg and 1.28g/kg per day respectively for 15 days. The blood samples were collected for the liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) test, as well as radioimmunoassay to determine the concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). The metabolic responses to BFP administration were investigated by using the principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS). Bioinformatics analyses were performed by using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Variance analysis and linear regression analysis were used in this study. RESULTS The signs and concentrations of cAMP, cGMP and ACTH in the model rats were similar to those previously described about KYDS rats and BFP treatment can reverse the changes. Seventeen significantly changed metabolites among different groups were identified. Thirteen metabolites were identified in the KYDS rats comparing to healthy rats with nine up-regulated and four down-regulated. After BFP treatment at three dosages, five up-regulated metabolites including phosphate, betaine, (4-hydroxyphenyl) acetaldehyde, 5-hydroxyindol-3-acetic acid and 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide were dose-dependently reversed. The network analysis with IPA showed that four canonical pathways including superpathway of methionine degradation, purine nucleotides de novo biosynthesis II, tyrosine synthesis and serotonin receptor signaling involved the therapeutic mechanism of BFP in treating the KYDS rats. CONCLUSIONS Five therapeutic biomarkers (phosphate, betaine, (4-hydroxyphenyl) acetaldehyde, 5-hydroxyindol-3-acetic acid and 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-formylglycinamide) and two corresponding canonical pathways (amino acid metabolism and purine nucleotide metabolism) were identified to be involved in the therapeutic mechanism of BFP treating the KYDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xinru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100030, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Zhongxiao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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Abe C, Uto Y, Kawasaki A, Noguchi C, Tanaka R, Yoshitomi T, Nagasaki Y, Endo Y, Hori H. Evaluation of the in vivo antioxidative activity of redox nanoparticles by using a developing chicken egg as an alternative animal model. J Control Release 2014; 182:67-72. [PMID: 24637467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidants have been demonstrated to exert beneficial effects as pharmacotherapies for cardiovascular diseases. The in vitro systems generally employed to evaluate antioxidants, however, are limited by having no appreciable in vivo redox status of the antioxidants. Therefore, we used our developing chicken egg model to evaluate the in vivo antioxidative activity of a redox nanoparticle possessing 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (RNP(O)). The 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) elicited strong oxidative stress and its LD50 value for chick embryos was 3.5±0.9mg/egg. The low molecular weight nitroxide compound, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL), which is known to have the highest level of antioxidant activity, showed no significant protective effect against AAPH-induced embryo lethality. On the contrary, RNP(O) had potent protective effects against AAPH-induced embryo lethality. Moreover, RNP(O) could significantly suppress the production of lipid peroxides in chick serum induced by hydrocortisone. Since RNP(O) has a longer retention time in blood than TEMPOL, RNP(O) may protect the embryo against lethal oxidative stress by suppressing lipid peroxidation. The validity of in vivo experiments using developing chicken eggs was supported by our data, where RNP(O) was determined to elicit strong antioxidative activity in vivo, irrespective of the lack of a significant difference in the in vitro activity between low-molecular weight TEMPOL and RNP(O). Our results support the use of the developing chicken egg model to evaluate the potential in vivo antioxidative activity of RNP(O).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Abe
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uto
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
| | - Ayaka Kawasaki
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Chiho Noguchi
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Ryo Tanaka
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshitomi
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Master's School of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Satellite Laboratory, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yoshio Endo
- Central Research Resource Branch, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hori
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, Graduate School, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
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Gokila Vani M, Kumar KJS, Liao JW, Chien SC, Mau JL, Chiang SS, Lin CC, Kuo YH, Wang SY. Antcin C from Antrodia cinnamomea Protects Liver Cells Against Free Radical-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis In Vitro and In Vivo through Nrf2-Dependent Mechanism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:296082. [PMID: 24391672 PMCID: PMC3874316 DOI: 10.1155/2013/296082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the cytoprotective effects of antcin C, a steroid-like compound isolated from Antrodia cinnamaomea against AAPH-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human hepatic HepG2 cells. Pretreatment with antcin C significantly protects hepatic cells from AAPH-induced cell death through the inhibition of ROS generation. Furthermore, AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation, ALT/AST secretion and GSH depletion was significantly inhibited by antcin C. The antioxidant potential of antcin C was correlated with induction of antioxidant genes including, HO-1, NQO-1, γ -GCLC, and SOD via transcriptional activation of Nrf2. The Nrf2 activation by antcin C is mediated by JNK1/2 and PI3K activation, whereas pharmacologic inhibition of JNK1/2 and PI3K abolished antcin C-induced Nrf2 activity. In addition, AAPH-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by antcin C through the down-regulation of pro-apoptotic factors including, Bax, cytochrome c, capase 9, -4, -12, -3, and PARP. In vivo studies also show that antcin C significantly protected mice liver from AAPH-induced hepatic injury as evidenced by reduction in hepatic enzymes in circulation. Further, immunocytochemistry analyses showed that antcin C significantly increased HO-1 and Nrf2 expression in mice liver tissues. These results strongly suggest that antcin C could protect liver cells from oxidative stress and cell death via Nrf2/ARE activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gokila Vani
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - K. J. Senthil Kumar
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Chien
- The Experimental Forest Management Office, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Leun Mau
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Shih Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | | | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Wang
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Shin IS, Jeon WY, Shin HK, Cha SW, Lee MY. Banhabaekchulchunma-tang, a traditional herbal formula attenuates absolute ethanol-induced gastric injury by enhancing the antioxidant status. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:170. [PMID: 23844748 PMCID: PMC3711929 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Banhabaekchulchunma-tang (hange-byakujutsu-tenma-to in Japanese and banxia-baizhu-tianma-tang in Chinese) is a mixture of fourteen herbs. It is used traditionally for the treatment of anemia, anorexia, general weakness, and female infertility in China, Japan, and Korea. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of a Banhabaekchulchunma-tang water extract (BCT) against ethanol-induced acute gastric injury in rats. Methods Gastric injury was induced by intragastric administration of 5 mL/kg body weight of absolute ethanol to each rat. The positive control group and the BCT group were given oral doses of omeprazole (50 mg/kg) or BCT (400 mg/kg), respectively, 2 h prior to the administration of absolute ethanol. The stomach of each animal was excised and examined for gastric mucosal lesions. To confirm the protective effects of BCT, we evaluated the degree of lipid peroxidation, the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in the stomach. In addition, we conducted an acute toxicity study to evaluate the safety of BCT according to OECD guideline. Results BCT reduced ethanol-induced hemorrhage, hyperemia, and loss of epithelial cell in the gastric mucosa. BCT reduced the increased lipid peroxidation associated with ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions, and increased the mucosal GSH content and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, BCT did not cause any adverse effects at up to 5000 mg/kg. Conclusions These results indicate that BCT protects the gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced gastric injury by increasing the antioxidant status. We suggest that BCT could be developed as an effective drug for the treatment of gastric injury caused by alcohol intake.
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Shin IS, Lee MY, Lim HS, Seo CS, Ha HK, Shin HK. Gastroprotective effects of Leejung-tang, an oriental traditional herbal formula, on ethanol-induced acute gastric injury in rats. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2012; 10:324-30. [PMID: 24146457 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v10i2.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Leejung-tang (LJT, Rechu-to in Japanese and Lizhong-tang in Chinese) is an oriental traditional traditional herbal formula. LJT has been used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in Korea, Japan, and China for a long time. In present study, we investigated the protective effects of LJT against absolute ethanol induced gastric injuries. Rats in the control group were given PBS orally (5 mL/kg body weight) as the vehicle, and the absolute-ethanol group (EtOH group) received absolute ethanol (5 mL/kg body weight) by oral gavage. Rats in the positive control group were given omeprazole orally (50 mg/kg body weight) 2 h prior to the administration of absolute ethanol. The treatment groups received LJT (400 mg/kg body weight) 2 h prior to absolute ethanol administration. All rats were sacrificed 1 h after receiving the ethanol treatment. The stomach was excised for macroscopic examination and biochemical analysis. The administration of LJT protected gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced acute gastric injury, including hemorrhage and hyperemia. LJT reduced the increase in lipid peroxidation in ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions. LJT increased GSH content and activities of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. These results indicate that LJT protects gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced acute gastric injury by increasing their antioxidant content. We suggest that LJT can be developed as an effective drug for the treatment of acute gastric injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sik Shin
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 483 Expo-ro, Yusunggu, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea
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Effects of selected plant extracts on anti-oxidative enzyme activities in rats. Food Chem 2012; 132:1276-1280. [PMID: 29243611 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of plant extracts on the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes in rats were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with the extracts and fractions from Rhus javanica, Malus sieboldii, and Ostrya japonica, and the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were investigated. SOD activities in blood serum and liver increased following an injection of 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), and these increases were not cancelled out by feeding plant extracts. CAT activities in blood serum and liver increased following the AAPH injection, but these increases were reversed by feeding the extracts of R. javanica and O. japonica. This finding was similar to the result that the CAT activity increase induced by feeding alcohol was cancelled out by feeding ascorbic acid. These results suggest that anti-oxidative polyphenolics from these plants may act through the same mechanism as that of the well-known antioxidant ascorbic acid towards hydrogen peroxide.
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Nishimura K, Osawa T, Watanabe K. Evaluation of oxygen radical absorbance capacity in kampo medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:812163. [PMID: 19126557 PMCID: PMC3137646 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nen082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant capacity of food has come to be shown in terms of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) mainly on vegetables or fruit. However, the evaluation of Kampo in terms of ORAC has not yet been accomplished. It is important that such an investigation is also conducted for Kampo medicine. We measured the ORAC value of almost all the available Kampo formulas used in the Japanese National health insurance system and examined the ORAC value both for the daily prescription, and also the crude herb ingredients. The ORAC value of Kampo medicine ranged 4.65–5913 units/day. The ORAC value was high in Kampo formulas including Rhei Rhizoma, and was relatively high in Kampo formulas including anti-inflammatory herbs other than Rhei Rhizoma. The ORAC value was also high in Kampo formulas including crude herbs that have relaxation effects. The ORAC value of a crude herb would seem to not be fixed but be dependent on combination with other crude herbs from the comparison of different herbs added to the basic Kampo medicine. These results suggest variability and complexity of the antioxidant capacity of Kampo medicine within the similar range of food. On the other hand, investigation of the compound changes of various crude herbs with ORAC may lead to the elucidation of the action mechanism of Kampo medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Nishimura
- Center for Kampo Medicine, School of Medicine Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Liou SF, Ke HJ, Hsu JH, Liang JC, Lin HH, Chen IJ, Yeh JL. San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang Prevents Rat Hearts from Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Apoptosis through eNOS and MAPK Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:915051. [PMID: 21785641 PMCID: PMC3137793 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXT) is a traditional Chinese medication consisting of three herbs, namely Coptidis rhizome, Scutellariae radix and Rhei rhizome. This study aimed to examine the cardioprotective effects of SHXT in a rat model of acute myocardial apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Vehicle (intravenous saline) or SHXT (intravenous or oral) was administered prior to I/R (occlusion of left coronary artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 2 h). In the vehicle group, myocardial I/R caused myocardial infarction with increased plasma cardiac enzymes, severe arrhythmia and mortality. Myocardial apoptosis was induced by I/R as evidenced by DNA ladder and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. In the SHXT group, we found that SHXT significantly reduced plasma levels of cardiac enzymes, arrhythmia scores (from 5 ± 1 to 2 ± 1, P < .01) and mortality rate (from 53 to 0%, P < .01). In addition, pretreatment with intravenous SHXT reduced the infarct size dose-dependently when compared with the vehicle group (10 mg kg(-1): 14.0 ± 0.2 versus 44.5 ± 5.0%, and 30 mg kg(-1): 6.2 ± 1.2% versus 44.5 ± 5.0%, both P < .01). Similarly, oral administration of SHXT reduced the infarct size dose-dependently. Furthermore, SHXT markedly decreased the apoptosis induced by I/R with increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Finally, we found that SHXT counteracted the I/R-induced downstream signaling, resulting in increased myocardial eNOS expression and plasma nitrite, and decreased activation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK. These data suggest that SHXT has cardioprotective effects against I/R-induced apoptosis, and that these effects are mediated, at least in part, by eNOS and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Liou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
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Kim YO, Kim HJ, Kim GS, Park HG, Lim SJ, Seong NS, Ham YW, Lee SD, Jang KH, Jung KH, Chung JH, Kang SA. Panax ginseng Protects Against Global Ischemia Injury in Rat Hippocampus. J Med Food 2009; 12:71-6. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ock Kim
- Medicinal Crops Division, Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Soog Kim
- Medicinal Crops Division, Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Gi Park
- Medicinal Crops Division, Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jong Lim
- Medicinal Crops Division, Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak Sul Seong
- Medicinal Crops Division, Ginseng & Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Woon Ham
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Dong Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hyo Jang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Jung
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Chung
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Ah Kang
- Department of Fermented Food Sciences, Seoul University of Venture and Information, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lin E, Wang Y, Mehendale S, Sun S, Wang CZ, Xie JT, Aung HH, Yuan CS. Antioxidant protection by American ginseng in pancreatic beta-cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2009; 36:981-8. [PMID: 19051362 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x08006399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in diabetic conditions may cause oxidative stress in pancreatic beta-cells, leading to their dysfunction and insulin resistance within peripheral tissues. Previous studies suggest that American ginseng berry extract may have hypoglycemic effects, as well as offer antioxidant protection. We examined effects of American ginseng berry extract and ginsenoside Re in a pancreatic beta-cell line, MIN-6, to determine if these two properties are related. Cells were exposed to oxidative stress via hydrogen peroxide incubation and oxidative stress was measured by oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate. These cells showed a concentration-related response to hydrogen peroxide at 100-500 microM. In acute conditions where cells were treated with the extract for 10 min, we observed reduced oxidant injury suggesting direct scavenging effects. Chronic incubation of cells with the extract for 48 hours also demonstrated attenuation of oxidative stress. At high concentrations, Re showed a mild antioxidant effect in MIN-6 cells. Our insulin release observations also showed that the extract may help to increase insulin secretions from the cells. Our data suggest that the observed ability of ginseng to reduce blood glucose levels may be linked to its antioxidant effects on pancreatic beta-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Lin
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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15
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Kim SJ, Shin BG, Choi IY, Kim DH, Kim MC, Myung NY, Moon PD, Lee JH, An HJ, Kim NH, Lee JY, So HS, Park RK, Jeong HJ, Um JY, Kim HM, Hong SH. Hwanggunchungyitang Prevents Cadmium-Induced Ototoxicity through Suppression of the Activation of Caspase-9 and Extracellular Signal-Related Kinase in Auditory HEI-OC1 Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:213-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Kim
- VestibuloCochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Bong-Gi Shin
- VestibuloCochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University
| | - In-Young Choi
- VestibuloCochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- VestibuloCochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University
| | - Min-cheol Kim
- VestibuloCochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University
| | - Noh-Yil Myung
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University
| | | | - Jeong-Han Lee
- VestibuloCochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | - Na-Hyung Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | | | - Hong-seob So
- VestibuloCochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University
| | - Rae-Kil Park
- VestibuloCochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University
| | | | - Jae-Young Um
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University
- College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University
| | | | - Seung-Heon Hong
- VestibuloCochlear Research Center of Wonkwang University
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University
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Rhyu DY, Kang KS, Sekiya M, Tanaka T, Park JC, Yokozawa T. Active compounds isolated from traditional Chinese prescription Wen-Pi-Tang protecting against peroxynitrite-induced LLC-PK(1) cell damage. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2008; 36:761-70. [PMID: 18711772 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x08006211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Wen-Pi-Tang, a traditional Chinese prescription, has been widely used for the treatment of patients with moderate chronic renal failure in China. Although the protective effect of Wen-Pi-Tang on peroxynitrite (ONOO(-))-induced renal tubular epithelial LLC-PK(1) cell damage was elucidated in our previous research, the active components of Wen-Pi-Tang have not yet been fully clarified. Therefore in the present study, we investigated the active components by using a cellular ONOO(-)generation system. As a result, p-coumaric acid, 4-(4'-hydroxylphenyl)-2-butanone 4'-O-glucopyranoside, gallic acid 3-O-(6'-O-galloyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside, procyanidin B-1, procyanidin B-3, and (+)-catechin were isolated as active compounds inhibiting cellular ONOO(-) formation and cytotoxicity. In particular, the content of (+)-catechin was significantly higher than those of the other compounds, and the (+)-catechin structure was located in procyanidins B-1 and B-3. Therefore, the major bioactivity of Wen-Pi-Tang against ONOO(-)-induced cytotoxicity in LLC-PK(1) cells was thought to be mediated by (+)-catechin. Although we cannot disregard the synergetic effect of various components in Wen-Pi-Tang, (+)-catechin is a major active compound protecting against ONOO(-)-induced LLC-PK(1) cell damage and may be used as an index to qualify the ONOO(-)-inhibitory activity of Wen-Pi-Tang extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Young Rhyu
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea
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Zheng X, Shi P, Cheng Y, Qu H. Rapid analysis of a Chinese herbal prescription by liquid chromatography–time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1206:140-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xiao JS, Liu L, Wu H, Xie BJ, Yang EN, Sun ZD. Rapid preparation of procyanidins B2 and C1 from Granny Smith apples by using low pressure column chromatography and identification of their oligomeric procyanidins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:2096-2101. [PMID: 18298060 DOI: 10.1021/jf072679x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Research in the field of procyanidins is always hindered by the lack of procyanidin standards, and the preparation of procyanidins, especially in large scale, remains difficult and time-consuming. Commercial sources of procyanidin standards are scarce. In this study, a rapid preparation method of procyanidins by using low-pressure column chromatography was developed. Procyanidins in Granny Smith apples were extracted with boiled water and purified on an ADS-17 macroporous resin column to obtain a Granny Smith apple procyanidin extract (GSE). GSE was fractionated according to its degree of polymerization on a Toyopearl TSK HW-40s column. Procyanidins B2 (epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin) and C1 (epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin-(4beta-8)-epicatechin) were prepared without HPLC separation. Oligomeric procyanidins from Granny Smith apples were also identified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Song Xiao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
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