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Elkomy AE, Sadaka TA, Hassan SS, Shawky O, El-Speiy ME, El-Beshkar M, Wadaan MAM, El-Tahan HM, Cho S, Kim IH, El-Tahan HM. Improving productive performance, immunity, and health status of growing rabbits by using honey bee venom ( Apis mellifera). Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1234675. [PMID: 37841476 PMCID: PMC10569427 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1234675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of bee venom (BV) as a natural growth promotor on growing rabbits as an alternative to antibiotics, sixty 35-day-old Californian male rabbits with an average body weight of 584 ± 9 gm were randomly divided into five equal groups as follows: The 2nd group received drinking water supplied with 10 mg Oxytetracycline (OXT), while the 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups received 2, 4 and 8 mg bee venom (BV)/kg body weight/day in drinking water, and the first group was served as a control group. The growth performance features were positively impacted by adding BV (p ≤ 0.01) compared to the control, whereas LBW and BWG increased and FI reduced. Significantly improved carcass characteristics (p ≤ 0.01) as a result of the BV supplementation. Blood characteristics showed a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.01) in liver enzyme activities and Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Low-density lipoproteins Cholesterol (LDL) as affected by BV treatment; inversely, total protein and globulin were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.01). Similarly, BV had a positive effect (p ≤ 0.01) on anti-oxidant status (Total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)). In contrast, the lipid peroxidation biomarker (Malondialdehyde (MDA)) was significantly decreased. The immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM) was significantly increased (p ≤ 0.01) by BV treatment. There was a positive effect of low BV levels on decreasing both cecum TBC and pathogenic bacterial count (Salmonella spp., E.coli spp., Proteus spp., and Clostridia spp.) that was significant (p ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, BV can be a natural growth promoter to enhance growth performance traits, immunological and anti-oxidative responses, and reduce pathogenic bacteria in the hindgut of growing rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa E. Elkomy
- Livestock Research Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El Arab, Egypt
- Faculty of Desert and Environmental Agriculture, Matrouh University, Mersa Matruh, Egypt
| | - Tarek A. Sadaka
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Saber S. Hassan
- Department of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Omnia Shawky
- Livestock Research Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El Arab, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. El-Speiy
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Egypt
| | | | - Mohammad A. M. Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem M. El-Tahan
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Sungbo Cho
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hossam M. El-Tahan
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Egypt
- Animal Resource and Science Department, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Synergic Effect of Honey with Other Natural Agents in Developing Efficient Wound Dressings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010034. [PMID: 36670896 PMCID: PMC9854511 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey has been used for therapeutic and nutritional purposes since ancient times. It was considered one of the essential medical assets in wound healing. According to research, honeybees have significant antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and wound-healing properties. Lately, scientific researchers have focused on apitherapy, using bee products to protect and strengthen the immune system. Since honey is the most important natural product rich in minerals, proteins, and vitamins, it has been intensively used in such therapies. Honey has gained significant consideration because of the beneficial role of its antioxidant compounds, such as enzymes, proteins, amino and organic acids, polyphenols, and carotenoids, but mainly due to flavonoids and phenolic acids. It has been proven that phenolic compounds are responsible for honey's biological activity and that its physicochemical properties, antioxidants, and antimicrobial potential are significant for human health. The review also presents some mechanisms of action and the medical applications of honey, such as wound healing dressings, skin grafts, honey-based nanofibers, and cochlear implants, as the most promising wound healing tools. This extensive review has been written to highlight honey's applications in medicine; its composition with the most important bioactive compounds also illustrates its synergistic effect with other natural products having remarkable therapeutic properties in wound healing.
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Abd El-Hakam FEZ, Abo Laban G, Badr El-Din S, Abd El-Hamid H, Farouk MH. Apitherapy combination improvement of blood pressure, cardiovascular protection, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses in dexamethasone model hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20765. [PMID: 36456799 PMCID: PMC9714403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension-induced ventricular and vascular remodeling causes myocardial infarction, heart failure, and sudden death. Most available pharmaceutical products used to treat hypertension lead to adverse effects on human health. Limited data is available on apitherapy (bee products) combinations for treatment of hypertension. This study aims to evaluate the antihypertensive effects of combinations of natural apitherapy compounds used in the medical sector to treat a variety of diseases. Rats were assigned into six groups consisting of one control group and five hypertensive groups where hypertension (blood pressure > 140/90) was induced with dexamethasone. One of these groups was used as a hypertension model, while the remaining four hypertensive groups were treated with a propolis, royal jelly, and bee venom combination (PRV) at daily oral doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg, and with losartan 10 mg/kg. The PRV combination at all doses decreased arterial blood pressure below the suboptimal value (p < 0.001), and PRV combination treatment improved dexamethasone-induced-ECG changes. The same treatment decreased angiotensin-II, endothelin-1, and tumor growth factor β serum levels in hypertensive rats. Additionally, PRV combination improved histopathological structure, and decreased serum levels of NF-kB and oxidative stress biomarkers. We concluded that PRV combination therapy may be used as a potential treatment for a variety of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma El-Zahraa Abd El-Hakam
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Gomaa Abo Laban
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Sahar Badr El-Din
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Hala Abd El-Hamid
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohammed Hamdy Farouk
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo Egypt
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dos Santos AT, Cruz GS, Baptista GR. Anti-inflammatory activities of arthropod peptides: a systematic review. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2021; 27:e20200152. [PMID: 34795699 PMCID: PMC8564866 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides obtained from different animal species have gained importance recently due to research that aims to develop biopharmaceuticals with therapeutic potential. In this sense, arthropod venoms have drawn attention, not only because of their toxicity but mainly for the search for molecules with various bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory activity. The purpose of the present study is to gather data available in the literature on new peptides derived from arthropod species with anti-inflammatory potential. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies on peptides from arthropods that display anti-inflammatory activity were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. The bibliographic research started in 2020 and searched papers without a limit on the publication date. The articles were analyzed using a search string containing the following terms: "Peptides" and "Anti-inflammatory", in combinations such as "Ant", "Bee", "Wasp", "Crab", "Shrimp", "Scorpion", "Spider", "Tick" and "Centipedes". Besides, a search was carried out in the databases with the terms: "Peptides", "Antitumor", or "Anticancer", and "Arthropods". Articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria totalized 171, and these served for data extraction. Additionally, the present review included anti-inflammatory peptides with anticancer properties. Peptides with confirmed anti-inflammatory activity were from insects (ants, bees, and wasps), crustaceans (shrimp and crabs), arachnids (scorpions, spiders, and ticks), and centipedes. These arthropod peptides act mainly by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines as analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Some showed significant antineoplastic activity, working in essential cellular pathways against malignant neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Teixeira dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Silva Cruz
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gandhi Rádis Baptista
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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The Responsiveness of Bee Venom Phospholipase A2 on Regulatory T Cells Correlates with the CD11c +CD206 +Population in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100717. [PMID: 34679010 PMCID: PMC8539571 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee venom phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) has been reported to have therapeutic effects such as neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, anti-nociception, anti-cancer properties, caused by increasing regulatory T cells (Tregs). The mechanism of Tregs modulation by bvPLA2 has been demonstrated by binding with the mannose receptor, CD206 in experimental models of several diseases. However, it remains unknown whether this mechanism can also be applied in human blood. In this study, we collected peripheral blood samples from healthy donors and analyzed the percentages of monocyte-derived dendritic cells with CD206 (CD206+ DCs) before expansion, the proportion of Tregs, and the subpopulations after expansion treated with bvPLA2 or PBS using flow cytometry and the correlations among them. The percentage of Tregs tended to be higher in the bvPLA2 group than in the control group. There were significant positive correlations between the CD206 population in hPBMC and the proportions of Tregs treated with bvPLA2, especially in the Treg fold change comparing the increase ratio of Tregs in bvPLA2 and in PBS. These findings indicate that bvPLA2 increased the proportion of Tregs in healthy human peripheral blood and the number of CD206+ DCs could be a predictor of the bvPLA2 response of different individuals.
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Zahran F, Mohamad A, Zein N. Bee venom ameliorates cardiac dysfunction in diabetic hyperlipidemic rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2630-2644. [PMID: 34550826 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211045924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of blood glucose and lipids are well-known risk factors for heart diseases. Bee venom is a natural product that has a potent hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The current study aimed to determine the bee venom effects on cardiac dysfunction compared to combined therapy of metformin and atorvastatin in diabetic hyperlipidemic rats. The median lethal dose of bee venom was estimated, and then 50 adult male albino rats were categorized into five groups. One group was fed a standard diet and served as a negative control, while the other groups were given nicotinamide and streptozotocin injections to induce type 2 diabetes. After confirming diabetes, the rats were fed a high-fat diet for four weeks. The four groups were divided as follows: one group served as a positive control, whereas the other three groups were treated with bee venom (0.5 mg/kg), bee venom (1.23 mg/kg), and combined therapy of metformin (60 mg/kg) and atorvastatin (10 mg/kg), respectively, for four weeks. Upon termination of the experiment, blood samples and heart tissue were obtained. Administration of bee venom using both doses (0.5 and 1.23 mg/kg) and combined therapy of metformin and atorvastatin revealed a significant decrease in the concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, troponin I, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Moreover, a significant decrease had been detedcted in malondialdehyde, nuclear factor-kappa-β levels, and relative mRNA expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and galectin-3 in heart tissue compared to the positive control (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in bodyweight levels of insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total antioxidant capacity in heart tissue compared to the positive control (P < 0.0001). The results indicate that bee venom can ameliorate cardiac dysfunction through attenuating oxidative stress and downregulating the NF-κβ signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Zahran
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Alaa Mohamad
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nabila Zein
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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7
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Ahmed LA, Abd El-Rhman RH, Gad AM, Hassaneen SK, El-Yamany MF. Dibenzazepine combats acute liver injury in rats via amendments of Notch signaling and activation of autophagy. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 394:337-348. [PMID: 32984915 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01977-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol is a commonly used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drug. Nevertheless, an overdose of paracetamol leads to hepatic necrosis that can be lethal. This study aimed to assess the potential hepatoprotective effects of dibenzazepine, a Notch inhibitor, against acute liver injury in rats via interfering with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and Notch signaling. Silymarin (200 mg/kg, p.o.) or dibenzazepine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered to rats for 5 days before a single hepatotoxic dose of paracetamol (800 mg/kg, i.p.). Pretreatment with silymarin and dibenzazepine significantly mitigated oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic markers induced by paracetamol hepatotoxicity where dibenzazepine showed greater repression of inflammation. Furthermore, dibenzazepine was found to be significantly more efficacious than silymarin in inhibiting Notch signaling as represented by expression of Notch-1 and Hes-1. A significantly greater response was also demonstrated with dibenzazepine pretreatment with regard to the expression of autophagic proteins, Beclin-1 and LC-3. The aforementioned biochemical results were confirmed by histopathological examination. Autophagy and Notch signaling seem to play a significant role in protection provided by dibenzazepine for paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, which could explain its superior results relative to silymarin. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rana H Abd El-Rhman
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany M Gad
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sherifa K Hassaneen
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority formerly National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamad F El-Yamany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kim JY, Lee SJ, Maeng YI, Leem J, Park KK. Protective Effects of Bee Venom against Endotoxemia-Related Acute Kidney Injury in Mice. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070154. [PMID: 32640615 PMCID: PMC7408099 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is a leading cause of death in hospitalized patients worldwide. Despite decades of effort, there is no effective treatment for preventing the serious medical condition. Bee venom has long been used to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, whether bee venom has protective effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI has not been explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bee venom on LPS-induced AKI. The administration of bee venom alleviated renal dysfunction and structural injury in LPS-treated mice. Increased renal levels of tubular injury markers after LPS treatment were also suppressed by bee venom. Mechanistically, bee venom significantly reduced plasma and tissue levels of inflammatory cytokines and immune cell infiltration into damaged kidneys. In addition, mice treated with bee venom exhibited reduced renal expression of lipid peroxidation markers after LPS injection. Moreover, bee venom attenuated tubular cell apoptosis in the kidneys of LPS-treated mice. In conclusion, these results suggest that bee venom attenuates LPS-induced renal dysfunction and structural injury via the suppression of inflammation, oxidative stress, and tubular cell apoptosis, and might be a useful therapeutic option for preventing endotoxemia-related AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Sun-Jae Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (Y.-I.M.)
| | - Young-In Maeng
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (Y.-I.M.)
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (K.-K.P.)
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (Y.-I.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (K.-K.P.)
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Baek H, Park SY, Ku SJ, Ryu K, Kim Y, Bae H, Lee YS. Bee Venom Phospholipase A2 Induces Regulatory T Cell Populations by Suppressing Apoptotic Signaling Pathway. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030198. [PMID: 32235689 PMCID: PMC7150970 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee venom phospholipase A2 is a lipolytic enzyme in bee venom that catalyzes hydrolysis of the sn-2 ester bond of membrane phospholipids to produce free fatty acid and lysophospholipids. Current evidence suggests that bee venom phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2) induces regulatory T cell expansion and attenuates several immune system-related diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The induction of Treg cells is directly mediated by binding to mannose receptors on dendritic cells. This interaction induces the PGE2-EP2 signaling pathway, which promotes Treg induction in CD4+ T cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of bvPLA2 treatment on the apoptotic signaling pathway in Treg populations. Flow cytometry was performed to identify early apoptotic cells. As a result, early apoptotic cells were dramatically decreased in bvPLA2-treated splenocytes, whereas rapamycin-treated cells showed levels of apoptotic cells similar to those of PBS-treated cells. Furthermore, bvPLA2 treatment increased expression of anti-apoptotic molecules including CTLA-4 and PD-1. The survival rate increased in bvPLA2-treated Tregs. Our findings indicate that bvPLA2-mediated modulation of apoptotic signaling is strongly associated with the Treg induction, which exhibits protective effects against various immune-related diseases. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that bvPLA2 is the major bee venom (BV) compound capable of inducing Treg expansion through altering apoptotic signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjung Baek
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.B.); (S.-Y.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Seon-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.B.); (S.-Y.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Su Jeong Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (S.J.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kihyun Ryu
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.B.); (S.-Y.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Younsub Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (S.J.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (H.B.); (S.-Y.P.); (K.R.)
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Ye-Seul Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea; (S.J.K.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (Y.-S.L.)
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Gu H, Han SM, Park KK. Therapeutic Effects of Apamin as a Bee Venom Component for Non-Neoplastic Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E195. [PMID: 32204567 PMCID: PMC7150898 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee venom is a natural toxin produced by honeybees and plays an important role in defending bee colonies. Bee venom has several kinds of peptides, including melittin, apamin, adolapamine, and mast cell degranulation peptides. Apamin accounts for about 2%-3% dry weight of bee venom and is a peptide neurotoxin that contains 18 amino acid residues that are tightly crosslinked by two disulfide bonds. It is well known for its pharmacological functions, which irreversibly block Ca2+-activated K+ (SK) channels. Apamin regulates gene expression in various signal transduction pathways involved in cell development. The aim of this study was to review the current understanding of apamin in the treatment of apoptosis, fibrosis, and central nervous system diseases, which are the pathological processes of various diseases. Apamin's potential therapeutic and pharmacological applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Sang Mi Han
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, Jeonjusi, Jeonbuk 54875, Korea;
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Korea;
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Abou Zekry SS, Abdellatif A, Azzazy HM. Fabrication of pomegranate/honey nanofibers for use as antibacterial wound dressings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wndm.2020.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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A Case Report of a Patient with Miller Fisher Syndrome Treated with Traditional Korean Medicine. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.13045/jar.2018.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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13
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Gu H, Kim WH, An HJ, Kim JY, Gwon MG, Han SM, Leem J, Park KK. Therapeutic effects of bee venom on experimental atopic dermatitis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3711-3718. [PMID: 30132547 PMCID: PMC6131226 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin inflammatory disease characterized by recurrent eczema and itching. It is caused by a poorly controlled immune response and damage to the skin barrier. Purified bee venom (BV) is a natural toxin produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.), and is well known for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-cancer effects against various types of disease. However, treatment strategies based on anti-inflammatory properties have not been adequately studied in AD. Thus, the present study examined the progression of AD-like skin lesions induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and the mechanism of action of BV. BV, administered by intraperitoneal inoculation, was observed to reduce the symptoms of AD, in addition to the serum immunoglobulin E levels, according to dorsal skin thickness and histopathologic analysis. The treatment also inhibited the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells. These results suggested that it is possible to develop novel AD alternative therapy using BV by effectively suppressing allergic skin inflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Hae Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin An
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Gyeong Gwon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Han
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Ye Y, Wang XR, Lin LT, Xiao LY, Zhou P, Shi GX, Liu CZ. Bee venom therapy: Potential mechanisms and therapeutic applications. Toxicon 2018; 148:64-73. [PMID: 29654868 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bee venom is a very complex mixture of natural products extracted from honey bee which contains various pharmaceutical properties such as peptides, enzymes, biologically active amines and nonpeptide components. The use of bee venom into the specific points is so called bee venom therapy, which is widely used as a complementary and alternative therapy for 3000 years. A growing number of evidence has demonstrated the anti-inflammation, the anti-apoptosis, the anti-fibrosis and the anti-arthrosclerosis effects of bee venom therapy. With these pharmaceutical characteristics, bee venom therapy has also been used as the therapeutic method in treating rheumatoid arthritis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, liver fibrosis, atherosclerosis, pain and others. Although widely used, several cases still reported that bee venom therapy might cause some adverse effects, such as local itching or swelling. In this review, we summarize its potential mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and discuss its existing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Fangxingyuan 1st Block, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Xue-Rui Wang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Fangxingyuan 1st Block, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Li-Ting Lin
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Ling-Yong Xiao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Fangxingyuan 1st Block, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Guang-Xia Shi
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Cun-Zhi Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Fangxingyuan 1st Block, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100078, China.
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Cheon SY, Chung KS, Roh SS, Cha YY, An HJ. Bee Venom Suppresses the Differentiation of Preadipocytes and High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity by Inhibiting Adipogenesis. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 10:toxins10010009. [PMID: 29295544 PMCID: PMC5793096 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee venom (BV) has been widely used in the treatment of certain immune-related diseases. It has been used for pain relief and in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. Despite its extensive use, there is little documented evidence to demonstrate its medicinal utility against obesity. In this study, we demonstrated the inhibitory effects of BV on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells and on a high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model through the inhibition of adipogenesis. BV inhibited lipid accumulation, visualized by Oil Red O staining, without cytotoxicity in the 3T3-L1 cells. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a HFD or a control diet for 8 weeks, and BV (0.1 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg) or saline was injected during the last 4 weeks. BV-treated mice showed a reduced body weight gain. BV was shown to inhibit adipogenesis by downregulating the expression of the transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. BV induced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) in the cell line and in obese mice. These findings demonstrate that BV mediates anti-obesity/differentiation effects by suppressing obesity-related transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Yun Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sang-ji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Catholic Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Seong-Soo Roh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Hanny University, Suseong-gu, Deagu 42158, Korea.
| | - Yun-Yeop Cha
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine and Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Sang-ji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Korea.
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sang-ji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Korea.
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Sun Y, Han M, Shen Z, Huang H, Miao X. Anti-hypertensive and cardioprotective effects of a novel apitherapy formulation via upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and -γ in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:213-219. [PMID: 29472767 PMCID: PMC5816011 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventricular remodeling is associated with many heart diseases, and ventricular remodeling induced by hypertension can be fatal independent of hypertension. In this study, we prepared a novel apitherapy formulation, designated Bao-Yuan-Ling (BYL), which contained propolis, royal jelly, and bee venom, to treat spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs). We then evaluated the pharmacology of BYL and the potential mechanisms through which BYL affects hypertension and ventricular remodeling. We found that BYL treatment could reduce blood pressure in SHRs. Thereafter, we found that BYL treatment reduced serum levels of angiotensin II, endothelin 1, and transforming growth factor-β and improved the myocardial structure. Moreover, the results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that BYL treatment could upregulate the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and PPAR-γ. Thus, we could conclude that BYL had hypotensive and cardioprotective effects in SHRs, potentially through improvement of myocardial energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Sun
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China.,College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Mingfeng Han
- National United Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biological Toxins, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Zhenhuang Shen
- National United Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biological Toxins, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Haibo Huang
- National United Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biological Toxins, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Miao
- College of Bee Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China.,National United Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biological Toxins, Fuzhou 350000, China
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Chung HJ, Lee J, Shin JS, Kim MR, Koh W, Kim MJ, Lee JW, Kim EJ, Lee IH, Kim WK, Lee YJ, Lee SK, Ha IH. In Vitro and In Vivo Anti-Allergic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of eBV, a Newly Developed Derivative of Bee Venom, through Modulation of IRF3 Signaling Pathway in a Carrageenan-Induced Edema Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168120. [PMID: 27930719 PMCID: PMC5145209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bee venom (BV), a type of toxin extracted from honeybees (Apis mellifera), has been empirically and widely used to treat inflammatory diseases throughout Asia. Essential BV (eBV) was developed by removing phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and histamine to lower occurrence of allergic reaction. This study investigated the anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities of eBV in vitro and in vivo and its underlying mechanism of action. METHODS The anti-inflammatory potential of eBV was assessed in vivo using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model. To further investigate the mechanism by which eBV exerts anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects, compound 48/80-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells were studied in vitro. RESULTS Release of β-hexosaminidase and histamine was increased by eBV in a dose-dependent manner, but these levels were lower in eBV compared to original BV at the same concentration. In addition, eBV suppressed compound 48/80-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in RBL-2H3 cells. eBV was also shown to suppress nitric oxide (NO) production by down-regulating mRNA expression and subsequent protein expression of inflammatory mediators in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Phosphorylation of activators and signal transducers of transcription 1/interferon regulatory factor 3 (STAT1/IRF3) was attenuated by eBV treatment. eBV significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced acute edema in vivo. Serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), TNF-α, and IL-1β were also down-regulated by eBV. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that eBV inhibits allergic and inflammatory response by reducing inflammatory mediator production via regulation of the STAT1/IRF3 signaling pathway, suggesting that eBV is a feasible candidate for regulation of allergic-inflammatory response in complementary and alternative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Jin Chung
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Shik Shin
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Me-riong Kim
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonil Koh
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-woong Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jee Kim
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hee Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oh NS, Koh JH, Park MR, Kim Y, Kim SH. Short communication: Hypolipidemic and antiinflammatory effects of fermented Maillard reaction products by Lactobacillus fermentum H9 in an animal model. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9415-9423. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Over recent decades, the options available to patients for cosmetic rejuvenation have expanded dramatically. The range of options commonly available to patients now includes neuromodulators, fillers, sclerotherapy, chemical peels, liposculpture, lasers, and lights and other energy devices and continues to grow. As with all therapeutic interventions, these cosmetic dermatologic procedures are not without risk. Timely recognition of complications and intervention are paramount for optimal patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE Part 1 of this review will focus on the common complications of injectable cosmetic procedures, such as neuromodulators, fillers, and sclerotherapy. The second part will discuss the complications of chemical peels, lasers, light and energy devices, and fat removal procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS A MEDLINE search was performed on cosmetic dermatology complications from 1989 to 2015, and results are summarized. Practical considerations of these complications are also provided. RESULTS Reports of complications after neuromodulator, injectable hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxylapatite, poly-L-lactic acid, polymethylmethacrylate, sclerotherapy, fat transfer, liposuction, cryolipolysis, chemical peels, lasers, and light sources, such as Q-switched laser, intense pulsed light, nonablative and ablative resurfacing lasers, were found. CONCLUSION Review of the literature revealed multiple management options for potential complications of the multitude of cosmetic dermatology procedures now available to patients.
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The protective effect of bee venom on fibrosis causing inflammatory diseases. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4758-72. [PMID: 26580653 PMCID: PMC4663532 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7114758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bee venom therapy is a treatment modality that may be thousands of years old and involves the application of live bee stings to the patient’s skin or, in more recent years, the injection of bee venom into the skin with a hypodermic needle. Studies have proven the effectiveness of bee venom in treating pathological conditions such as arthritis, pain and cancerous tumors. However, there has not been sufficient review to fully elucidate the cellular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory effects of bee venom and its components. In this respect, the present study reviews current understanding of the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory properties of bee venom and its components in the treatment of liver fibrosis, atherosclerosis and skin disease.
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KIM JUNGYEON, LEE WOORAM, KIM KYUNGHYUN, AN HYUNJIN, CHANG YOUNGCHAE, HAN SANGMI, PARK YOONYUB, PAK SOKCHEON, PARK KWANKYU. Effects of bee venom against Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammation in human keratinocytes and monocytes. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1651-6. [PMID: 25872535 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Apamin inhibits PDGF-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration through suppressions of activated Akt and Erk signaling pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 70:8-14. [PMID: 25737404 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The increased proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are key process in the development of atherosclerosis lesions. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) initiates a multitude of biological effects that contribute to VSMC proliferation and migration. Apamin, a component of bee venom, has been known to block the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels. However, the effects of apamin in the regulation PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration has not been identified. In this study, we investigate the inhibitory effect of apamin on PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration. Apamin suppressed the PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and migration with no apparent cytotoxic effect. In accordance with these findings, apamin induced the arrest of cell cycle progression at G0/G1 phase. Apamin also decreased the expressions of G0/G1 specific regulatory proteins including proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) 4, cyclin E and CDK2, as well as increased the expression of p21(Cip1) in PDGF-BB-induced VSMC. Moreover, apamin inhibited PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2. These results suggest that apamin plays an important role in prevention of vascular proliferation and migration through the G0/G1 cell cycle arrest by PDGF signaling pathway. Thus, apamin may be a promising candidate for the therapy of atherosclerosis.
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An HJ, Lee WR, Kim KH, Kim JY, Lee SJ, Han SM, Lee KG, Lee CK, Park KK. Inhibitory effects of bee venom on Propionibacterium acnes-induced inflammatory skin disease in an animal model. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1341-8. [PMID: 25215662 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major contributing factor to the inflammatory component of acne. The many prescription medications for acne allow for a large number of potential combination treatments. However, several antibiotics, apart from their antibacterial effects, exert side‑effects, such as the suppression of host inflammatory responses. Purified bee venom (BV) is a natural toxin produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). BV has been widely used as a traditional medicine for various diseases. In the present study, to investigate the therapeutic effects of BV against P. acnes-induced inflammatory skin disease, P. acnes was intradermally injected into the ears of mice. After the injection, BV was applied to the skin surface of the right ear. Histological observation revealed that P. acnes induced a considerable increase in the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells. However, treatment with BV markedly reduced these reactions compared with the P. acnes-injected mice not treated with BV. Moreover, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β were significantly reduced in the BV-treated mice compared with the untreated P. acnes-injected mice. In addition, treatment with BV significantly inhibited Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and CD14 expression in P. acnes-injected tissue. The binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein (AP)-1 was markedly suppressed following treatment with BV. The results from our study, using an animal model, indicate that BV exerts an inhibitory effect on inflammatory skin diseases. In conclusion, our data indicate that BV has potential for use as an anti-acne agent and may be useful in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin An
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Ram Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Jae Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Han
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Gill Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kee Lee
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Rai S, Kamat PK, Nath C, Shukla R. Glial Activation and Synaptic Neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease: A Focus on Neuroinflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2014.286.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Han SM, Lee KG, Pak SC. Effects of cosmetics containing purified honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) venom on acne vulgaris. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2014; 11:320-6. [PMID: 24063779 DOI: 10.3736/jintegrmed2013043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acne vulgaris is a chronic dermatologic problem with multiple factors involved in its pathogenesis. Alternative solutions to acne treatment were instigated by antibiotic resistance despite of its extensive use. Purified bee venom (PBV) has been proposed as a promising candidate for that purpose. The present study was designed to confirm the antibacterial effect of PBV and access the efficacy of cosmetics containing PBV in subjects with acne vulgaris. METHODS The skin bacterium Propionibacterium acnes was incubated with PBV at various concentrations and bacterial growth was evaluated using the colony forming unit (CFU) assay. The mechanism of PBV employed in killing P. acnes was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, a total of 12 subjects were randomized in a double-blind, controlled trial to receive either cosmetics containing PBV or cosmetics without PBV for two weeks. Evaluations included lesion counts and skin microorganism. RESULTS PBV exhibited antimicrobial activity in a concentration-dependent manner, reducing the number of P. acnes CFU by approximately 6 logs at a concentration of 0.5 mg. When PBV concentration was higher than 1.0 mg, no P. acnes colonies were spotted on an agar. TEM and SEM of untreated P. acnes illustrated the normal pleomorphic structure, whereas the PBV-treated bacterium lost the integrity of surface architecture. Significant difference (P=0.027) in the grading levels based on numbers of lesion counts for inflammatory and noninflammatory was observed in favour of the PBV group compared with the control group. In terms of average decrement of skin microorganism, subjects receiving cosmetics containing PBV experienced a significant 57.5% decrease of adenosine triphosphate levels, whereas participants receiving cosmetics without PBV experienced a nonsignificant decrease of 4.7%. CONCLUSION These results show that the in vitro actions of antimicrobial activity of PBV were translated in vivo. Cosmetics containing PBV provided a certain degree of efficacy in terms of lesion counts and skin microorganism concentration compared with cosmetics without PBV in subjects with acne vulgaris. PBV may be a good candidate compound for developing therapeutic drug for the treatment of acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Han
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon 441-100, Korea; E-mail:
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Kim SJ, Park JH, Kim KH, Lee WR, An HJ, Min BK, Han SM, Kim KS, Park KK. Apamin inhibits THP-1-derived macrophage apoptosis via mitochondria-related apoptotic pathway. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 93:129-34. [PMID: 22537544 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Han SM, Lee KG, Park KK, Pak SC. Skin sensitization study of bee venom (Apis mellifera L.) in guinea pigs and rats. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2012; 32:27-30. [PMID: 22813357 DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2012.698402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bee venom (Apis mellifera L., BV) possessing a rich source of pharmacologically active substances has the potential to be used as a cosmetic ingredient for antiaging, antiinflammatory and antibacterial functions. The aim of this study was to assess the skin sensitization of BV on experimental animals using the Buehler test. MATERIALS AND METHODS Guinea pigs were randomly allocated into three groups of BV-sensitization, positive control-sensitization, and ethyl alcohol-sensitization group for induction and challenge. On the other hand, two groups of rats were administered with BV at doses of 0 and 1500 mg/kg. Clinical signs, mortality and body weight changes were continually monitored during the study period. RESULTS No treatment-related clinical signs or body weight changes were observed in both animal models. The average skin reaction evaluated by erythema and edema on the challenge sites, and sensitization rate in the BV-sensitization group of guinea pigs were substantially low compared with those in positive control group, representing a negligible sensitizing potential of BV. CONCLUSION It was concluded that BV was well tolerated and exhibited no dermal irritation potential in guinea pigs and rats. Our findings may provide a developmental basis of BV for a cosmetic ingredient or external application for topical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Han
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Suwon, Korea
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The Protective Effect of Apamin on LPS/Fat-Induced Atherosclerotic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:305454. [PMID: 22645626 PMCID: PMC3357006 DOI: 10.1155/2012/305454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Apamin, a peptide component of bee venom (BV), has anti-inflammatory properties. However, the molecular mechanisms by which apamin prevents atherosclerosis are not fully understood. We examined the effect of apamin on atherosclerotic mice. Atherosclerotic mice received intraperitoneal (ip) injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2 mg/kg) to induce atherosclerotic change and were fed an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. Apamin (0.05 mg/kg) was administered by ip injection. LPS-induced THP-1-derived macrophage inflammation treated with apamin reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, and intracellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, as well as the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Apamin decreased the formation of atherosclerotic lesions as assessed by hematoxylin and elastic staining. Treatment with apamin reduced lipids, Ca(2+) levels, and TNF-α in the serum from atherosclerotic mice. Further, apamin significantly attenuated expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, TGF-β1, and fibronectin in the descending aorta from atherosclerotic mice. These results indicate that apamin plays an important role in monocyte/macrophage inflammatory processing and may be of potential value for preventing atherosclerosis.
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Abstract
Acute hepatic failure remains an extremely poor prognosis and still results in high mortality. Therefore, better treatment is urgently needed. Melittin, a major component of bee venom, is known to inhibit inflammatory reactions induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in various cell types. However, there is no evidence of the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of melittin on liver cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of melittin on D: -galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute hepatic failure. Acute liver injury was induced with GalN/LPS to determine in vivo efficacy of melittin. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: sterile saline treated group (NC), melittin only treated group (NM), GalN/LPS-treated group (GalN/LPS), and GalN/LPS treated with melittin group (M+GalN/LPS). Mice were given intraperitoneal GalN/LPS with or without melittin treatment. Liver injury was assessed biochemically and histologically. Inflammatory cytokines in the serum, apoptosis of hepatocytes, and cleavage of caspase-3 in the liver were determined. The expression of TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-1β were increased in the GalN/LPS group. However, treatment of melittin attenuated the increase of inflammatory cytokines. The M+GalN/LPS group showed significantly fewer apoptotic cells compared to the GalN/LPS group. Melittin significantly inhibited the expression of caspase and bax protein levels as well as cytochrome c release in vivo. In addition, melittin prevented the activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) induced by GalN/LPS. These results clearly indicate that melittin provided protection against GalN/LPS-induced acute hepatic failure through the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis.
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Florea A, Crăciun C. Bee (Apis mellifera) venom produced toxic effects of higher amplitude in rat thoracic aorta than in skeletal muscle--an ultrastructural study. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2012; 18:304-316. [PMID: 22436333 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927611012876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, changes produced in aorta and triceps surae muscle of Wistar rats as response to bee venom (BV) envenomation were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and morphometry. A subchronic treatment of 30 days with daily doses of 700 μg BV/kg and an acute-lethal treatment with a single dose of 62 mg BV/kg were performed. The subchronic treatment resulted in endothelial cell retraction, a thicker subendothelial layer, and thinner elastic laminae and musculoelastic layers in aorta, and thicker endothelium and basal laminae in skeletal muscle. In both tissues polymorphous, swollen mitochondria with disrupted cristae were observed. The acute treatment produced extensive endothelial lesions, breakdown of the collagen layer and migration of muscle cells toward the intima in the aorta, and dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum in the skeletal muscle cells. Mitochondria were almost devoid of cristae or with few circular cristae in the smooth muscle cells while most of the mitochondria presented abnormal circular cristae in the skeletal muscle cells. Degenerative alterations in the aorta were of higher intensity in our experiments-both the intima and media strongly responded to BV, in contrast to those found at the level of the skeletal muscle cells where a moderate degenerative myopathy was recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Florea
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Doo AR, Kim SN, Kim ST, Park JY, Chung SH, Choe BY, Chae Y, Lee H, Yin CS, Park HJ. Bee venom protects SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced apoptotic cell death. Brain Res 2012; 1429:106-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Han S, Lee K, Yeo J, Oh B, Kim B, Lee W, Baek H, Kim S, Hwang S, Pak S. Effects of honeybee venom supplementation in drinking water on growth performance of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2010; 89:2396-400. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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