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Prajapati A, Mehan S, Khan Z, Chhabra S, Das Gupta G. Purmorphamine, a Smo-Shh/Gli Activator, Promotes Sonic Hedgehog-Mediated Neurogenesis and Restores Behavioural and Neurochemical Deficits in Experimental Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1556-1576. [PMID: 38160216 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04082-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a pathological condition characterized by the demyelination of nerve fibers, primarily attributed to the destruction of oligodendrocytes and subsequent motor neuron impairment. Ethidium bromide (EB) is a neurotoxic compound that induces neuronal degeneration, resulting in demyelination and symptoms resembling those observed in experimental animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS). The neurotoxic effects induced by EB in multiple sclerosis (MS) are distinguished by the death of oligodendrocytes, degradation of myelin basic protein (MBP), and deterioration of axons. Neurological complications related to MS have been linked to alterations in the signaling pathway known as smo-shh. Purmorphine (PUR) is a semi-synthetic compound that exhibits potent Smo-shh agonistic activity. It possesses various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuromodulatory effects. Hence, the current investigation was conducted to assess the neuroprotective efficacy of PUR (at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally) both individually and in conjunction with Fingolimod (FING) (at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally) in the experimental model of MS induced by EB. The administration of EB was conducted via the intracerebropeduncle route (ICP) over a period of seven days in the brain of rats. The Wistar rats were allocated into six groups using randomization, each consisting of eight rats (n = 8 per group). The experimental groups in this study were categorized as follows: (I) Sham Control, (II) Vehicle Control, (III) PUR per se, (IV) EB, (V) EB + PUR5, (VI) EB + PUR10, (VII) EB + FING 0.5, and (VIII) EB + PUR10 + FING 0.5. On the final day of the experimental timeline, all animal subjects were euthanized, and subsequent neurochemical estimations were conducted on cerebrospinal fluid, blood plasma, and brain tissue samples. In addition, we conducted neurofilament (NFL) analysis and histopathological examination. We utilized the luxol myelin stain to understand better the degeneration associated with MS and its associated neurological complications. The findings of our study indicate that the activation of SMO-Shh by PUR has a mitigating effect on neurobehavioral impairments induced by EB, as well as a restorative effect on cellular and neurotransmitter abnormalities in an experimental model of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Prajapati
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India.
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), NAAC Accredited "A" Grade College, GT Road, Ghal-Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
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2
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Chhabra S, Mehan S, Khan Z, Gupta GD, Narula AS. Matrine mediated neuroprotective potential in experimental multiple sclerosis: Evidence from CSF, blood markers, brain samples and in-silico investigations. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 384:578200. [PMID: 37774554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating, inflammatory, and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Around 2.8 million people worldwide are affected by MS due to its challenging diagnosis and treatment. Our study investigates the role of the JAK/STAT and PPAR-gamma signaling pathways in the progression of multiple sclerosis. Inflammation and demyelination can be caused by dysregulation of these pathways. Modulating the STAT-3, mTOR, and PPAR-gamma signaling pathways may offer therapeutic potential for multiple sclerosis. Matrine (40 and 80 mg/kg, i.p.), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from Sophora flavescens, has been investigated for its therapeutic potential in our laboratory. Matrine has been studied for its neuroprotective effect in neurodegenerative diseases. It inhibits inflammatory responses and promotes regeneration of damaged myelin sheaths, indicating its potential efficacy in treating multiple sclerosis. Matrine exerts its neuroprotective effect by inhibiting STAT-3 and mTOR and promoting PPAR-gamma expression.GW9662, a PPAR-gamma antagonist (2 mg/kg, i.p.), was administered to evaluate the involvement of PPAR-gamma and to compare the efficacy of matrine's potential neuroprotective effect. Matrine's interaction with the STAT-3, mTOR, and PPAR-gamma pathways in multiple Sclerosis was also validated and confirmed through insilico investigation. In addition, matrine altered the CBC profile, intensifying the clinical presentation of multiple sclerosis. In addition, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of various biological samples, including CSF, blood plasma, and brain homogenates (striatum, cortex, hippocampus, and midbrain). These samples were used to evaluate the neurochemical changes caused by neurobehavioral alterations during the progression of multiple sclerosis. These results indicate that matrine treatment ameliorated multiple sclerosis and that the mechanism underlying these effects may be closely related to the modulation of the STAT-3/mTOR/PPAR-gamma signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
| | - Zuber Khan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Acharan S Narula
- Narula Research, LLC, 107 Boulder Bluff, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
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Fathallah S, Abdellatif A, Saadeldin MK. Unleashing nature's potential and limitations: Exploring molecular targeted pathways and safe alternatives for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (Review). MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2023; 3:42. [PMID: 37680650 PMCID: PMC10481116 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2023.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the limitations and obstacles of the available approaches and medications for multiple sclerosis (MS) that still cannot treat the disease, but only aid in accelerating the recovery from its attacks, the use of naturally occurring molecules as a potentially safe and effective treatment for MS is being explored in model organisms. MS is a devastating disease involving the brain and spinal cord, and its symptoms vary widely. Multiple molecular pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. The present review showcases the recent advancements in harnessing nature's resources to combat MS. By deciphering the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, a wealth of potential therapeutic agents is uncovered that may revolutionize the treatment of MS. Thus, a new hope can be envisioned in the future, aiming at paving the way toward identifying novel safe alternatives to improve the lives of patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fathallah
- Biotechnology Program, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdellatif
- Biotechnology Program, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Biology Department, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mona Kamal Saadeldin
- Biotechnology Program, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Biology Department, School of Science and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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4
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Alam MZ. A review on plant-based remedies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2023; 81:775-789. [PMID: 36963654 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease of central nervous system, which is degenerative in nature usually appears between 20-40years of age. The exact cause of MS is still not clearly known. Loss of myelin sheath and axonal damage are the main features of MS that causes induction of inflammatory process and blocks free conduction of impulses. Till date FDA has approved 18 drugs to treat or modify MS symptoms. These medicines are disease-modifying in nature directed to prevent relapses or slow down the progression of disease. The use of the synthetic drug over an extended period causes undesirable effects that prompt us to look at Mother Nature. Complementary and alternative medicine involves the use of medicinal plants as an alternative to the existing modern medical treatment. However, modern drugs cannot be replaced completely with medicinal plants, but the two types of drugs can be used harmoniously with later one can be added as an adjuvant to the existing treatment. These medicinal plants have the potential to prevent progression and improve the symptoms of MS. Various plants such like Nigella sativa, ginger, saffron, pomegranate, curcumin, resveratrol, ginsenoside have been tested as therapeutics for many neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this write-up is to make information available about medicinal plants in their potential to treat or modify the symptoms of MS. Chronically ill patients tend to seek medicinal plants as they are easily available and there is a general perception about these medicines of having fewer undesirable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zubair Alam
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Chhabra S, Mehan S. Matrine exerts its neuroprotective effects by modulating multiple neuronal pathways. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1471-1499. [PMID: 37103719 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that misfolding, clumping, and accumulation of proteins in the brain may be common causes and pathogenic mechanism for several neurological illnesses. This causes neuronal structural deterioration and disruption of neural circuits. Research from various fields supports this idea, indicating that developing a single treatment for several severe conditions might be possible. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants play an essential part in maintaining the brain's chemical equilibrium by affecting the proximity of neurons. Matrine is a tetracyclo-quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the plant Sophora flavescens Aiton. Matrine has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and various other neurological disorders. Numerous studies have demonstrated that matrine protects neurons by altering multiple signalling pathways and crossing the blood-brain barrier. As a result, matrine may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of a variety of neurocomplications. This work aims to serve as a foundation for future clinical research by reviewing the current state of matrine as a neuroprotective agent and its potential therapeutic application in treating neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Future research will answer many concerns and lead to fascinating discoveries that could impact other aspects of matrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Matrine inhibits the Wnt3a/β-catenin/TCF7L2 signaling pathway in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 367:577876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Zhang S, Gui X, Ding Y, Tong H, Ju W, Li Y, Li Z, Zeng L, Xu K, Qiao J. Matrine Impairs Platelet Function and Thrombosis and Inhibits ROS Production. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:717725. [PMID: 34366869 PMCID: PMC8339414 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.717725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine is a naturally occurring alkaloid and possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether it affects platelet function and thrombosis remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effect of matrine on platelet function and thrombus formation. Human platelets were treated with matrine (0–1 mg/ml) for 1 h at 37°C followed by measuring platelet aggregation, granule secretion, receptor expression by flow cytometry, spreading and clot retraction. In addition, matrine (10 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into mice to measure tail bleeding time, arterial and venous thrombus formation. Matrine dose-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation and ATP release in response to either collagen-related peptide (Collagen-related peptide, 0.1 μg/ml) or thrombin (0.04 U/mL) stimulation without altering the expression of P-selectin, glycoprotein Ibα, GPVI, or αIIbβ3. In addition, matrine-treated platelets presented significantly decreased spreading on fibrinogen or collagen and clot retraction along with reduced phosphorylation of c-Src. Moreover, matrine administration significantly impaired the in vivo hemostatic function of platelets, arterial and venous thrombus formation. Furthermore, in platelets stimulated with CRP or thrombin, matrine significantly reduced Reactive oxygen species generation, inhibited the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), p38 (Thr180/Tyr182) and AKT (Thr308/Ser473) as well as increased VASP phosphorylation (Ser239) and intracellular cGMP level. In conclusion, matrine inhibits platelet function, arterial and venous thrombosis, possibly involving inhibition of ROS generation, suggesting that matrine might be used as an antiplatelet agent for treating thrombotic or cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixuan Zhang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiang Gui
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Ding
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huan Tong
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wen Ju
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Zeng
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, China.,School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Qiao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Stem Cell, Xuzhou, China
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8
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Matrine treatment induced an A2 astrocyte phenotype and protected the blood-brain barrier in CNS autoimmunity. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 117:102004. [PMID: 34280490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.102004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 astrocytes (A1), which are highly proinflammatory and neurotoxic, are prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, in MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), immune cells must cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and infiltrate into the parenchyma of the central nervous system (CNS) in order to induce neurological deficits. We have previously reported that treatment of EAE with matrine (MAT), a quinazine alkaloid derived from Sophorae Flavescens, effectively inhibited CNS inflammation and promoted neuroregeneration. However, the impact of MAT treatment on astrocyte phenotype is not known. In the present study, we showed that MAT treatment inhibited the generation of neurotoxic A1 astrocytes and promoted neuroprotective A2 astrocytes in the CNS of EAE, most likely by inhibiting production of the A1-inducing cytokine cocktail. MAT also downregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and upregulated tight junction proteins Claudin 5 and Occludin, thus protecting the BBB from CNS inflammation-induced damage. Moreover, MAT treatment promotes the formation of astrocyte tight junctions at glia limitans, thereby limiting parenchymal invasion of the CNS by immune cells. Taken together, the inhibition of A1 astrogliogenesis, and the dual effects on the BBB and astrocytic glia limitans, may be the mechanisms whereby MAT significantly improves EAE clinical scores and neuroprotection.
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9
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Bioactive natural products against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: A pharmacokinetics review. PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/phypha.26.4.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Modulation of the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in the CNS by matrine in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 352:577480. [PMID: 33493985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory mediator high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-induced signaling pathway has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Matrine (MAT), a quinolizidine alkaloid component derived from the root of Sophorae flavescens, has the capacity to effectively suppress EAE. However, the impact of MAT treatment on HMGB1-induced signaling is not known. In the present study, we show that MAT treatment alleviated disease severity of ongoing EAE, reduced inflammatory infiltration and demyelination, and reduced the production of inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in the CNS. Moreover, MAT administration significantly reduced the protein and RNA expression of HMGB1 and TLR4 in the spinal cord, particularly in astrocytes and microglia/infiltrating macrophages. The expression of MyD88 and TRAF6, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, was also down-regulated after MAT treatment. In contrast, the level of IκB-α, an inhibitory molecule for NF-κB activation, was significantly increased. Furthermore, the direct inhibitory effect of MAT on HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling in macrophages was further confirmed in vitro. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that MAT treatment alleviated CNS inflammatory demyelination and activation of astrocytes and microglia/macrophages in EAE rats, and that the mechanism underlying these effects may be closely related to modulation of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Chen J, Liu X, Zhong Y. Interleukin-17A: The Key Cytokine in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:566922. [PMID: 33132897 PMCID: PMC7550684 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.566922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the loss of neurons and/or myelin sheath, which deteriorate over time and cause dysfunction. Interleukin 17A is the signature cytokine of a subset of CD4+ helper T cells known as Th17 cells, and the IL-17 cytokine family contains six cytokines and five receptors. Recently, several studies have suggested a pivotal role for the interleukin-17A (IL-17A) cytokine family in human inflammatory or autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative diseases, including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and glaucoma. Studies in recent years have shown that the mechanism of action of IL-17A is more subtle than simply causing inflammation. Although the specific mechanism of IL-17A in neurodegenerative diseases is still controversial, it is generally accepted now that IL-17A causes diseases by activating glial cells. In this review article, we will focus on the function of IL-17A, in particular the proposed roles of IL-17A, in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjue Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Quinolizidine alkaloids derivatives from Sophora alopecuroides Linn: Bioactivities, structure-activity relationships and preliminary molecular mechanisms. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:111972. [PMID: 31884408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Quinolizidine alkaloids, as essential active ingredients extracted from Sophora alopecuroides Linn, have been well concerned in the past several decades owing to the unique structural features and numerous pharmacological activities. Quinolizidine alkaloids consist of matrine, oxymatrine, sophoridine, sophocarpine and aloperine etc. Additionally, quinolizidine alkaloids exert various excellent activities, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, anti-virus and anti-arrhythmia regulations. In this review, we comprehensively clarify the pharmacological activities of quinolizidine alkaloids, as well as the relationship between biological function and structure-activity of substituted quinolizidine alkaloids. We believe that biological agents based on the pharmacological functions of quinolizidine alkaloids could be well applied in clinical practice.
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13
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Mohtashami L, Shakeri A, Javadi B. Neuroprotective natural products against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: A review. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Zhang B, Wang X, Li Y, Wu M, Wang SY, Li S. Matrine Is Identified as a Novel Macropinocytosis Inducer by a Network Target Approach. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:10. [PMID: 29434546 PMCID: PMC5790780 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Comprehensively understanding pharmacological functions of natural products is a key issue to be addressed for the discovery of new drugs. Unlike some single-target drugs, natural products always exert diverse therapeutic effects through acting on a "network" that consists of multiple targets, making it necessary to develop a systematic approach, e.g., network pharmacology, to reveal pharmacological functions of natural products and infer their mechanisms of action. In this work, to identify the "network target" of a natural product, we perform a functional analysis of matrine, a marketed drug in China extracted from a medical herb Ku-Shen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis). Here, the network target of matrine was firstly predicted by drugCIPHER, a genome-wide target prediction method. Based on the network target of matrine, we performed a functional gene set enrichment analysis to computationally identify the potential pharmacological functions of matrine, most of which are supported by the literature evidence, including neurotoxicity and neuropharmacological activities of matrine. Furthermore, computational results demonstrated that matrine has the potential for the induction of macropinocytosis and the regulation of ATP metabolism. Our experimental data revealed that the large vesicles induced by matrine are consistent with the typical characteristics of macropinosome. Our verification results also suggested that matrine could decrease cellular ATP level. These findings demonstrated the availability and effectiveness of the network target strategy for identifying the comprehensive pharmacological functions of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, TCM-X Center, Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, TCM-X Center, Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, TCM-X Center, Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Yan Wang
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shao Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, TCM-X Center, Bioinformatics Division, TNLIST, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Zhou BG, Wei CS, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Gao HM. Matrine reversed multidrug resistance of breast cancer MCF-7/ADR cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:3885-3891. [PMID: 29130495 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Matrine is an alkaloid extracted from a Chinese herb Sophora flavescens Ait, and has been used clinically for breast cancer with marked therapeutic efficacy in China. However, the mechanism has not been well known. Thus, the present study was to explore whether Matrine reverses multidrug resistance for breast cancer cells through the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the inhibitory action; Annexin V to detect apoptosis; fluorospectrophotometry to examine intracellular adriamycin (ADR) accumulation; and Western blot to label the proteins of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), MRP1, PTEN, p-AKT, Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-3. Matrine (0-2.5 mg/mL) inhibited MCF-7/ADR cell growth and induced apoptosis (P < 0.01). A total of 0.2 mg/mL Matrine could increase the intracellular concentration of ADR; the accumulation in MCF-7/ADR cells increased 3.56 times. Compared with control group, 0.6, 1.2 mg/mL Matrine reduced protein expressions of P-gp, MRP1, p-AKT, Bcl-2, but increased PTEN, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 gradually, and unchanged caspase-3. Matrine was more likely to reduce the expression of P-gp, MRP1, and p-AKT at the same inhibition radio of Matrine, (0.6 mg/mL) and MK2206 (0.05 μmol/L). Matrine inhibited MCF-7/ADR cell growth, induced apoptosis, and reversed multidrug resistance for breast cancer cells through the regulation of downstream apoptosis factors of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by decreasing cell phosphorylation of AKT level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Gang Zhou
- Department of Tumor Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yinchuan, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Wei
- Department of Breast Cancer Surgery, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Postgraduate School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Postgraduate School, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Huan-Min Gao
- Department of Neurology, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Matrine promotes oligodendrocyte development in CNS autoimmunity through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Life Sci 2017; 180:36-41. [PMID: 28499934 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Matrine (MAT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the herb Radix Sophorae flavescens, has been recently found to be beneficial in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, mainly through its anti-inflammatory effect. In the present study, we tested the effect of MAT on ongoing EAE and defined possible mechanisms underlying its effects on myelination and oligodendrocytes. MAIN METHODS EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice and MAT treatment was started at disease onset. Clinical scores were monitored daily; spinal cords and the corpus callosum brain region of mice were harvested on day 23 p.i. for inflammatory infiltration and demyelination of the central nervous system. Myelin content and the development of oligodendrocytes and their precursors were determined by immunostaining, and expression of p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-PI3K, and p-P70S6 was determined by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS MAT effectively suppressed EAE severity and increased the expression of proteolipid protein, a myelin protein that is a marker of CNS myelin. MAT treatment largely increased the number of mature oligodendrocytes, and significantly activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which is required for oligodendrocyte survival and axon myelination. SIGNIFICANCE These findings demonstrate a beneficial effect of MAT on oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination during EAE, most likely through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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17
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Matrine promotes NT3 expression in CNS cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Neurosci Lett 2017; 649:100-106. [PMID: 28392360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophin 3 (NT3) is a potent neurotrophic factor for promoting remyelination and recovery of neuronal function; upregulation of its expression in the central nervous system (CNS) is thus of major therapeutic importance for neurological deficits. Matrine (MAT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the herb Radix Sophorae Flavescent, has been recently reported to effectively ameliorate clinical signs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), by secreting antiinflammatory cytokines. In the present study, our goal was to investigate whether MAT could affect NT3 expression of glial cells in the CNS, the major cell populations in the CNS foci of MS/EAE. We found that MAT markedly upregulated NT3 expression in the CNS not only by microglia/macrophages and astrocytes, but also by oligodendrocyte precursor cells, indicative of both paracrine and autocrine effects on myelinating cells. While MAT treatment reduced the numbers of iNOS+ M1, but increased Arg1+ M2 microglia/macrophage phenotypes, NT3 expression was upregulated in both phenotypes. These results indicate that MAT therapy for EAE acts, at least in part, by stimulating local production of NT3 by glial cells in the CNS, which protects neural cells from CNS inflammation-induced tissue damage.
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Zhao X, Zhang X, Lv Y, Xu Y, Li M, Pan Q, Chu Y, Liu N, Zhang GX, Zhu L. Matrine downregulates IL-33/ST2 expression in the central nervous system of rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunol Lett 2016; 178:97-104. [PMID: 27562326 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a recently described member of the IL-1 family and functions as a ligand for ST2, a member of the IL-1 receptor family. The role of IL-33/ST2 axis in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS), remains controversial. Matrine (MAT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the herb Radix Sophorae Flave, has been recently found to suppress clinical EAE and CNS inflammation. However, the underlying immunoregulatory mechanisms have not been fully elucidated, and whether this effect of MAT is through inhibiting the function of the IL-33/ST2 axis is not known. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the therapeutic effects of MAT and IL-33/ST2 expression. MAT treatment successfully attenuated severe clinical deficit and histopathological changes, compared to untreated controls. While IL-33/ST2 mRNA expression was largely increased in spinal cord of EAE rats compared to naïve rats, this expression was significantly inhibited in rats treated with MAT. These results were further confirmed by their protein levels tested with immunohistochemistry. Together, our study demonstrates that MAT treatment regulates the inflammatory IL-33/ST2 axis, thus being a novel mechanism underlying the effect of MAT.
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MESH Headings
- Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anthelmintics/pharmacology
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Immunohistochemistry
- Interleukin-33/genetics
- Interleukin-33/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Quinolizines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/immunology
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Matrines
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Nutriology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Menglong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanshi Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Nanyang 473000, Henan, China
| | - Qingxia Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yaojuan Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
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Hou Z, Sun G, Guo Y. Linear Quantitative Profiling Method Fast Monitors Alkaloids of Sophora Flavescens That Was Verified by Tri-Marker Analyses. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161146. [PMID: 27529425 PMCID: PMC4987015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrated the use of the Linear Quantitative Profiling Method (LQPM) to evaluate the quality of Alkaloids of Sophora flavescens (ASF) based on chromatographic fingerprints in an accurate, economical and fast way. Both linear qualitative and quantitative similarities were calculated in order to monitor the consistency of the samples. The results indicate that the linear qualitative similarity (LQLS) is not sufficiently discriminating due to the predominant presence of three alkaloid compounds (matrine, sophoridine and oxymatrine) in the test samples; however, the linear quantitative similarity (LQTS) was shown to be able to obviously identify the samples based on the difference in the quantitative content of all the chemical components. In addition, the fingerprint analysis was also supported by the quantitative analysis of three marker compounds. The LQTS was found to be highly correlated to the contents of the marker compounds, indicating that quantitative analysis of the marker compounds may be substituted with the LQPM based on the chromatographic fingerprints for the purpose of quantifying all chemicals of a complex sample system. Furthermore, once reference fingerprint (RFP) developed from a standard preparation in an immediate detection way and the composition similarities calculated out, LQPM could employ the classical mathematical model to effectively quantify the multiple components of ASF samples without any chemical standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei Chemical and Pharmaceutical College, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guoxiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Florham Park, New Jersey, United States of America
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Wu C, Xu Z, Gai R, Huang K. Matrine ameliorates spontaneously developed colitis in interleukin-10-deficient mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:256-262. [PMID: 27179305 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10)-deficient mice spontaneously develop T cell-mediated colitis. Previous reports have shown that Matrine may reduce the symptoms of acute colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). However, whether Matrine impacts chronic colitis remains unknown. In this study, we investigated whether Matrine could limit the symptoms of spontaneously developed colitis and its potential molecular mechanisms. IL-10 deficient mice were given Matrine or a PBS control by oral gavage daily for 4weeks and were euthanized at week 2 or week 4. We measured body weight, colon length and weight, and histological scores. We also evaluated the spontaneous secretion of IL-12/23p40, IFN-γ and IL-17 in colon explant cultures as well as IFN-γ and IL-17 secretion in unseparated mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells, and assessed IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression in colon tissue. In addition, we analyzed the proportions of CD4-positive and CD8-positive cells in unseparated MLN cells. Our results show that Matrine-treated mice exhibited better body weight recovery than controls and that histological scores and spontaneously secreted IL-12/23p40, IFN-γ and IL-17 in colon tissue were significantly decreased in treated mice compared with controls. The proportion of CD4-positive cells of MLNs in treated mice was significantly smaller than that in controls at week 4. Both cytokine production and mRNA expression of IFN-γ and IL-17 were significantly reduced in treated mice compared with controls. Taken together, our results indicate that Matrine may ameliorate spontaneously developed chronic colitis and could be considered as a therapeutic alternative for chronic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Renhua Gai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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21
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Nrf2–ARE pathway: An emerging target against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 157:84-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Kan QC, Pan QX, Zhang XJ, Chu YJ, Liu N, Lv P, Zhang GX, Zhu L. Matrine ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by modulating chemokines and their receptors. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 99:212-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Matrine protects neuro-axon from CNS inflammation-induced injury. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 98:124-30. [PMID: 25576296 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuro-axonal injury in the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the major pathological hallmarks of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Matrine (MAT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the herb Radix Sophorae Flave, has recently been shown to effectively suppress EAE through an anti-inflammatory mechanism. However, whether MAT can also protect myelin/axons from damage is not known. In the present study we show that, while untreated rats developed severe clinical disease, CNS inflammatory demyelination, and axonal damage, these clinical and pathological signs were significantly reduced by MAT treatment. Consistently, MAT treatment reduced the concentration of myelin basic protein in serum and downregulated expression of β-amyloid (Aβ) and B-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) in the CNS. Further, the CNS of MAT-treated rats exhibited increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an important factor for neuronal survival and axonal growth. Together, these results demonstrate that MAT effectively prevented neuro-axonal injury, which can likely be attributed to inhibiting risk factors such as BACE-1 and upregulating neuroprotective factors such as BDNF. We conclude that this novel natural reagent, MAT, which effectively protects neuro-axons from CNS inflammation-induced damage, could be a potential candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as MS.
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Upregulation of immunomodulatory molecules by matrine treatment in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:470-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Gong X, Gao Y, Guo G, Vondran FWR, Schwartlander R, Efimova E, Pless G, Sauera IM, Neuhaus P. Effect of matrine on primary human hepatocytes in vitro. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:255-65. [PMID: 24445680 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine is a bioactive component of the traditional Chinese medical herb Sophora flavescens that has been used in China to treat various kinds of diseases including virus hepatitis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its hepatoprotective effects remains elusive. In the present study, primary human hepatocytes were employed to elucidate the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of matrine. We observed that low concentrations of matrine had no significant impact on albumin secretion, but high concentrations (>140 mg/L) of matrine decreased the albumin secretion in hepatocytes. Western blot data indicated that matrine at 140 mg/L at 72 h induced protein expression of CYP2A6, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4. Furthermore, high concentrations of matrine reduced LDH and AST levels and were cytotoxic to hepatocytes, leading to a decreased cell viability and total protein amount. Moreover, low concentrations of matrine, enhanced the ECOD activity and decreased the level of NO2 (-) induced by cytokines in human hepatocytes. Taken together, the present study sheds novel light on the molecular mechanisms of matrine and potential application of matrine in hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China,
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26
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Inhibitory effect of matrine on blood-brain barrier disruption for the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:736085. [PMID: 24194630 PMCID: PMC3781841 DOI: 10.1155/2013/736085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a primary characteristic of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Matrine (MAT), a quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the herb Radix Sophorae Flave, has been recently found to suppress clinical EAE and CNS inflammation. However, whether this effect of MAT is through protecting the integrity and function of the BBB is not known. In the present study, we show that MAT treatment had a therapeutic effect comparable to dexamethasone (DEX) in EAE rats, with reduced Evans Blue extravasation, increased expression of collagen IV, the major component of the basement membrane, and the structure of tight junction (TJ) adaptor protein Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Furthermore, MAT treatment attenuated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2 (MMP-9/-2), while it increased the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 (TIMP-1/-2). Our findings demonstrate that MAT reduces BBB leakage by strengthening basement membrane, inhibiting activities of MMP-2 and -9, and upregulating their inhibitors. Taken together, our results identify a novel mechanism underlying the effect of MAT, a natural compound that could be a novel therapy for MS.
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27
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Matrine Inhibits Infiltration of the Inflammatory Gr1(hi) Monocyte Subset in Injured Mouse Liver through Inhibition of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:580673. [PMID: 24058371 PMCID: PMC3766592 DOI: 10.1155/2013/580673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrine (Mat) is a major alkaloid extracted from Sophora flavescens Ait, an herb which is used in the traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of inflammation, cancer, and other diseases. The present study examined the impact of Mat on the CCl4-induced hepatic infiltration of Gr1(hi) monocytes to explore the possible mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects. The results indicated that Mat protected mice from acute liver injury induced by single intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 and attenuated liver fibrosis induced by repeated CCl4 injection. Meanwhile, the infiltrations of Gr1(hi) monocytes in both acute and chronic injured livers were all inhibited, and the enhanced hepatic expression of MCP-1 was suppressed. Cellular experiments demonstrated that Mat directly inhibited MCP-1 production in both nonparenchymal cells and hepatic stellate cells derived from CCl4-injured livers. Transwell chemotaxis assays showed that Mat significantly inhibited the chemotactic activity of MCP-1. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of Mat could be contributed, at least in part, to its prevention of Gr1(hi) monocyte infiltration into the injured livers and inhibition of MCP-1 production and activity. These findings extend our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of Mat.
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28
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Shao H, Yang B, Hu R, Wang Y. Matrine effectively inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells through a mechanism related to the NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:517-520. [PMID: 24137358 PMCID: PMC3789031 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine is an alkaloid isolated from Sophora flavescens. The present study aimed to determine whether matrine effectively inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer cells, and the underlying mechanism(s) of its antitumor function. The effects of matrine on the cell viability of ER-positive MCF7 cells, HER2-positive BT-474 cells and highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells were measured using MTT and apoptosis assays. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the expression levels of the inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase β (IKKβ) in cells treated with or without matrine. It was observed that the matrine treatment resulted in the death of the three types of cancer cells, but significantly less toxicity was observed in the control cancer cells. The experimental results also suggested that the antitumor effects of matrine on breast cancer cells may be associated with the downregulation of IKKβ expression by matrine, as indicated by the western blot analysis results. The present results suggested that matrine may be used as an effective drug candidate for treating breast cancers in the future, following further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Shao
- Department of Oncology, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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29
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Kan QC, Zhu L, Liu N, Zhang GX. Matrine suppresses expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines as a mechanism underlying its therapeutic effect in CNS autoimmunity. Immunol Res 2013; 56:189-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Kanwar JR, Sriramoju B, Kanwar RK. Neurological disorders and therapeutics targeted to surmount the blood-brain barrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3259-78. [PMID: 22848160 PMCID: PMC3405884 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s30919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We are now in an aging population, so neurological disorders, particularly the neurodegenerative diseases, are becoming more prevalent in society. As per the epidemiological studies, Europe alone suffers 35% of the burden, indicating an alarming rate of disease progression. Further, treatment for these disorders is a challenging area due to the presence of the tightly regulated blood-brain barrier and its unique ability to protect the brain from xenobiotics. Conventional therapeutics, although effective, remain critically below levels of optimum therapeutic efficacy. Hence, methods to overcome the blood-brain barrier are currently a focus of research. Nanotechnological applications are gaining paramount importance in addressing this question, and yielding some promising results. This review addresses the pathophysiology of the more common neurological disorders and novel drug candidates, along with targeted nanoparticle applications for brain delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, Centre for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Frontier Materials-IFM, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia.
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