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Yan H, Lyu H, Otgon O, Lu J, Peng D, Zhu Y, Jiang J. Five new flavonoids and their pharmacological activities from Iris tenuifolia Pall. Fitoterapia 2024; 176:106022. [PMID: 38772509 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Five new components including two new isoflavones, 5, 7, 2', 3'-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxyisoflavone (1), 5, 7, 2', 3'-tetrahydroxy-8-methoxyisoflavone (2), one flavonol 3, 5, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxy-7, 2'-dimethoxyflavonol (3), one flavanone (2S)-5, 7, 3'-trihydroxy-2'-methoxyflavanone (4), and one flavanonol (2R, 3R)-3, 5, 3', 4'-tetrahydroxy-7, 2'-dimethoxyflavanonol (5), along with nine known flavonoids (6-14) were isolated from under ground parts of Iris tenuifolia Pall. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and HRESIMS data and by comparison of CD spectra with compounds having similar structure. The separated compounds were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activities by DPPH and ABTS. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the compounds were evaluated with the pNPG method, the results indicated flavonoids were potential inhibitors of α-glucosidase. Moreover, in vitro anti-oxidative assay using flow cytometry indicated that compounds 1-5 showed strong oxidation resistance ability on C8D1A cells without affecting the cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Lyu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Oldokh Otgon
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemistry, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, S. Zorig Street 3, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia
| | - Jie Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Peng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People´s Hospital of Yunnan Province, 157 Jinbi Road, Kunming, 650034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianqin Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Long Mian Da Dao, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China.
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Holthaus TA, Kashi M, Cannavale CN, Edwards CG, Aguiñaga S, Walk ADM, Burd NA, Holscher HD, Khan NA. MIND Dietary Pattern Adherence Is Selectively Associated with Cognitive Processing Speed in Middle-Aged Adults. J Nutr 2023; 152:2941-2949. [PMID: 36055774 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most previous work has focused on a single-nutrient, bottom-up approach when examining the influence of diet on neurocognition. Thus, the impact of dietary patterns on cognitive health is underinvestigated. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the relation between different diet indices [i.e., Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND)] and attentional inhibition and neuroelectric function. METHODS We undertook a cross-sectional analysis of adults aged 34.1 ± 6.0 y (n = 207, 116 females) with a BMI of 18.5 to >40 kg/m2 who completed the Dietary History Questionnaire II (DHQII) FFQ (Past Month and Year with Serving Sizes) to assess adherence to different diet quality indices. Attentional inhibition was assessed using a modified Eriksen flanker task during which event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. The amplitude and latency of the P3/P300 ERP were used to index attentional resource allocation and information processing speed, respectively. RESULTS P3 peak latency was inversely associated with greater adherence to the MIND dietary pattern during incongruent flanker trials (∆R2 = 0.02, β = -0.14, P = 0.043) but not during congruent trials. Adherence to the Mediterranean, DASH, and HEI-2015 patterns was not associated with P3 latency (P > 0.05). No associations were observed between the diet indices and attentional inhibition at the behavioral level (i.e., accuracy or reaction time) or P3 amplitude (all P values >0.05). CONCLUSIONS Greater adherence to the MIND diet was selectively associated with faster information processing speed in middle-aged adults with healthy to obese BMI. Further, the influence of the MIND diet for faster information processing speed might be particularly beneficial when cognitive control demands are increased. Future intervention trials testing the effects of consuming a MIND diet on cognitive function are warranted to help inform dietary recommendations for healthy cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tori A Holthaus
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Monica Kashi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Caitlyn G Edwards
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Susan Aguiñaga
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anne D M Walk
- Department of Psychology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.,Beckman Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA
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Exploring the Use of Iris Species: Antioxidant Properties, Phytochemistry, Medicinal and Industrial Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030526. [PMID: 35326175 PMCID: PMC8944787 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Iris from the Iridaceae family consists of more than 262 recognized species. It is an ornamental and medicinal plant widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Iris species convey a long history as valuable traditional drugs with a wide variety of applications in various cultures, having been recorded since medieval times. Currently, Iris spp. still find application in numerous fields, including cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the food industry. Moreover, many of their empirical uses have been validated by in vitro and in vivo studies, showing that Iris spp. exhibit potent antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and anti-microbial properties. Phytochemicals investigations have revealed that the plant extracts are rich in phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids. As such, they constitute a promising lead for seeking new drugs with high susceptibilities towards various health issues, particularly oxidative-stress-related diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc. Herein, we present a literature review of the genus Iris intending to determine the plant’s chemical profile and establish a coherent overview of the biological applications of the plant extracts with reference to their traditional uses.
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Nageen B, Sarfraz I, Rasul A, Hussain G, Rukhsar F, Irshad S, Riaz A, Selamoglu Z, Ali M. Eupatilin: a natural pharmacologically active flavone compound with its wide range applications. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2020; 22:1-16. [PMID: 29973097 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1492565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Eupatilin (5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',6-trimethoxyflavone) is a pharmacologically active flavone which has been isolated from a variety of medicinal plants. Eupatilin is known to possess various pharmacological properties such as anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory. It is speculated that eupatilin could be subjected to structural optimization for the synthesis of derivative analogs to reinforce its efficacy, to minimize toxicity, and to optimize absorption profiles, which will ultimately lead towards potent drug candidates. Although, reported data acclaim multiple pharmacological activities of eupatilin but further experimentations on its molecular mechanism of action are yet mandatory to elucidate full spectrum of its pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Nageen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Physiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Rukhsar
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Somia Irshad
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad (Sub-campus Layyah), Layyah 31200, Pakistan
| | - Ammara Riaz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Campus 51240, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Zhang X, Huang-Fu Z, Lang XY, Chun P, Chi YY, Yuan XY, Wang XG. Pathological and cognitive changes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and comorbid MCI and protective hypoglycemic therapies: a narrative review. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:757-770. [PMID: 31199776 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming a significant health issue worldwide. Many studies support the hypothesis that patients with T2DM have a higher-than-expected incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) than individuals without diabetes. Based on the results from recent studies, MCI might be associated with the effects of T2DM on glucose metabolism and brain atrophy. As a narrative review, we will illuminate pathological and cognitive changes in patients with T2DM and comorbid MCI and protective hypoglycemic therapies. The early abnormal signs of cognition must be elucidated, and extensive investigations are needed to develop improved therapies for use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, P.R. China
| | - Zhao Huang-Fu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Ying Lang
- Dalian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dalian 116021, P.R. China
| | - Pu Chun
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 16044, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Chi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 16044, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ying Yuan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 16044, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, P.R. China
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Pimental PA, O'Hara JB, Jandak JL. Neuropsychologists as primary care providers of cognitive health: A novel comprehensive cognitive wellness service delivery model. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2018; 25:318-326. [PMID: 29781731 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2018.1458505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
By virtue of their extensive knowledge base and specialized training in brain-behavior relationships, neuropsychologists are especially poised to execute a unique broad-based approach to overall cognitive wellness and should be viewed as primary care providers of cognitive health. This article will describe a novel comprehensive cognitive wellness service delivery model including cognitive health, anti-aging, lifelong wellness, and longevity-oriented practices. These practice areas include brain-based cognitive wellness, emotional and spiritually centric exploration, and related multimodality health interventions. As experts in mind-body connections, neuropsychologists can provide a variety of evidence-based treatment options, empowering patients with a sense of value and purpose. Multiple areas of clinical therapy skill-based learning, tailor-made to fit individual needs, will be discussed including: brain stimulating activities, restorative techniques, automatic negative thoughts and maladaptive thinking reduction, inflammation and pain management techniques, nutrition and culinary focused cognitive wellness, spirituality based practices and mindfulness, movement and exercise, alternative/complimentary therapies, relationship restoration/social engagement, and trauma healing/meaning. Cognitive health rests upon the foundation of counteracting mind-body connection disruptions from multiple etiologies including inflammation, chronic stress, metabolic issues, cardiac conditions, autoimmune disease, neurological disorders, infectious diseases, and allergy spectrum disorders. Superimposed on these issues are lifestyle patterns and negative health behaviors that develop as ill-fated compensatory mechanisms used to cope with life stressors and aging. The brain and body are electrical systems that can "short circuit." The therapy practices inherent in the proposed cognitive wellness service delivery model can provide preventative insulation and circuit breaking against the shock of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Pimental
- a Midwestern University , Downers Grove , Illinois , USA.,b Neurobehavioral Medicine Consultants, Ltd , Elmhurst , Illinois , USA
| | - John B O'Hara
- a Midwestern University , Downers Grove , Illinois , USA.,b Neurobehavioral Medicine Consultants, Ltd , Elmhurst , Illinois , USA
| | - Jessica L Jandak
- b Neurobehavioral Medicine Consultants, Ltd , Elmhurst , Illinois , USA
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Jalsrai A, Reinhold A, Becker A. EthanolIris tenuifoliaextract reduces brain damage in a mouse model of cerebral ischaemia. Phytother Res 2017; 32:333-339. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aldarmaa Jalsrai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Technology; Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, and Sports; 17041 Ulaanbaatar Mongolia
| | - Annegret Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine; Otto von Guericke University; Leipziger Strasse 44 39120 Magdeburg Germany
| | - Axel Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine; Otto von Guericke University; Leipziger Strasse 44 39120 Magdeburg Germany
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Jalsrai A, Numakawa T, Kunugi H, Dieterich D, Becker A. The neuroprotective effects and possible mechanism of action of a methanol extract from Asparagus cochinchinensis: In vitro and in vivo studies. Neuroscience 2016; 322:452-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Globally, greater than 30 million individuals are afflicted with disorders of the nervous system accompanied by tens of thousands of new cases annually with limited, if any, treatment options. Erythropoietin (EPO) offers an exciting and novel therapeutic strategy to address both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. EPO governs a number of critical protective and regenerative mechanisms that can impact apoptotic and autophagic programmed cell death pathways through protein kinase B (Akt), sirtuins, mammalian forkhead transcription factors, and wingless signaling. Translation of the cytoprotective pathways of EPO into clinically effective treatments for some neurodegenerative disorders has been promising, but additional work is necessary. In particular, development of new treatments with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents such as EPO brings several important challenges that involve detrimental vascular outcomes and tumorigenesis. Future work that can effectively and safely harness the complexity of the signaling pathways of EPO will be vital for the fruitful treatment of disorders of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101
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10
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Morris MC, Tangney CC, Wang Y, Sacks FM, Barnes LL, Bennett DA, Aggarwal NT. MIND diet slows cognitive decline with aging. Alzheimers Dement 2015; 11:1015-22. [PMID: 26086182 PMCID: PMC4581900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Mediterranean and dash diets have been shown to slow cognitive decline; however, neither diet is specific to the nutrition literature on dementia prevention. METHODS We devised the Mediterranean-Dietary Approach to Systolic Hypertension (DASH) diet intervention for neurodegenerative delay (MIND) diet score that specifically captures dietary components shown to be neuroprotective and related it to change in cognition over an average 4.7 years among 960 participants of the Memory and Aging Project. RESULTS In adjusted mixed models, the MIND score was positively associated with slower decline in global cognitive score (β = 0.0092; P < .0001) and with each of five cognitive domains. The difference in decline rates for being in the top tertile of MIND diet scores versus the lowest was equivalent to being 7.5 years younger in age. DISCUSSION The study findings suggest that the MIND diet substantially slows cognitive decline with age. Replication of these findings in a dietary intervention trial would be required to verify its relevance to brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Clare Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Christy C Tangney
- Department of Clinical Nutrition at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yamin Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Department of Behavioral Sciences at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neelum T Aggarwal
- Department of Neurological Sciences at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Maiese K. FoxO proteins in the nervous system. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:569392. [PMID: 26171319 PMCID: PMC4478359 DOI: 10.1155/2015/569392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute as well as chronic disorders of the nervous system lead to significant morbidity and mortality for millions of individuals globally. Given the ability to govern stem cell proliferation and differentiated cell survival, mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the forkhead box class O (FoxO) are increasingly being identified as potential targets for disorders of the nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and auditory neuronal disease. FoxO proteins are present throughout the body, but they are selectively expressed in the nervous system and have diverse biological functions. The forkhead O class transcription factors interface with an array of signal transduction pathways that include protein kinase B (Akt), serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase (SgK), IκB kinase (IKK), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1), growth factors, and Wnt signaling that can determine the activity and integrity of FoxO proteins. Ultimately, there exists a complex interplay between FoxO proteins and their signal transduction pathways that can significantly impact programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy as well as the development of clinical strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Numakawa T. Possible protective action of neurotrophic factors and natural compounds against common neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:1506-8. [PMID: 25317165 PMCID: PMC4192965 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.139474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that altered levels/function of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play a role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. BDNF positively contributes to neural survival and synapse maintenance via stimulating its high affinity receptor TrkB, making upregulation of BDNF and/or activation of BDNF-related intracellular signaling an attractive approach to treating neurodegenerative diseases. In this short review, I briefly introduce small natural compounds such as flavonoids that successfully increase activation of the BDNF system and discuss their beneficial effects against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Numakawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
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Numakawa T, Richards M, Nakajima S, Adachi N, Furuta M, Odaka H, Kunugi H. The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in comorbid depression: possible linkage with steroid hormones, cytokines, and nutrition. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:136. [PMID: 25309465 PMCID: PMC4175905 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates a connection between growth factor function (including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF), glucocorticoid levels (one of the steroid hormones), and the pathophysiology of depressive disorders. Because both BDNF and glucocorticoids regulate synaptic function in the central nervous system, their functional interaction is of major concern. Interestingly, alterations in levels of estrogen, another steroid hormone, may play a role in depressive-like behavior in postpartum females with fluctuations of BDNF-related molecules in the brain. BDNF and cytokines, which are protein regulators of inflammation, stimulate multiple intracellular signaling cascades involved in neuropsychiatric illness. Pro-inflammatory cytokines may increase vulnerability to depressive symptoms, such as the increased risk observed in patients with cancer and/or autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the possible relationship between inflammation and depression, in addition to the cross-talk among cytokines, BDNF, and steroids. Further, since nutritional status has been shown to affect critical pathways involved in depression through both BDNF function and the monoamine system, we also review current evidence surrounding diet and supplementation (e.g., flavonoids) on BDNF-mediated brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiro Numakawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Misty Richards
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Shingo Nakajima
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Naoki Adachi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Miyako Furuta
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Haruki Odaka
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience , Tokyo , Japan
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