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Gao L, Li YJ, Zhao JM, Liao YX, Qin MC, Li JJ, Shi H, Wong NK, Lyu ZP, Shen JG. Mechanism of Reactive Oxygen/Nitrogen Species in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Preventive Effect of Chinese Medicine. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-3810-9. [PMID: 38941044 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a pathological process involving multiple injury factors and cell types, with different stages. Currently, protective drugs targeting a single condition are limited in efficacy, and interventions on immune cells will also be accompanied by a series of side effects. In the current bottleneck research stage, the multi-target and obvious clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine (CM) is expected to become a breakthrough point in the research and development of new drugs. In this review, we summarize the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in various stages of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and on various types of cells. Combined with the current research progress in reducing ROS/RNS with CM, new therapies and mechanisms for the treatment of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yun-Jia Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital/the First Clinical Medicine School of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia-Min Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yu-Xin Liao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Meng-Chen Qin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jun-Jie Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hao Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- State Key Discipline of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518112, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Lyu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jian-Gang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Wang J, Wu Z, Chen X, Sun Y, Ma S, Weng J, Zhang Y, Dong K, Shao J, Zheng S. Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Scutellaria baicalensis in the Treatment of Liver Fibrosis. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:1326-1340. [PMID: 38616754 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128297074240327090020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria Baicalensis (SB), one of the clinical firstline heat-clearing drugs, has obvious symptomatic advantages for hepatic fibrosis with dampness-heat stasis as its syndrome. We aim to predict and validate the potential mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis active ingredients against liver fibrosis more scientifically and effectively. METHODS The underlying mechanism of Scutellaria baicalensis in inhibiting hepatic fibrosis was studied by applying network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Expression levels of markers in activated Hepatic Stellate Cells (HSC) after administration of three Scutellaria baicalensis extracts were determined by Western blot and Real-time PCR, respectively, in order to verify the anti-fibrosis effect of the active ingredients Results: There are 164 common targets of drugs and diseases screened and 115 signaling pathways obtained, which were mainly associated with protein phosphorylation, senescence and negative regulation of the apoptotic process. Western blot and Real-time PCR showed that Scutellaria baicalensis extracts could reduce the expression of HSC activation markers, and Oroxylin A had the strongest inhibitory effect on it. Molecular docking results showed that Oroxylin A had high binding activity to target proteins. Molecular dynamics simulation demonstrates promising stability of the Oroxylin A-AKT1 complex over the simulated MD time of 200 ns. CONCLUSION Scutellaria baicalensis active ingredients may inhibit HSC proliferation, reduce the generation of pro-inflammatory factors and block the anti-inflammatory effect of inflammatory signal transduction by inducing HSC apoptosis and senescence, thus achieving the effect of anti-fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhuoqing Wu
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuyao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingdan Weng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Keke Dong
- PharmaBlock Sciences (Nanjing), Inc, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Tan YQ, Lin F, Ding YK, Dai S, Liang YX, Zhang YS, Li J, Chen HW. Pharmacological properties of total flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 107:154458. [PMID: 36152591 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scutellaria baicalensis, a medicinal herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family, has been recorded in the Chinese, European, and British Pharmacopoeias. The medicinal properties of this plant are attributed to the total flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis (TFSB), particularly the main component, baicalin. This study provides a systematic and comprehensive list of the identified TFSB components and their chemical structures. The quality control process, pharmacokinetics, clinical application, and safety of Scutellaria baicalensis are discussed, and its pharmacological effect on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is detailed. Finally, the future research trends and prospects of this medicinal plant are provided. METHODS The Chinese and English papers related to TFSB were collected from the PubMed and CNKI databases using the relevant keywords. To highlight the pharmacological mechanism, clinical application, and safety of TFSB, the collected articles were screened and classified based on their research content. RESULTS TFSB contains at least 100 different kinds of flavonoids, of which baicalin, baicalein, wogonin, wogonoside, scutellarin, and scutellarein are the main active ingredients. The preparation process of TFSB is relatively well established, and the extraction rate can be significantly increased by enzymatic pretreatment and ultrasonication. The low oral availability of TFSB may be effectively enhanced using nanoformulations. The available pharmacokinetic data show that flavonoid glycosides and aglycones with the same parent nucleus may be converted to structures that are conducive to absorption in vivo. Moreover, TFSB can protect against CVDs by inhibiting apoptosis, regulating oxidative stress response, participating in inflammatory response, protecting against myocardial fibrosis, inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy, and regulating blood vessels. In terms of clinical application and animal safety, the available studies show that TFSB can be applied in a wide range of clinical treatments and is safe to use is animals. CONCLUSION This article systematically reviews the therapeutic effect and underlying pharmacological mechanism of TFSB against CVDs. The available studies clearly suggest that TFSB has great potential for the treatment of CVDs and is worthy of in-depth research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fei Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453100 Henan, China
| | - Yu-Kun Ding
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shuang Dai
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ying-Xin Liang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou 545007, China
| | - Yun-Shu Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Heng-Wen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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Ganguly R, Gupta A, Pandey AK. Role of baicalin as a potential therapeutic agent in hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal disorders: A review. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:3047-3062. [PMID: 36051349 PMCID: PMC9331529 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i26.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalin is a natural bioactive compound derived from Scutellaria baicalensis, which is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. A literature survey demonstrated the broad spectrum of health benefits of baicalin such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardio-protective, hepatoprotective, renal protective, and neuroprotective properties. Baicalin is hydrolyzed to its metabolite baicalein by the action of gut microbiota, which is further reconverted to baicalin via phase 2 metabolism in the liver. Many studies have suggested that baicalin exhibits therapeutic potential against several types of hepatic disorders including hepatic fibrosis, xenobiotic-induced liver injury, fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, cholestasis, ulcerative colitis, hepatocellular and colorectal cancer. During in vitro and in vivo examinations, it has been observed that baicalin showed a protective role against liver and gut-associated abnormalities by modifying several signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-kappa B, transforming growth factor beta 1/SMAD3, sirtuin 1, p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase/Janus kinase, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinaseβ/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase pathways. Furthermore, baicalin also regulates the expression of fibrotic genes such as smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, β-catenin, and inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-1β, and attenuates the production of apoptotic proteins such as caspase-3, caspase-9 and B-cell lymphoma 2. However, due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability, widespread therapeutic applications of baicalin still remain a challenge. This review summarized the hepatic and gastrointestinal protective attributes of baicalin with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the interaction of baicalin with the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad (Prayagraj) 211002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Tang CY, Lai CC, Huang PH, Yang AH, Chiang SC, Huang PC, Tseng KW, Huang CH. Magnolol reduces myocardial injury induced by renal ischemia and reperfusion. J Chin Med Assoc 2022; 85:584-596. [PMID: 35385419 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnolol is a component of the bark of Magnolia officinalis, which is a traditional herbal remedy used in China. In this study, we investigated whether magnolol can reduce myocardial injury induced by renal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). METHODS Renal I/R was elicited by a 60-minute occlusion of the bilateral renal arteries and a 24-hour reperfusion in Sprague-Dawley rats. Magnolol was administered intravenously 10 minutes before renal I/R to evaluate its effects on myocardial injury induced by renal I/R. RESULTS Renal I/R significantly increased the serum levels of creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cardiac troponin I and caused myocardial damage. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive nuclei and caspase-3 activation was significantly increased in the myocardium, indicating increase of apoptosis. Echocardiography revealed left ventricular dysfunction, as evidenced by reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fractional shortening. Furthermore, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were significantly elevated, while the IL-10 level was suppressed. However, intravenously, pretreatment with magnolol at doses of 0.003 and 0.006 mg/kg 10 minutes before renal I/R significantly prevented the increases of CPK, LDH, and cardiac troponin I levels, as well as the histological damage and the apoptosis in the myocardium. Echocardiography showed significant improvement of left ventricular function. Furthermore, the increases in TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and the decrease in IL-10 were significantly limited, while Bcl-2 was increased and Bax was decreased in the myocardium. Phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 was increased, while phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase was reduced. CONCLUSION Magnolol reduces myocardial injury induced by renal I/R. The underlying mechanisms for this effect might be related to modulation of the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the limiting of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yu Tang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Chi Lai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - An-Han Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Chiung Chiang
- Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Chao Huang
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Wei Tseng
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Hsiung Huang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Zhang D, Wang Q, Qiu X, Chen Y, Yang X, Guan Y. Remifentanil protects heart from myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury via miR-206-3p/TLR4/NF-κB signalling axis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:282-291. [PMID: 34850055 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Myocardial I/R injury is one of the most serious complications after reperfusion therapy in patients with myocardial infarction. Remifentanil has been found to protect the heart against I/R injury. However, its underlying mechanism remains uncertain in myocardial I/R injury. METHODS The myocardial I/R injury rat model was established by 30 min of ischaemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion. The animal model was evaluated by the levels of TC, ALT and AST and H&E staining. The binding of miR-206-3p and TLR4 was predicted and verified using TargetScan software, luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. The functional role and mechanism of remifentanil were identified by ultrasonic echocardiography, oxidative stress markers, H&E, Masson and TUNEL staining and western blot. KEY FINDINGS The rat myocardial I/R injury model displayed a significantly high level of TC, ALT, AST, TLR4, p-IκBα and p-p65 and the presence of disorganized cells and inflammatory cell infiltration. The model also showed increased levels of LVEDD, LVESD, MDA, fibrosis and apoptosis and decreased levels of EF, FS, SOD and GSH, which were reversed with remifentanil treatment. Knockdown of miR-206-3p damaged cardiac function and aggravated oxidative stress. miR-206-3p could directly bind to TLR4. TLR4 overexpression destroyed cardiac function, exacerbated oxidative stress, increased levels of p-IκBα and p-p65 and aggravated pathology manifestation affected by remifentanil. CONCLUSIONS Our results elucidated that remifentanil alleviated myocardial I/R injury by miR-206-3p/TLR4/NF-κB signalling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan City, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan City, China
| | - Xunbin Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan City, China
| | - Yiguan Chen
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan City, China
| | - Yujian Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan City, China
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Abdelzaher WY, Ahmed SM, Welson NN, Alsharif KF, Batiha GES, Labib DAA. Dapsone Ameliorates Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction via Nrf2/ HO-1; TLR4/ TNF-α Signaling Pathways and the Suppression of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:669679. [PMID: 34093197 PMCID: PMC8170324 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.669679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a critical condition that can happen with high doses or rapid termination of beta blockers therapy. The study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-toxic value of DAP against isoproterenol (ISO) - induced MI. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were used for the study. The rodents were assigned to four groups (n = 7) and the treatments were given for 12 days as follows; Group 1 (control): were administrated normal saline, Group 2 (DAP control): were administrated DAP (10 mg/kg/day IP), Group 3 (ISO group): were administrated ISO (100 mg/kg, IP on the 11th and 12th days of the experiment), and Group 4 (DAP + ISO): co-treated with DAP plus ISO. The measured parameters were cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total nitrite/nitrate (NOx), catalase (CAT), serum cardiac biomarkers; CK-MB, ALT, LDH, and ALK-PH. Also, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), caspase-3 activity, and hepatic BAX and Bcl-2 were also assessed. Also, histological examination and vimentin immuno-expressions were studied. ISO group exhibited MI as evidenced by the elevation in serum cardiac biomarkers, MDA, NOx, IL-1β, TNF-α, and caspase-3 together with the reduction in GSH, Nrf2, HO-1 levels, and a faint vimentin immuno-reaction. Histological alterations revealing distorted cardiomyocytes; vacuolation, edema, pyknosis, and fragmentation were also noticed. DAP significantly ameliorated all the examined toxicity indicators. DAP revealed efficient ameliorative actions against ISO-caused MI by marked reduction in myocardial infarct size and suppressed oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis via the up-regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1; TLR4/TNF-α signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabreen Mahmoud Ahmed
- Depatment of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Delegated to Deraya University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Nermeen N Welson
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Dina A Aly Labib
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Duan XY, Sun Y, Zhao ZF, Shi YQ, Ma XY, Tao L, Liu MW. Baicalin attenuates LPS-induced alveolar type II epithelial cell A549 injury by attenuation of the FSTL1 signaling pathway via increasing miR-200b-3p expression. Innate Immun 2021; 27:294-312. [PMID: 34000873 PMCID: PMC8186156 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211013887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, baicalin is the main active component of Scutellaria baicalensis, which has been used in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, such as inflammation-induced acute lung injury. However, its specific mechanism remains unclear. This study examined the protective effect of baicalin on LPS-induced inflammation injury of alveolar epithelial cell line A549 and explored its protective mechanism. Compared with the LPS-induced group, the proliferation inhibition rates of alveolar type II epithelial cell line A549 intervened by different concentrations of baicalin decreased significantly, as did the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-1β, prostaglandin 2 and TNF-α in the supernatant. The expression levels of inflammatory proteins inducible NO synthase (iNOS), NF-κB65, phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK1/2), and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK1) significantly decreased, as did the protein expression of follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1). In contrast, expression of miR-200b-3p significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that baicalin could significantly inhibit the expression of inflammation-related proteins and improve LPS-induced inflammatory injury in alveolar type II epithelial cells. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ERK/JNK inflammatory pathway activation by increasing the expression of miR-200b-3p. Thus, FSTL1 is the regulatory target of miR-200b-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ya Duan
- Department of Tuberculosis Diseases, Third People's Hospital of Kunming City, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Zhu-Feng Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Yao-Qing Shi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Xun-Yan Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Li Tao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
| | - Ming-Wei Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, China
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Yang JY, Li M, Zhang CL, Liu D. Pharmacological properties of baicalin on liver diseases: a narrative review. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1230-1239. [PMID: 33595821 PMCID: PMC8460515 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00227-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin is the main active component of Scutellaria baicalensis, widely used in traditional Chinese medicine thanks to its various pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, as well as cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal protective effect. Recently, the protective effects of baicalin on liver disease have received much more attention. Several studies showed that baicalin protects against several types of liver diseases including viral hepatitis, fatty liver disease, xenobiotic induced liver injury, cholestatic liver injury, and hepatocellular carcinoma, with a variety of pharmacological mechanisms. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of baicalin can provide a valuable reference for its clinical use, but up to now, no narrative review is available that summarizes the pharmacological effects of baicalin to clarify its potential use in the treatment of liver diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes the progress of baicalin research and the underlying mechanism in the treatment of various liver diseases, to promote further research and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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10
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Wu G, Zhong J, Chen L, Gu Y, Hong Y, Ma J, Zheng N, Liu AJ, Sheng L, Zhang W, Li H. Effects of the Suxiao Jiuxin pill on acute myocardial infarction assessed by comprehensive metabolomics. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:153291. [PMID: 32739572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SJP is the commercial Chinese medicine included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, with well-established cardiovascular protective effects in the clinic. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of SJP on cardiovascular disease have not yet been clearly elucidated. AIMS To investigate the underlying protective mechanisms of SJP in an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) rat model using comprehensive metabolomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat model of AMI was generated by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 2 weeks treatment with SJP, the entire metabolic changes in the serum, heart, urine and feces of the rat were profiled by HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. RESULTS The metabolic profiles in different biological samples (heart, serum, urine and feces) were significantly different among groups, in which a total of 112 metabolites were identified. AMI caused comprehensive metabolic changes in amino acid metabolism, galactose metabolism and fatty acid metabolism, while SJP reversed more than half of the differential metabolic changes, mainly affecting amino acid metabolism and fatty acid metabolism. Correlation analysis found that SJP could significantly alter the metabolic activity of 12 key metabolites, regarded as potential biomarkers of SJP treatment. According to the results of network analysis, 6 biomarkers were considered to be hub metabolites, which means that these metabolites may have a major relationship with the SJP therapeutic effects on AMI. CONCLUSION The combined comprehensive metabolomics and network analysis, indicated that the protective effect of SJP on cardiovascular disease was associated with systemic metabolic modulation, in particular regulation of amino acid and fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaosong Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Huzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junli Ma
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ai-Jun Liu
- Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Houkai Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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11
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Wang M, Dong Y, Wu J, Li H, Zhang Y, Fan S, Li D. Baicalein ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced injuries by rebalancing gut microbiota and inhibiting apoptosis. Life Sci 2020; 261:118463. [PMID: 32950576 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ionizing radiation (IR) induces injuries to the hematopoietic and intestinal systems, which are the leading cause of death. Baicalein, a plant-derived flavonoid, shows anti-oxidative stress, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation effects in many diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects and mechanism of baicalein on IR induced intestinal and hematopoietic injuries. MAIN METHODS Mice were divided into three groups: Control, IR and IR + Baicalein. All of mice were intraperitoneally administered with 100 mg/kg baicalein or normal saline for 1 h before IR, and then a day post-IR. The changes in intestinal structure, function and molecular expression were observed by pathological experiments and western blot. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to analyze gut microbiota and further predicted metabolic pathways through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Hematopoietic function was evaluated by peripheral blood cells count and by flow cytometry analysis of hematopoietic cells composition. KEY FINDINGS Baicalein improved intestinal structure and the ability of proliferation and regeneration after mice exposed to IR, in which the rebalance of gut microbial composition played an important role. KEGG results showed that p53-related apoptotic pathways played important roles in the composition changes of gut microbiota. Then we observed that baicalein inhibited the activation of p53 and p53 mediated mitochondrial apoptosis and death receptor apoptosis in the intestine. In addition, IR induced injuries to hematopoietic system also could be ameliorated by baicalein. SIGNIFICANCE These results provide new insights into the mechanism of baicalein and support the potential of baicalein as a radioprotective medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yinping Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yuanyang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Deguan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
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12
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Yang M, Sun F, Zhou Y, He M, Yao P, Peng Y, Luo F, Liu F. Preventive effect of lemon seed flavonoids on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12800-12809. [PMID: 35492116 PMCID: PMC9051252 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01415j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the preventive effect of lemon seed flavonoids (LSF) on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. Liver injury was induced by injection with 2 mL kg-1 of carbon tetrachloride after administration of LSF by gavage. Liver index, serological parameters, and expression intensities of related mRNA and protein in the liver tissue were observed. The results indicated that LSF reduced liver weight and liver index, downregulated serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, TG, TC, BUN, NO, and MDA, and upregulated levels of ALB, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in the mice with liver injury. It also downregulated serum cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in these mice. qPCR and western blot confirmed that LSF upregulated mRNA and protein expression of Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and IκB-α, and downregulated expression of NF-κB-p65, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the liver tissue of mice with liver injury. The preventive effect on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury was attributed to (-)-epigallocatechin, caffeic acid, (-)-epicatechin, vitexin, quercetin, and hesperidin, which were active substances that were detected in LSF by HPLC. Moreover, the effect of LSF is similar to that of silymarin, but the synergistic effect of the five active substances working in concert acted to produce a more robust liver-protecting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Fengjun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Pu Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 Sichuan China
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13
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Zhang J, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Yan H, Han W, Wang X, Wang K, Wei B, Xu X. Beneficial effects of Oridonin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury: Insight gained by metabolomic approaches. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 861:172587. [PMID: 31377155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oridonin is a diterpenoid isolated from Rabdosia rubescens (Hemsl.) Hara, a well-known herbal tea in China with many health benefits. To provide a better understanding of the potential cardioprotective effect of Oridonin, we investigated the metabolic alterations in heart tissue and serum of rat subjected to myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury with or without pretreatment of Oridonin by UPLC-MS/MS metabolomics approach. Rats were randomly divided into groups as follows: Control, Sham, MI/R and pretreated with Oridonin (10 mg/kg)+MI/R. After 24 h of reperfusion, heart tissue and serum were collected for biochemical and metabolomic analysis. Pretreatment with Oridonin significantly decreased infarct size and reversed the abnormal elevated myocardial zymogram in serum. Moreover, Oridonin regulated several metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, branched chain amino acid, kynurenine, arginine, glutamine and bile acid metabolism. Our results suggest that Oridonin indeed displays outstanding cardioprotective effect mainly by regulating energy and amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, o-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, o-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Yaxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, o-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Hao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, o-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Wenchao Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, o-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, o-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Kaili Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, o-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Bo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, o-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, o-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
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14
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Chang WT, Li CQ, Hsu CW, Lee C, Huang HH, Yuan CS, Chen WJ, Vanden Hoek TL, Shao ZH, Li J. Baicalein Cardioprotection via Oxidant Scavenging and Akt-Nitric Oxide Signaling: Identification of Early Reperfusion Phase as the Critical Therapeutic Window. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1043-1056. [PMID: 31311299 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein is a natural flavonoid with anti-oxidant activities protecting against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Previous studies suggest that oxidative burst early after reperfusion accelerates cell death. We therefore investigated the critical therapeutic window of baicalein by examining the timing of baicalein treatment in relation to its oxidant modulating and cytoprotective effects. Using an established chick cardiomyocyte model of I/R, we administered baicalein at various time points after reperfusion and assessed cell viability and the profiles of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and Akt phosphorylation. Baicalein administered at the onset of reperfusion resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction of cell death (25 μM 48.2±1.9%, 50μM 43.8±1.5%, 100μM 36.6±2.1%, vs. I/R control 57.3±1.4%, all p<0.05). Baicalein (100μM) timely and effectively scavenged ROS burst and enhanced NO production in the early reperfusion phase. Cotreatment with NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor l-NAME (200μM) partially abrogated the cytoprotective effect. Baicalein (100μM) given after reperfusion lost protective effect in a time-dependent manner with cytoprotection completely lost if >60min. Even with only 15-min delay after reperfusion, the ROS scavenging effect was abolished and the NO enhancing effect markedly reduced. The phosphorylation of Akt, an upstream regulator of eNOS, also diminished as the delay lengthened. In conclusion, baicalein treatment after reperfusion confers cardioprotection in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The critical therapeutic window lies in the early reperfusion phase, during which ROS scavenging and Akt-eNOS mediated NO signaling are most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tien Chang
- *Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,†Cardiology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chang-Qing Li
- ‡Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chin-Wan Hsu
- §Department of Emergency Medicine, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chunpei Lee
- ‡Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hsien-Hao Huang
- ¶Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- ∥Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wen-Jone Chen
- *Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.,†Cardiology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Terry L Vanden Hoek
- ‡Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zuo-Hui Shao
- ‡Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jing Li
- ‡Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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15
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Hua S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Dong L, Huang J, Lin D, Fu X. Ethnomedicine, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Smilax glabra: An Important Traditional Chinese Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:261-297. [PMID: 29433390 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smilax glabra (SG) Roxb., a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, has been extensively used worldwide for its marked pharmacological activities for treating syphilitic poisoned sores, limb hypertonicity, morbid leucorrhea, eczema pruritus, strangury due to heat, carbuncle toxin, and many other human ailments. Approximately 200 chemical compounds have been isolated from SG Roxb., and the major components have been determined to be flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, phenolic acids, and steroids. Among these active compounds, the effects of astilbin, which is used as a quality control marker to determine the quality of SG Roxb., have been widely investigated. Based on in vivo and in vitro studies, the primary active components of SG Roxb. possess various pharmacological activities, such as cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antibacterial, and cardiovascular system protective activities. However, an extensive study to determine the relationship between the chemical compositions and pharmacological effects of SG Roxb. has not been conducted and is worth of our study. Improving the means of utilizing the effects of SG is crucial. The present paper reviews the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of SG Roxb. and assesses its ethnopharmacological use in order to explore its therapeutic potential for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Hua
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- † School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Lin Dong
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
| | - Dingbo Lin
- ¶ Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 419 Human Sciences, Stillwater 74078, USA
| | - Xueyan Fu
- * School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China.,‡ Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China.,§ Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Hui Medicine, Yinchuan 750004, P. R. China
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16
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Li Y, Lin S, Xu C, Zhang P, Mei X. Triggering of Autophagy by Baicalein in Response to Apoptosis after Spinal Cord Injury: Possible Involvement of the PI3K Activation. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:478-486. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Sen Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University
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17
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Li J, Chang WT, Li CQ, Lee C, Huang HH, Hsu CW, Chen WJ, Zhu X, Wang CZ, Vanden Hoek TL, Shao ZH. Baicalein Preventive Treatment Confers Optimal Cardioprotection by PTEN/Akt/NO Activation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:987-1001. [PMID: 28760044 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein is a flavonoid with excellent oxidant scavenging capability. It has been reported to protect against a variety of oxidative injuries including ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, the optimal treatment strategy for I/R injury and the protective mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study we employed an established chick cardiomyocyte model of I/R and investigated the effects of three baicalein treatment strategies on reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, nitric oxide (NO) production and cell viability. The molecular signaling pathways were also explored. Compared to the I/R control (cell death 52.2[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]2.0%), baicalein preventive treatment (25[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M, pretreated for 72[Formula: see text]h and continued through I/R) conferred the best protection (19.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]3.9%, [Formula: see text]), followed by I/R treatment (treated during I/R) and reperfusion treatment (treated at reperfusion only). Preventive and I/R treatments almost completely abolished ROS generation during both ischemic and reperfusion phases, and increased NO production and Akt phosphorylation. Reperfusion treatment reduced the ROS burst in the early reperfusion phase only, and had no effect on NO production and Akt activation. Further, the phosphorylation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a phosphatase negatively regulating Akt activation, was significantly increased by baicalein preventive treatment and slightly by the I/R treatment. PTEN protein expression was reduced in the same trend accordingly. Baicalein reperfusion treatment had no effects on PTEN phosphorylation and expression. Our results indicate that baicalein preventive treatment confers optimal cardioprotection against I/R injury, and this protection involves effective oxidant scavenging and the activation of PTEN/Akt/NO pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- * Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China.,† Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wei-Tien Chang
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,‡ Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chang-Qing Li
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chunpei Lee
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hsien-Hao Huang
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,§ Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Wan Hsu
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA.,¶ Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine; Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Jone Chen
- ‡ Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- ∥ Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- ∥ Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research and Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Terry L Vanden Hoek
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zuo-Hui Shao
- † Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Advanced Resuscitation Medicine and Program in Sudden Cardiac Death, Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Illinois Hospital & Health Sciences System, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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18
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Lai CC, Huang PH, Yang AH, Chiang SC, Tang CY, Tseng KW, Huang CH. Baicalein Attenuates Lung Injury Induced by Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:791-811. [PMID: 28521514 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Baicalein is an active component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, which has traditionally been used to treat cardiovascular diseases in China. In this study, we investigated if treatment with baicalein can attenuate the lung injury induced by myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Myocardial I/R, induced by a 40-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and a 3-h reperfusion, significantly increased histological damage and the wet-to-dry weight ratio of lungs in rats. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive nuclei and caspase-3 activation was significantly increased in the lungs. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]), interleukin-1[Formula: see text] (IL-1[Formula: see text]), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly elevated, as were TNF-[Formula: see text] levels in the lung. Intravenous administration with baicalein at doses of 3, 10, and 30[Formula: see text]mg/kg for ten minutes before myocardial I/R significantly reduced histological damage, the wet-to-dry weight ratio, and apoptosis in the lung. Baicalein also significantly inhibited the increase in levels of TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-1[Formula: see text], and IL-6. Moreover, baicalein increased Bcl-2 and decreased p53, Bax, and cytochrome [Formula: see text] in lungs. Phosphorylation of the prosurvival kinases, including Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), was increased, while the phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic mitogen-activated protein kinases, including p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), was decreased. In conclusion, treatment with baicalein attenuates the lung injury induced by myocardial I/R. The mechanisms might be related to the limiting of apoptosis, possibly via the inhibition of both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis, including the inhibition of TNF-[Formula: see text] production and modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chi Lai
- * Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,† Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,∥ Department of Physical Education and Health, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- † Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,‡ Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,** Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Han Yang
- § Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chiung Chiang
- ¶ Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Tang
- * Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,† Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Tseng
- ∥ Department of Physical Education and Health, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsiung Huang
- * Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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19
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Han JY, Li Q, Ma ZZ, Fan JY. Effects and mechanisms of compound Chinese medicine and major ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 177:146-173. [PMID: 28322971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcirculation dysfunction and organ injury after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) result from a complex pathologic process consisting of multiple links, with metabolism impairment in the ischemia phase and oxidative stress in the reperfusion phase as initiators, and any treatment targeting a single link is insufficient to cope with this. Compound Chinese medicine (CCM) has been applied in clinics in China and some Asian nations for >2000years. Studies over the past decades revealed the protective and therapeutic effect of CCMs and major ingredients on I/R-induced microcirculatory dysfunction and tissue injury in the heart, brain, liver, intestine, and so on. CCM contains diverse bioactive components with potential for energy metabolism regulation; antioxidant effect; inhibiting inflammatory cytokines release; adhesion molecule expression in leukocyte, platelet, and vascular endothelial cells; and the protection of thrombosis, albumin leakage, and mast cell degranulation. This review covers the major works with respect to the effects and underlying mechanisms of CCM and its ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury after I/R, providing novel ideas for dealing with this threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Ma
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
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Wu YL, Lian LH, Nan JX. Protective effects of Chinese traditional medicine against liver injury and liver fibrosis and mechanisms involved. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4144-4150. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i30.4144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injury and liver fibrosis are clinically common, and there is currently a lack of ideal drugs for these conditions. Recent studies have indicated that the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine show certain efficacy in prevention and treatment of liver injury and liver fibrosis, and the mechanisms are related to the protection of liver cells, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. This paper discusses the protective effects of the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine against liver injury and liver fibrosis and the mechanisms involved, with an aim to promote the development of therapeutic drugs for liver injury and liver fibrosis.
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