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Xiong X, Liao X, Qiu S, Xu H, Zhang S, Wang S, Ai J, Yang L. CXCL8 in Tumor Biology and Its Implications for Clinical Translation. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:723846. [PMID: 35372515 PMCID: PMC8965068 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.723846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL8 has been found to play an important role in tumor progression in recent years. CXCL8 activates multiple intracellular signaling pathways by binding to its receptors (CXCR1/2), and plays dual pro-tumorigenic roles in the tumor microenvironment (TME) including directly promoting tumor survival and affecting components of TME to indirectly facilitate tumor progression, which include facilitating tumor cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), pro-angiogenesis, and inhibit anti-tumor immunity. More recently, clinical trials indicate that CXCL8 can act as an independently predictive biomarker in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitions (ICIs) therapy. Preclinical studies also suggest that combined CXCL8 blockade and ICIs therapy can enhance the anti-tumor efficacy, and several clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate this therapy modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Xiong
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyang Liao
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi Qiu
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Center of Biomedical Big Data, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianzhong Ai, ; Lu Yang,
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jianzhong Ai, ; Lu Yang,
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Yao Y. Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1059-1070. [PMID: 32016448 PMCID: PMC7003045 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been increasing globally for over three decades. According to previous studies, dietary obesity is usually associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and STAT3 signaling, which result in interference with the homeostatic control of energy and lipid metabolism. Ginsenosides (GS) administered to mice will modulate adiposity and food intake; however, the mechanism of food inhibition is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether GS may inhibit ERS and regulate STAT3 phosphorylation in GT1‑7 cells (a mouse hypothalamus gonadotropin‑releasing hormone neuron cell line) and the hypothalamus in order to reduce the body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet (HFD)‑induced obese mice. In the present study, GS inhibited the appetite, reduced the body weight, visceral fat, body fat content and blood glucose, and ameliorated the glucose tolerance of the obese mice compared with HFD mice. In addition, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride (TG), leptin and insulin in the serum were reduced compared with HFD mice. There was less TG in the liver, but more in the feces compared with HFD mice. Using hematoxylin and eosin staining of HepG2 cells and liver tissues, GS were demonstrated to improve the non‑alcoholic fatty liver of the HFD‑induced obese mice and reduce the diameter of the fat cells compared with HFD mice. GS also increased oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the metabolic cage data compared with HFD mice. In the GT1‑7 cells, GS alleviated the ERS induced by tunicamycin and enhanced the activation of the STAT3 phosphorylation pathway. Furthermore the ERS of the liver was relieved to achieve the aforementioned pharmacological effects. GS were used in the homeostatic control of the energy and lipid metabolism of a diet‑induced obesity model. In conclusion, present studies suggest that GS exert these effects by increasing STAT3 phosphorylation expression and reducing the ERS. Thus, GS reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in HFD‑induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
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Jo E, Jang HJ, Yang KE, Jang MS, Huh YH, Yoo HS, Park JS, Jang IS, Park SJ. Cordyceps militaris induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells through TNF-α/TNFR1-mediated inhibition of NF-κB phosphorylation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:1. [PMID: 32020859 PMCID: PMC7076896 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordyceps militaris (L.) Fr. (C. militaris) exhibits pharmacological activities, including antitumor properties, through the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and TNF-α modulates cell survival and apoptosis through NF- κB signaling. However, the mechanism underlying its mode of action on the NF-κB pathway is unclear. METHODS Here, we analyzed the effect of C. militaris extract (CME) on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by confirming viability, morphological changes, migration assay. Additionally, CME induced apoptosis was determined by apoptosis assay and apoptotic body formation under TEM. The mechanisms of CME were determined through microarray, immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS CME reduced the viability of cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced morphological changes. We confirmed the decrease in the migration activity of SKOV-3 cells after treatment with CME and the consequent induction of apoptosis. Immunoblotting results showed that the CME-mediated upregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) expression induced apoptosis of SKOV-3 cells via the serial activation of caspases. Moreover, CME negatively modulated NF-κB activation via TNFR expression, suggestive of the activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The binding of TNF-α to TNFR results in the disassociation of IκB from NF-κB and the subsequent translocation of the active NF-κB to the nucleus. CME clearly suppressed NF-κB translocation induced by interleukin (IL-1β) from the cytosol into the nucleus. The decrease in the expression levels of B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-xL and Bcl-2 led to a marked increase in cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that C. militaris inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation, survival, and migration, possibly through the coordination between TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling and NF-κB activation. Taken together, our findings provide a new insight into a novel treatment strategy for ovarian cancer using C. militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbi Jo
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Yang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Jang
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 220-100, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 302-120, South Korea
| | - Jun Soo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 220-100, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55338, Republic of Korea.
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Luan F, Han K, Li M, Zhang T, Liu D, Yu L, Lv H. Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Species from the GenusAjugaL.: A Systematic Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:959-1003. [PMID: 31416340 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present review is aimed at providing a comprehensive summary of the botanical characteristics, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological studies of the genus Ajuga L. The extensive literature survey revealed Ajuga L. species to be a group of important medicinal plants used for the ethnomedical treatment of rheumatism, fever, gout, sclerosis, analgesia, inflammation, hypertension, hyperglycemia, joint pain, palsy, amenorrhea, etc., although only a few reports address the clinical use and toxicity of these plants. Currently, more than 280 chemical constituents have been isolated and characterized from these plants. Among these constituents, neo-clerodane diterpenes and diterpenoids, phytoecdysteroids, flavonoids, and iridoids are the major bioactive compounds, possessing wide-reaching biological activities both in vivo and in vitro, including anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antitumor, anti-oxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antifeedant, antidiarrhoeal, hypolipidemic, diuretic, hypoglycaemic, immunomodulatory, vasorelaxant, larvicidal, antimutagenic, and neuroprotective activity. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge of the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicities of the genus Ajuga L. to reveal its therapeutic potentials, offering opportunities for future researches. Therefore, more focus should be paid to gathering information about their toxicology data, quality-control measures, and the clinical application of the bioactive ingredients from Ajuga L. species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi’an 710100, P. R. China
| | - Keqing Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi’an 710100, P. R. China
| | - Maoxing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment for Injury in Plateau of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi’an 710100, P. R. China
| | - Daoheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi’an 710100, P. R. China
| | - Linhong Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi’an 710100, P. R. China
| | - Haizhen Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment, Xi’an 710100, P. R. China
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