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Kim DS, Park KE, Kwak YJ, Bae MK, Bae SK, Jang IS, Jang HO. Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb Root Extract: Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Medicinal Herb in LPS-Induced Inflammation. Am J Chin Med 2020; 48:1875-1893. [PMID: 33308100 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation regulation is essential for maintaining healthy functions and normal homeostasis of the body. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium and a major pathogen that causes oral inflammation and other systemic inflammations. This study aims to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb root extracts (APL-ME) in Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and find anti-inflammatory effect compounds of APL-ME. The anti-inflammatory effects of APL-ME were evaluated anti-oxidant activity, cell viability, nitrite concentration, pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1[Formula: see text], interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text], and anti-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-10 (IL-10)). Also, Inflammation related genes and proteins, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), expression were decreased by APL-ME and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling proteins expression was regulated by APL-ME. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (LC/MS)-MS analysis results indicated that several components were detected in APL-ME. Our study indicated that APL-ME suppressed nitrite concentrations, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1[Formula: see text], IL-6 and TNF-[Formula: see text] in P. gingivalis LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells. However, IL-10 expression was increased by ALP-ME. In addition, protein expressions of COX-2 and iNOS were inhibited APL-ME extracts dose-dependently. According to these results, APL-ME has anti-inflammatory effects in P. gingivalis LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Sol Kim
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea.,Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Eun Park
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kwak
- Research Institute of GH BioFarm, Gagopa-Healing Food, Changwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Kyoung Bae
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea.,Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Bae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea.,Periodontal Disease Signaling Network Research Center (MRC), School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ock Jang
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea
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Park YI, Cha YE, Jang M, Park R, Namkoong S, Kwak J, Jang IS, Park J. The Flower Extract of Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) Increases Cyclin D1 Expression and Activates Cell Proliferation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1044-1050. [PMID: 32160700 PMCID: PMC9728244 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2002.02024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abelmoschus manihot (Linn.) is a medicinal herbal plant that is commonly used to treat chronic kidney disease and hepatitis. However, its effect on cell proliferation has not been clearly revealed. In this report, we sought to determine the effect of the flower extract of A. manihot (FA) on cell proliferation. Based on our findings, FA increased the proliferation of human diploid fibroblast (HDF) and HEK293 cells. Through cell cycle analysis, FA was found to increase the number of HDF cells in the S phase and G2/M phase. FA also increased the expression of cyclin D1 and enhanced the migration of HDF cells. By administering FA to HDF cells with ≥30 passages, a decrease in the number of senescence-associated β galactosidase-positive cells was observed, thereby indicating that FA can ameliorate cellular senescence. Collectively, our findings indicate that FA increases cyclin D1 expression and regulates cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-In Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Eun Cha
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Jang
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Rackhyun Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Sim Namkoong
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-33-760-2560 Fax: +82-33-760-2183 E-mail:
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Jang HJ, Yang KE, Oh WK, Lee SI, Hwang IH, Ban KT, Yoo HS, Choi JS, Yeo EJ, Jang IS. Nectandrin B-mediated activation of the AMPK pathway prevents cellular senescence in human diploid fibroblasts by reducing intracellular ROS levels. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3731-3749. [PMID: 31199782 PMCID: PMC6594796 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nectandrin B (NecB) is a bioactive lignan compound isolated from Myristica fragrans (nutmeg), which functions as an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Because we recently found that treatment with NecB increased the cell viability of old human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs), the underlying molecular mechanism was investigated. NecB treatment in old HDFs reduced the activity staining of senescence-associated β-galactosidase and the levels of senescence markers, such as the Ser15 phosphorylated p53, caveolin-1, p21waf1, p16ink4a, p27kip1, and cyclin D1. NecB treatment increased that in S phase, indicating a enhancement of cell cycle entry. Interestingly, NecB treatment ameliorated age-dependent activation of AMPK in old HDFs. Moreover, NecB reversed the age-dependent expression and/or activity changes of certain sirtuins (SIRT1-5), and cell survival/death-related proteins. The transcriptional activity of Yin-Yang 1 and the expression of downstream proteins were elevated in NecB-treated old HDFs. In addition, NecB treatment exerted a radical scavenging effect in vitro, reduced cellular ROS levels, and increased antioxidant enzymes in old HDFs. Moreover, NecB-mediated activation of the AMPK pathway reduced intracellular ROS levels. These results suggest that NecB-induced protection against cellular senescence is mediated by ROS-scavenging through activation of AMPK. NecB might be useful in ameliorating age-related diseases and extending human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Jang
- Drug & Disease Target Group, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Yang
- Drug & Disease Target Group, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-I Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hu Hwang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Ban
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Drug & Disease Target Group, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Yeo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Drug & Disease Target Group, Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.,Division of Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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4
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Park BK, Kim NS, Kim YR, Yang C, Jung IC, Jang IS, Seo CS, Choi JJ, Lee MY. Antidepressant and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of Bangpungtongsung-San. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:958. [PMID: 32754030 PMCID: PMC7366903 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bangpungtongsung-san (BTS) is a traditional Korean medicine consisting of 18 herbs, some which have antidepressant effects. Here, we used an animal model of reserpine-induced depression and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia to assess the antidepressant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of BTS. Aside from a control group, C57BL/6 mice were administered reserpine (0.5 mg/kg) daily for 10 days via intraperitoneal injection. BTS (100, 300, or 500 mg/kg), vehicle (PBS), or fluoxetine (FXT, 20 mg/kg) was administered orally 1 h before reserpine treatment. Following treatment, a forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and open field test (OFT) were performed, and immobility time and total travel distance were measured. Administration of BTS not only reduced immobility time in the FST and TST but also significantly increased the total travel distance in the OFT. Furthermore, reserpine-treated mice showed significantly elevated serum levels of corticosterone, a stress hormone; however, treatment with BTS significantly reduced corticosterone levels, similar to FXT treatment. Serotonin in reserpine-treated mice was significantly reduced compared to that in control mice, while BTS mice exhibited increased serotonin levels. BTS mice showed increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and a higher ratio of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB) to CREB (p-CREB/CREB) in the hippocampus. Additionally, reserpine-treated mice exhibited significantly elevated mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but BTS mice showed reduced mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the hippocampus. To further demonstrate the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of BTS in vitro, we examined its anti-neuroinflammatory and neuroprotective effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia. BTS significantly reduced the levels of NO, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner via a decrease in the expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65. Furthermore, the neuroprotective factor heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was upregulated via the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)/CREB pathway. Taken together, our data suggest that BTS has considerable potential as an anti-neuroinflammation and antidepressant agent, as it has clear effects on depressive behaviors and associated factors caused by reserpine-induced depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kyung Park
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - No Soo Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yu Ri Kim
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Changsop Yang
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - In Chul Jung
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong June Choi
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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Kim M, Morales LD, Lee CJ, Olivarez SA, Kim WJ, Hernandez J, Mummidi S, Jenkinson C, Tsin AT, Jang IS, Slaga TJ, Kim DJ. Overexpression of TC-PTP in murine epidermis attenuates skin tumor formation. Oncogene 2020; 39:4241-4256. [PMID: 32286519 PMCID: PMC7244373 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP), encoded by Ptpn2, has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor during skin carcinogenesis. In the current study, we generated a novel epidermal-specific TC-PTP-overexpressing (K5HA.Ptpn2) mouse model to show that TC-PTP contributes to the attenuation of chemically induced skin carcinogenesis through the synergistic regulation of STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, and PI3K/AKT signaling. We found overexpression of TC-PTP increased epidermal sensitivity to DMBA-induced apoptosis and it decreased TPA-mediated hyperproliferation, coinciding with reduced epidermal thickness. Inhibition of STAT1, STAT3, STAT5, or AKT reversed the effects of TC-PTP overexpression on epidermal survival and proliferation. Mice overexpressing TC-PTP in the epidermis developed significantly reduced numbers of tumors during skin carcinogenesis and presented a prolonged latency of tumor initiation. Examination of human papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) revealed that TC-PTP expression was significantly reduced and TC-PTP expression was inversely correlated with the increased grade of SCCs. Our findings demonstrate that TC-PTP is a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of human skin cancer given that it is a major negative regulator of oncogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Kim
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Liza D Morales
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Cheol Jung Lee
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Serena A Olivarez
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, College of Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Joselin Hernandez
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Jenkinson
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Andrew T Tsin
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas J Slaga
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Molecular Science, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.
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Yang KE, Jang HJ, Hwang IH, Hong EM, Lee MG, Lee S, Jang IS, Choi JS. Stereoisomer-specific ginsenoside 20( S)-Rg3 reverses replicative senescence of human diploid fibroblasts via Akt-mTOR-Sirtuin signaling. J Ginseng Res 2020; 44:341-349. [PMID: 32148417 PMCID: PMC7031753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The replicative senescence of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is accompanied by growth arrest. In our previous study, the treatment of senescent HDFs with Rg3(S) lowered the intrinsic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reversed cellular senescence by inducing peroxiredoxin-3, an antioxidant enzyme. However, the signaling pathways involved in Rg3(S)-induced senescence reversal in HDFs and the relatedness of the stereoisomer Rg3(R) in corresponding signaling pathways are not known yet. METHODS We performed senescence-associated β-galactosidase and cell cycle assays in Rg3(S)-treated senescent HDFs. The levels of ROS, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as well as the mitochondrial DNA copy number, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+/1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) ratio, and NAD-dependent sirtuins expression were measured and compared among young, old, and Rg3(S)-pretreated old HDFs. Major signaling pathways of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and sirtuin 1/3, including cell cycle regulatory proteins, were examined by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS Ginsenoside Rg3(S) reversed the replicative senescence of HDFs by restoring the ATP level and NAD+/NADH ratio in downregulated senescent HDFs. Rg3(S) recovered directly the cellular levels of ROS and the NAD+/NADH ratio in young HDFs inactivated by rotenone. Rg3(S) mainly downregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt through the inhibition of mTOR by cell cycle regulators like p53/p21 in senescent HDFs, whereas Rg3(R) did not alter the corresponding signaling pathways. Rg3(S)-activated sirtuin 3/PGC1α to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSION Cellular molecular analysis suggests that Rg3(S) specifically reverses the replicative senescence of HDFs by modulating Akt-mTOR-sirtuin signaling to promote the biogenesis of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Eun Yang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hu Hwang
- Neuroscience Research institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Hong
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Lee
- Division of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Jo E, Jang HJ, Yang KE, Jang MS, Huh YH, Yoo HS, Park JS, Jang IS, Park SJ. Cordyceps militaris induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells through TNF-α/TNFR1-mediated inhibition of NF-κB phosphorylation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:1. [PMID: 32020859 PMCID: PMC7076896 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2780-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordyceps militaris (L.) Fr. (C. militaris) exhibits pharmacological activities, including antitumor properties, through the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and TNF-α modulates cell survival and apoptosis through NF- κB signaling. However, the mechanism underlying its mode of action on the NF-κB pathway is unclear. METHODS Here, we analyzed the effect of C. militaris extract (CME) on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells by confirming viability, morphological changes, migration assay. Additionally, CME induced apoptosis was determined by apoptosis assay and apoptotic body formation under TEM. The mechanisms of CME were determined through microarray, immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS CME reduced the viability of cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced morphological changes. We confirmed the decrease in the migration activity of SKOV-3 cells after treatment with CME and the consequent induction of apoptosis. Immunoblotting results showed that the CME-mediated upregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) expression induced apoptosis of SKOV-3 cells via the serial activation of caspases. Moreover, CME negatively modulated NF-κB activation via TNFR expression, suggestive of the activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. The binding of TNF-α to TNFR results in the disassociation of IκB from NF-κB and the subsequent translocation of the active NF-κB to the nucleus. CME clearly suppressed NF-κB translocation induced by interleukin (IL-1β) from the cytosol into the nucleus. The decrease in the expression levels of B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-xL and Bcl-2 led to a marked increase in cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that C. militaris inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation, survival, and migration, possibly through the coordination between TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling and NF-κB activation. Taken together, our findings provide a new insight into a novel treatment strategy for ovarian cancer using C. militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbi Jo
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Yang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Su Jang
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 220-100, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, 302-120, South Korea
| | - Jun Soo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, 220-100, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahangno 113, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55338, Republic of Korea.
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Jo E, Jang HJ, Yang KE, Jang MS, Huh YH, Yoo HS, Park J, Jang IS, Park SJ. Cordyceps militarisExerts Antitumor Effect on Carboplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer via Activation of ATF3/TP53 Signaling In Vitro and In Vivo. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20902558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Cordyceps militaris extract on the proliferation and apoptosis of carboplatin- resistant SKOV-3 and determine the underlying mechanisms for overcoming carboplatin resistance in human ovarian cancer. We cultured the carboplatin-resistant SKOV-3 cells in vitro until the exponential growth phase and then treated with different concentrations of C. militaris for 24, 48, and 72 hours. We performed cell proliferation assay, cell morphological change assessment using transmission electron microscopy, apoptosis assay, and immunoblotting to measure the protein expression of caspase-3 and -8, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1, B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)/TP53 signaling-related proteins. As a result, C. militaris reduced the viability of carboplatin-resistant SKOV-3 and induced morphological disruptions in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The gene expression profiles indicated a reprogramming pattern of the previously known and unknown genes and transcription factors associated with the action of TCTN3 on carboplatin-resistant SKOV-3 cells. We also confirmed the C. militaris-induced activation of the ATF3/TP53 pathway. Immunoblotting indicated that cotreatment of C. militaris and carboplatin-mediated ATF3/TP53 upregulation induced apoptosis in the carboplatin-resistant SKOV-3 cells, which are involved in the serial activation of pro-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-2, Bax, caspases, and PARP-1. Further, when the ATF3 and TP53 expression increased, the CHOP and PUMA expressions were upregulated. Consequently, the upregulated CHOP/PUMA expression activated the positive regulation of the apoptotic signaling pathway. In addition, it decreased the Bcl-2 expression, leading to marked ovarian cancer cells sensitive to carboplatin by enhancing apoptosis. We then corroborated these results using in vivo experiments. Taken together, C. militaris inhibits carboplatin-resistant SKOV-3 cell proliferation and induces apoptosis possibly through ATF3/TP53 signaling upregulation and CHOP/PUMA activation. Therefore, our findings provide new insights into the treatment of carboplatin-resistant ovarian cancer using C. militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbi Jo
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong E. Yang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min S. Jang
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang H. Huh
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Republic of Korea
| | - JunSoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Analytical Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Division of Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo J. Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Jang HJ, Yang KE, Hwang IH, Huh YH, Kim DJ, Yoo HS, Park SJ, Jang IS. Cordycepin inhibits human ovarian cancer by inducing autophagy and apoptosis through Dickkopf-related protein 1/β-catenin signaling. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:6890-6906. [PMID: 31814895 PMCID: PMC6895532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cordycepin, the major active component from Cordyceps militaris, has been reported to significantly inhibit some types of cancer; however, its effects on ovarian cancer are still not well understood. In this study, we treated human ovarian cancer cells with different doses of cordycepin and found that it dose-dependently reduced ovarian cancer cell viability, based on Cell counting kit-8 reagent. Immunoblotting showed that cordycepin increased Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk1) levels and inhibited β-catenin signaling. Atg7 knockdown in ovarian cancer cells significantly inhibited cordycepin-induced apoptosis, whereas β-catenin overexpression abolished the effects of cordycepin on cell death and proliferation. Furthermore, we found that Dkk1 overexpression by transfection downregulated the expression of c-Myc and cyclin D1. siRNA-mediated Dkk1 silencing downregulated the expression of Atg8, beclin, and LC3 and promoted β-catenin translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. These results suggest that cordycepin inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth, possibly through coordinated autophagy and Dkk1/β-catenin signaling. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the treatment of ovarian cancer using cordycepin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science InstituteDaejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Yang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science InstituteDaejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hu Hwang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of MedicineSeoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Electron Microscopy Research Center, Korea Basic Science InstituteCheongju 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburg, Texas, USA
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon UniversityDaejeon 302-120, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk UniversityWanju, Jeonbuk 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science InstituteDaejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
- Division of Analytical Science, University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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10
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Park R, Kim H, Jang M, Jo D, Park YI, Namkoong S, Lee JI, Jang IS, Park J. LNX1 contributes to tumor growth by down-regulating p53 stability. FASEB J 2019; 33:13216-13227. [PMID: 31533005 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900366r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The well-known tumor suppressor p53 inhibits the formation of various cancers by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Although p53 mutations are commonly found in many cancers, p53 is functionally inactivated in tumor cells that retain wild-type p53. Here, we show that the ligand of numb protein X1 (LNX1) inhibited p53-dependent transcription by decreasing the half-life of p53. We generated LNX1 knockout (KO) cells in p53 wild-type cancer cells (A549, HCT116, and MCF7) using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 gene-editing system. LNX1 KO activated p53-dependent transcription by increasing the stability of p53. Moreover, lentivirus-mediated overexpression of LNX1 decreased p53 protein levels and inhibited p53-dependent transcription. LNX1 interacted with p53 and mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) and increased the ubiquitination of p53 in an MDM2-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrated that LNX1 was required for efficient tumor growth both in cell culture and in a mouse tumor xenograft model. These results collectively indicated that LNX1 contributed to tumor growth by inhibiting p53-dependent signaling in p53 wild-type cancer cells.-Park, R., Kim, H., Jang, M., Jo, D., Park, Y.-I., Namkoong, S., Lee, J. I., Jang, I.-S., Park, J. LNX1 contributes to tumor growth by down-regulating p53 stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rackhyun Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Minsu Jang
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Daum Jo
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Yea-In Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Sim Namkoong
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jin I Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
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11
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Jang IS. Abstract 709: Cordycepin induces apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting CCL5-mediated Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The chemokine, CCL5, is a key mediator for the recruitment of immune cells into tumors and tissues. Akt/NF-κB signaling is significantly activated by CCL5. However, the role of NF-κB inactivation in apoptosis induced by negative regulation of CCL5 remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the effect of cordycepin on NF-κB activity in SKOV-3 cells and found that cordycepin-mediated inhibition of NF-κB signaling induced apoptosis in SKOV-3 cells via the serial activation of caspases. In addition, immune-blotting analysis showed that CCL5 is highly expressed in SKOV-3 cells. In addition to activating caspases, we show that, cordycepin prevents TNF-α-induced increase in CCL5, Akt, NF-κB, and c-FLIPLactivation and that CCL5 siRNA could inhibit Akt/NF-κB signaling. Moreover, cordycepin negatively regulated the TNF-α-mediated IκB/NF-κB pathway and c-FLIPL activation to promote JNK phosphorylation, resulting in caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Also, we show that c-FLIPL is rapidly lost in NF-κB activation-deficient. siRNA mediated c-FLIP inhibition increased JNK. SP600125, a selective JNK inhibitor, downregulated p-JNK expression in cordycepin-treated SKOV-3 cells, leading to suppression of cordycepin-induced apoptosis. Thus, these results indicate that cordycepin inhibits CCL5-mediated Akt/NF-κB signaling, which upregulates caspase-3 activation in SKOV-3 cells, supporting the potential of cordycepin as a therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Ik-Soon Jang. Cordycepin induces apoptosis of human ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting CCL5-mediated Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 709.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Soon Jang
- Korea Basic Science Inst., Daejon, Republic of Korea
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12
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Jo D, Park R, Kim H, Jang M, Lee EJ, Jang IS, Park J. AMP-activated protein kinase regulates the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207864. [PMID: 30475873 PMCID: PMC6257937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of hTERT in tumor cells contributes to oncogenic transformation by promoting immortalization. For this reason, hTERT is one of the major targets for cancer therapy, and an efficient method to downregulate hTERT expression is required for treatment of hTERT-positive cancer. In this report, we demonstrated that inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) downregulates the expression of hTERT. We screened cell signaling pathways in AMPK α1 knockout cells and found that AMPKα1 is required for activity of the hTERT promoter. AMPKα1 knockout cells showed decreased expression of hTERT mRNA and protein. We also demonstrated that compound C, a reversible AMPK inhibitor, suppressed the expression of hTERT. However, AMPK activators, including AICAR and metformin, did not increase the level of hTERT protein. Finally, we showed that tumor cells stably expressing hTERT are resistant to compound C treatment. These results indicate that AMPK activity is required for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daum Jo
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rackhyun Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Jang
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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13
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Cui ZY, Jo E, Jang HJ, Hwang IH, Lee KB, Yoo HS, Park SJ, Jung MK, Lee YW, Jang IS. Modified Ginseng Extract Induces Apoptosis in HepG2 Cancer Cells by Blocking the CXCL8-Mediated Akt/Nuclear Factor-[Formula: see text]B Signaling Pathway. Am J Chin Med 2018; 46:1-18. [PMID: 30284465 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) is produced in the tumor microenvironment and has an important role in cancer pathogenesis. CXCL8 activates the nuclear factor (NF)-[Formula: see text]B signaling. However, the role of NF-[Formula: see text]B inactivation in apoptosis induced by negative regulation of CXCL8 remains unclear. Here, we assessed the effects of MRGX on the transcriptional activity of NF-[Formula: see text]B and the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text]-stimulated target genes in liver cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that modified regular ginseng extract (MRGX)-mediated inhibition of NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling induced apoptosis. Importantly, MRGX exerted strong activity, inhibiting TNF-[Formula: see text]-induced expression of Akt and NF-[Formula: see text]B in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, MRGX inhibited the TNF-[Formula: see text]-induced expression of genes encoding CXCL8, CXCL1, inducible nitric oxide synthase and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. MRGX also dowregulated Akt activation, and there was a significant decrease in Akt activation in HepG2 cells treated with CXCL8 siRNA. Conversely, CXCL8 overexpression increased Akt activation in MRGX-treated HepG2 cells. When Akt was silenced, MRGX treatment of HepG2 cells overexpressing CXCL8 decreased nuclear translocation of NF-[Formula: see text]B, whereas Akt overexpression increased nuclear translocation of NF-[Formula: see text]B in MRGX-treated HepG2 cells. Moreover, MRGX negatively regulated the TNF-[Formula: see text]-mediated I[Formula: see text]B/NF-[Formula: see text]B pathway to promote Bax activation, resulting in caspase-3 activation and apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicated that MRGX inhibited CXCL8-mediated Akt/NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling, which upregulated Bax activation and consequently induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang Cui
- * Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Jo
- † Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- ‡ Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jang
- ‡ Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
- § Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hu Hwang
- ¶ Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- ‡ Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- ∥ East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- ** Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Jung
- ∥ East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Korea
| | - Yeon Wol Lee
- ∥ East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- ‡ Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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14
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Shin IS, Jo E, Jang IS, Yoo HS. Quantitative Analyses of the Functional Constituents in SanYangSam and SanYangSanSam. J Pharmacopuncture 2018; 20:274-279. [PMID: 30151297 PMCID: PMC6104717 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2017.20.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective SanYangSam and SanYangSanSam are traditional Korea-medical herbs that are grown from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. In our previous studies, we found that the functional compounds in SanYangSam and SanYangSanSam were different and depended on the type and the cultivation environment of ginseng. This study aimed to profile the functional constituents in SanYangSam and SanYangSanSam. Methods To profile the functional aspects of the many compounds that have therapeutic activities in SanYangSam and SanYangSanSam extracts, we used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results A total of four major compounds were detected; two of which were the natural flavonoids kaempferol and quercetin. Among others, two polyacetylene compounds, including panaxydol and panaxynol, were detected. Conclusion In this study, we found that panaxydol, one of the polyacetylene constituents of ginseng, is a candidate anti-cancer agent in SanYangSam and SanYangSanSam pharmacopuncture. In addition, we found that the panaxydol levels in the SanYangSanSam extract were over 30 times those in the SanYangSam extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Soo Shin
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Jo
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333 Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333 Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Jang M, Park R, Kim H, Namkoong S, Jo D, Huh YH, Jang IS, Lee JI, Park J. AMPK contributes to autophagosome maturation and lysosomal fusion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12637. [PMID: 30140075 PMCID: PMC6107659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30977-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates autophagy initiation when intracellular ATP level decreases. However, the role of AMPK during autophagosome maturation is not fully understood. Here, we report that AMPK contributes to efficient autophagosome maturation and lysosomal fusion. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we generated AMPK α1 knockout HEK293T cell lines, in which starvation-induced autophagy is impaired. Compound C, an AMPK-independent autophagy inducer, and trehalose, an mTOR-independent autophagy inducer were used to examine the role of AMPK in autophagosome maturation and lysosomal fusion. While the treatment of control cells with either compound C or trehalose induces activation of autophagosomes as well as autolysosomes, the treatment of AMPK α1 knockout cells with compound C or trehalose induces mainly activation of autophagosomes, but not autolysosomes. We demonstrate that this effect is due to interference with the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes in AMPK α1 knockout cells. The transient expression of AMPK α1 can rescue autophagosome maturation. These results indicate that AMPK α1 is required for efficient autophagosome maturation and lysosomal fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Jang
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rackhyun Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sim Namkoong
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Daum Jo
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Hoon Huh
- Center for Electron Microscopy Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin I Lee
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Wang M, Fang K, Hong SMC, Kim I, Jang IS, Hong SH. Medium chain unsaturated fatty acid ethyl esters inhibit persister formation of Escherichia coli via antitoxin HipB. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8511-8524. [PMID: 30088019 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Persisters represent a small bacterial population that is dormant and that survives under antibiotic treatment without experiencing genetic adaptation. Persisters are also considered one of the major reasons for recalcitrant chronic bacterial infections. Although several mechanisms of persister formation have been proposed, it is not clear how cells enter the dormant state in the presence of antibiotics or how persister cell formation can be effectively controlled. A fatty acid compound, cis-2-decenoic acid, was reported to decrease persister formation as well as revert the dormant cells to a metabolically active state. We reasoned that some fatty acid compounds may be effective in controlling bacterial persistence because they are known to benefit host immune systems. This study investigated persister cell formation by pathogens that were exposed to nine fatty acid compounds during antibiotic treatment. We found that three medium chain unsaturated fatty acid ethyl esters (ethyl trans-2-decenoate, ethyl trans-2-octenoate, and ethyl cis-4-decenoate) decreased the level of Escherichia coli persister formation up to 110-fold when cells were exposed to ciprofloxacin or ampicillin antibiotics. RNA sequencing analysis and gene deletion persister studies elucidated that these fatty acids inhibit bacterial persistence by regulating antitoxin HipB. A similar persister cell reduction was observed for pathogenic E. coli EDL933, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and Serratia marcescens ICU2-4 strains. This study demonstrates that fatty acid ethyl esters can be used to disrupt bacterial dormancy to combat persistent infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Kuili Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Sung Min Choi Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Inwha Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hoon Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA.
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17
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Baek M, Kim M, Lim JS, Morales LD, Hernandez J, Mummidi S, Williams-Blangero S, Jang IS, Tsin AT, Kim DJ. Epidermal-specific deletion of TC-PTP promotes UVB-induced epidermal cell survival through the regulation of Flk-1/JNK signaling. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:730. [PMID: 29955047 PMCID: PMC6023867 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
UVB exposure can contribute to the development of skin cancer by modulating protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) signaling. It has been suggested that UVB radiation increases the ligand-dependent activation of PTKs and induces PTP inactivation. Our recent studies have shown that T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) attenuates skin carcinogenesis induced by chemical regimens, which indicates its critical role in the prevention of skin cancer. In the current work, we report that TC-PTP increases keratinocyte susceptibility to UVB-induced apoptosis via the downregulation of Flk-1/JNK signaling. We showed that loss of TC-PTP led to resistance to UVB-induced apoptosis in vivo epidermis. We established immortalized primary keratinocytes (IPKs) from epidermal-specific TC-PTP-deficient (K14Cre.Ptpn2fl/fl) mice. Immortalized TC-PTP-deficient keratinocytes (TC-PTP/KO IPKs) showed increased cell survival against UVB-induced apoptosis which was concomitant with a UVB-mediated increase in Flk-1 phosphorylation, especially on tyrosine residue 1173. Inhibition of Flk-1 by either its specific inhibitors or siRNA in TC-PTP/KO IPKs reversed this effect and significantly increased cell death after UVB irradiation in comparison with untreated TC-PTP/KO IPKs. Immunoprecipitation analysis using the TC-PTP substrate-trapping mutant TCPTP-D182A indicated that TC-PTP directly interacts with Flk-1 to dephosphorylate it and their interaction was stimulated by UVB. Following UVB-mediated Flk-1 activation, the level of JNK phosphorylation was also significantly increased in TC-PTP/KO IPKs compared to control IPKs. Similar to our results with Flk-1, treatment of TC-PTP/KO IPKs with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 significantly increased apoptosis after UVB irradiation, confirming that the effect of TC-PTP on UVB-mediated apoptosis is regulated by Flk-1/JNK signaling. Western blot analysis showed that both phosphorylated Flk-1 and phosphorylated JNK were significantly increased in the epidermis of TC-PTP-deficient mice compared to control mice following UVB. Our results suggest that TC-PTP plays a protective role against UVB-induced keratinocyte cell damage by promoting apoptosis via negative regulation of Flk-1/JNK survival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Baek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.,College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Mihwa Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Jae Sung Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Liza D Morales
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Joselin Hernandez
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas Mummidi
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Williams-Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.,South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew T Tsin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA. .,Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA.
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18
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Sohn EJ, Kim JM, Kang SH, Kwon J, An HJ, Sung JS, Cho KA, Jang IS, Choi JS. Restoring Effects of Natural Anti-Oxidant Quercetin on Cellular Senescent Human Dermal Fibroblasts. Am J Chin Med 2018; 46:853-873. [PMID: 29737207 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative damage initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a major contributor to the functional decline and disability that characterizes aging. The anti-oxidant flavonoid, quercetin, is a plant polyphenol that may be beneficial for retarding the aging process. We examined the restoring properties of quercetin on human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Quercetin directly reduced either intracellular or extracellular ROS levels in aged HDFs. To find the aging-related target genes by quercetin, microarray analysis was performed and two up-regulated genes LPL and KCNE2 were identified. Silencing LPL increased the expression levels of senescence proteins such as p16INK4A and p53 and silencing KCNE2 reversed gene expressions of EGR1 and p-ERK in quercetin-treated aged HDFs. Silencing of LPL and KCNE2 decreased the expression levels of anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Also, the mitochondrial dysfunction in aged HDFs was ameliorated by quercetin treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that quercetin has restoring effect on the cellular senescence by down-regulation of senescence activities and up-regulation of the gene expressions of anti-oxidant enzymes in aged HDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Sohn
- * Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.,† Biological Disaster Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- ‡ Genoplan Korea, Inc. and NAR Center, Inc., Seoul 06221, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hui Kang
- † Biological Disaster Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Kwon
- † Biological Disaster Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- * Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- § Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung A Cho
- ¶ Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University, Medical School, Gwangju 61469 Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- † Biological Disaster Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- * Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.,† Biological Disaster Research Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
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Park SJ, Jang HJ, Hwang IH, Kim JM, Jo E, Lee MG, Jang IS, Joo JC. Cordyceps militaris Extract Inhibits the NF-κB pathway and Induces Apoptosis through MKK7-JNK Signaling Activation in TK-10 Human Renal Cell Carcinoma. Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous transcription factor, NF-κB, has been reported to inhibit apoptosis and induce drug resistance in cancer cells. Cordyceps militaris extract (CME) is involved in the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. However, the detailed role of CME in the suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway is unclear. We found that CME dose-dependently inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced NF-κB activation in TK-10 human renal cell carcinoma. CME prevented NF-κB from translocating to the nucleus, which resulted in the downregulation of GADD45B, upregulation of MKK7, and phosphorylation of JNK (p-JNK). The increased activation of Bax led to pronounced CME-induced apoptosis, which occurred through caspase-3. Furthermore, the siRNA-mediated knockdown of GADD45B inhibited MKK7 expression, whereas the siRNA-mediated inhibition of MKK7 downregulated p-JNK and the JNK inhibitor, SP600125, inhibited Bax expression. Thus, these results indicated that CME inhibited the activation of GADD45B via the inhibition of NF-κB activation, which upregulated the MKK7-JNK signaling pathway to induce apoptosis in TK-10 cells. Thus, this study reveals a novel anticancer function of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hu Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Genoplan Korea, Inc. and NAR Center, Inc., Seoul 06221, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Jo
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheon Joo
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
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Kim JS, Son SH, Kim MY, Choi D, Jang IS, Paik SS, Chae JH, Uversky VN, Kim CG. Diagnostic and prognostic relevance of CP2c and YY1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24389-24400. [PMID: 28412749 PMCID: PMC5421856 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated an oncogenic role of the transcription factor (TF) CP2c in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on a strong correlation between CP2c expression, tumor grade, and aggressiveness. We recently found that CP2c directly interacts with another TF, YY1, which is also overexpressed in multiple cancers, including HCC. To evaluate if these proteins are co-regulated in carcinogenesis, we analyzed the expression of CP2c and YY1 in HCC (n = 136) tissues and examined the correlation between their expression and clinicopathological characteristics of HCC. Receiver operating characteristic analysis exhibited the validity of CP2c and nuclear YY1 expression as a diagnostic factor in HCC tissues. High expression of CP2c was significantly correlated with patient age, and higher histological grade, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, and small and large vessel invasion in HCC tissues, whereas high expression of nuclear YY1 was significantly associated with higher AJCC stage and small vessel invasion. In univariate and multivariate analyses, high expression of CP2c was significantly correlated with disease free survival (DFS), indicating that CP2c expression is an independent prognostic factor for DFS in HCC patients. Patients with high expression of both CP2c and nuclear YY1 usually had a shorter median survival time and worse DFS prognosis than other patients, suggesting that combined detection of CP2c and nuclear YY1 is a useful prognostic marker in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sook Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.,Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seung Han Son
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - DongHo Choi
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Korea
| | - Seung Sam Paik
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chae
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Chul Geun Kim
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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Hwang IH, Oh SY, Jang HJ, Jo E, Joo JC, Lee KB, Yoo HS, Lee MY, Park SJ, Jang IS. Cordycepin promotes apoptosis in renal carcinoma cells by activating the MKK7-JNK signaling pathway through inhibition of c-FLIPL expression. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186489. [PMID: 29045468 PMCID: PMC5646797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a key anti-apoptotic regulator that associates with the signaling complex downstream of NF-κB, negatively interfering with apoptotic signaling. The role of c-FLIP downregulation by negative regulation of NF-κB signaling during apoptosis is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that NF-κB-mediated c-FLIPL negatively regulates the JNK signaling pathway, and that cordycepin treatment of human renal cancer cells leads to apoptosis induction through c-FLIPL inhibition. TNF-α-induced inflammatory microenvironments stimulated NF-κB signaling and the c-FLIP long form (c-FLIPL) in TK-10 cells. Specifically, cordycepin inhibited TNF-α-mediated NF-κB activation, which induced renal cancer cell apoptosis. Cordycepin downregulated GADD45B and c-FLIPL, but upregulated MKK7 and phospho-JNK, by preventing nuclear mobilization of NF-κB. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of GADD45B in cordycepin-treated TK-10 cells considerably increased MKK7 compared to cordycepin alone. siRNA-mediated knockdown of c-FLIPL prevented TNF-α-induced JNK inactivation, whereas c-FLIPL overexpression inhibited cordycepin-mediated JNK activation. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 strongly inhibited Bax expression. In nude mice, cordycepin significantly decreased tumor volume. Taken together, the results indicate that cordycepin inhibits TNF-α-mediated NF-κB/GADD45B signaling, which activates the MKK7-JNK signaling pathway through inhibition of c-FLIPL expression, thus inducing TK-10 cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hu Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yoon Oh
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Jo
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheon Joo
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Joo JC, Hwang JH, Jo E, Kim YR, Kim DJ, Lee KB, Park SJ, Jang IS. Cordycepin induces apoptosis by caveolin-1-mediated JNK regulation of Foxo3a in human lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12211-12224. [PMID: 28099944 PMCID: PMC5355338 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead transcription factor (Foxo3a) is a downstream effector of JNK-induced tumor suppression. However, it is not clear whether the caveolin-1 (CAV1)-mediated JNK/Foxo3a pathway is involved in cancer cell apoptosis. We found that cordycepin upregulates CAV1 expression, which was accompanied by JNK phosphorylation (p-JNK) and subsequent Foxo3a translocation into the nucleus, resulting in the upregulation of Bax protein expression. Furthermore, we found that CAV1 overexpression upregulated p-JNK, whereas CAV1 siRNA downregulated p-JNK. Additionally, SP600125, a specific JNK inhibitor, significantly increased Foxo3a phosphorylation, which downregulated Foxo3a translocation into the nucleus, indicating that CAV1 mediates JNK regulation of Foxo3a. Foxo3a siRNA downregulated Bax protein and attenuated A549 apoptosis, indicating that the CAV1-mediated JNK/Foxo3a pathway induces the apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells. Cordycepin significantly decreased tumor volume in nude mice. Taken together, these results indicate that cordycepin promotes CAV1 upregulation to enhance JNK/Foxo3a signaling pathway activation, inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells, and support its potential as a therapeutic agent for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Cheon Joo
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoo Hwang
- College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Jo
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rang Kim
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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Jo E, Jang HJ, Jang IS. Abstract 4308: Cordycepin induces apoptosis by caveolin-1-mediated JNK regulation of Foxo3a in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-4308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Forkhead transcription factor (Foxo3a) is a critical effector of JNK-mediated tumor suppression. However, it is not clear whether the caveolin-1 (CAV1)-mediated JNK/Foxo3a pathway is involved in cancer cell apoptosis. We found that cordycepin upregulates CAV1 expression, which was accompanied by JNK phosphorylation (p-JNK), and, subsequently Foxo3a translocation into the nucleus, resulting in the upregulation of Bax protein expression. Furthermore, we found that CAV1 overexpression upregulated p-JNK whereas CAV1 siRNA downregulated p-JNK. Additionally, SP600125, a specific JNK inhibitor, significantly increased Foxo3a phosphorylation, which attenuated Foxo3a translocation into the nucleus, indicating that CAV1 mediates JNK regulation of Foxo3a. Foxo3a siRNA downregulated Bax protein and attenuated A549 apoptosis, indicating that the CAV1-mediated JNK/Foxo3a pathway induces the apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells. Cordycepin significantly decreased tumor volume in nude mice. Taken together, these results indicate that cordycepin promotes CAV1 upregulation to enhance JNK/Foxo3a signaling pathway activation inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells and support its potential as a therapeutic agent for lung cancer.
Citation Format: Eunbi Jo, Hyun Jin Jang, Ik-Soon Jang. Cordycepin induces apoptosis by caveolin-1-mediated JNK regulation of Foxo3a in human lung adenocarcinoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4308. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4308
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbi Jo
- 1Korea Basic Science Inst., Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jang
- 2Korea Basic Science Inst., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- 1Korea Basic Science Inst., Daejon, Republic of Korea
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Yoo HS, Kim JM, Jo E, Cho CK, Lee SY, Kang HS, Lee MG, Yang PY, Jang IS. Modified Panax ginseng extract regulates autophagy by AMPK signaling in A549 human lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3287-3296. [PMID: 28440448 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng has been used worldwide as a traditional medicine for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The antiproliferative activity of ginseng has been increased after enzymatic processing of ginseng saponin, which may result in the accumulation of minor saponins, such as Rh2, Rg3, compound K and protopanaxatriol type (PPT) in modified regular ginseng extract (MRGX). In the present study, the anticancer activity and the associated mechanisms of MRGX were investigated using A549 human lung cancer cells. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of MRGX, we performed a microarray analysis of gene expression in the A549 cells. Molecular mechanisms that were associated with the anticancer activity of MRGX were studied, with a special focus on the autophagy-related multiple signaling pathways in lung cancer cells. Microarray analyses elucidated autophagy-related genes affected by MRGX. Administration of MRGX at 100 µg/ml induced punctate cytoplasmic expression of LC3, Beclin-1 and ATG5 and increased expression of endogenous LC3-II whereas 50 µg/ml did not inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells. Compared to the control cells, in cells treated with MRGX at 100 µg/ml, the level of p-Akt was increased, while that of mTOR-4EBP1 was decreased. Downregulation of mTOR and 4EBP1 in the MRGX-treated cells was found not to be a p-Ulk (S757)-dependent pathway, but a p-Ulk (S317)-dependent autophagic pathway, using AMPK. These data suggest that MRGX regulates AMPK and induces autophagy in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-122, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- NAR Center, Inc. & Genoplan Korea, Inc., Seoul 06221, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Jo
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-122, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeul Lee
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Su Kang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Pei-Ying Yang
- Departments of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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Hwang JH, Park SJ, Ko WG, Kang SM, Lee DB, Bang J, Park BJ, Wee CB, Kim DJ, Jang IS, Ko JH. Cordycepin induces human lung cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting nitric oxide mediated ERK/Slug signaling pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:417-432. [PMID: 28401001 PMCID: PMC5385633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule and a component of the inflammatory cascade. Besides, it is also involved in tumorigenesis. Aberrant upregulation and activation of the ERK cascade by NO often leads to tumor cell development. However, the role of ERK inactivation induced by the negative regulation of NO during apoptosis is not completely understood. In this study, treatment of A549 and PC9 human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines with cordycepin led to a reduction in their viability. Analysis of the effect of cordycepin treatment on ERK/Slug signaling activity in the A549 cell line revealed that LPS-induced inflammatory microenvironments could stimulate the expression of TNF-α, CCL5, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and upregulate NO, phospho-ERK (p-ERK), and Slug expression. In addition, constitutive expression of NO was observed. Cordycepin inhibited LPS-induced stimulation of iNOS, NO, p-ERK, and Slug expression. L-NAME, an inhibitor of NOS, inhibited p-ERK and Slug expression. It was also found that cordycepin-mediated inhibition of ERK downregulated Slug, whereas overexpression of ERK led to an upregulation of Slug levels in the cordycepin-treated A549 cells. Inhibition of Slug by siRNA induced Bax and caspase-3, leading to cordycepin-induced apoptosis. Cordycepin-mediated inhibition of ERK led to a reduction in phospho-GSK3β (p-GSK3β) and Slug levels, whereas LiCl, an inhibitor of GSK3β, upregulated p-GSK3β and Slug. Overall, the results obtained indicate that cordycepin inhibits the ERK/Slug signaling pathway through the activation of GSK3β which, in turn, upregulates Bax, leading to apoptosis of the lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoo Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Woosuk UniversityWanju 55338, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Mun Kang
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Bin Lee
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Bang
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Park
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Beum Wee
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburg, TX 78539, USA
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science InstituteDaejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Ko
- Department of Physiology, Chung-Ang University College of MedicineSeoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Kang SH, Hwang IH, Son E, Cho CK, Choi JS, Park SJ, Jang BC, Lee KB, Lee ZW, Lee JH, Yoo HS, Jang IS. Allergen-Removed Rhus verniciflua Extract Induces Ovarian Cancer Cell Death via JNK Activation. Am J Chin Med 2016; 44:1719-1735. [PMID: 27848251 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-[Formula: see text]B (NF-[Formula: see text]B)/Rel transcription factors are best known for their central roles in promoting cell survival in cancer. NF-[Formula: see text]B antagonizes tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text]-induced apoptosis through a process involving attenuation of the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). However, the role of JNK activation in apoptosis induced by negative regulation of NF-[Formula: see text]B is not completely understood. We found that allergen-removed Rhus verniciflua Stokes (aRVS) extract-mediated NF-[Formula: see text]B inhibition induces apoptosis in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells via the serial activation of caspases and SKOV-3 cells are most specifically suppressed by aRVS. Here, we show that in addition to activating caspases, aRVS extract negatively modulates the TNF-[Formula: see text]-mediated I[Formula: see text]B/NF-[Formula: see text]B pathway to promote JNK activation, which results in apoptosis. When the cytokine TNF-[Formula: see text] binds to the TNF receptor, I[Formula: see text]B dissociates from NF-[Formula: see text]B. As a result, the active NF-[Formula: see text]B translocates to the nucleus. aRVS extract (0.5[Formula: see text]mg/ml) clearly prevented NF-[Formula: see text]B from mobilizing to the nucleus, resulting in the upregulation of JNK phosphorylation. This subsequently increased Bax activation, leading to marked aRVS-induced apoptosis, whereas the JNK inhibitor SP600125 in aRVS extract treated SKOV-3 cells strongly inhibited Bax. Bax subfamily proteins induced apoptosis through caspase-3. Thus, these results indicate that aRVS extract contains components that inhibit NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling to upregulate JNK activation in ovarian cancer cells and support the potential of aRVS as a therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hui Kang
- * Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hu Hwang
- † Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunju Son
- ‡ Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- § East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- * Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea.,‡ Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Park
- ¶ Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Wanju, Jeonbuk, 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- ∥ Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- * Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Zee-Won Lee
- * Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Lee
- ** Department of Integrative Cancer Center, Woosuk Korean Medicine Hospital, Woosuk University, Jeonju 560-833, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- § East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- * Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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Kim JM, Hwang IH, Jang IS, Kim M, Bang IS, Park SJ, Chung YJ, Joo JC, Lee MG. Houttuynia cordata Thunb Promotes Activation of HIF-1A-FOXO3 and MEF2A Pathways to Induce Apoptosis in Human HepG2 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 16:360-372. [PMID: 27698266 PMCID: PMC5759946 DOI: 10.1177/1534735416670987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Houttuynia cordata Thunb (H cordata), a medicinal plant, has anticancer activity, as it inhibits cell growth and induces cell apoptosis in cancer. However, the potential anti-cancer activity and mechanism of H cordata for human liver cancer cells is not well understood. Recently, we identified hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1A, Forkhead box (FOX)O3, and MEF2A as proapoptotic factors induced by H cordata, suggesting that HIF-1A, FOXO3, and MEF2A contribute to the apoptosis of HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. FOXO3 transcription factors regulate target genes involved in apoptosis. H cordata significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1A and FOXO3 and stimulated MEF2A expression in addition to increased apoptosis in HepG2 cells within 24 hours. Therefore, we determined the potential role of FOXO3 on apoptosis and on H cordata–induced MEF2A in HepG2 cells. HIF-1A silencing by siRNA attenuated MEF2A and H cordata–mediated FOXO3 upregulation in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, H cordata–mediated MEF2A expression enhanced caspase-3 and caspase-7, which were abolished on silencing FOXO3 with siRNA. In addition, H cordata inhibited growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that H cordata enhances HIF-1A/FOXO3 signaling, leading to MEF2A upregulation in HepG2 cells, and in parallel, it disturbs the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL), which results in apoptosis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that H cordata promotes the activation of HIF-1A–FOXO3 and MEF2A pathways to induce apoptosis in human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and is, therefore, a promising candidate for antitumor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Kim
- 1 Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hu Hwang
- 2 Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- 3 Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- 3 Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soo Jung Park
- 5 Woosuk University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jo Chung
- 6 Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Min-Goo Lee
- 2 Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jang IS, Park JW, Jo EB, Cho CK, Lee YW, Yoo HS, Park J, Kim J, Jang BC, Choi JS. Growth inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of allergen-free Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract on A549 human lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3037-3043. [PMID: 27667098 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) or its extract has the potential to be used for the treatment of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. However, direct use of RVS or its extract as a herbal medicine has been limited due to the presence of urushiol, an allergenic toxin. In the present study, we prepared an extract of the allergen‑removed RVS (aRVS) based on a traditional method and investigated its inhibitory effect on the growth of various types of human cancer cells, including lung (A549), breast (MCF-7) and prostate (DU-145) cancer cell lines. Notably, among the cell lines tested, treatment with the aRVS extract strongly inhibited proliferation of the A549 cells at a 0.5 mg/ml concentration for 24 h that was not cytotoxic to normal human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, aRVS extract treatment largely reduced the survival and induced apoptosis of the A549 cells. At the mechanistic levels, treatment with the aRVS extract led to the downregulation of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 proteins, the activation of caspase-9/-3 proteins, an increase in cytosolic cytochrome c levels, the upregulation of Bax protein, an increase in phosphorylated p53 protein but a decrease in phosphorylated S6 protein in the A549 cells. Importantly, treatment with z-VAD‑fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor attenuated aRVS extract-induced apoptosis in the A549 cells. These results demonstrate firstly that aRVS extract has growth inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects on A549 human lung cancer cells through modulation of the expression levels and/or activities of caspases, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bax, p53 and S6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Jo
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Weol Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-100, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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Lee DG, Yang KE, Hwang JW, Kang HS, Lee SY, Choi S, Shin J, Jang IS, An HJ, Chung H, Jung HI, Choi JS. Degradation of Kidney and Psoas Muscle Proteins as Indicators of Post-Mortem Interval in a Rat Model, with Use of Lateral Flow Technology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160557. [PMID: 27552165 PMCID: PMC4995019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated potential protein markers of post-mortem interval (PMI) using rat kidney and psoas muscle. Tissue samples were taken at 12 h intervals for up to 96 h after death by suffocation. Expression levels of eight soluble proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Degradation patterns of selected proteins were clearly divided into three groups: short-term, mid-term, and long-term PMI markers based on the half maximum intensity of intact protein expression. In kidney, glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β were degraded completely within 48 h making them short-term PMI markers. AMP-activated protein kinase α, caspase 3 and GS were short-term PMI markers in psoas muscle. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was a mid-term PMI marker in both tissues. Expression levels of the typical long-term PMI markers, p53 and β-catenin, were constant for at least 96 h post-mortem in both tissues. The degradation patterns of GS and caspase-3 were verified by immunohistochemistry in both tissues. GAPDH was chosen as a test PMI protein to perform a lateral flow assay (LFA). The presence of recombinant GAPDH was clearly detected in LFA and quantified in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that LFA might be used to estimate PMI at a crime scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gi Lee
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Yang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Hwang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Soo Kang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeul Lee
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Choi
- National Core Research Center for Nanomedical Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonchul Shin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Chung
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- National Core Research Center for Nanomedical Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HIJ); (JSC)
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (HIJ); (JSC)
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Hwang JH, Joo JC, Kim DJ, Jo E, Yoo HS, Lee KB, Park SJ, Jang IS. Cordycepin promotes apoptosis by modulating the ERK-JNK signaling pathway via DUSP5 in renal cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1758-1771. [PMID: 27648363 PMCID: PMC5004077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling commonly occurs in tumors. The activation of ERK promotes cell proliferation, whereas that of JNK induces cell apoptosis. However, the apoptotic mechanism of ERK-JNK signaling in cancer is not well understood. Recently, we identified that apoptosis and activation of the JNK signaling pathway were induced after cordycepin treatment in human renal cancer, suggesting that JNK signaling might contribute to TK-10 cell apoptosis. We investigated the apoptotic effects of cordycepin by evaluating the activation of the ERK-JNK signaling pathway in renal cancer TK-10 cells. We found that cordycepin downregulated ERK and DUSP5, upregulated phosphorylated-JNK (p-JNK), and induced apoptosis. Moreover, we showed that siRNA-mediated inhibition of ERK downregulated DUSP5, whereas ERK overexpression upregulated DUSP5, and that DUSP5 knockdown by siRNA upregulated p-JNK. The JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 upregulated nuclear translocation of β-catenin, and downregulated Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), which has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling. Dkk1 knockdown by siRNA upregulated nuclear β-catenin, suggesting the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. DUSP5 overexpression in TK-10 cells decreased p-JNK and increased nuclear β-catenin. The decreased Bax activation markedly protected against cordycepin-induced apoptosis. Bax subfamily proteins induced apoptosis through caspase-3. Taken together, we show that JNK signaling activation by cordycepin mediated ERK inhibition, which might have induced Bax translocation and caspase-3 activation via regulation of DUSP5 in TK-10 cells, thereby promoting the apoptosis of TK-10 cells. Targeting ERK-JNK signaling via the apoptotic effects of cordycepin could be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoo Hwang
- College of Medicine, Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheon Joo
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang UniversityIksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande ValleyEdinburg, TX 78541, USA
| | - Eunbi Jo
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science InstituteDaejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon UniversityDaejeon 302-120, Republic of Kore
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science InstituteDaejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk UniversityWanju, Jeonbuk 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science InstituteDaejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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Hwang IH, Kwon YK, Cho CK, Lee YW, Sung JS, Joo JC, Lee KB, Yoo HS, Jang IS. Modified Panax ginseng Extract Inhibits uPAR-Mediated α5β1-Integrin Signaling by Modulating Caveolin-1 to Induce Early Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells. Am J Chin Med 2016; 44:1081-97. [PMID: 27430913 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Urokinase receptor (uPAR) is enhanced in many human cancer cells and is frequently an indicator of poor prognosis. Activation of [Formula: see text]1-integrin requires caveolin-1 and is regulated by uPAR. However, the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for the interaction between uPAR and [Formula: see text]1-integrin remains obscure. We found that modified regular Panax ginseng extract (MRGX) had a negative modulating effect on the uPAR/[Formula: see text]1-integrin interaction, disrupted the uPAR/integrin interaction by modulating caveoline-1, and caused early apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, we found that siRNA-mediated caveoline-1 downregulation inhibited uPAR-mediated [Formula: see text]1-integrin signaling, whereas caveoline-1 up-regulation stimulated the signaling, which suppressed p53 expression, thereby indicating negative crosstalk exists between the integrin [Formula: see text]1 and the p53 pathways. Thus, these findings identify a novel mechanism whereby the inhibition of [Formula: see text]1 integrin and the activation of p53 modulate the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins that are crucially involved in inducing apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells. Furthermore, MRGX causes changes in the expressions of members of the Bcl-2 family (Bax and Bcl-2) in a pro-apoptotic manner. In addition, MGRX-mediated inhibition of [Formula: see text]1 integrin attenuates ERK phosphorylation (p-ERK), which up-regulates caspase-8 and Bax. Therefore, ERK may affect mitochondria through a negative regulation of caspase-8 and Bax. Taken together, these findings reveal that MRGX is involved in uPAR-[Formula: see text]1-integrin signaling by modulating caveolin-1 signaling to induce early apoptosis in A549 lung-cancer cells and strongly indicate that MRGX might be useful as a herbal medicine and may lead to the development of new herbal medicine that would suppress the growth of lung-cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hu Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyun Kwon
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Weol Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Cheon Joo
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Wonkwang University Oriental Medical Hospital, Jeonju 54887, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
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Jang HJ, Jo E, Chung YH, Park J, Park SJ, Jang IS. Abstract 2847: Phenyl 2-pyridyl ketoxime induces cellular senescence-like alterations via NO production in human diploid fibroblasts. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phenyl-2-pyridyl ketoxime (PPKO) was found to be one of small molecules enriched in the extracellular matrix of near-senescent human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). Treatment of young HDFs with PPKO reduced the viability of young HDFs in a dose and time-dependent manner, and resulted in senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining and G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, the levels of some senescence-associated proteins, such as phosphorylated ERK1/2, caveolin-1, p53, p16ink4a, and p21waf1, were elevated in PPKO-treated cells. To monitor the effect of PPKO on cell stress responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was examined by flow cytometry. After PPKO treatment, ROS levels transiently increased at 30 min but then returned to baseline at 60 min. The levels of some antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, peroxiredoxin II, and glutathione peroxidase I, were transiently induced by PPKO treatment. SOD II levels increased gradually, whereas the SOD I and III levels were biphasic during the experimental periods after PPKO treatment. Cellular senescence induced by PPKO was suppressed by chemical antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy and L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine. Furthermore, PPKO increased nitric oxide (NO) production via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in HDFs. In the presence of NOS inhibitors, such as L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester and L-NG-monomethylarginine, PPKO-induced transient NO production and SA-β-gal staining were abrogated. Taken together, these results suggest that PPKO induces cellular senescence in association with transient ROS and NO production and the subsequent induction of senescence-associated proteins.
Citation Format: Hyun-Jin Jang, Eunbi Jo, Young-Ho Chung, JunSoo Park, Sung-Jun Park, Ik-Soon Jang. Phenyl 2-pyridyl ketoxime induces cellular senescence-like alterations via NO production in human diploid fibroblasts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2847.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Jang
- 1Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Jo
- 1Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Chung
- 1Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - JunSoo Park
- 2Yonsei University, WonJu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jun Park
- 1Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- 1Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejon, Republic of Korea
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Hwang IH, Park J, Kim JM, Kim SI, Choi JS, Lee KB, Yun SH, Lee MG, Park SJ, Jang IS. Tetraspanin-2 promotes glucotoxic apoptosis by regulating the JNK/β-catenin signaling pathway in human pancreatic β cells. FASEB J 2016; 30:3107-16. [PMID: 27247127 PMCID: PMC5001516 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600240rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex and heterogeneous disease, which has β-cell
dysfunction at its core. Glucotoxicity affects pancreatic islets, causing
β-cell apoptosis. However, the role of JNK/β-catenin signaling in
glucotoxic β-cell apoptosis is not well understood. Recently, we identified
tetraspanin-2 (TSPAN2) protein as a proapoptotic β-cell factor induced by
glucose, suggesting that TSPAN2 might contribute to pancreatic β-cell
glucotoxicity. To investigate the effects of glucose concentration on TSPAN2
expression and apoptosis, we used reverted immortalized RNAKT-15 human pancreatic
β cells. High TSPAN2 levels up-regulated phosphorylated (p) JNK and induced
apoptosis. p-JNK enhanced the phosphorylation of β-catenin and Dickkopf-1
(Dkk1). Dkk1 knockdown by small interfering (si)RNA up-regulated nuclear
β-catenin, suggesting that it is a JNK/β-catenin-dependent pathway.
siRNA-mediated TSPAN2 depletion in RNAKT-15 cells increased nuclear β-catenin.
This decreased BCL2-associated X protein (Bax) activation, leading to marked
protection against high glucose–induced apoptosis. Bax subfamily proteins
induced apoptosis through caspase-3. Thus, TSPAN2 might have induced Bax
translocation and caspase-3 activation in pancreatic β cells, thereby
promoting the apoptosis of RNAKT-15 cells by regulating the JNK/β-catenin
pathway in response to high glucose concentrations. Targeting TSPAN2 could be a
potential therapeutic strategy to treat glucose toxicity-induced β-cell
failure.—Hwang, I.-H., Park, J., Kim, J. M., Kim, S. I., Choi, J.-S., Lee,
K.-B., Yun, S. H., Lee, M.-G., Park, S. J., Jang, I.-S. Tetraspanin-2 promotes
glucotoxic apoptosis by regulating the JNK/β-catenin signaling pathway in
human pancreatic β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hu Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- NAR Center, Inc., Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea; and
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea; and
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea; and
| | - Sung Ho Yun
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea; and
| | - Min-Goo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jung Park
- Sangji University College of Korean Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea; and
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Namkoong S, Lee KI, Lee JI, Park R, Lee EJ, Jang IS, Park J. The integral membrane protein ITM2A, a transcriptional target of PKA-CREB, regulates autophagic flux via interaction with the vacuolar ATPase. Autophagy 2016; 11:756-68. [PMID: 25951193 PMCID: PMC4509440 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1034412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The PKA-CREB signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes including autophagy. Recent studies demonstrated that PKA-CREB inhibits autophagy in yeast; however, the role of PKA-CREB signaling in mammalian cell autophagy has not been fully characterized. Here, we report that the integral membrane protein ITM2A expression is positively regulated by PKA-CREB signaling and ITM2A expression interferes with autophagic flux by interacting with vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase). The ITM2A promoter contains a CRE element, and mutation at the CRE consensus site decreases the promoter activity. Forskolin treatment and PKA expression activate the ITM2A promoter confirming that ITM2A expression is dependent on the PKA-CREB pathway. ITM2A expression results in the accumulation of autophagosomes and interferes with autolysosome formation by blocking autophagic flux. We demonstrated that ITM2A physically interacts with v-ATPase and inhibits lysosomal function. These results support the notion that PKA-CREB signaling pathway regulates ITM2A expression, which negatively regulates autophagic flux by interfering with the function of v-ATPase.
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Key Words
- BafA1, bafilomycin A1
- CRE, cAMP response element
- CREB
- CREB, cAMP responsive element binding protein
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- EBSS, Earle's balanced salt solution
- ITM2A
- ITM2A, integral membrane protein 2A
- LAMP1, lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1
- MAP1LC3B/LC3B, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin
- PKA
- PKA, protein kinase A
- SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
- autophagy
- cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate
- tfLC3, tandem fluorescent-tagged LC3
- v-ATPase
- v-ATPase, vacuolar ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sim Namkoong
- a Division of Biological Science and Technology; Yonsei University ; Wonju , Korea
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Lim JS, Nguyen KCT, Han JM, Jang IS, Fabian C, Cho KA. Direct Regulation of TLR5 Expression by Caveolin-1. Mol Cells 2015; 38:1111-7. [PMID: 26615831 PMCID: PMC4697003 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is a specific receptor for microbial flagellin and is one of the most well-known receptors in the TLR family. We reported previously that TLR5 signaling is well maintained during aging and that caveolin-1 may be involved in TLR5 signaling in aged macrophages through direct interactions. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether caveolin-1/TLR5 interactions affect TLR5 expression during aging. To assess the effect of caveolin-1 on TLR5, we analyzed TLR5 expression in senescent fibroblasts and aged tissues expressing high levels of caveolin-1. As expected, TLR5 mRNA and protein expression was well maintained in senescent fibroblasts and aged tissues, whereas TLR4 mRNA and protein were diminished in those cells and tissues. To determine the mechanism of caveolin-1-dependent TLR5 expression, we examined TLR5 expression in caveolin-1 deficient mice. Interestingly, TLR5 mRNA and protein levels were decreased dramatically in tissues from caveolin-1 knockout mice. Moreover, overexpressed caveolin-1 in vitro enhanced TLR5 mRNA through the MAPK pathway and prolonged TLR5 protein half-life through direct interaction. These results suggest that caveolin-1 may play a crucial role in maintaining of TLR5 by regulating transcription systems and increasing protein half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746,
Korea
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-809,
Korea
| | - Kim Cuc Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746,
Korea
- Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746,
Korea
| | - Jung Min Han
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749,
Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 406-840,
Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333,
Korea
| | - Claire Fabian
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 04103 Leipzig,
Germany
- Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig,
Germany
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746,
Korea
- Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746,
Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-746,
Korea
- Clinical Vaccine R&D Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 519-809,
Korea
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Jang HJ, Chung YH, Park J, Jang IS. Abstract 1016: Caveolin-1-dependent and -independent uPAR signaling pathways contribute to ganglioside GT1b-induced early apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Urokinase receptor interacts with α5β1-integrin and enhances cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Activation of α5β1-integrin requires caveolin-1 and is regulated by uPAR, which upregulates persistently the activated ERK necessary for tumor growth. In this study, we show that the ganglioside GT1b induces proapoptotic signaling through two uPAR-ERK signaling pathways in A549 lung cancer cells. GT1b downregulated the expression of α5β1 integrin, caveolin-1, fibronectin, FAK, and ERK, whereas GT1b upregulated the expression of p53 and uPAR, suggesting GT1b mediated depletion of caveolin-1 in uPAR-expressing A549 cells also disrupts uPAR/integrin complexes, resulting in downregulation of fibronectin-α5β1-integrin-ERK signaling. Following p53 siRNA treatment, FAK and ERK expression was recovered, meaning the presence of reentry uPAR-FAK-ERK signaling pathway. These findings reveal that GT1b is involved in both caveolin-1-dependent uPAR-α5β1-integrin-ERK signaling and caveolin-1-independent uPAR-FAK-ERK signaling. These results suggest a novel function of GT1b as a dual regulator of ERK by modulating caveolin-1 and p53
Citation Format: Hyun-Jin Jang, Young-Ho Chung, Junsoo Park, Ik-Soon Jang. Caveolin-1-dependent and -independent uPAR signaling pathways contribute to ganglioside GT1b-induced early apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1016. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1016
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Jang
- 1Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Chung
- 1Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- 2Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- 1Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejon, Republic of Korea
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Kwon YK, Lee SY, Kang HS, Sung JS, Cho CK, Yoo HS, Shin S, Choi JS, Lee YW, Jang IS. Differential Expression of Gene Profiles in MRGX-treated Lung Cancer. J Pharmacopuncture 2015; 16:30-8. [PMID: 25780673 PMCID: PMC4331971 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2013.16.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Modified regular ginseng extract (MRGX) has stronger anti-cancer activity-possessing gensenoside profiles. Methods: To investigate changes in gene expression in the MRGX-treated lung cancer cells (A549), we examined genomic data with cDNA microarray results. After completing the gene-ontology-based analysis, we grouped the genes into up-and down-regulated profiles and into ontology-related regulated genes and proteins through their interaction network. Results: One hundred nine proteins that were up- and down-regulated by MRGX were queried by using IPA. IL8, MMP7 and PLAUR and were found to play a major role in the anti-cancer activity in MRGX-treated lung cancer cells. These results were validated using a Western blot analysis and a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Conclusions: Most MRGX-responsive genes are up-regulated transiently in A549 cells, but down-regulated in a sustained manner in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kyun Kwon
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeul Lee
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwan-Soo Kang
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seungjin Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeon-Weol Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
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Ji IJ, Hua S, Shin DH, Seo N, Hwang JY, Jang IS, Kang MG, Choi JS, An HJ. Spatially-Resolved Exploration of the Mouse Brain Glycome by Tissue Glyco-Capture (TGC) and Nano-LC/MS. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2869-77. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504339t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- In Jung Ji
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Serenus Hua
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Dong Hee Shin
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Nari Seo
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Jae Yun Hwang
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division
of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Myoung-Goo Kang
- Center
for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Division
of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Asia Glycomics Reference Site, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Hwang JH, Sung JS, Kim JM, Chung YH, Park JS, Lee SH, Jang IS. Caveolin-1-dependent and -independent uPAR signaling pathways contribute to ganglioside GT1b induced early apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:801-810. [PMID: 25520869 PMCID: PMC4266713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Urokinase receptor interacts with α5β1-integrin and enhances cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. Activation of α5β1-integrin requires caveolin-1 and is regulated by uPAR, which upregulates persistently the activated ERK necessary for tumor growth. In this study, we show that the ganglioside GT1b induces proapoptotic signaling through two uPAR-ERK signaling pathways in A549 lung cancer cells. GT1b downregulated the expression of α5β1 integrin, caveolin-1, fibronectin, FAK, and ERK, whereas GT1b upregulated the expression of p53 and uPAR, suggesting GT1b mediated depletion of caveolin-1 in uPAR-expressing A549 cells also disrupts uPAR/integrin complexes, resulting in downregulation of fibronectin-α5β1-integrin-ERK signaling. Following p53 siRNA treatment, FAK and ERK expression was recovered, meaning the presence of reentry uPAR-FAK-ERK signaling pathway. These findings reveal that GT1b is involved in both caveolin-1-dependent uPAR-α5β1-integrin-ERK signaling and caveolin-1-independent uPAR-FAK-ERK signaling. These results suggest a novel function of GT1b as a dual regulator of ERK by modulating caveolin-1 and p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoo Hwang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science InstituteDaejeon 305-333, Korea
- Hyundai Senior High SchoolSeoul 127, Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk UniversitySeoul 100-715, Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- NAR Center, Daejeon UniversityDaejeon 301-724, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Chung
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science InstituteDaejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - Jun Soo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei UniversityWonju 220-100, Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Division of Life Science, Yongin UniversityYongin 449-714, Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science InstituteDaejeon 305-333, Korea
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Hwang JW, Baek YM, Jang IS, Yang KE, Lee DG, Yoon SJ, Rho J, Cho CK, Lee YW, Kwon KR, Yoo HS, Sung JS, Kim S, Park JW, Jang BC, Choi JS. An enzymatically fortified ginseng extract inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of KATO3 human gastric cancer cells via modulation of Bax, mTOR, PKB and IκBα. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:670-6. [PMID: 25333578 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulative evidence suggests ginseng extract and/or its major components, ginsenosides and compound K, a metabolized ginseng saponin, have anti-cancer effects. In the present study, the effects of a ginseng butanolic extract (GBX) and an enzymatically fortified ginseng extract (FGX), with enriched ginsenosides and compound K, on the growth of KATO3 human gastric cancer cells were investigated using a cell viability assay. While treatment with GBX at 31.25-125 mg/ml for 24 h did not affect the proliferation of KATO3 cells, FGX under the same conditions inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, Annexin V/PI-staining and flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the population of apoptotic KATO3 cells was increased following treatment with FGX, which was greater than in the GBX-treated cells, suggesting that FGX had a stronger apoptotic effect than GBX. To investigate the underlying mechanism of the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of the ginseng extracts, apoptosis-associated proteins were assessed using western blot analysis. The data revealed higher expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein (Bax), lower expression of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor α (IκBα) and reduced phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and protein kinase B (PKB) in the FGX-treated KATO3 cells than in the GBX-treated cells. Collectively, these results demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that FGX had stronger anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on KATO3 cells than GBX. The anti-proliferative and/or pro-apoptotic effects of FGX appeared to be mediated via the upregulation of Bax, IκBα proteolysis (activation of nuclear factor-κB) and the blocking of mTOR and PKB signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Won Hwang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305‑333, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Baek
- East‑West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302‑120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305‑333, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Yang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305‑333, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gi Lee
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305‑333, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Yoon
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305‑764, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaerang Rho
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305‑764, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East‑West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302‑120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Weol Lee
- East‑West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302‑120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Rok Kwon
- Research Center of Pharmacopucture Medicine, Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute, Seoul 157‑200, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East‑West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302‑120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Seoul, Seoul 100‑715, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wook Park
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305‑333, Republic of Korea
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Park EC, Kim SI, Hong Y, Hwang JW, Cho GS, Cha HN, Han JK, Yun CH, Park SY, Jang IS, Lee ZW, Choi JS, Kim S, Kim GH. Inhibition of CYP4A reduces hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and features of diabetes in mice. Gastroenterology 2014; 147:860-9. [PMID: 24983671 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ER stress activates the unfolded protein response pathway, which contributes to apoptosis and insulin resistance. We investigated the roles of cytochrome P450 4A (CYP4A) in the regulation of hepatic ER stress, insulin resistance, and the development of diabetes in mice. METHODS We used mass spectrometry to compare levels of CYP450 proteins in livers from C57BL/6J and C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mice; findings were confirmed by immunoblot and real-time PCR analyses. To create a model of diet-induced diabetes, C57BL/6J mice were placed on high-fat diets. Mice were given intraperitoneal injections of an inhibitor (HET0016) or an inducer (clofibrate) of CYP4A, or tail injections of small hairpin RNAs against CYP4A messenger RNA; liver tissues were collected and analyzed for ER stress, insulin resistance, and apoptosis. The effect of HET0016 and CYP4A knockdown also were analyzed in HepG2 cells. RESULTS Levels of the CYP4A isoforms were highly up-regulated in livers of db/db mice compared with C57BL/6J mice. Inhibition of CYP4A in db/db and mice on high-fat diets reduced features of diabetes such as insulin hypersecretion, hepatic steatosis, and increased glucose tolerance. CYP4A inhibition reduced levels of ER stress, insulin resistance, and apoptosis in the livers of diabetic mice; it also restored hepatic functions. Inversely, induction of CYP4A accelerated ER stress, insulin resistance, and apoptosis in livers of db/db mice. CONCLUSIONS CYP4A proteins are up-regulated in livers of mice with genetically induced and diet-induced diabetes. Inhibition of CYP4A in mice reduces hepatic ER stress, apoptosis, insulin resistance, and steatosis. Strategies to reduce levels or activity of CYP4A proteins in liver might be developed for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhee Hong
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Won Hwang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Sik Cho
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Na Cha
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kwan Han
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zee-Won Lee
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gun-Hwa Kim
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Lee DG, Jang SI, Kim YR, Yang KE, Yoon SJ, Lee ZW, An HJ, Jang IS, Choi JS, Yoo HS. Anti-proliferative effects of ginsenosides extracted from mountain ginseng on lung cancer. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 22:344-52. [PMID: 25159864 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of three major ginsenosides from mountain ginseng as anticancer substance and explore the underlying mechanism involved in lung cancer. METHODS The inhibitory proliferation of lung cancer by major five ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rg1, Rc, and Re) was examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Calculated 50% inhibition (IC50) values of five ginsenosides were determined and compared each other. Apoptosis by the treatment of single ginsenoside was performed by fluorescence-assisted cytometric spectroscopy. The alterations of apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The abundance of ginsenosides in butanol extract of mountain ginseng (BX-MG) was revealed in the order of Rb1, Rg1, Re, Rc and Rb2. Among them, Rb1 was the most effective to lung cancer cell, followed by Rb2 and Rg1 on the basis of relative IC50 values of IMR90 versus A549 cell. The alterations of apoptotic proteins were confirmed in lung cancer A549 cells according to the administration of Rb1, Rb2 and Rg1. The expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 were increased upon the treatment of three ginsenosides, however, the levels of caspase-9 and anti-apoptotic protein Bax were not changed. CONCLUSION Major ginsenosides such as Rb1, Rb2 and Rg1 comprising BX-MG induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells via extrinsic apoptotic pathway rather than intrinsic mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gyu Lee
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Jang
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, 302-122, Korea
| | - Young-Rang Kim
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Yang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, Korea
| | - So Jung Yoon
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, Korea.,Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea
| | - Zee-Won Lee
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea.
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, 305-333, Korea. .,Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea.
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, 302-122, Korea
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Ryu HW, Choi SH, Namkoong S, Jang IS, Seo DH, Choi I, Kim HS, Park J. Simulated microgravity contributes to autophagy induction by regulating AMP-activated protein kinase. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:128-35. [PMID: 24387300 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to microgravity is supposed to affect almost all biological systems, and we speculated that microgravity is potentially involved in autophagy regulation. A clinostat was used to simulate microgravity, and HEK293 cells that stably express GFP-LC3 were used for sensitive monitoring of autophagy induction. The clinorotation of GFP-LC3 cells resulted in autophagosome formation in the cytoplasm and a change in autophagosomal marker expression. Autophagy induction was accompanied by phosphorylation of AMPK (Thr 172) and by the dephosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin. To elucidate the role of AMPK in microgravity-induced autophagy, we suppressed AMPK expression by knockdown via siRNA, which inhibited the induction of autophagy upon exposure to microgravity. In addition, the clinorotation of C2C12 myotube cells resulted in the enlarged and distinctive LC3 spots in the cytoplasm and AMPK activation. These results indicate that simulated microgravity possibly contributes to autophagy induction by regulating AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Wook Ryu
- 1 Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University , Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Shin DH, Cha YJ, Yang KE, Jang IS, Son CG, Kim BH, Kim JM. Ginsenoside Rg3 up-regulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human dermal papilla cells and mouse hair follicles. Phytother Res 2013; 28:1088-95. [PMID: 24375856 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Crude Panax ginseng has been documented to possess hair growth activity and is widely used to treat alopecia, but the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on hair growth have not to our knowledge been determined. The aim of the current study was to identify the molecules through which Rg3 stimulates hair growth. The thymidine incorporation for measuring cell proliferation was determined. We used DNA microarray analysis to measure gene expression levels in dermal papilla (DP) cells upon treatment with Rg3. The mRNA and protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human DP cells were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. We also used immunohistochemistry assays to detect in vivo changes in VEGF and 3-stemness marker expressions in mouse hair follicles. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed dose-dependent increases in VEGF mRNA levels on treatment with Rg3. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that expression of VEGF was significantly up-regulated by Rg3 in a dose-dependent manner in human DP cells and in mouse hair follicles. In addition, the CD8 and CD34 were also up-regulated by Rg3 in the mouse hair follicles. It may be concluded that Rg3 might increase hair growth through stimulation of hair follicle stem cells and it has the potential to be used in hair growth products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Shin
- R&D Center, Somang Cosmetics Corporation, 687-14 Kozan-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 405-310, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
CONTEXT Sophora flavescens Ait. (Leguminosae) has been proposed as a new whitening agent for cosmetics, because it has a strong ability to inhibit tyrosinase, a key enzyme in the formation of melanin. OBJECTIVE We conducted a study to determine whether ethanol extract of the roots of S. flavescens has the potential for use as a whitening cosmetic agent by investigating its underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS To elucidate the mechanism of action of S. flavescens extract, we used DNA microarray technology. We investigated the changes in the mRNA levels of genes associated with the formation and transport of melanosomes. We also identified the formation and transport of melanosomes with immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses. Finally, the skin-whitening effect in vivo of S. flavescens extract was analyzed on human skin. RESULTS We found that S. flavescens extract strongly inhibited tyrosinase activity (IC50, 10.4 μg/mL). Results also showed that key proteins involved in the formation and transport of melanosomes were dramatically downregulated at both mRNA and protein level in keratinocytes exposed to S. flavescens extract. In addition, a clinical trial of a cream containing 0.05% S. flavescens extract on human skin showed it had a significant effect on skin whitening by mechanical and visual evaluation (1.14-fold). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study provides important clues toward understanding the effects of S. flavescens extract on the formation and transport of melanosomes. From these results, we suggest that naturally occurring S. flavescens extract might be useful as a new whitening agent in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Shin
- R&D Center, Somang Cosmetics Corporation , Namdong-gu, Incheon , Republic of Korea
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Ryu HW, Oh WK, Jang IS, Park J. Amurensin G induces autophagy and attenuates cellular toxicities in a rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 433:121-6. [PMID: 23485458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder its cause is still unknown. Recently, several reports showed that inducers of autophagy attenuate cellular toxicities in Parkinson's disease models. In this report we screened HEK293 cells that stably express GFP-LC3, a marker of autophagy, for autophagy inducers and identified amurensin G, a compound isolated from the wild grape (Vitis amurensis). Amurensin G treatment induced punctate cytoplasmic expression of GFP-LC3 and increased the expression level of endogenous LC3-II. Incubation of human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells with amurensin G attenuated the cellular toxicities of rotenone in a model of Parkinson's disease. Amurensin G inhibited rotenone-induced apoptosis and interfered with rotenone-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. In addition, knockdown of beclin1, a regulator of autophagy, abolished the effect of amurensin G. These data collectively indicate that amurensin G attenuates cellular toxicities through the induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Wook Ryu
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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Kim GH, Park EC, Yun SH, Hong Y, Lee DG, Shin EY, Jung J, Kim YH, Lee KB, Jang IS, Lee ZW, Chung YH, Choi JS, Cheong C, Kim S, Kim SI. Proteomic and bioinformatic analysis of membrane proteome in type 2 diabetic mouse liver. Proteomics 2013; 13:1164-79. [PMID: 23349036 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent and serious metabolic disease affecting people worldwide. T2DM results from insulin resistance of the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. In this study, we used proteomic and bioinformatic methodologies to identify novel hepatic membrane proteins that are related to the development of hepatic insulin resistance, steatosis, and T2DM. Using FT-ICR MS, we identified 95 significantly differentially expressed proteins in the membrane fraction of normal and T2DM db/db mouse liver. These proteins are primarily involved in energy metabolism pathways, molecular transport, and cellular signaling, and many of them have not previously been reported in diabetic studies. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that 16 proteins may be related to the regulation of insulin signaling in the liver. In addition, six proteins are associated with energy stress-induced, nine proteins with inflammatory stress-induced, and 14 proteins with endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced hepatic insulin resistance. Moreover, we identified 19 proteins that may regulate hepatic insulin resistance in a c-Jun amino-terminal kinase-dependent manner. In addition, three proteins, 14-3-3 protein beta (YWHAB), Slc2a4 (GLUT4), and Dlg4 (PSD-95), are discovered by comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, which have correlations with several proteins identified by proteomics approach. The newly identified proteins in T2DM should provide additional insight into the development and pathophysiology of hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, and they may serve as useful diagnostic markers and/or therapeutic targets for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-Hwa Kim
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Lee H, Jang IS, Park J, Kim SH, Baek SY, Go SH, Lee SH. Systemic immune modulation induced by alcoholic beverage intake in obese-diabetes (db/db) mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 53:286-93. [PMID: 23261674 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol over-consumption is generally immunosuppressive. In this study, the effects of single or repetitive alcohol administration on the systemic immunity of db/db mice were observed to clarify the possible mechanisms for the increased susceptibility of obese individuals to alcohol-related immunological health problems. Alcohol (as a form of commercially available 20% distilled-alcoholic beverage) was orally administered one-time or seven times over 2 weeks to db/db mice and normal C57BL/6J mice. Immunologic alterations were analyzed by observation of body weight and animal activity, along with proportional changes of splenocytes for natural killer cells, macrophages, and T and B lymphocytes. Modulation of plasma cytokine level and immune-related genes were also ascertained by micro-bead assay and a microarray method, respectively. The immune micro-environment of db/db mice was an inflammatory state and adaptive cellular immunity was significantly suppressed. Low-dose alcohol administration reversed the immune response, decreasing inflammatory responses and the increment of adaptive immunity mainly related to CD4(+) T cells, but not CD8(+) T cells, to normal background levels. Systemic immune modulation due to alcohol administration in the obese-diabetic mouse model may be useful in the understanding of the induction mechanism, which will aid the development of therapeutics for related secondary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunah Lee
- Office of Biomedical Professors, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Il-Won Dong, Kang-Nam Gu, Seoul 135-710, Republic of Korea.
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Namkoong S, Lee EJ, Jang IS, Park J. Elevated level of human RPA interacting protein α (hRIPα) in cervical tumor cells is involved in cell proliferation through regulating RPA transport. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:3753-60. [PMID: 23010595 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Replication protein A (RPA) is a eukaryotic single-stranded DNA binding protein that is essential for DNA replication, repair, and recombination, and human RPA interacting protein α (hRIPα) is the nuclear transporter of RPA. Here, we report the regulatory role of hRIPα protein in cell proliferation. Western blot analysis revealed that the level of hRIPα was frequently elevated in cervical tumors tissues and hRIPα knockdown by siRNA inhibited cellular proliferation through deregulation of the cell cycle. In addition, overexpression of hRIPα resulted in increased clonogenicity. These results indicate that hRIPα is involved in cell proliferation through regulation of RPA transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sim Namkoong
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-100, Republic of Korea
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Yoon CH, Rho SB, Kim ST, Kho S, Park J, Jang IS, Woo S, Kim SS, Lee JH, Lee SH. Crucial role of TSC-22 in preventing the proteasomal degradation of p53 in cervical cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42006. [PMID: 22870275 PMCID: PMC3411576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor function can be compromised in many tumors by the cellular antagonist HDM2 and human papillomavirus oncogene E6 that induce p53 degradation. Restoration of p53 activity has strong therapeutic potential. Here, we identified TSC-22 as a novel p53-interacting protein and show its novel function as a positive regulator of p53. We found that TSC-22 level was significantly down-regulated in cervical cancer tissues. Moreover, over-expression of TSC-22 was sufficient to inhibit cell proliferation, promote cellular apoptosis in cervical cancer cells and suppress growth of xenograft tumors in mice. Expression of also TSC-22 enhanced the protein level of p53 by protecting it from poly-ubiquitination. When bound to the motif between amino acids 100 and 200 of p53, TSC-22 inhibited the HDM2- and E6-mediated p53 poly-ubiquitination and degradation. Consequently, ectopic over-expression of TSC-22 activated the function of p53, followed by increased expression of p21Waf1/Cip1 and PUMA in human cervical cancer cell lines. Interestingly, TSC-22 did not affect the interaction between p53 and HDM2. Knock-down of TSC-22 by small interfering RNA clearly enhanced the poly-ubiquitination of p53, leading to the degradation of p53. These results suggest that TSC-22 acts as a tumor suppressor by safeguarding p53 from poly-ubiquitination mediated-degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Hee Yoon
- Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seong-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Yongin University, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seongho Kho
- Department of Life Science, Yongin University, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- Division of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Daegeon Center, Daegion, Korea
| | - Seonock Woo
- South Sea Environment Research Department, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Geoje, Korea
| | - Sung Soon Kim
- Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, National Institute of Health, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Je-Ho Lee
- School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (J-HL); (S-HL)
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Yongin University, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- * E-mail: (J-HL); (S-HL)
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