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Wziątek-Kuczmik D, Mrowiec A, Niedzielska I, Stanek A, Cholewka A. Registration of thermal images of dead teeth to identify odontogenic infection foci. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21405. [PMID: 39271953 PMCID: PMC11399271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Infrared thermal imaging (IRT) remotely and contactless maps the temperature on the examined surface, recording the distribution of infrared radiation emitted by each body whose temperature is higher than absolute zero. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of thermography in the assessment of asymptomatic infection foci in patients with high systemic infection. The 150 cases diagnosed based on roentgenograms, divided into 6 groups of diagnosed odontogenic lesions, along with a control group. Thermal imaging was performed with a FLIR Systems T1020 thermal camera. Thermal image analysis was performed using ThermaCAM Researcher Pro 2.10, MS Office Excel 2022 and Statistica 10. The periapical areas of selected dead teeth were selected as areas of interest. The Mann Whitney's U test showed statistically significant (p < 0.001) differences in average temperature between each patient's and healthy group. Depper's analysis showed statistical significance also between the ZM and BZ groups (p = 0.004). Moreover, obtained results may also suggest that thermal imaging can be useful in identify odontogenic infection foci. The thermal asymmetry of periapical tissues of teeth differentiates dead from living teeth, as well as individual pathologies related to the process of gangrenous pulp decay. Thermographic mapping is a promising diagnostic technique that can detect asymptomatic inflammations that carry the risk of infection of the entire body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Wziątek-Kuczmik
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Mrowiec
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 40-007, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Iwona Niedzielska
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Stanek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902, Bytom, Poland
| | - Armand Cholewka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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Kesztyüs D, Brucher S, Wilson C, Kesztyüs T. Use of Infrared Thermography in Medical Diagnosis, Screening, and Disease Monitoring: A Scoping Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2139. [PMID: 38138242 PMCID: PMC10744680 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Thermography provides non-invasive, radiation-free diagnostic imaging. Despite the extensive literature on medical thermography, a comprehensive overview of current applications is lacking. Hence, the aim of this scoping review is to identify the medical applications of passive infrared thermography and to catalogue the technical and environmental modalities. The diagnostic performance of thermography and the existence of specific reference data are evaluated, and research gaps and future tasks identified. The entire review process followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) approach and the results are reported according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The scoping review protocol is registered at the Open Science Framework (OSF). PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, Web of Science, OpenGrey, OSF, and PROSPERO were searched using pretested search strategies based on the Population, Concept, Context (PCC) approach. According to the eligibility criteria, references were screened by two researchers independently. Seventy-two research articles were identified describing screening, diagnostic, or monitoring studies investigating the potential of thermography in a total of 17,314 participants within 38 different health conditions across 13 therapeutic areas. The use of several camera models from various manufacturers is described. These and other facts and figures are compiled and presented in a detailed, descriptive tabular and visual format. Thermography offers promising diagnostic capabilities, alone or in addition to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Kesztyüs
- Medical Data Integration Centre, Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Centre, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (C.W.); (T.K.)
| | - Sabrina Brucher
- Institute for Distance Learning, Technical University of Applied Sciences, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolyn Wilson
- Medical Data Integration Centre, Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Centre, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (C.W.); (T.K.)
| | - Tibor Kesztyüs
- Medical Data Integration Centre, Department of Medical Informatics, University Medical Centre, Georg-August University Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; (C.W.); (T.K.)
- Institute for Distance Learning, Technical University of Applied Sciences, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Wziątek-Kuczmik D, Niedzielska I, Mrowiec A, Stanek A, Gościniewicz P, Mrukwa-Kominek E, Cholewka A. Thermal Imaging of Tongue Surface as a Prognostic Method in the Diagnosis of General Diseases-Preliminary Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6860. [PMID: 37959325 PMCID: PMC10649427 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop an original method of thermographic measurement of tongue temperature as a prognostic method in the diagnosis of general diseases. This study examined the temperature distribution on the dorsal and apical surfaces of the tongue in patients with various general diseases and introduced a procedure for cooling the oral cavity. Patients with a high risk of systemic infections were referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Outpatient Clinic of the Medical University of Silesia (SUM) in Katowice to identify potential foci of dental infections. They underwent an evaluation of their dentition as well as a prognostic tongue examination using the thermal camera FLIR T540 with a sensitivity of <0.03 K. The obtained results revealed statistically significant differences in the tongue average temperature parameters between the two study groups-healthy patients and patients with disorders. We obtained median temperatures for tongue dorsum (TD) of 35.8 °C and 35.2 °C for healthy patients and patients with disorders, respectively. Also, statistical differences have been obtained for tongue apex (TA) average temperatures. They were 35.5 °C and 34.0 °C for healthy and patients, respectively (p = 0.0001). Similar statistical results presented significant differences in the temperature difference (defined as DT = average temperature 10 min - average temperature 2 min after rinsing of the mouth) of the examined areas of the tongue between the healthy temperature and the unhealthy patient's temperature. It seems that thermal imaging has potential in the prevention and diagnosis of general diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Wziątek-Kuczmik
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Iwona Niedzielska
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Mrowiec
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (A.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Agata Stanek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Piotr Gościniewicz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Professor K. Gibiński University Clinical Center, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Ewa Mrukwa-Kominek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Armand Cholewka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (A.M.); (A.C.)
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Mazdeyasna S, Ghassemi P, Wang Q. Best Practices for Body Temperature Measurement with Infrared Thermography: External Factors Affecting Accuracy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8011. [PMID: 37766064 PMCID: PMC10536210 DOI: 10.3390/s23188011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Infrared thermographs (IRTs) are commonly used during disease pandemics to screen individuals with elevated body temperature (EBT). To address the limited research on external factors affecting IRT accuracy, we conducted benchtop measurements and computer simulations with two IRTs, with or without an external temperature reference source (ETRS) for temperature compensation. The combination of an IRT and an ETRS forms a screening thermograph (ST). We investigated the effects of viewing angle (θ, 0-75°), ETRS set temperature (TETRS, 30-40 °C), ambient temperature (Tatm, 18-32 °C), relative humidity (RH, 15-80%), and working distance (d, 0.4-2.8 m). We discovered that STs exhibited higher accuracy compared to IRTs alone. Across the tested ranges of Tatm and RH, both IRTs exhibited absolute measurement errors of less than 0.97 °C, while both STs maintained absolute measurement errors of less than 0.12 °C. The optimal TETRS for EBT detection was 36-37 °C. When θ was below 30°, the two STs underestimated calibration source (CS) temperature (TCS) of less than 0.05 °C. The computer simulations showed absolute temperature differences of up to 0.28 °C and 0.04 °C between estimated and theoretical temperatures for IRTs and STs, respectively, considering d of 0.2-3.0 m, Tatm of 15-35 °C, and RH of 5-95%. The results highlight the importance of precise calibration and environmental control for reliable temperature readings and suggest proper ranges for these factors, aiming to enhance current standard documents and best practice guidelines. These insights enhance our understanding of IRT performance and their sensitivity to various factors, thereby facilitating the development of best practices for accurate EBT measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Quanzeng Wang
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (S.M.); (P.G.)
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Brioschi ML, Dalmaso Neto C, Toledo MD, Neves EB, Vargas JVC, Teixeira MJ. Infrared image method for possible COVID-19 detection through febrile and subfebrile people screening. J Therm Biol 2023; 112:103444. [PMID: 36796899 PMCID: PMC9794388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study proposed an infrared image-based method for febrile and subfebrile people screening to comply with the society need for alternative, quick response, and effective methods for COVID-19 contagious people screening. The methodology consisted of: (i) Developing a method based on facial infrared imaging for possible COVID-19 early detection in people with and without fever (subfebrile state); (ii) Using 1206 emergency room (ER) patients to develop an algorithm for general application of the method, and (iii) Testing the method and algorithm effectiveness in 2558 cases (RT-qPCR tested for COVID-19) from 227,261 workers evaluations in five different countries. Artificial intelligence was used through a convolutional neural network (CNN) to develop the algorithm that took facial infrared images as input and classified the tested individuals in three groups: fever (high risk), subfebrile (medium risk), and no fever (low risk). The results showed that suspicious and confirmed COVID-19 (+) cases characterized by temperatures below the 37.5 °C fever threshold were identified. Also, average forehead and eye temperatures greater than 37.5 °C were not enough to detect fever similarly to the proposed CNN algorithm. Most RT-qPCR confirmed COVID-19 (+) cases found in the 2558 cases sample (17 cases/89.5%) belonged to the CNN selected subfebrile group. The COVID-19 (+) main risk factor was to be in the subfebrile group, in comparison to age, diabetes, high blood pressure, smoking and others. In sum, the proposed method was shown to be a potentially important new tool for COVID-19 (+) people screening for air travel and public places in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Leal Brioschi
- Medical Thermology and Thermography Specialization, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos Dalmaso Neto
- Medical Thermology and Thermography Specialization, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil; Mechanical Engineering Post-Graduation Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Marcos de Toledo
- Medical Thermology and Thermography Specialization, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Borba Neves
- Biomedical Engineering Post-Graduation Program, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, UTFPR, Curitiba, PR, 82590-300, Brazil
| | - José Viriato Coelho Vargas
- Mechanical Engineering Post-Graduation Program, Mechanical Engineering Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, PR, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - HCFMUSP, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
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Muniz PR, Simão J, Nunes RB, Campos HLM, Santos NQ, Ninke A, Lemos JT. Temperature thresholds and screening of febrile people by non-contact measurement of the face using infrared thermography - A methodology proposal. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022; 37:100513. [PMID: 35958188 PMCID: PMC9356631 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of infectious diseases such as Covid-19 that have fever as one of the symptoms drive the search for systems to track people with fever quickly and non-contact, also known as sanitary barriers. The use of non-contact infrared-based instruments, especially the infrared thermal imager, has widely spread. However, the screening process has presented low performance. This article addresses the choice of regions of interest on the human face for the analysis of the individual's fever, deals with the temperature thresholds used for this analysis, as well as the way to issue the recommendation to screen the person or not. The data collection and statistical analysis of temperatures of 198 volunteers allowed us to study and define the most appropriate face regions as targets for these barriers, as well as the temperature thresholds to be used for screening for each of these regions. Besides, the paper presents a probabilistic method based on the metrological quality of the sanitary barrier to the emission of recommendation for screening potentially febrile people. The developed method was tested in feverish and non-febrile volunteers, showing complete assertiveness in the tested cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Rodrigues Muniz
- Post Graduate Program in Sustainable Technologies, Campus Vitória, Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, 1729 Vitória Ave., Vitória 29040-780, ES, Brazil
| | - Josemar Simão
- Electrotechnical Coordination, Campus Vitória, Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, 1729 Vitória Ave., Vitória 29040-780, ES, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Barbosa Nunes
- Post Graduate Program in Sustainable Technologies, Campus Vitória, Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, 1729 Vitória Ave., Vitória 29040-780, ES, Brazil
| | - Hércules Lázaro Morais Campos
- Institute of Health and Biotechnology, Federal University of Amazonas, 305 Estrada do Aeroporto, Coari 69460-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Natália Queirós Santos
- Espírito Santo Research and Innovation Support Foundation, 1080 Fernando Ferrari Ave., Vitória 29066-380, ES, Brazil
| | - Andriele Ninke
- Electrical Engineerging Undergraduate Coordination, Campus Vitória, Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, 1729 Vitória Ave., Vitória 29040-780, ES, Brazil
| | - João Thomaz Lemos
- Post Graduate Program in Sustainable Technologies, Campus Vitória, Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, 1729 Vitória Ave., Vitória 29040-780, ES, Brazil
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Becerra AG, Olguín-Tiznado JE, García Alcaraz JL, Camargo Wilson C, García-Rivera BR, Vardasca R, López-Barreras JA. Infrared thermal imaging monitoring on hands when performing repetitive tasks: An experimental study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250733. [PMID: 33979367 PMCID: PMC8115808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The monitoring of infrared thermal images is reported to analyze changes in skin temperature in the hand fingers when repetitive work is performed to know which finger has a greater risk of injury, besides, the recovery time is analyzed regarding the initial temperature and its relationship with age, sex, weight, height if practice sports, and Body Mass Index (BMI) per individual. For the above, an experimental test was carried out for 10 minutes on a repetitive operation that takes place in the telecommunications industry and 39 subjects participated in which an infrared thermal image of the dorsal and palmar part of both hands was taken in periods of 5 minutes after the 10-minute test has elapsed. The results show that none of the participants recovered their initial temperature after 10 minutes of the experimental test. In addition, it was found that there is a relationship between skin temperature and sex, and that age influences the recovery of temperature. On the other hand, the thumb, index, and middle fingers have a higher risk of injury in the analyzed task. It is concluded that performing repetitive work with all the fingers of the hand does not show that all they have the same risk of injury, besides that, not all the variables studied affect the recovery of temperature and its behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra García Becerra
- Industrial Engineering Department, Tecnológico Nacional de México/I.T Cd. Guzman, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Jorge Luis García Alcaraz
- Department Industrial Engineering and Manufacturing, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico
| | - Claudia Camargo Wilson
- Faculty of Engineering, Arquitecture and Design, Autonomous University of Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Blanca Rosa García-Rivera
- Faculty of Administrative and Social Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Valle Dorado, México
| | - Ricardo Vardasca
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEGI, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ISLA Santarém, Santarém, Portugal
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Perpetuini D, Filippini C, Cardone D, Merla A. An Overview of Thermal Infrared Imaging-Based Screenings during Pandemic Emergencies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3286. [PMID: 33810086 PMCID: PMC8004954 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infrared thermal imaging (IRI) is a contact-less technology able to monitor human skin temperature for biomedical applications and in real-life contexts. Its capacity to detect fever was exploited for mass screening during past epidemic emergencies as well as for the current COVID-19 pandemic. However, the only assessment of fever may not be selective for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Hence, novel approaches for IRI data analysis have been investigated. The present review aims to describe how IRI have been employed during the last epidemics, highlighting the potentialities and the limitations of this technology to contain the contagions. Specifically, the methods employed for automatic face recognition and fever assessment and IRI's performances in mass screening at airports and hospitals are reviewed. Moreover, an overview of novel machine learning methods for IRI data analysis, aimed to identify respiratory diseases, is provided. In addition, IRI-based smart technologies developed to support the healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic are described. Finally, relevant guidelines to fully exploit IRI for COVID-19 identification are defined, to improve the effectiveness of IRI in the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniela Cardone
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University G. D’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (D.P.); (C.F.); (A.M.)
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Aggarwal N, Garg M, Dwarakanathan V, Gautam N, Kumar SS, Jadon RS, Gupta M, Ray A. Diagnostic accuracy of non-contact infrared thermometers and thermal scanners: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Travel Med 2020; 27:5920642. [PMID: 33043363 PMCID: PMC7665626 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Infrared thermal screening, via the use of handheld non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) and thermal scanners, has been widely implemented all over the world. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate its diagnostic accuracy for the detection of fever. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, medRxiv, bioRxiv, ClinicalTrials.gov, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset, COVID-19 research database, Epistemonikos, EPPI-Centre, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Scopus and Web of Science databases for studies where a non-contact infrared device was used to detect fever against a reference standard of conventional thermometers. Forest plots and Hierarchical Summary Receiver Operating Characteristics curves were used to describe the pooled summary estimates of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio. From a total of 1063 results, 30 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 19 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.808 (95%CI 0.656-0.903) and 0.920 (95%CI 0.769-0.975), respectively, for the NCITs (using forehead as the site of measurement), and 0.818 (95%CI 0.758-0.866) and 0.923 (95%CI 0.823-0.969), respectively, for thermal scanners. The sensitivity of NCITs increased on use of rectal temperature as the reference. The sensitivity of thermal scanners decreased in a disease outbreak/pandemic setting. Changes approaching statistical significance were also observed on the exclusion of neonates from the analysis. Thermal screening had a low positive predictive value, especially at the initial stage of an outbreak, whereas the negative predictive value (NPV) continued to be high even at later stages. Thermal screening has reasonable diagnostic accuracy in the detection of fever, although it may vary with changes in subject characteristics, setting, index test and the reference standard used. Thermal screening has a good NPV even during a pandemic. The policymakers must take into consideration the factors surrounding the screening strategy while forming ad-hoc guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mohil Garg
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vignesh Dwarakanathan
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Nitesh Gautam
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Swasthi S Kumar
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ranveer Singh Jadon
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Mohak Gupta
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Animesh Ray
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Jorge J, Harford M, Villarroel M, Chaichulee S, Davidson S, Finnegan E, Clark SH, Young JD, Watkinson PJ, Tarassenko L. Non-Contact Assessment of Peripheral Artery Haemodynamics Using Infrared Video Thermography. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 68:276-288. [PMID: 32746016 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2999539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Skin temperature has long been used as a natural indicator of vascular diseases in the extremities. Considerable correlation between oscillations in skin surface temperature and oscillations of skin blood flow has previously been demonstrated. We hypothesised that the impairment of blood flow in stenotic (subcutaneous) peripheral arteries would influence cutaneous temperature such that, by measuring gradients in the temperature distribution over skin surfaces, one may be able to diagnose or quantify the progression of vascular conditions in whose pathogenesis a reduction in subcutaneous blood perfusion plays a critical role (e.g. peripheral artery disease). As proof of principle, this study investigates the local changes in the skin temperature of healthy humans (15 male, [Formula: see text] years old, BMI [Formula: see text] kg/m 2) undergoing two physical challenges designed to vary their haemodynamic status. Skin temperature was measured in four central regions (forehead, neck, chest, and left shoulder) and four peripheral regions (left upper arm, forearm, wrist, and hand) using an infrared thermal camera. We compare inter-region patterns. Median temperature over the peripheral regions decreased from baseline after both challenges (maximum decrease: [Formula: see text] °C at 60 s after exercise; [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] °C at 180 s of cold-water immersion; [Formula: see text]). Median temperature over the central regions showed no significant changes. Our results show that the non-contact measurement of perfusion-related changes in peripheral temperature from infrared video data is feasible. Further research will be directed towards the thermographic study of patients with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease.
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Vardasca R, Magalhaes C, Marques D, Moreira J, Frade R, Seixas A, Mendes J, Ring F. Bilateral assessment of body core temperature through axillar, tympanic and inner canthi thermometers in a young population. Physiol Meas 2019; 40:094001. [PMID: 31216516 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab2af6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There are several sites in which the human body core temperature can be estimated and used to identify febrile states in a threat of pandemic situations at high-populational-traffic places (e.g. airports, ports, universities, schools, public buildings). In these locations, a fast method is required for temperature screening of masses. The most common methods are axillar and tympanic thermometers. However, in addition, measurement of the inner canthi (IC) of the eye with infrared thermal (IRT) imaging has been suggested as a fast mass measurement screening tool. OBJECTIVE It is the aim of this research to identify the bilateral difference of the available body temperature screening methods with potential use for large-scale fever screening and to verify if such a difference is acceptable. APPROACH A total of 206 young participants (104 females and 102 males) were recruited, having their temperatures taken with the different methods bilaterally under neutral environmental conditions. The obtained results were statistically processed. MAIN RESULTS Results established absent reference data for site and method in west European populations. The bilateral differences were minor using the IC of the eye monitored with infrared imaging, which was also proved with the Bland-Altmann limits of agreement. SIGNIFICANCE Based on the findings of this research, despite all methods being able to estimate body core temperature, it is suggested to use IRT images of the IC of the eye, due to its fast, reliable and reproducible procedure for mass screening. Further research is required to understand the higher bilateral variability in using the traditional thermometer axilla and tympanic membrane assessments, since these are the methods currently used within a clinical setup. The same procedure must be applied to fever cases to establish a decision threshold per method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Vardasca
- LABIOMEP, INEGI-LAETA, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Science, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Hedley-Whyte J, Milamed DR. Sir Sheldon Francis Dudley, his Contributions to Diphtheria and the Aftermath of the Sinking of HMS Curacoa by the Queen Mary. THE ULSTER MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018; 87:188-193. [PMID: 30559544 PMCID: PMC6169416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Hedley-Whyte
- David S. Sheridan Professorship in Anaesthesia and Respiratory Therapy, Harvard University, 1400 VFW Parkway, Boston, MA 02132-4927 USA
| | - Debra R. Milamed
- David S. Sheridan Professorship in Anaesthesia and Respiratory Therapy, Harvard University, 1400 VFW Parkway, Boston, MA 02132-4927 USA
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Best practices for standardized performance testing of infrared thermographs intended for fever screening. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203302. [PMID: 30231046 PMCID: PMC6145558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrared (IR) modalities represent the only currently viable mass fever screening approaches for outbreaks of infectious disease pandemics such as Ebola virus disease and severe acute respiratory syndrome. Non-contact IR thermometers (NCITs) and IR thermographs (IRTs) have been used for fever screening in public areas such as airports. While NCITs remain a more popular choice than IRTs, there has been increasing evidences in the literature that IRTs can provide great accuracy in estimating body temperature if qualified systems are used and appropriate procedures are consistently applied. In this study, we addressed the issue of IRT qualification by implementing and evaluating a battery of test methods for objective, quantitative assessment of IRT performance based on a recent international standard (IEC 80601-2-59). We tested two commercial IRTs to evaluate their stability and drift, image uniformity, minimum resolvable temperature difference, and radiometric temperature laboratory accuracy. Based on these tests, we illustrated how experimental and data processing procedures could affect results, and suggested methods for clarifying and optimizing test methods. Overall, the insights into thermograph standardization and acquisition methods provided by this study may improve the utility of IR thermography and aid in comparing IRT performance, thus improving the potential for producing high quality disease pandemic countermeasures.
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