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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, de Azevedo RB, Amorim CA. Secure transplantation by tissue purging using photodynamic therapy to eradicate malignant cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112546. [PMID: 36029759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for treating various malignant neoplasms has been given researchers' attention due to its ability to be a selective and minimally invasive cancer therapy strategy. The possibility of tumor cell infection and hence high recurrence rates in cancer patients tends to restrict autologous transplantation. So, the photodynamic tissue purging process, which consists of selective photoinactivation of the malignant cells in the graft, is defined as a compromising strategy to purify contaminated tissues before transplantation. In this strategy, the direct malignant cells' death results from the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation through the activation of a photosensitizer (PS) by light exposure in the presence of oxygen. Since new PS generations can effectively penetrate the tissue, PDT could be an ideal ex vivo tissue purging protocol that eradicates cancer cells derived from various malignancies. The challenge is that the applied pharmacologic ex vivo tissue purging should efficiently induce tumor cells with minor influence on normal tissue cells. This review aims to provide an overview of the current status of the most effective PDT strategies and PS development concerning their potential application in ex vivo purging before hematopoietic stem cell or ovarian tissue transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Bentes de Azevedo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília DF, Brazil
| | - Christiani A Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de la Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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2
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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, Azevedo RB, Feron O, Amorim CA. Photodynamic cancer therapy using liposomes as an advanced vesicular photosensitizer delivery system. J Control Release 2021; 339:75-90. [PMID: 34562540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The multidisciplinary field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a combination of photochemistry and photophysics sciences, which has shown tremendous potential for cancer therapy application. PDT employs a photosensitizing agent (PS) and light to form cytotoxic reactive oxygen species and subsequently oxidize light-exposed tissue. Despite numerous advantages of PDT and enormous progress in this field, common PSs are still far from ideal treatment because of their poor permeability, non-specific phototoxicity, side effects, hydrophobicity, weak bioavailability, and tendency to self-aggregation. To circumvent these limitations, PS can be encapsulated in liposomes, an advanced drug delivery system that has demonstrated the ability to enhance drug permeability into biological membranes and loading both hydrophobic and lipophilic agents. Moreover, liposomes can also be coated by targeting agents to improve delivery efficiency. The present review aims to summarize the principles of PDT, various PS generations, PS-loaded nanoparticles, liposomes, and their impact on PDT, then discuss recent photodynamic cancer therapy strategies using liposomes as PS-loaded vectors, and highlight future possibilities and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Bentes Azevedo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pôle de Pharmacologie et thérapeutique, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiani A Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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3
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Tan H, Tian Y, Yang H, Liu Z, Liang X, Li B, Cheng W. Oxygen-sufficient lipid nanobubbles combined with UTMD for enhanced sonodynamic therapy of Hep-G2 cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1796-1806. [PMID: 33838006 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging noninvasive therapeutic approach, which could penetrate deep-seated tissues and activate sonosensitizer to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nevertheless, the hypoxic tumor microenvironment significantly limits the efficiency of SDT due to its oxygen-consumption treatment principle. To break hypoxia-induced resistance and improve the efficacy of SDT, we developed shell-core structured oxygen-sufficient nanobubbles(NBs), which were designed with a lipid shell loaded the sonosensitizer IR780 and a gas core loaded with oxygen. With the aid of ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD), IR780@O2 NBs not only make sonosensitizers more effectively enriched at the tumor site in a controlled manner, but also directly mediate oxygen release and provide sufficient oxygen for producing more ROS to induce cell apoptosis. Thus, IR780@O2 NBs can efficiently inhibit the proliferation of Hep-G2 cells under ultrasound exposure. What is more, IR780@O2 NBs have a potential for contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging. We believe that our oxygen-sufficient NBs trigged by UTMD could be an ideal therapeutic and imaging system for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyan Tan
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhang Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Huajing Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xitian Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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4
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Kollar J, Machacek M, Halaskova M, Lenco J, Kucera R, Demuth J, Rohlickova M, Hasonova K, Miletin M, Novakova V, Zimcik P. Cationic Versus Anionic Phthalocyanines for Photodynamic Therapy: What a Difference the Charge Makes. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7616-7632. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kollar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Machacek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Halaskova
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Lenco
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Kucera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Demuth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Rohlickova
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Hasonova
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Miletin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Novakova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zimcik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
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5
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Zhang Y, Ou Y, Guo J, Huang X. Ultrasound-triggered breast tumor sonodynamic therapy through hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-loaded liposome. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:948-957. [PMID: 31389180 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) which employs ultrasound-triggered sonosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been proved to be effective for treatment of cancers. However, it is still desirable for sonosensitizers to be delivered to tumors as effectively as possible. In this study, we prepared the hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME)-loaded liposome as the sonosensitizers for SDT and evaluated their effects on human MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Liposomes prepared by thin film hydration technique were about 100 nm in size with positive zeta potential and exhibited spherical in shape. Following irradiation of ultrasound which generates intracellular ROS, the liposome facilitated the delivery of HMME to tumor cells. HMME-loaded liposomes showed low cytotoxicity under basal condition but significant sonodynamic effects under ultrasonic irradiation. Notably, HMME-loaded liposomes exhibited spatial distribution of HMME in tumor tissues of mice. The promoted delivery of HMME into the tumors by liposomes was shown by the greater tumor growth inhibition than free HMME after 20-day treatment. Taken together, these results show that HMME-loaded liposome functions as a promising sonosensitizer for SDT, implying the efficient antitumor effects of HMME-based SDT on breast tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Danyang People's Hospital, Danyang, China
| | - Yulong Ou
- Department of Pharmacy, Danyang People's Hospital, Danyang, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
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Nkanga CI, Krause RWM. Conjugation of isoniazid to a zinc phthalocyanine via hydrazone linkage for pH-dependent liposomal controlled release. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-018-0776-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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7
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González-Delgado JA, Kennedy PJ, Ferreira M, Tomé JPC, Sarmento B. Use of Photosensitizers in Semisolid Formulations for Microbial Photodynamic Inactivation. J Med Chem 2015; 59:4428-42. [PMID: 26569024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Semisolid formulations, such as gels, creams and ointments, have recently contributed to the progression of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and microbial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) in clinical applications. The most important challenges facing this field are the physicochemical properties of photosensitizers (PSs), optimal drug release profiles, and the photosensitivity of surrounding tissues. By further integration of nanotechnology with semisolid formulations, very promising pharmaceuticals have been generated against several dermatological diseases (PDT) and (antibiotic-resistant) pathogenic microorganisms (PDI). This review focuses on the different PSs and their associated semisolid formulations currently found in both the market and clinical trials that are used in PDT/PDI. Special emphasis is placed on the advantages that the semisolid formulations bring to drug delivery in PDI. Lastly, some potential considerations for improvement in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A González-Delgado
- Inovapotek, Pharmaceutical Research & Development , Edifício Inovar e Crescer, Salas 23 e 39, Rua Alfredo Allen, 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Patrick J Kennedy
- ICBAS-Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Ferreira
- Inovapotek, Pharmaceutical Research & Development , Edifício Inovar e Crescer, Salas 23 e 39, Rua Alfredo Allen, 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - João P C Tomé
- QOPNA and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University , B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Inovapotek, Pharmaceutical Research & Development , Edifício Inovar e Crescer, Salas 23 e 39, Rua Alfredo Allen, 455/461, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.,CESPU-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde and Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
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8
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López Zeballos NC, Gauna GA, García Vior MC, Awruch J, Dicelio LE. Interaction of cationic phthalocyanines with DNA. Importance of the structure of the substituents. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 136:29-33. [PMID: 24838031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of novel zinc (II) cationic phthalocyanines with CT-DNA was studied using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as thermal denaturation profiles. Results showed an electrostatic interaction between the phthalocyanines and CT-DNA. The properties of these phthalocyanines were compared taking the structure of the macrocycle peripheral substituents into account. 2,9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis[(N-butyl-N-methylammonium)ethylsulfanyl]phthalocyaninatozinc(II) tetraiodide (Pc6) had a greater affinity for the CT-DNA helix than its bioisoster 2,9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis[(N-dibutyl-N-methylammonium)ethoxy]phthalocyaninatozinc(II) tetraiodide (Pc7). 2,9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis[(2-trimethylammonium)ethyl-sulfanyl]phthalocyaninatozinc(II) tetraiodide (Pc13) also carried a sulfur atom like Pc6, but linked to bulky substituents such as trimethylammonium groups. The planar aromatic region of the cationic phthalocyanines in this study appears to be unable to facilitate their intercalation with CT-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C López Zeballos
- INQUIMAE, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G A Gauna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C García Vior
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Awruch
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L E Dicelio
- INQUIMAE, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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9
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García Vior MC, Marino J, Roguin LP, Sosnik A, Awruch J. Photodynamic effects of zinc(II) phthalocyanine-loaded polymeric micelles in human nasopharynx KB carcinoma cells. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 89:492-500. [PMID: 22924690 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A major difficulty in photodynamic therapy is the poor solubility of the photosensitizer (PS) under physiological conditions which correlates with low bioavailability. PS aggregation leads to a decrease in the photodynamic efficiency and a more limited activity in vitro and in vivo. To improve the aqueous solubility and reduce the aggregation of 2,9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis[(2-dimethylamino)ethylsulfanyl]phthal-ocyaninatozinc(II) (Pc9), the encapsulation into four poloxamine polymeric micelles (T304, T904, T1107 and T1307) displaying a broad spectrum of molecular weight and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance was investigated. The aqueous solubility of Pc9 was increased up to 30 times. Morphological evaluation showed the formation of Pc9-loaded spherical micelles in the nanosize range. UV/Vis and fluorescence studies indicated that Pc9 is less aggregated upon encapsulation in comparison with Pc9 in water-DMSO 2% and remained photostable. Pc9-loaded micelles generated singlet molecular oxygen in high yields. Photocytotoxicity assays using human nasopharynx KB carcinoma cells confirmed that the encapsulation of Pc9 in T1107 and T1307 increases its photocytotoxicity by 10 times in comparison with the free form in water-DMSO. In addition, Pc9 incorporated into cells was mainly localized in lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C García Vior
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Rodriguez ME, Fernández DA, Awruch J, Braslavsky SE, Dicelio LE. Effect of aggregation of a cationic phthalocyanine in micelles and in the presence of human serum albumin. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424606000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of tetrakis(1,1-dimethyl-2-trimethylammonium)ethylphthalocyaninato zinc(II) tetraiodide (I) – a water-soluble cationic phthalocyanine – are presented in the presence of human serum albumin (HSA) and in micelles of sodium dodecylsulfate ( SDS ) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride ( CTAC ). Spectrophotometric measurements showed that the surfactants SDS and CTAC induce monomerization of I, although the latter less efficiently than the former. This effect is less pronounced in the presence of HSA. The strength of this effect is evaluated through dimerization constants, which are Kd = (5 ± 1) × 105 m−1 in SDS , (1.5 ± 0.5) × 106 M −1 in CTAC , and (1.8 ± 0.9) × 106 M −1 in HSA. Fluorescence experiments confirm that aggregation of I drops as the concentration of surfactant is raised. Triplet quantum yields also decreased upon aggregation and were Φ T = 0.59, 0.16, and < 0.01 in SDS , CTAC , and HSA, respectively. These results indicate that the affinity of I for the environment is not just due to ionic interactions; hydrophobic interactions play an equally important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam E. Rodriguez
- INQUIMAE and Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel A. Fernández
- INQUIMAE and Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josefina Awruch
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia E. Braslavsky
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie (formerly Strahlenchemie), Postfach 10 13 65, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Lelia E. Dicelio
- INQUIMAE and Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Strassert CA, Rodriguez ME, Dicelio LE, Awruch J. A synthetic approach towards novel octa-substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines with different solubility and photophysical properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424605000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and behavior in homogeneous solutions of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(3-phthalimidopropyloxy)phthalocyaninatozinc(II) (5) and 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(3-aminopropyloxy)phthalocyaninatozinc(II) (6) are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A. Strassert
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- INQUIMAE. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Myriam E. Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
- INQUIMAE. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lelia E. Dicelio
- INQUIMAE. Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Josefina Awruch
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Garcia AM, Alarcon E, Muñoz M, Scaiano JC, Edwards AM, Lissi E. Photophysical behaviour and photodynamic activity of zinc phthalocyanines associated to liposomes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2010; 10:507-14. [PMID: 21152616 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00289e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines are macrocyclic compounds that can be employed as photosensitizers in the treatment of various infections and diseases, as well as in photodynamic therapy. Nevertheless, a disadvantage for the clinical application of these compounds is their strong tendency to form oligomers (especially dimers), a phenomenon that reduces their efficiency as photosensitizers. In the present contribution, we have studied the photophysical and photochemical properties of ZnPc and ZnF(16)Pc in an organic solvent (THF) and liposomal formulations (DMPC, DPPC and DSPC). Our results show that dye incorporation into liposomes decreases its aggregation degree, as revealed by absorption spectra, triplet quantum yield, and singlet oxygen quantum yield measurements. Additionally, we studied the photodynamic activity of both phthalocyanines in liposomal formulation on human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells. For ZnF(16)Pc the photophysical behavior and phototoxicity in vitro correlate with the aggregation degree. The dimers are not photoactive and the photochemistry of ZnF(16)Pc depends of the fraction present as monomer. On the other hand, ZnPc aggregation is minimal and its photophysical and photochemical properties are similar in the three liposomes studied. Nevertheless, its phototoxicity in vitro is liposome dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica M Garcia
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Rodriguez ME, Kim J, Delos Santos GB, Azizuddin K, Berlin J, Anderson VE, Kenney ME, Oleinick NL. Binding to and photo-oxidation of cardiolipin by the phthalocyanine photosensitizer Pc 4. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:051604. [PMID: 21054078 PMCID: PMC2945736 DOI: 10.1117/1.3484256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Its peroxidation correlates with release of cytochrome c and induction of apoptosis. The phthalocyanine photosensitizer Pc 4 binds preferentially to the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Earlier Förster resonance energy transfer studies showed colocalization of Pc 4 and cardiolipin, which suggests cardiolipin as a target of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Pc 4. Using liposomes as membrane models, we find that Pc 4 binds to cardiolipin-containing liposomes similarly to those that do not contain cardiolipin. Pc 4 binding is also studied in MCF-7c3 cells and those whose cardiolipin content was reduced by treatment with palmitate. Decreased levels of cardiolipin are quantified by thin-layer chromatography. The similar level of binding of Pc 4 to cells, irrespective of palmitate treatment, supports the lack of specificity of Pc 4 binding. Thus, factors other than cardiolipin are likely responsible for the preferential localization of Pc 4 in mitochondria. Nonetheless, cardiolipin within liposomes is readily oxidized by Pc 4 and light, yielding apparently mono- and dihydroperoxidized cardiolipin. If similar products result from exposure of cells to Pc 4-PDT, they could be part of the early events leading to apoptosis following Pc 4-PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam E Rodriguez
- Case Western Reserve University, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4942, USA
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Master AM, Rodriguez ME, Kenney ME, Oleinick NL, Gupta AS. Delivery of the photosensitizer Pc 4 in PEG-PCL micelles for in vitro PDT studies. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:2386-98. [PMID: 19967780 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The silicon phthalocyanine Pc 4 is a second-generation photosensitizer that has several properties superior to other photosensitizers currently approved by the FDA, and it has shown significant promise for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in several cancer cells in vitro and model tumor systems in vivo. However, because of the high hydrophobicity of Pc 4, its formulation for in vivo delivery and favorable biodistribution become challenging. To this end, we are studying encapsulation and delivery of Pc 4 in block copolymer micelles. Here, we report the development of biocompatible PEG-PCL micelle nanoparticles, encapsulation of Pc 4 within the micelle core by hydrophobic association with the PCL block, and in vitro PDT studies of the micelle-formulated Pc 4 in MCF-7c3 human breast cancer cells. Our studies demonstrate efficient encapsulation of Pc 4 in the micelles, intracellular uptake of the micelle-formulated Pc 4 in cells, and significant cytotoxic effect of the formulation upon photoirradiation. Quantitative estimation of the extent of Pc 4 loading in the micelles and the photocytotoxicity of the micelle-incorporated Pc 4 demonstrate the promise of our approach to develop a biocompatible nanomedicine platform for tumor-targeted delivery of Pc 4 for site-selective PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Master
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Wickenden Building, Rm 519, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Rodriguez ME, Diz VE, Awruch J, Dicelio LE. Photophysics of Zinc (II) Phthalocyanine Polymer and Gel Formulation. Photochem Photobiol 2010; 86:513-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rodriguez ME, Zhang P, Azizuddin K, Delos Santos GB, Chiu SM, Xue LY, Berlin JC, Peng X, Wu H, Lam M, Nieminen AL, Kenney ME, Oleinick NL. Structural factors and mechanisms underlying the improved photodynamic cell killing with silicon phthalocyanine photosensitizers directed to lysosomes versus mitochondria. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:1189-200. [PMID: 19508642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The phthalocyanine photosensitizer Pc 4 has been shown to bind preferentially to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Upon photoirradiation of Pc 4-loaded cells, membrane components, especially Bcl-2, are photodamaged and apoptosis, as indicated by activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, is triggered. A series of analogs of Pc 4 were synthesized, and the results demonstrate that Pcs with the aminopropylsiloxy ligand of Pc 4 or a similar one on one side of the Pc ring and a second large axial ligand on the other side of the ring have unexpected properties, including enhanced cell uptake, greater monomerization resulting in greater intracellular fluorescence and three-fold higher affinity constants for liposomes. The hydroxyl-bearing axial ligands tend to reduce aggregation of the Pc and direct it to lysosomes, resulting in four to six times more killing of cells, as defined by loss of clonogenicity, than with Pc 4. Whereas Pc 4-PDT photodamages Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, Pc 181-PDT causes much less photodamage to Bcl-2 over the same dose-response range relative to cell killing, with earlier cleavage of Bid and slower caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. Therefore, within this series of photosensitizers, these hydroxyl-bearing axial ligands are less aggregated than is Pc 4, tend to localize to lysosomes and are more effective in overall cell killing than is Pc 4, but induce apoptosis more slowly and by a modified pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam E Rodriguez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Zimcik P, Miletin M, Kopecky K, Musil Z, Berka P, Horakova V, Kucerova H, Zbytovska J, Brault D. Influence of Aggregation on Interaction of Lipophilic, Water-Insoluble Azaphthalocyanines with DOPC Vesicles. Photochem Photobiol 2007; 83:1497-504. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Musil Z, Zimcik P, Miletin M, Kopecky K, Petrik P, Lenco J. Influence of electron-withdrawing and electron-donating substituents on photophysical properties of azaphthalocyanines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zimcik P, Miletin M, Musil Z, Kopecky K, Kubza L, Brault D. Cationic azaphthalocyanines bearing aliphatic tertiary amino substituents—Synthesis, singlet oxygen production and spectroscopic studies. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2006.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kostka M, Zimcik P, Miletin M, Klemera P, Kopecky K, Musil Z. Comparison of aggregation properties and photodynamic activity of phthalocyanines and azaphthalocyanines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2005.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Saetern AM, Flaten GE, Brandl M. A method to determine the incorporation capacity of camptothecin in liposomes. AAPS PharmSciTech 2004; 5:e40. [PMID: 15760073 PMCID: PMC2750263 DOI: 10.1208/pt050340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish a new experimental approach to determine the maximum amount of camptothecin (CPT) that can be incorporated in liposomes, and to use this method to compare the CPT-incorporation capacity of various liposome formulations. Small, CPT-saturated liposomes were prepared by dispersing freeze-dried blends of lipids and drug in phosphate buffer, and subsequent probe-sonication. Excess precipitated CPT could be separated from the liposomes by ultracentrifugation. The small and homogeneous liposome size obtained gave a good and reproducible recovery of liposomes in the supernatant (>80%), whereas the acidic pH (pH 6.0) kept CPT in its hydrophobic lactone form, which is poorly soluble in the buffer. The maximum CPT-incorporation capacity of 12 different liposome formulations was investigated, using the described method, and was found to vary widely. With liposomes made of neutral and anionic phospholipids, the solubility of CPT in the buffer was improved by approximately a factor of 10 (from 2.7 to 15-50 microg/mL) as compared with buffer. With cationic liposomes containing 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethyl-ammonium-propane (DOTAP), a maximum CPT-solubilization of 100-fold, the buffer solubility was reached, probably owing to an electrostatic interaction between the cationic lipids and the carboxylate-CPT isomer. Increasing DOTAP fractions within egg-phosphatidylcholine (EPC)/DOTAP liposomes reached a CPT-incorporation plateau at 20 mol% DOTAP. The presented approach appears suitable to study the incorporation capacity of any drug component within small vesicles as long as the liposome incorporation is high relative to the intrinsic water solubility of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Mari Saetern
- University of Tromsø, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Breivika, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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Rodriguez ME, Morán F, Bonansea A, Monetti M, Fernández DA, Strassert CA, Rivarola V, Awruch J, Dicelio LE. A comparative study of the photophysical and phototoxic properties of octakis(decyloxy)phthalocyaninato zinc(ii), incorporated in a hydrophilic polymer, in liposomes and in non-ionic micelles. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2003; 2:988-94. [PMID: 14606753 DOI: 10.1039/b303428n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Factors such as charge, aggregation and lipophilicity influence photosensitiser localisation. The lipophilic octasubstituted sensitiser 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(decyloxy)phthalocyaninato zinc(II) was incorporated into liposomes of dimyristoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), non-ionic micelles of Tween 80 and the hydrosoluble polymer Solutol HS 15 in order to investigate how these different environments affect the photophysical properties and phototoxicity of the photosensitiser. Fluorescence quantum yields and singlet molecular oxygen generation are enhanced in the presence of Solutol HS 15. Phototoxicities were calculated by employing a concentration of 10(-7) M of the dye against the Hep-2 cell line, which showed a viability of 53 and 30% in DMPC and Solutol HS 15, respectively. After 24 h of photodynamic therapy with 15 min irradiation, apoptotic and necrotic cells were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam E Rodriguez
- INQUIMAE, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Literature Alerts. J Microencapsul 2003. [DOI: 10.3109/02652040309178068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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