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UV-vis absorption spectra of Sn(IV)tetrakis(4-pyridyl) porphyrins on the basis of axial ligation and pyridine protonation. J Mol Model 2019; 25:294. [PMID: 31478116 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study highlights the structural and electronic spectra of Sn(IV)tetrakis(4-pyridyl) porphyrins (SnTP) using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The impact of axial ligands (OH-, Cl-, and H2O) and protonation at pyridine sites on the excitation properties of SnTP is also explored. The considered SnTPs were optimized at B3LYP/6-31+G* level of theory with LANL2DZ basis set for Sn metal. The effects of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dimethylformamide (DMF) solvents were also assessed employing conductor-like polarizable continuum (C-PCM) model. The observed structural effects correlate well with the experimental data and clearly depict the impact of axial ligands on the SnTP ring. The absorption spectra along with the frontier orbitals in all three phases show noticeable dependence of axial ligation on the photophysical properties of SnTPs. The transition character of molecular orbitals and their respective density of states (DOS) were explored to infer the orbitals involved in electronic transitions. Graphical abstract The structural and electronic spectra of Sn(IV)tetrakis(4-pyridyl) porphyrins (SnTP) were examined using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Axial ligation and pyridine protonation significantly affects the absorption properties of Sn complexes. The overall results suggest the application of [(OH-)Sn (OH-)TP] and [(Cl-)Sn (Cl-)TP] as photosensitizers.
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Abstract
A systematic density functional theory study of electronic properties and optical spectra of four potential fused porphyrins with extended π-conjugation has been reported employing the M06 functional along with 6-31G(d)+LanL2DZ basis set. Symmetrical tetra fusion of the benzene rings at the β-meso-β position of porphyrins, resulted in four quadruply fused porphyrins. Such studies revealed the fact that the ring fusion with extended π-electrons causes remarkable red-shifts with narrowed band gaps. Thus, such systems can be used to extend the absorption deeper in to near-infrared (NIR) to even better utilize the photon rich region of solar spectrum. These fused porphyrins have emerged as promising NIR absorbing materials, having utility in molecular solar-conversion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Agnihotri
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur-831014, India
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur-831014, India
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Rautela R, Joshi NK, Novakovic S, Wong WWH, White JM, Ghiggino KP, Paige MF, Steer RP. Determinants of the efficiency of photon upconversion by triplet-triplet annihilation in the solid state: zinc porphyrin derivatives in PVA. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:23471-23482. [PMID: 28829080 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04746k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopic, photophysical and computational studies designed to expose and explain the differences in the efficiencies of non-coherent photon upconversion (NCPU) by triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) have been carried out for a new series of alkyl-substituted diphenyl and tetraphenyl zinc porphyrins, both in fluid solution and in solid films. Systematic variations in the alkyl-substitution of the phenyl groups in both the di- and tetraphenyl porphyrins introduces small, but well-understood changes in their spectroscopic and photophysical properties and in their TTA efficiencies. In degassed toluene solution TTA occurs for all derivatives and produces the fluorescent S2 product states in all cases. In PVA matrices, however, none of the di-phenylporphyrins exhibit measurable NCPU whereas all the tetraphenyl-substituted compounds remain upconversion-active. In PVA the NCPU efficiencies of the zinc tetraphenylporphyrins vary significantly with their steric characteristics; the most sterically crowded tetraphenyl derivative exhibits the greatest efficiency. DFT-D computations have been undertaken and help reveal the sources of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Rautela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5C9, Canada.
| | - Neeraj K Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5C9, Canada.
| | - Sacha Novakovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Wallace W H Wong
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jonathan M White
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | | | - Matthew F Paige
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5C9, Canada.
| | - Ronald P Steer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5C9, Canada.
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Alka A, Pareek Y, Shetti VS, Rajeswara Rao M, Theophall GG, Lee WZ, Lakshmi KV, Ravikanth M. Construction of Novel Cyclic Tetrads by Axial Coordination of Thiaporphyrins to Tin(IV) Porphyrin. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:13913-13929. [PMID: 29087196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the formation of new cyclic porphyrin tetrads 1 and 2, which were obtained from the reaction between dihydroxytin(IV) porphyrin and cis-dihydroxy-21-thiaporphyrin/21,23-dithiaporphyrin. The unique oxophilicity of tin(IV) porphyrin was the driving force for the formation of these tetrads. Moreover, these novel tetrads represent the first examples of cyclic porphyrins containing tin(IV) that are constructed exclusively on the basis of the "Sn-O" interaction without any other complementary, noncompetitive mode of interactions. The molecular structures of the cyclic tetrads have been investigated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, quantum-mechanical calculations, and, in one case, single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The X-ray structure revealed that the two cis-dihydroxy-N2S2 porphyrins were coordinated at the axial positions of two tin(IV) porphyrins, leading to the symmetric cyclic tetrad structure. The optical properties of tetrads were studied, and these compounds were stable under redox conditions. Preliminary photophysical studies carried out on the tetrads indicated efficient energy transfer from tin(IV) porphyrin to the thiaporphyrin unit, which highlights their potential applications in energy and electron transfer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Yogita Pareek
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Vijayendra S Shetti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - M Rajeswara Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Gregory G Theophall
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Way-Zen Lee
- Instrumentation Center, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University , 88 Section, 4 Ting-Chow Road, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - K V Lakshmi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and The Baruch '60 Center for Biochemical Solar Energy Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - M Ravikanth
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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Agnihotri N, Steer RP. Time dependent DFT investigation of the optical properties of artificial light harvesting special pairs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:15337-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simulated absorption spectra of (ZnTriPP)2DPB dimer in which Q band is enhanced 50 times for visibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Agnihotri
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Ronald P. Steer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon
- Canada
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Nemykin VN, Dudkin SV, Fathi-Rasekh M, Spaeth AD, Rhoda HM, Belosludov RV, Barybin MV. Probing Electronic Communications in Heterotrinuclear Fe–Ru–Fe Molecular Wires Formed by Ruthenium(II) Tetraphenylporphyrin and Isocyanoferrocene or 1,1′-Diisocyanoferrocene Ligands. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10711-24. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor N. Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Semyon V. Dudkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Mahtab Fathi-Rasekh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | - Andrew D. Spaeth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Hannah M. Rhoda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota, Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
| | | | - Mikhail V. Barybin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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