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Pathiraja G, Bonner CDJ, Obare SO. Recent Advances of Enzyme-Free Electrochemical Sensors for Flexible Electronics in the Detection of Organophosphorus Compounds: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23031226. [PMID: 36772265 PMCID: PMC9918968 DOI: 10.3390/s23031226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging materials integrated into high performance flexible electronics to detect environmental contaminants have received extensive attention worldwide. The accurate detection of widespread organophosphorus (OP) compounds in the environment is crucial due to their high toxicity even at low concentrations, which leads to acute health concerns. Therefore, developing rapid, highly sensitive, reliable, and facile analytical sensing techniques is necessary to monitor environmental, ecological, and food safety risks. Although enzyme-based sensors have better sensitivity, their practical usage is hindered due to their low specificity and stability. Therefore, among various detection methods of OP compounds, this review article focuses on the progress made in the development of enzyme-free electrochemical sensors as an effective nostrum. Further, the novel materials used in these sensors and their properties, synthesis methodologies, sensing strategies, analytical methods, detection limits, and stability are discussed. Finally, this article summarizes potential avenues for future prospective electrochemical sensors and the current challenges of enhancing the performance, stability, and shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayani Pathiraja
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Chartanay D. J. Bonner
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Sherine O. Obare
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
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Sinha R, Das SK, Ghosh M, Chowdhury J. Fabrication of gold nanoparticles tethered in heat-cooled calf thymus-deoxyribonucleic acid Langmuir-Blodgett film as effective surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensing platform. Front Chem 2022; 10:1034060. [DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1034060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SERS active substrate fabricated through self-assembly of Gold nanoparticles on the disjointed networks of Heat-cooled Calf Thymus DNA (HC-Ct DNA) Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) film has been reported. Adsorption kinetics of HC-Ct DNA molecules at the air-water interface has been studied explicitly. The UV-Vis electronic absorption spectra in conjunction with the FESEM images collectively suggest the presence of H- type aggregated domains most likely owing to plane-to-plane self-association of the HC-Ct DNA molecules aligned vertically on the surface of the LB film. Elemental composition and the morphological features of the as-prepared substrate (APS) are explored from XPS analysis and the FESEM, AFM images respectively. The SERS efficacy of the APS has been tested with trace concentrations of 4-Mercaptopyridine molecule. Finally, this SERS active substrate has also been used for the detection of malathion at ultrasensitive concentrations.
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Şenocak A, Tümay SO, Makhseed S, Demirbas E, Durmuş M. A synergetic and sensitive physostigmine pesticide sensor using copper complex of 3D zinc (II) phthalocyanine-SWCNT hybrid material. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 174:112819. [PMID: 33246678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-Octakis (4-methyl-2,6-bis((prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)methyl)phenoxy) phthalocyaninato zinc(II) (Pc) bearing sixteen terminal ethynyl groups was synthesized and attached to SWCNT (Single-walled carbon nanotube) covalently to obtain three dimensional porous hybrid material (SWCNT-Pc 3D) and its copper complex (Cu-SWCNT-Pc 3D). The structural characterization and electrochemical sensor features of the Cu-SWCNT-Pc hybrid towards to physostigmine pesticide were performed. A fast, direct and suitable determination method for physostigmine detection was offered. The designed sensor, Cu-SWCNT-Pc 3D/GCE (glassy carbon electrode) shows sensitivity ca 1.8, 4.3 and 2.8 times more than that of SWCNT/GCE, SWCNT-Pc-noncovalent/GCE and SWCNT-Pc 3D/GCE in terms of peak heights while bare and Pc/GCE had almost no voltammetric response to 2 μM physostigmine in PBS at a pH of 7.0. The limit of detection and quantification of physostigmine determination with Cu-SWCNT-Pc 3D/GCE were found to be 53 and 177 nM in the range of 0.1-4.8 μM, respectively. This study demonstrated that the modification of the GCE with Cu-SWCNT-Pc 3D as an electrochemical sensor was acted as catalytic role toward physostigmine presence of other interfering pesticides as high sensitivity and selectivity. The electrochemical determination of physostigmine in real samples was performed under the optimized conditions, also accuracy of the electrochemical determination method was evaluated with HPLC as a standard determination method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Şenocak
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Süreyya Oğuz Tümay
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Saad Makhseed
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Erhan Demirbas
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, Kocaeli, 41400, Turkey.
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Abstract
Phthalocyanines are aromatic or macrocyclic organic compounds and attract great attention due to their numerous properties. They have many high-tech applications in different areas of the industry such as dyestuffs, thermal printing screens, photovoltaic solar cells, membrane catalytic reactors, semiconductor materials and gas sensors. In the last decade, electrochemical sensor studies have accelerated with the catalytic lighting. It plays a dominant role in the development and implementation of new generation sensors. The aim of this study is to review the electrochemical methods based on electrode modification with phthalocyanines and to shed light on new application areas of phthalocyanines. The focal point was based on the sensor applications of phthalocyanines in the determination of drugs, pesticides, organic materials and metals etc. by electrochemical methods. Experimental conditions and some validation parameters of the sensor applications such as metal phthalocyanine types, indicator electrodes, selectivity, working ranges, detection limits, and analytical applications were discussed. Consequently, this is the first review dealing with the applications of phthalocyanines in electrochemical sensors for the sensitive determination of analytes in a variety of matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Demir
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Hulya Silah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art & Science, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Bengi Uslu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Duan X, Zhang Y, Wang H, Dai F, Yang G, Chen Y. A phthalocyanine sensor array based on sensitivity and current changes for highly sensitive identification of three toxic gases at ppb levels. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02025g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first phthalocyanine-based sensor array by the combination of two parameters, namely current change direction and sensitivity, for accurate discrimination and wide range of detection of three toxic gases at ppb levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Duan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Fangna Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Guangwu Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao 266580
- China
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Şenocak A, Köksoy B, Akyüz D, Koca A, Klyamer D, Basova T, Demirbaş E, Durmuş M. Highly selective and ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensor behavior of 3D SWCNT-BODIPY hybrid material for eserine detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 128:144-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hussain SA, Dey B, Bhattacharjee D, Mehta N. Unique supramolecular assembly through Langmuir - Blodgett (LB) technique. Heliyon 2018; 4:e01038. [PMID: 30582053 PMCID: PMC6298938 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique is a way of making supra-molecular assembly in ultrathin films with a controlled layered structure and crystal parameter, which have many envisioned technological applications for optical and molecular electronic devices as well as signal processing and transformation. Probably LB technique is the best method to manipulate materials at molecular level and provides a scope to realize the molecular electronics in reality. In this review article, we have discussed about the general introduction of LB technique and recent development on LB and related system including (i) LB methodology, (ii) characterizations of LB films, (iii) LB films and molecular electronics, (iv) historical review of LB films, (v) research and applications including fundamental research and application towards devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Arshad Hussain
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India
| | - Bapi Dey
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India
| | - D. Bhattacharjee
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India
| | - N. Mehta
- Physics Department, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Akyüz D, Keleş T, Biyiklioglu Z, Koca A. Electrochemical pesticide sensors based on electropolymerized metallophthalocyanines. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Keleş T, Akyüz D, Biyiklioglu Z, Koca A. Electropolymerization of Metallophthalocyanines Carrying Redox Active Metal Centers and their Electrochemical Pesticide Sensing Application. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Turgut Keleş
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University; Trabzon Turkey
| | - Duygu Akyüz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Letters; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Zekeriya Biyiklioglu
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University; Trabzon Turkey
| | - Atıf Koca
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
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Rodríguez-Méndez ML, Medina-Plaza C, García-Hernández C, Rodríguez S, García-Cabezón C, Paniagua D, Rodríguez-Pérez MA, de Saja JA. Improvement of electrocatalytic effect in voltammetric sensors based on phthalocyanines. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424616500218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Voltammetric sensors based on phthalocyanines have been used to detect a variety of compounds. In this paper, the state of the art of sensors prepared using classical techniques will be revised. Then, new strategies to improve the performance of the sensors will be described using as example sensors chemically modified with lutetium bisphthalocyanine (LuPc[Formula: see text] dedicated to the detection of phenols of interest in the food industry. Classical LuPc2 carbon paste electrodes can detect phenols such as catechol, caffeic acid or pyrogallol with limits of detection in the range of 10[Formula: see text]–10[Formula: see text] M. The performance can be improved by using nanostructured Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) or Layer by Layer (LbL) films. The enhanced surface to volume ratio produce an increase in the sensitivity of the sensors. Limits of detection of 10[Formula: see text]–10[Formula: see text] M are attained, which are one order of magnitude lower than those obtained using conventional carbon paste electrodes. Moreover, these techniques can be used to co-immobilize two electrocatalytic materials in the same device. The limits of detection obtained in LB sensors combining LuPc2/AuNPs or LuPc2/CNT are further improved. Finally, the LB technique has been used to prepare biosensors where a phenol oxydase (such as tyrosinase or lacasse) is immobilized in a biomimetic environment that preserves the enzymatic activity. Moreover, LuPc2 can be co-immobilized with the enzyme in a lipidic film formed by arachidic acid (AA). LuPc2 can act as an electron mediator facilitating the electron transfer. These biomimetic sensors formed by LuPc2/AA/enzyme show Limits of detection of 10[Formula: see text] M and an enhanced selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L. Rodríguez-Méndez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Industrial Engineers School, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina Medina-Plaza
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Industrial Engineers School, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Celia García-Hernández
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Industrial Engineers School, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodríguez
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Industrial Engineers School, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Cabezón
- Department of Materials Science, Industrial Engineers School, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Paniagua
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Industrial Engineers School, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - José A. de Saja
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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Selva TMG, Paixão TRLCD. Boron-doped diamond as a sensor for the classification of carbamate pesticides using a chemometric approach. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03524d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensor for the classification of carbamate pesticides.
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