1
|
Miliordos E, Moore JL, Obisesan SV, Oppelt J, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Goldsmith CR. Computational Analysis of the Superoxide Dismutase Mimicry Exhibited by a Zinc(II) Complex with a Redox-Active Organic Ligand. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1491-1500. [PMID: 38354404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Previously, we found that a Zn(II) complex with the redox-active ligand N-(2,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-N,N',N'-tris(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (H2qp1) was able to act as a functional mimic of superoxide dismutase, despite its lack of a redox-active transition metal. As the complex catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide to form O2 and H2O2, the quinol in the ligand is believed to cycle between three oxidation states: quinol, quinoxyl radical, and para-quinone. Although the metal is not the redox partner, it nonetheless is essential to the reactivity since the free ligand by itself is inactive as a catalyst. In the present work, we primarily use calculations to probe the mechanism. The calculations support the inner-sphere decomposition of superoxide, suggest that the quinol/quinoxyl radical couple accounts for most of the catalysis, and elucidate the many roles that proton transfer between the zinc complexes and buffer has in the reactivity. Acid/base reactions involving the nonmetal-coordinating hydroxyl group on the quinol are predicted to be key to lowering the energy of the intermediates. We prepared a Zn(II) complex with N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N',N'-tris(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (Hpp1) that lacks this functional group and found that it could not catalyze the dismutation of superoxide; this confirms the importance of the second, distal hydroxyl group of the quinol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Miliordos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Jamonica L Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Segun V Obisesan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Julian Oppelt
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | | | - Christian R Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karbalaei S, Franke A, Oppelt J, Aziz T, Jordan A, Pokkuluri PR, Schwartz DD, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Goldsmith CR. A macrocyclic quinol-containing ligand enables high catalase activity even with a redox-inactive metal at the expense of the ability to mimic superoxide dismutase. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9910-9922. [PMID: 37736643 PMCID: PMC10510768 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02398b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we found that linear quinol-containing ligands could allow manganese complexes to act as functional mimics of superoxide dismutase (SOD). The redox activity of the quinol enables even Zn(ii) complexes with these ligands to catalyze superoxide degradation. As we were investigating the abilities of manganese and iron complexes with 1,8-bis(2,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (H4qp4) to act as redox-responsive contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we found evidence that they could also catalyze the dismutation of H2O2. Here, we investigate the antioxidant behavior of Mn(ii), Fe(ii), and Zn(ii) complexes with H4qp4. Although the H4qp4 complexes are relatively poor mimetics of SOD, with only the manganese complex displaying above-baseline catalysis, all three display extremely potent catalase activity. The ability of the Zn(ii) complex to catalyze the degradation of H2O2 demonstrates that the use of a redox-active ligand can enable redox-inactive metals to catalyze the decomposition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) besides superoxide. The results also demonstrate that the ligand framework can tune antioxidant activity towards specific ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Karbalaei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Alicja Franke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 81377 München Germany
| | - Julian Oppelt
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 81377 München Germany
| | - Tarfi Aziz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Aubree Jordan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - P Raj Pokkuluri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Dean D Schwartz
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moore JL, Oppelt J, Senft L, Franke A, Scheitler A, Dukes MW, Alix HB, Saunders AC, Karbalaei S, Schwartz DD, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Goldsmith CR. Diquinol Functionality Boosts the Superoxide Dismutase Mimicry of a Zn(II) Complex with a Redox-Active Ligand while Maintaining Catalyst Stability and Enhanced Activity in Phosphate Solution. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19983-19997. [PMID: 36445832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the current work, we demonstrate ligand design concepts that significantly improve the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of a zinc complex; the catalysis is enhanced when two quinol groups are present in the polydentate ligand. We investigate the mechanism through which the quinols influence the catalysis and determine the impact of entirely removing a chelating group from the original hexadentate ligand. Our results suggest that SOD mimicry with these compounds requires a ligand that coordinates Zn(II) strongly in both its oxidized and reduced forms and that the activity proceeds through Zn(II)-semiquinone complexes. The complex with two quinols displays greatly enhanced catalytic ability, with the activity improving by as much as 450% over a related complex with a single quinol. In the reduced form of the diquinol complex, one quinol appears to coordinate to the zinc much more weakly than the other. We believe that superoxide can more readily displace this portion of the ligand, facilitating its coordination to the metal center and thereby hastening the SOD reactivity. Despite the presence of two redox-active groups that may communicate through intramolecular hydrogen bonding and redox tautomerism, only one quinol undergoes two-electron oxidation to a para-quinone during the catalysis. After the formation of the para-quinone, the remaining quinol deprotonates and binds tightly to the metal, ensuring that the complex remains intact in its oxidized state, thereby maintaining its catalytic ability. The Zn(II) complex with the diquinol ligand is highly unusual for a SOD mimic in that it performs more efficiently in phosphate solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamonica L Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Julian Oppelt
- Department Chemie, Ludwig- Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, München81377, Germany
| | - Laura Senft
- Department Chemie, Ludwig- Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, München81377, Germany
| | - Alicja Franke
- Department Chemie, Ludwig- Maximilians Universität (LMU) München, München81377, Germany
| | - Andreas Scheitler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, Erlangen91508, Germany
| | - Meghan W Dukes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Haley B Alix
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Alexander C Saunders
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Sana Karbalaei
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | - Dean D Schwartz
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| | | | - Christian R Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
MnTnHex-2-PyP 5+, Coupled to Radiation, Suppresses Metastasis of 4T1 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer via AKT/Snail/EMT Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111769. [PMID: 34829640 PMCID: PMC8615021 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor migration and invasion induced by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are prerequisites for metastasis. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect of a mimic of superoxide dismutase (SOD), cationic Mn(III) ortho-substituted N-n-hexylpyridylporphyrin (MnTnHex-2-PyP5+, MnHex) on the metastasis of breast cancer in cellular and animal models, focusing on the migration of tumor cells and the factors that modulate this behavior. Wound healing and Transwell migration assays revealed that the migration of mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells was markedly reduced during the concurrent treatment of MnHex and radiation therapy (RT) compared with that of the control and RT alone. Bioluminescence imaging showed that MnHex/RT co-treatment dramatically reduced lung metastasis of 4T1 cells in mice, compared with the sham control and both single treatments. Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that MnHex treatment of 4T1 cells reversed the RT-induced EMT via inhibiting AKT/GSK-3β/Snail pathway in vitro, thereby decreasing cell migration and invasion. Consistently, histopathological analyses of 4T1 tumors showed that MnHex/RT reduced Snail expression, blocked EMT, and in turn suppressed metastases. Again, in the human metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line, MnHex inhibited metastatic potential in vitro and in vivo and suppressed the RT-induced Snail expression. In addition to our previous studies showing tumor growth inhibition, this study demonstrated that MnHex carries the ability to minimize the metastatic potential of RT-treated cancers, thus overcoming their radioresistance.
Collapse
|
5
|
Senft L, Moore JL, Franke A, Fisher KR, Scheitler A, Zahl A, Puchta R, Fehn D, Ison S, Sader S, Ivanović-Burmazović I, Goldsmith CR. Quinol-containing ligands enable high superoxide dismutase activity by modulating coordination number, charge, oxidation states and stability of manganese complexes throughout redox cycling. Chem Sci 2021; 12:10483-10500. [PMID: 34447541 PMCID: PMC8356818 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02465e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivity assays previously suggested that two quinol-containing MRI contrast agent sensors for H2O2, [Mn(H2qp1)(MeCN)]2+ and [Mn(H4qp2)Br2], could also catalytically degrade superoxide. Subsequently, [Zn(H2qp1)(OTf)]+ was found to use the redox activity of the H2qp1 ligand to catalyze the conversion of O2˙− to O2 and H2O2, raising the possibility that the organic ligand, rather than the metal, could serve as the redox partner for O2˙− in the manganese chemistry. Here, we use stopped-flow kinetics and cryospray-ionization mass spectrometry (CSI-MS) analysis of the direct reactions between the manganese-containing contrast agents and O2˙− to confirm the activity and elucidate the catalytic mechanism. The obtained data are consistent with the operation of multiple parallel catalytic cycles, with both the quinol groups and manganese cycling through different oxidation states during the reactions with superoxide. The choice of ligand impacts the overall charges of the intermediates and allows us to visualize complementary sets of intermediates within the catalytic cycles using CSI-MS. With the diquinolic H4qp2, we detect Mn(iii)-superoxo intermediates with both reduced and oxidized forms of the ligand, a Mn(iii)-hydroperoxo compound, and what is formally a Mn(iv)-oxo species with the monoquinolate/mono-para-quinone form of H4qp2. With the monoquinolic H2qp1, we observe a Mn(ii)-superoxo ↔ Mn(iii)-peroxo intermediate with the oxidized para-quinone form of the ligand. The observation of these species suggests inner-sphere mechanisms for O2˙− oxidation and reduction that include both the ligand and manganese as redox partners. The higher positive charges of the complexes with the reduced and oxidized forms of H2qp1 compared to those with related forms of H4qp2 result in higher catalytic activity (kcat ∼ 108 M−1 s−1 at pH 7.4) that rivals those of the most active superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics. The manganese complex with H2qp1 is markedly more stable in water than other highly active non-porphyrin-based and even some Mn(ii) porphyrin-based SOD mimics. Manganese complexes with polydentate quinol-containing ligands are found to catalyze the degradation of superoxide through inner-sphere mechanisms. The redox activity of the ligand stabilizes higher-valent manganese species.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Senft
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13 D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Jamonica L Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Alicja Franke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13 D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Katherine R Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Butenandtstr. 5-13 D 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Andreas Scheitler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Achim Zahl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ralph Puchta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sidney Ison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | - Safaa Sader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Valachová K, Rapta P, Moura NMM, Batinic-Haberle I, Šoltés L. Ortho Isomeric Mn(III) N-Alkyl- and Alkoxyalkylpyridylporphyrins-Enhancers of Hyaluronan Degradation Induced by Ascorbate and Cupric Ions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168608. [PMID: 34445313 PMCID: PMC8395334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) in tumors correlate with poor outcomes with several types of cancers due to HA-driven support of adhesion, migration and proliferation of cells. In this study we explored how to enhance the degradation of HA into low-molecular fragments, which cannot prevent the immune system to fight tumor proliferation and metastases. The physiological solution of HA was exposed to oxidative degradation by ascorbate and cupric ions in the presence of either one of three ortho isomeric Mn(III) substituted N-alkyl- and alkoxyalkylpyridylporphyrins or para isomeric Mn(III) N-methylpyridyl analog, commonly known as mimics of superoxide dismutase. The changes in hyaluronan degradation kinetics by four Mn(III) porphyrins were monitored by measuring the alteration in the dynamic viscosity of the HA solution. The ortho compounds MnTE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-010, AEOL10113), MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-001) and MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ are able to redox cycle with ascorbate whereby producing H2O2 which is subsequently coupled with Cu(I) to produce the •OH radical essential for HA degradation. Conversely, with the para analog, MnTM-4-PyP5+, no catalysis of HA degradation was demonstrated, due to its inertness towards redox cycling with ascorbate. The impact of different Mn(III)-porphyrins on the HA decay was further clarified by electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry. The ability to catalyze the degradation of HA in a biological milieu, in the presence of cupric ions and ascorbate under the conditions of high tumor oxidative stress provides further insight into the anticancer potential of redox-active ortho isomeric Mn(III) porphyrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Valachová
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (P.R.)
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (K.V.); (P.R.)
| | - Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Ladislav Šoltés
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zahradníková E, Císařová I, Drahoš B. Triple M as Manganese: Medicine, magnetism and macrocycles. Seven-coordinate Mn(II) complexes with pyridine-based macrocyclic ligands. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
|
9
|
Hasan B, Tovmasyan A, Batinic-Haberle I, Benov L. Ascorbate-dependent and ascorbate-independent Mn porphyrin cytotoxicity: anticancer activity of Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimics through ascorbate-dependent and -independent routes. Redox Rep 2021; 26:85-93. [PMID: 33902399 PMCID: PMC8081310 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1917214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate how modifications at the periphery of the porphyrin ring affect the anticancer activity of Mn porphyrins (MnPs)-based SOD mimics. Methods Six compounds: MnTE-2-PyP with a short ethyl chain on the pyridyl ring; MnTnHexOE-2-PyP and MnTnOct-2-PyP with linear 8-atom alkyl chains, but the former with an oxygen atom within the alkyl chain; MnTE-2-PyPhP and MnTPhE-2-PyP with pyridyl and phenyl substituents, were investigated. Cytotoxicity was studied using pII and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. Viability was assessed by the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and cell proliferation was determined by the sulforhodamine B assay. Results Cellular uptake was increased with the increase of the lipophilicity of the compounds, whereas reduction potential (E½) of the Mn(III)/Mn(II) redox couple shifted away from the optimal value for efficient redox cycling with ascorbate, necessary for ROS production. Amphiphilic MnPs, however, exerted anticancer activity by a mechanism not involving ROS. Conclusion Two different processes account for MnPs cytotoxicity. MnPs with appropriate E½ act via a ROS-dependent mechanism. Amphiphilic MnPs with suitable structure damage sensitive cellular constituents, leading to the suppression of proliferation and loss of viability. Design of compounds interacting directly with sensitive cellular targets is highly promising in the development of anticancer drugs with high selectivity and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bader Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Neurobiology, Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ludmil Benov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Boss MK, Oberley-Deegan RE, Batinic-Haberle I, Talmon GA, Somarelli JA, Xu S, Kosmacek EA, Griess B, Mir S, Shrishrimal S, Teoh-Fitzgerald M, Spasojevic I, Dewhirst MW. Manganese Porphyrin and Radiotherapy Improves Local Tumor Response and Overall Survival in Orthotopic Murine Mammary Carcinoma Models. Radiat Res 2021; 195:128-139. [PMID: 33264413 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00109.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Novel synthetic compounds, known as manganese porphyrins (MnPs), have been designed to shift the redox status of both normal cells and cancer cells. When MnPs are coupled with cancer therapies, such as radiation, they have been shown to sensitize tumor cells to treatment and protect normal tissues from damage through the modulation of the redox status of various tissue types. Until now, our preclinical studies have focused on local effects of MnPs and radiation; however, we recognize that successful outcomes for cancer patients involve control of tumor cells throughout the body. In this study, using murine orthotopic mammary tumor models, we investigated how MnPs and radiation influence the development of distant metastasis. We hypothesized that the combination of MnP (MnP/RT), such as MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ and radiation treatment (RT) would increase local tumor control via a shift in the intratumoral redox environment, leading to subsequent downregulation of HIF-1 in the primary tumor. Secondarily, we hypothesized that these primary tumor treatment effects would result in a reduction in pulmonary metastatic burden. Balb/c mice with orthotopic 4T1 mammary carcinomas were treated with saline, MnP, RT or MnP/RT. We found MnP/RT did extend local tumor growth delay and overall survival compared to controls and was associated with increased intratumoral oxidative stress. However, the primary tumor growth delay observed with MnP/RT was not associated with a reduced pulmonary metastatic burden. Future directions to investigate the effects of MnP/RT on the development of distant metastasis may include modifications to the radiation dose, the experimental timeline or using a murine mammary carcinoma cell line with a less aggressive metastatic behavior. Clinical trials are underway to investigate the clinical utility of MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ for patients undergoing radiotherapy for various tumor types. The promising preclinical data from this study, as well as others, provides support that MnP/RT has the potential to improve local tumor control for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Geoffrey A Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Jason A Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Elizabeth A Kosmacek
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Brandon Griess
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Shakeel Mir
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Shashank Shrishrimal
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Melissa Teoh-Fitzgerald
- Department of b Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Mark W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rosa AC, Corsi D, Cavi N, Bruni N, Dosio F. Superoxide Dismutase Administration: A Review of Proposed Human Uses. Molecules 2021; 26:1844. [PMID: 33805942 PMCID: PMC8037464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloenzymes that play a major role in antioxidant defense against oxidative stress in the body. SOD supplementation may therefore trigger the endogenous antioxidant machinery for the neutralization of free-radical excess and be used in a variety of pathological settings. This paper aimed to provide an extensive review of the possible uses of SODs in a range of pathological settings, as well as describe the current pitfalls and the delivery strategies that are in development to solve bioavailability issues. We carried out a PubMed query, using the keywords "SOD", "SOD mimetics", "SOD supplementation", which included papers published in the English language, between 2012 and 2020, on the potential therapeutic applications of SODs, including detoxification strategies. As highlighted in this paper, it can be argued that the generic antioxidant effects of SODs are beneficial under all tested conditions, from ocular and cardiovascular diseases to neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic diseases, including diabetes and its complications and obesity. However, it must be underlined that clinical evidence for its efficacy is limited and consequently, this efficacy is currently far from being demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Carolina Rosa
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (N.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Daniele Corsi
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (N.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Niccolò Cavi
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (N.C.); (F.D.)
| | - Natascia Bruni
- Istituto Farmaceutico Candioli, Strada Comunale di None, 1, 10092 Beinasco, Italy;
| | - Franco Dosio
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (D.C.); (N.C.); (F.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Batinic-Haberle I, Tovmasyan A, Huang Z, Duan W, Du L, Siamakpour-Reihani S, Cao Z, Sheng H, Spasojevic I, Alvarez Secord A. H 2O 2-Driven Anticancer Activity of Mn Porphyrins and the Underlying Molecular Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6653790. [PMID: 33815656 PMCID: PMC7987459 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6653790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mn(III) ortho-N-alkyl- and N-alkoxyalkyl porphyrins (MnPs) were initially developed as superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimics. These compounds were later shown to react with numerous reactive species (such as ONOO-, H2O2, H2S, CO3 •-, ascorbate, and GSH). Moreover, the ability of MnPs to oxidatively modify activities of numerous proteins has emerged as their major mechanism of action both in normal and in cancer cells. Among those proteins are transcription factors (NF-κB and Nrf2), mitogen-activated protein kinases, MAPKs, antiapoptotic bcl-2, and endogenous antioxidative defenses. The lead Mn porphyrins, namely, MnTE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-010, AEOL10113), MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (BMX-001), and MnTnHex-2-PyP5+, were tested in numerous injuries of normal tissue and cellular and animal cancer models. The wealth of the data led to the progression of MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ into four Phase II clinical trials on glioma, head and neck cancer, anal cancer, and multiple brain metastases, while MnTE-2-PyP5+ is in Phase II clinical trial on atopic dermatitis and itch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Sciences, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Weina Duan
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Li Du
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Zhipeng Cao
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Huaxin Sheng
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) Core Laboratory, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Angeles Alvarez Secord
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Faustova M, Nikolskaya E, Sokol M, Fomicheva M, Petrov R, Yabbarov N. Metalloporphyrins in Medicine: From History to Recent Trends. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8146-8171. [PMID: 35019597 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The history of metalloporphyrins dates back more than 200 years ago. Metalloporphyrins are excellent catalysts, capable of forming supramolecular systems, participate in oxygen photosynthesis, transport, and used as contrast agents or superoxide dismutase mimetics. Today, metalloporphyrins represent complexes of conjugated π-electron system and metals from the entire periodic system. However, the effect of these compounds on living systems has not been fully understood, and researchers are exploring the properties of metalloporphyrins thereby extending their further application. This review provides an overview of the variety of metalloporphyrins that are currently used in different medicine fields and how metalloporphyrins became the subject of scientists' interest. Currently, metalloporphyrins utilization has expanded significantly, which gave us an opprotunuty to summarize recent progress in metalloporphyrins derivatives and prospects of their application in the treatment and diagnosis of different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Faustova
- MIREA-Russian Technological University, Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, 119454 Moscow, Russia.,N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Nikolskaya
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Sokol
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow Russia
| | - Margarita Fomicheva
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow Russia
| | - Rem Petrov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Nikita Yabbarov
- N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia.,JSC Russian Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy, 117149 Moscow Russia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Antibacterial Activity of Synthetic Cationic Iron Porphyrins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100972. [PMID: 33050461 PMCID: PMC7601463 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread antibiotic resistance demands new strategies for fighting infections. Porphyrin-based compounds were long ago introduced as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, but light-independent antimicrobial activity of such compounds has not been systematically explored. The results of this study demonstrate that synthetic cationic amphiphilic iron N-alkylpyridylporphyrins exert strong bactericidal action at concentrations as low as 5 μM. Iron porphyrin, FeTnHex-2-PyP, which is well tolerated by laboratory animals, efficiently killed Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms. Its bactericidal activity was oxygen-independent and was controlled by the lipophilicity and accumulation of the compound in bacterial cells. Such behavior is in contrast with the anionic gallium protoporphyrin IX, whose efficacy depends on cellular heme uptake systems. Under aerobic conditions, however, the activity of FeTnHex-2-PyP was limited by its destruction due to redox-cycling. Neither iron released from the Fe-porphyrin nor other decomposition products were the cause of the bactericidal activity. FeTnHex-2-PyP was as efficient against antibiotic-sensitive E. coli and S. aureus as against their antibiotic-resistant counterparts. Our data demonstrate that development of amphiphilic, positively charged metalloporphyrins might be a promising approach in the introduction of new weapons against antibiotic-resistant strains.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li L, Tovmasyan A, Sheng H, Xu B, Sampaio RS, Reboucas JS, Warner DS, Batinic-Haberle I, Spasojevic I. Fe Porphyrin-Based SOD Mimic and Redox-Active Compound, (OH)FeTnHex-2-PyP 4+, in a Rodent Ischemic Stroke (MCAO) Model: Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics as Compared to Its Mn Analogue, (H 2O)MnTnHex-2-PyP 5+. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060467. [PMID: 32492872 PMCID: PMC7346179 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin, (H2O)MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ (MnHex) carrying long hexyl chains, is a lipophilic mimic of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a redox-active drug candidate. MnHex crosses the blood–brain barrier, and improved neurologic outcome and decreased infarct size and inflammation in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) ischemic stroke model. Yet, the dose and the therapeutic efficacy of Mn porphyrin were limited by an adverse effect of arterial hypotension. An equally lipophilic Fe analog, (OH)FeTnHex-2-PyP4+ (FeHex), is as redox-active and potent SOD mimic in vitro. With different coordination geometry of the metal site, FeHex has one hydroxo (OH) ligand (instead of water) bound to the Fe center in the axial position. It has ~2 orders of magnitude higher efficacy than MnHex in an SOD-deficient E. coli model of oxidative stress. In vivo, it does not cause arterial hypotension and is less toxic to mice. We thus evaluated FeHex versus MnHex in a rodent MCAO model. We first performed short- and long-term pharmacokinetics (PK) of both porphyrins in the plasma, brain, and liver of rats and mice. Given that damage to the brain during stroke occurs very rapidly, fast delivery of a sufficient dose of drug is important. Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate if, and how fast after reperfusion, Fe porphyrin reaches the brain relative to the Mn analog. A markedly different plasma half-life was found with FeHex (~23 h) than with MnHex (~1.4 h), which resulted in a more than 2-fold higher plasma exposure (AUC) in a 7-day twice-daily treatment of rats. The increased plasma half-life is explained by the much lower liver retention of FeHex than typically found in Mn analogs. In the brain, a 3-day mouse PK study showed similar levels of MnHex and FeHex. The same result was obtained in a 7-day rat PK study, despite the higher plasma exposure of FeHex. Importantly, in a short-term PK study with treatment starting 2 h post MCAO, both Fe- and Mn- analogs distributed at a higher level to the injured brain hemisphere, with a more pronounced effect observed with FeHex. While a 3-day mouse MCAO study suggested the efficacy of Fe porphyrin, in a 7-day rat MCAO study, Mn-, but not Fe porphyrin, was efficacious. The observed lack of FeHex efficacy was discussed in terms of significant differences in the chemistry of Fe vs. the Mn center of metalloporphyrin; relative to MnHex, FeHex has the propensity for axial coordination, which in vivo would preclude the reactivity of the Fe center towards small reactive species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Litao Li
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology, Biomedical Engineering, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.L.); (H.S.); (B.X.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (A.T.); (I.B.-H.)
| | - Huaxin Sheng
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology, Biomedical Engineering, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.L.); (H.S.); (B.X.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Bin Xu
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology, Biomedical Engineering, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.L.); (H.S.); (B.X.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Romulo S. Sampaio
- Departamento de Química, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; (R.S.S.); (J.S.R.)
| | - Julio S. Reboucas
- Departamento de Química, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; (R.S.S.); (J.S.R.)
| | - David S. Warner
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology, Biomedical Engineering, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.L.); (H.S.); (B.X.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (A.T.); (I.B.-H.)
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- PK/PD Core Laboratory, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +919-684-8311
| |
Collapse
|