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Lyons B, Balkaran JPR, Dunn-Lawless D, Lucian V, Keller SB, O’Reilly CS, Hu L, Rubasingham J, Nair M, Carlisle R, Stride E, Gray M, Coussios C. Sonosensitive Cavitation Nuclei-A Customisable Platform Technology for Enhanced Therapeutic Delivery. Molecules 2023; 28:7733. [PMID: 38067464 PMCID: PMC10708135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-mediated cavitation shows great promise for improving targeted drug delivery across a range of clinical applications. Cavitation nuclei-sound-sensitive constructs that enhance cavitation activity at lower pressures-have become a powerful adjuvant to ultrasound-based treatments, and more recently emerged as a drug delivery vehicle in their own right. The unique combination of physical, biological, and chemical effects that occur around these structures, as well as their varied compositions and morphologies, make cavitation nuclei an attractive platform for creating delivery systems tuned to particular therapeutics. In this review, we describe the structure and function of cavitation nuclei, approaches to their functionalization and customization, various clinical applications, progress toward real-world translation, and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lyons
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; (J.P.R.B.); (D.D.-L.); (V.L.); (S.B.K.); (L.H.); (J.R.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (E.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Joel P. R. Balkaran
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; (J.P.R.B.); (D.D.-L.); (V.L.); (S.B.K.); (L.H.); (J.R.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (E.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Darcy Dunn-Lawless
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; (J.P.R.B.); (D.D.-L.); (V.L.); (S.B.K.); (L.H.); (J.R.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (E.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Veronica Lucian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; (J.P.R.B.); (D.D.-L.); (V.L.); (S.B.K.); (L.H.); (J.R.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (E.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Sara B. Keller
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; (J.P.R.B.); (D.D.-L.); (V.L.); (S.B.K.); (L.H.); (J.R.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (E.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Colm S. O’Reilly
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK;
| | - Luna Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; (J.P.R.B.); (D.D.-L.); (V.L.); (S.B.K.); (L.H.); (J.R.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (E.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Jeffrey Rubasingham
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; (J.P.R.B.); (D.D.-L.); (V.L.); (S.B.K.); (L.H.); (J.R.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (E.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Malavika Nair
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; (J.P.R.B.); (D.D.-L.); (V.L.); (S.B.K.); (L.H.); (J.R.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (E.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Robert Carlisle
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; (J.P.R.B.); (D.D.-L.); (V.L.); (S.B.K.); (L.H.); (J.R.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (E.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; (J.P.R.B.); (D.D.-L.); (V.L.); (S.B.K.); (L.H.); (J.R.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (E.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Michael Gray
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; (J.P.R.B.); (D.D.-L.); (V.L.); (S.B.K.); (L.H.); (J.R.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (E.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Constantin Coussios
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK; (J.P.R.B.); (D.D.-L.); (V.L.); (S.B.K.); (L.H.); (J.R.); (M.N.); (R.C.); (E.S.); (M.G.)
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Duncan B, Al-Kassas R, Zhang G, Hughes D, Qiu Y. Ultrasound-Mediated Ocular Drug Delivery: From Physics and Instrumentation to Future Directions. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1575. [PMID: 37630111 PMCID: PMC10456754 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery to the anterior and posterior segments of the eye is impeded by anatomical and physiological barriers. Increasingly, the bioeffects produced by ultrasound are being proven effective for mitigating the impact of these barriers on ocular drug delivery, though there does not appear to be a consensus on the most appropriate system configuration and operating parameters for this application. In this review, the fundamental aspects of ultrasound physics most pertinent to drug delivery are presented; the primary phenomena responsible for increased drug delivery efficacy under ultrasound sonication are discussed; an overview of common ocular drug administration routes and the associated ocular barriers is also given before reviewing the current state of the art of ultrasound-mediated ocular drug delivery and its potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair Duncan
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Raida Al-Kassas
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Dave Hughes
- Novosound Ltd., Biocity, BoNess Road, Newhouse, Glasgow ML1 5UH, UK
| | - Yongqiang Qiu
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
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Smart pills for gastrointestinal diagnostics and therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113931. [PMID: 34416311 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ingestible smart pills have the potential to be a powerful clinical tool in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal disease. Though examples of this technology, such as capsule endoscopy, have been successfully translated from the lab into clinically used products, there are still numerous challenges that need to be overcome. This review gives an overview of the research being done in the area of ingestible smart pills and reports on the technical challenges in this field.
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Ultrasound mediated delivery of quantum dots from a proof of concept capsule endoscope to the gastrointestinal wall. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2584. [PMID: 33510366 PMCID: PMC7844260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologic drugs, defined as therapeutic agents produced from or containing components of a living organism, are of growing importance to the pharmaceutical industry. Though oral delivery of medicine is convenient, biologics require invasive injections because of their poor bioavailability via oral routes. Delivery of biologics to the small intestine using electronic delivery with devices that are similar to capsule endoscopes is a promising means of overcoming this limitation and does not require reformulation of the therapeutic agent. The efficacy of such capsule devices for drug delivery could be further improved by increasing the permeability of the intestinal tract lining with an integrated ultrasound transducer to increase uptake. This paper describes a novel proof of concept capsule device capable of electronic application of focused ultrasound and delivery of therapeutic agents. Fluorescent markers, which were chosen as a model drug, were used to demonstrate in vivo delivery in the porcine small intestine with this capsule. We show that the fluorescent markers can penetrate the mucus layer of the small intestine at low acoustic powers when combining microbubbles with focused ultrasound during in vivo experiments using porcine models. This study illustrates how such a device could be potentially used for gastrointestinal drug delivery and the challenges to be overcome before focused ultrasound and microbubbles could be used with this device for the oral delivery of biologic therapeutics.
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Davies HJ, Morse SV, Copping MJ, Sujarittam K, Bourgin VD, Tang MX, Choi JJ. Imaging With Therapeutic Acoustic Wavelets-Short Pulses Enable Acoustic Localization When Time of Arrival is Combined With Delay and Sum. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:178-190. [PMID: 32976097 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3026165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Passive acoustic mapping (PAM) is an algorithm that reconstructs the location of acoustic sources using an array of receivers. This technique can monitor therapeutic ultrasound procedures to confirm the spatial distribution and amount of microbubble activity induced. Current PAM algorithms have an excellent lateral resolution but have a poor axial resolution, making it difficult to distinguish acoustic sources within the ultrasound beams. With recent studies demonstrating that short-length and low-pressure pulses-acoustic wavelets-have the therapeutic function, we hypothesized that the axial resolution could be improved with a quasi-pulse-echo approach and that the resolution improvement would depend on the wavelet's pulse length. This article describes an algorithm that resolves acoustic sources axially using time of flight and laterally using delay-and-sum beamforming, which we named axial temporal position PAM (ATP-PAM). The algorithm accommodates a rapid short pulse (RaSP) sequence that can safely deliver drugs across the blood-brain barrier. We developed our algorithm with simulations (k-wave) and in vitro experiments for one-, two-, and five-cycle pulses, comparing our resolution against that of two current PAM algorithms. We then tested ATP-PAM in vivo and evaluated whether the reconstructed acoustic sources mapped to drug delivery within the brain. In simulations and in vitro, ATP-PAM had an improved resolution for all pulse lengths tested. In vivo, experiments in mice indicated that ATP-PAM could be used to target and monitor drug delivery into the brain. With acoustic wavelets and time of flight, ATP-PAM can locate acoustic sources with a vastly improved spatial resolution.
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Lyutakov I, Penchev P. Current Advances in Drug Delivery Systems for Capsule Endoscopy. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:838-843. [PMID: 32682365 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200719002652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral administration of medications and current oral modified-release systems are the most preferred drug delivery routes, but they provide efficacy up to 12-24 hours per administration and are not useful when the patient has short transit time. The once-daily administered formulations are the endpoint of many types of drug development, and some innovations in capsule endoscopy (CE) can solve this problem. OBJECTIVE This review aims to reveal recent advances in drug delivery systems (DDS) for CE as an essential field of research for more precise drug targeting at the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. METHODS We performed a narrative overview of the MEDLINE database from 1991-2020 using the keywords of DDS and CE with synthesizing the findings, hand searches, and authoritative articles. RESULTS There are microelectromechanical systems and non-mechanical patent technologies for DDS for CE, and the implementation of wireless-capsule medical devices into the human body will provide new diagnostic and therapeutic options. Integrating biomedical CE with DDS and the cloud technology will bring remote real-time feedbackbased automated treatment or responsive medication. CONCLUSION Swallowable drug delivery systems for capsule endoscopy brings an entirely new approach for diagnostic and therapeutic methods in digestive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Lyutakov
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital "Tsaritsa Yoanna-ISUL", Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Plamen Penchev
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital "Tsaritsa Yoanna-ISUL", Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Linz G, Djeljadini S, Steinbeck L, Köse G, Kiessling F, Wessling M. Cell barrier characterization in transwell inserts by electrical impedance spectroscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112345. [PMID: 32513645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We describe an impedance-based method for cell barrier integrity testing. A four-electrode electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) setup can be realized by simply connecting a commercial chopstick-like electrode (STX-1) to a potentiostat allowing monitoring cell barriers cultivated in transwell inserts. Subsequent electric circuit modeling of the electrical impedance results the capacitive properties of the barrier next to the well-known transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). The versatility of the new method was analyzed by the EIS analysis of a Caco-2 monolayer in response to (a) different membrane coating materials, (b) two different permeability enhancers ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and saponin, and (c) sonoporation. For the different membrane coating materials, the TEERs of the standard and new protocol coincide and increase during cultivation, while the capacitance shows a distinct maximum for three different surface materials (no coating, Matrigel®, and collagen I). The permeability enhancers cause a decline in the TEER value, but only saponin alters the capacitance of the cell layer by two orders of magnitude. Hence, cell layer capacitance and TEER represent two independent properties characterizing the monolayer. The use of commercial chopstick-like electrodes to access the impedance of a barrier cultivated in transwell inserts enables remarkable insight into the behavior of the cellular barrier with no extra work for the researcher. This simple method could evolve into a standard protocol used in cell barrier research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Linz
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Suzana Djeljadini
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lea Steinbeck
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gurbet Köse
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstrasse 51, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiahui Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology Institution College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology Institution College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN) National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) National Institutes of Health (NIH) Bethesda Maryland 20892 USA
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology Institution College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350108 China
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Lin X, Song J, Chen X, Yang H. Ultrasound-Activated Sensitizers and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14212-14233. [PMID: 31267634 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modalities for photo-triggered anticancer therapy are usually limited by their low penetrative depth. Sonotheranostics especially sonodynamic therapy (SDT), which is different from photodynamic therapy (PDT) by the use of highly penetrating acoustic waves to activate a class of sound-responsive materials called sonosensitizers, has gained significant interest in recent years. The effect of SDT is closely related to the structural and physicochemical properties of the sonosensitizers, which has led to the development of new sound-activated materials as sonosensitizers for various biomedical applications. This Review provides a summary and discussion of the types of novel sonosensitizers developed in the last few years and outlines their specific designs and the potential challenges. The applications of sonosensitizers with various functions such as for imaging and drug delivery as well as in combination with other treatment modalities would provide new strategies for disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiahui Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology Institution, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Jibin Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology Institution, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology Institution, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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Bianchi F, Masaracchia A, Shojaei Barjuei E, Menciassi A, Arezzo A, Koulaouzidis A, Stoyanov D, Dario P, Ciuti G. Localization strategies for robotic endoscopic capsules: a review. Expert Rev Med Devices 2019; 16:381-403. [PMID: 31056968 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2019.1608182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bianchi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alberto Arezzo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Danail Stoyanov
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Dario
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gastone Ciuti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
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Vannozzi L, Iacovacci V, Menciassi A, Ricotti L. Nanocomposite thin films for triggerable drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018. [PMID: 29521583 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1451512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditional drug release systems normally rely on a passive delivery of therapeutic compounds, which can be partially programmed, prior to injection or implantation, through variations in the material composition. With this strategy, the drug release kinetics cannot be remotely modified and thus adapted to changing therapeutic needs. To overcome this issue, drug delivery systems able to respond to external stimuli are highly desirable, as they allow a high level of temporal and spatial control over drug release kinetics, in an operator-dependent fashion. AREAS COVERED On-demand drug delivery systems actually represent a frontier in this field and are attracting an increasing interest at both research and industrial level. Stimuli-responsive thin films, enabled by nanofillers, hold a tremendous potential in the field of triggerable drug delivery systems. The inclusion of responsive elements in homogeneous or heterogeneous thin film-shaped polymeric matrices strengthens and/or adds intriguing properties to conventional (bare) materials in film shape. EXPERT OPINION This Expert Opinion review aims to discuss the approaches currently pursued to achieve an effective on-demand drug delivery, through nanocomposite thin films. Different triggering mechanisms allowing a fine control on drug delivery are described, together with current challenges and possible future applications in therapy and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Vannozzi
- a The BioRobotics Institute , Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Pontedera , Italy
| | - Veronica Iacovacci
- a The BioRobotics Institute , Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Pontedera , Italy
| | - Arianna Menciassi
- a The BioRobotics Institute , Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Pontedera , Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- a The BioRobotics Institute , Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna , Pontedera , Italy
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