1
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Grecchi S, Bonczak B, Malacarne F, Salinas G, Cirilli R, Arnaboldi S. Wireless asymmetric umpolung electrosynthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38979647 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Electroorganic synthesis has become an exciting tool for the asymmetric conversion of pro-chiral compounds. Herein, we introduced a wireless methodology based on bipolar electrochemistry in synergy with the enantioselective capabilities of inherently chiral oligomers to induce an umpolung chirality transfer. This was exemplified by the electro-conversion of a racemic mixture of lansoprazole to an enantio-enriched solution of a single antipode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grecchi
- Dip. Di Chimica, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | - Gerardo Salinas
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33607 Pessac, France
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale per il Controllo e la Valutazione dei Farmaci, Rome, Italy
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2
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Malacarne F, Grecchi S, Niamlaem M, Bonczak B, Salinas G, Arnaboldi S. Unconventional approaches for chiral resolution. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3677-3685. [PMID: 38755462 PMCID: PMC11180637 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental and ubiquitous property of nature involved in multiple fields of science. In particular, the possible resolution of the enantiomeric forms of a molecule is crucial in the pharmaceutical, food, and agrochemical industries. The search for efficient, broad-spectrum, and yet simple methods for obtaining enantiomerically pure substances is a current challenge. Enantioselective resolution methods rely on an asymmetric environment that allows the two antipodes of a chiral molecule to be distinguished. In addition to enantiomeric separation techniques, such as chromatography and electrophoresis, new promising approaches involving out-of-the-scheme synergistic effects between chiral selectors (CS) and external stimuli are emerging. This Trends article discusses different enantioselective mechanisms triggered by unconventional physicochemical stimuli for the design of avant-garde approaches that could offer novel perspectives in the field of chiral resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Grecchi
- Dip. Di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Gerardo Salinas
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Serena Arnaboldi
- Dip. Di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Arias-Aranda LR, Salinas G, Kuhn A, Xu G, Kanoufi F, Bouffier L, Sojic N. Complex electrochemiluminescence patterns shaped by hydrodynamics at a rotating bipolar electrode. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8723-8730. [PMID: 38873074 PMCID: PMC11168095 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02528h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a powerful analytical approach that enables the optical readout of electrochemical processes. Over the last few years, ECL has gained considerable attention due to its large number of applications, including chemical sensing, bioanalysis and microscopy. In these fields, the promotion of ECL at bipolar electrodes has offered unprecedented opportunities thanks to wireless electrochemical addressing. Herein, we take advantage of the synergy between ECL and bipolar electrochemistry (BE) for imaging light-emitting layers shaped by hydrodynamics, polarization effects and the nature of the electrochemical reactions taking place wirelessly on a rotating bipolar electrode. The proof-of-principle is established with the model ECL system [Ru(bpy)3]2+/tri-n-propylamine. Interestingly, the ECL-emitting region moves and expands progressively from the anodic bipolar pole to the cathodic one where ECL reactants should neither be generated nor ECL be observed. Therefore, it shows a completely unusual behavior in the ECL field since the region where ECL reagents are oxidized does not coincide with the zone where ECL light is emitted. In addition, the ECL patterns change progressively to an "ECL croissant" and then to a complete ring shape due to the hydrodynamic convection. Such an approach allows the visualization of complex light-emitting patterns, whose shape is directly controlled by the rotation speed, chemical reactivity and BE-induced polarization. Indeed, the bipolar electrochemical addressing of the electrode breaks the circular symmetry of the reported rotating system. This unexplored and a priori simple configuration yields unique ECL behavior and raises new curious questions from the theoretical and experimental points of view in analytical chemistry. Finally, this novel wireless approach will be useful for the development of original ECL systems for analytical chemistry, studies of electrochemical reactivity, coupling microfluidics with ECL and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerardo Salinas
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSMAC 33607 Pessac France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSMAC 33607 Pessac France
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun Jilin 130022 P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China No. 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | | | - Laurent Bouffier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSMAC 33607 Pessac France
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Site ENSMAC 33607 Pessac France
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4
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Li C, Feng M, Stanković D, Bouffier L, Zhang F, Wang Z, Sojic N. Wireless rotating bipolar electrochemiluminescence for enzymatic detection. Analyst 2024; 149:2756-2761. [PMID: 38563766 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
New dynamic, wireless and cost-effective analytical devices are developing rapidly in biochemical analysis. Here, we report on a remotely-controlled rotating electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing system for enzymatic detection of a model analyte, glucose, on both polarized sides of an iron wire acting as a bipolar electrode. The iron wire is controlled by double contactless mode, involving remote electric field polarization, and magnetic field-induced rotational motion. The former triggers the interfacial polarization of both extremities of the wire by bipolar electrochemistry, which generates ECL emission of the luminol derivative (L-012) with the enzymatically produced hydrogen peroxide in presence of glucose, at both anodic and cathodic poles, simultaneously. The latter generates a convective flow, leading to an increase in mass transfer and amplifying the corresponding ECL signals. Quantitative glucose detection in human serum samples is achieved. The ECL signals were found to be a linear function of the glucose concentration within the range of 10-1000 μM and with a limit of detection of 10 μM. The dynamic bipolar ECL system simultaneously generates light emissions at both anodic and cathodic poles for glucose detection, which can be further applied to biosensing and imaging in autonomous devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Minghui Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dalibor Stanković
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, 33607 Pessac, France.
| | - Feifei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, 33607 Pessac, France.
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5
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Grecchi S, Malacarne F, Cirilli R, Dell'Edera M, Ghirardi S, Benincori T, Arnaboldi S. Wireless Hollow Miniaturized Objects for Electroassisted Chiral Resolution. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4901-4908. [PMID: 38493347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Chiral resolution plays a crucial role in the field of drug development, especially for a better understanding of biochemical processes. In such a context, classic separation methods have been used for decades due to their versatility and easy scale-up. Among the many attempts proposed for enantioselective separation, electroassisted methods are presented as an interesting alternative. Herein, we present the use of wirelessly activated hollow tubular systems for the effective, simple, and tunable separation of racemic and enantioenriched mixtures. These double-layered tubular objects consist of an external polypyrrole chassis, a polymer with good electromechanical properties, functionalized in its inner part with an inherently chiral oligomer. The synergy between the electromechanical pumping process of the outer layer and the enantioselective affinity of the inner part induces the system to behave as a miniaturized chiral column. These hybrid objects are able to separate racemic and enantioenriched solutions of chiral model analytes into the corresponding enantiomers in high enantiomeric purity. Finally, these electromechanical systems can resolve mixtures formed by chiral probes with completely uncorrelated molecular structures injected simultaneously into the single antipodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grecchi
- Dip. di Chimica, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo Malacarne
- Dip. di Chimica, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Centro Nazionale per il Controllo e la Valutazione dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Dell'Edera
- Dip. di Chimica, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Ghirardi
- Dip. di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Univ. degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Tiziana Benincori
- Dip. di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Univ. degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Serena Arnaboldi
- Dip. di Chimica, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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6
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Tieriekhov K, Sojic N, Bouffier L, Salinas G, Kuhn A. Wireless Magnetoelectrochemical Induction of Rotational Motion. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306635. [PMID: 38126582 PMCID: PMC10916613 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetically induced rotation is a key process of many technological systems that are used in daily life, especially for energy conversion. In this context, the Lorentz force-induced deviation of charges is a crucial physical phenomenon to generate rotation. Herein, they combine the latter with the concept of bipolar electrochemistry to design a wireless magnetoelectrochemical rotor. Such a device can be considered as a wet analog of a conventional electric motor. The main driving force that propels this actuator is the result of the synergy between the charge-compensating ion flux along a bipolar electrode and an external magnetic field applied orthogonally to the surface of the object. The trajectory of the wirelessly polarized rotor can be controlled by the orientation of the magnetic field relative to the direction of the global electric field, producing a predictable clockwise or anticlockwise motion. Fine-tuning of the applied electric field allows for addressing conducting objects having variable characteristic lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of BordeauxCNRSBordeaux INPISM, UMR 5255Talence33400France
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- University of BordeauxCNRSBordeaux INPISM, UMR 5255Talence33400France
| | - Gerardo Salinas
- University of BordeauxCNRSBordeaux INPISM, UMR 5255Talence33400France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- University of BordeauxCNRSBordeaux INPISM, UMR 5255Talence33400France
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7
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Damirchi Z, Firoozbakhtian A, Hosseini M, Ganjali MR. Ti 3C 2/Ni/Sm-based electrochemical glucose sensor for sweat analysis using bipolar electrochemistry. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:137. [PMID: 38358570 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
An innovative electrochemical sensor is introduced that utilizes bipolar electrochemistry on a paper substrate for detecting glucose in sweat. The sensor employs a three-dimensional porous nanocomposite (MXene/NiSm-LDH) formed by decorating nickel-samarium nanoparticles with double-layer MXene hydroxide. These specially designed electrodes exhibit exceptional electrocatalytic activity during glucose oxidation. The glucose sensing mechanism involves enzyme-free oxidation of the analyte within the sensor cell, achieved by applying an appropriate potential. This leads to the reduction of K3Fe(CN)6 in the reporter cell, and the resulting current serves as the response signal. By optimizing various parameters, the measurement platform enables the accurate determination of sweat glucose concentrations within a linear range of 10 to 200 µM. The limit of detection (LOD) for glucose is 3.6 µM (S/N = 3), indicating a sensitive and reliable detection capability. Real samples were analysed to validate the sensor's efficiency, and the results obtained were both promising and encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Damirchi
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439817435, Iran
| | - Ali Firoozbakhtian
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439817435, Iran
| | - Morteza Hosseini
- Nanobiosensors Lab, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439817435, Iran.
- Medical Genetics Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology (IMB), National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1439817435, Iran.
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8
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Digel L, Mierzwa M, Bonné R, Zieger SE, Pavel IA, Ferapontova E, Koren K, Boesen T, Harnisch F, Marshall IPG, Nielsen LP, Kuhn A. Cable Bacteria Skeletons as Catalytically Active Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312647. [PMID: 38018379 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Cable bacteria are multicellular, filamentous bacteria that use internal conductive fibers to transfer electrons over centimeter distances from donors within anoxic sediment layers to oxygen at the surface. We extracted the fibers and used them as free-standing bio-based electrodes to investigate their electrocatalytic behavior. The fibers catalyzed the reversible interconversion of oxygen and water, and an electric current was running through the fibers even when the potential difference was generated solely by a gradient of oxygen concentration. Oxygen reduction as well as oxygen evolution were confirmed by optical measurements. Within living cable bacteria, oxygen reduction by direct electrocatalysis on the fibers and not by membrane-bound proteins readily explains exceptionally high cell-specific oxygen consumption rates observed in the oxic zone, while electrocatalytic water oxidation may provide oxygen to cells in the anoxic zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Digel
- Center for Electromicrobiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maciej Mierzwa
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Robin Bonné
- Center for Electromicrobiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Silvia E Zieger
- Aarhus University Center for Water Technology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Elena Ferapontova
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Klaus Koren
- Aarhus University Center for Water Technology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Boesen
- Center for Electromicrobiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Falk Harnisch
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZ, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ian P G Marshall
- Center for Electromicrobiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars Peter Nielsen
- Center for Electromicrobiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 33607, Pessac, France
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9
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Chassagne P, Garrigue P, Kuhn A. Bulk Electrosynthesis of Patchy Particles with Highly Controlled Asymmetric Features. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307539. [PMID: 37805916 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric modification of particles with various patches of different composition and size at predefined positions is an important challenge in contemporary surface chemistry, as such particles have numerous potential applications, ranging from materials science and (photo)catalysis to self-assembly and drug delivery. However, approaches allowing the synthesis of this kind of complex objects in the bulk of a solution in a straightforward way are currently lacking. In this context, bipolar electrochemistry (BE) is a powerful technique for the asymmetric modification of conducting objects. Herein, this approach is used for the highly controlled modification of particles with different metal patches, generated at specific locations of isotropic objects. The synthesis is carried out in the bulk of the solution and leads to predefined patterns of increasing complexity, including even a specific chiral arrangement of the patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Chassagne
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 16 av. Pey Berland, Pessac, 33600, France
| | - Patrick Garrigue
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 16 av. Pey Berland, Pessac, 33600, France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, 16 av. Pey Berland, Pessac, 33600, France
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10
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Laborda E, López-Asanza J, Molina A. Theoretical Framework and Guidelines for the Cyclic Voltammetry of Closed Bipolar Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:17311-17317. [PMID: 37956247 PMCID: PMC10688229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Closed bipolar cells (cBPCs) can offer valuable platforms for the development of electrochemical sensors. On the other hand, such systems are more intricate to model and interpret than conventional systems with a single polarizable interface, with the applied potential "splitting" into two polarized interfaces where two coupled charge transfers take place concomitantly. As a result, the voltammetry of cBPCs shows peculiarities that can be misleading if analyzed under the framework of classic electrochemical cells. In this work, rigorous mathematical solutions are deduced for the cyclic voltammetry (CV) of cBPCs, including the current-potential response, the interfacial potentials, and the interfacial redox concentrations. With such theoretical tools, a comprehensive view of the behavior of cBPCs can be gained, and adequate diagnosis criteria are established on the basis of the shape, magnitude, and position of the CV signal as a function of the scan rate and of the experimental conditions in the anodic and cathodic compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Laborda
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International
Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Javier López-Asanza
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International
Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Angela Molina
- Departamento de Química
Física, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International
Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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11
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Qin X, Gao J, Jin HJ, Li ZQ, Xia XH. Closed Bipolar Electrode Array for Optical Reporting Reaction-Coupled Electrochemical Sensing and Imaging. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202687. [PMID: 36316589 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review centers on a closed bipolar electrode (BPE) array using an electro-fluorochromism (EFC) or electro-chemiluminescence (ECL) reaction as the reporting reaction. Electrochemical signals at one pole of the closed BPE array can be transduced into the EFC or ECL signals at the opposite pole. Therefore, the current signal of a redox reaction can be easily detected and imaged by monitoring the luminescence signal. Recent developments in closed BPE array-based EFC and ECL sensing and imaging are summarized and discussed in detail. Finally, we consider the challenges and opportunities for improving the spatial resolution of closed BPE array-based electrochemical imaging, and emphasize the important application of this technique to the imaging of cellular activities at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Jiang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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12
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Wang YL, Zhao LZ, Chen C, Ren SW, Cao JT, Liu YM. A bipolar-electrochemiluminescence split-type immunoassay based on a cathodic amplification strategy. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Fattah ZA. Efficient Removal of Mercury from Polluted Aqueous Solutions Using the Wireless Bipolar Electrochemistry Technique. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200231. [PMID: 36541655 PMCID: PMC9769084 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mercury represents one of the major toxic pollutants in water that affect human and ecosystem. Extensive efforts have been globally invested to remove mercury using various chemical and electrochemical approaches. In this study, I propose the use of bipolar electrochemistry for the first time for mercury depollution process. Mercury(II) is removed from aqueous solutions by direct electrodeposition on millimeter scale graphite rods held in a bipolar setup. By adjusting the strength of the applied electric field and the number of the graphite rods the efficiency of the system can be controlled. This wireless technique allows the use of multiple graphite rod arrays within the bulk cell which resulted in high removal efficiency (98 %) of Hg2+ ions from the polluted solution. The method is straightforward, green, and efficient. The concept can be adapted to remove other heavy metal ions or electrochemically active contaminants from polluted water as long as their reduction potentials are within the water stability window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ali Fattah
- Chemistry DepartmentDuhok UniversityZakho Street 381006AJ Duhok Kurdistan RegionIraq
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14
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Wang Y, Cao J, Liu Y. Bipolar Electrochemistry - A Powerful Tool for Micro/Nano-Electrochemistry. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200163. [PMID: 36229230 PMCID: PMC9716041 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of areas for "classical" electrochemistry (including catalysis, electrolysis and sensing) and bio-electrochemistry at the micro/nanoscale are focus on the continued performance facilitations or the exploration of new features. In the recent 20 years, a different mode for driving electrochemistry has been proposed, which is called as bipolar electrochemistry (BPE). BPE has garnered attention owing to the interesting properties: (i) its wireless nature facilitates electrochemical sensing and high throughput analysis; (ii) the gradient potential distribution on the electrodes surface is a useful tool for preparing gradient surfaces and materials. These permit BPE to be used for modification and analytical applications on a micro/nanoscale surface. This review aims to introduce the principle and classification of BPE and BPE at micro/nanoscale; sort out its applications in electrocatalysis, electrosynthesis, electrophoresis, power supply and so on; explain the confined BPE and summarize its analytical application for single entities (single cells, single particles and single molecules), and discuss finally the important direction of micro/nanoscale BPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ling Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXinyang key laboratory of functional nanomaterials for bioanalysisXinyang Normal University464000XinyangP. R. China
| | - Jun‐Tao Cao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXinyang key laboratory of functional nanomaterials for bioanalysisXinyang Normal University464000XinyangP. R. China
| | - Yan‐Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXinyang key laboratory of functional nanomaterials for bioanalysisXinyang Normal University464000XinyangP. R. China
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15
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Salinas G, Beladi-Mousavi SM, Gerasimova L, Bouffier L, Kuhn A. Wireless Imaging of Transient Redox Activity Based on Bipolar Light-Emitting Electrode Arrays. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14317-14321. [PMID: 36190826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar electrochemistry (BE) is a wireless electrochemical technique, which enables asymmetric electroactivity on the surface of conducting objects. This technique has been extensively studied for different electrochemical applications, including synthesis, separation, sensing, and surface modification. Here, we employ BE for imaging the transient electrochemical activity of different redox species with high accuracy via an array of light-emitting diodes having different lengths. Such a gradient allows the differentiation of redox systems due to their intrinsic difference in thermodynamic potential and the evaluation of their diffusional behavior based on the intensity of light emission. The result is an instantaneous optical readout of analytical information, equivalent to classic electrochemical scanning techniques, such as linear sweep voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Salinas
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | | | - Liubov Gerasimova
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
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16
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Salinas G, Niamlaem M, Kuhn A, Arnaboldi S. Recent Advances in Electrochemical Transduction of Chiral Information. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Zhao Y, Descamps J, Le Corre B, Léger Y, Kuhn A, Sojic N, Loget G. Wireless Anti-Stokes Photoinduced Electrochemiluminescence at Closed Semiconducting Bipolar Electrodes. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5538-5544. [PMID: 35695813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wireless electrochemical systems constitute a rapidly developing field. Herein, photoinduced electrochemiluminescence (PECL) is studied at Si-based closed bipolar electrodes (BPEs) for designing anti-Stokes systems that can convert IR into visible photons, without direct electrical contact. We show that protection of the anodic emitting pole of the BPE allows the triggering of bright and longstanding emission under the synergetic actions of an external bias and IR illumination. Photoactive n- and p-type Si BPEs are studied with front-side and back-side illumination, respectively, and nonphotoactive n+-Si BPEs are studied in the dark. Two electrochemiluminescent (ECL) systems ([Ru(bpy)3]2+/TPrA and L-012) are tested, and we show that the onset bias and the anti-Stokes shift can be controlled by the ECL system that is employed. These advances, rationalized by simulations, will be useful for the design of original PECL systems for chemical sensing or photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhao
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, Univ Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Julie Descamps
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Brieg Le Corre
- INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR 6082, Univ Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Yoan Léger
- INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON-UMR 6082, Univ Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR CNRS 5255, University of Bordeaux, Pessac 33607, France
| | - Gabriel Loget
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, Univ Rennes, Rennes F-35000, France
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18
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Salinas G, Bonetti G, Cirilli R, Benincori T, Kuhn A, Arnaboldi S. Wireless light-emitting device for the determination of chirality in real samples. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Ketkaew M, Assavapanumat S, Klinyod S, Kuhn A, Wattanakit C. Bifunctional Pt/Au Janus electrocatalysts for simultaneous oxidation/reduction of furfural with bipolar electrochemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4312-4315. [PMID: 35266932 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sustainable conversion of biomass-derived compounds into high added-value products is a very important contemporary scientific challenge. In this context, we report here the simultaneous electro-oxidation/-reduction of a biomass-derived compound in a one-pot approach using bipolar electrochemistry. Bifunctional Pt/Au Janus electrocatalysts are employed for a selective conversion of furfural into both, furfuryl alcohol and furoic acid, which can't be achieved when using non-Janus particles. The results emphasize the benefits of bipolar electrochemistry in the frame of electrosynthesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Ketkaew
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand. .,Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 33607, Pessac, France.
| | - Sunpet Assavapanumat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand.
| | - Sorasak Klinyod
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand.
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand. .,Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 33607, Pessac, France.
| | - Chularat Wattanakit
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong, 21210, Thailand.
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20
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Dong J, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Feng J. Operando Imaging of Chemical Activity on Gold Plates with Single-Molecule Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200187. [PMID: 35084097 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Classical electrochemical characterization tools cannot avoid averaging between the active reaction sites and their support, thus obscuring their intrinsic roles. Single-molecule electrochemical techniques are thus in high demand. Here, we demonstrate super-resolution imaging of Ru(bpy)3 2+ based reactions on Au plates using single-molecule electrochemiluminescence microscopy. By converting electrochemical signals into optical signals, we manage to achieve the ultimate sensitivity of single-entity chemistry, that is directly resolving the single photons from individual electrochemical reactions. High spatial resolution, up to 37 nm, further enables mapping Au chemical activity and the reaction kinetics. The spatiotemporally resolved dynamic structure-activity relationship on Au plates shows that the restructuring of catalysts plays an important role in determining the reactivity. Our approach may lead to gaining new insights towards evaluating and designing electrocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrun Dong
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xu
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ziqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Feng
- Laboratory of Experimental Physical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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21
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Dong J, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Feng J. Operando Imaging of Chemical Activity on Gold Plates with Single‐Molecule Electrochemiluminescence Microscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinrun Dong
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yang Xu
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ziqing Zhang
- Zhejiang University Department of Chemistry CHINA
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22
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Zhang C, Zhang H, Pi J, Zhang L, Kuhn A. Elektrokatalytische NADH‐Cofaktor‐Regenerierung in der Bulkphase mit bipolarer Elektrochemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Huiting Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Junying Pi
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng China
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials Henan University Kaifeng China
- University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, ENSCBP Pessac Frankreich
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23
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Salinas G, Arnaboldi S, Bouffier L, Kuhn A. Recent Advances in Bipolar Electrochemistry with Conducting Polymers. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Salinas
- Univ. Bordeaux ISM UMR 5255 CNRS, Bordeaux INP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Serena Arnaboldi
- Dip. Di Chimica Univ. degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- Univ. Bordeaux ISM UMR 5255 CNRS, Bordeaux INP 33607 Pessac France
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux ISM UMR 5255 CNRS, Bordeaux INP 33607 Pessac France
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24
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Rebeccani S, Zanut A, Santo CI, Valenti G, Paolucci F. A Guide Inside Electrochemiluminescent Microscopy Mechanisms for Analytical Performance Improvement. Anal Chem 2021; 94:336-348. [PMID: 34908412 PMCID: PMC8756390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rebeccani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zanut
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Claudio Ignazio Santo
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Giovanni Valenti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolucci
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna 40127, Italy
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25
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Feng M, Dauphin AL, Bouffier L, Zhang F, Wang Z, Sojic N. Enhanced Cathodic Electrochemiluminescence of Luminol on Iron Electrodes. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16425-16431. [PMID: 34843226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behavior of luminol derivative was investigated in reduction on different electrode materials. We found that luminol and its widely used L-012 derivative, emitting at physiological pH values, exhibit strong cathodic ECL emission on iron and stainless steel electrodes with hydrogen peroxide, whereas no ECL signal was observed with other classic electrode materials (Au, Pt, and C). On a Ni electrode, a low cathodic ECL signal was observed. This points out to the essential role of iron-containing materials to enhance the cathodic ECL emission. Under the reported conditions, the cathodic ECL signal of L-012 is comparable to the classically used anodic ECL emission. Thus, dual bright ECL emissions with L-012 were obtained simultaneously in oxidation and in reduction on iron materials as imaged in a wireless bipolar electrochemistry configuration. Such an ECL system generating light emission concomitantly in oxidation and in reduction is extremely rare and it opens appealing (bio)analytical and imaging applications, in biosensing, remote detection, bipolar ECL analysis, and ECL-based cell microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Alice L Dauphin
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France
| | - Feifei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Sino-Japanese Center for Collaborative Research of Carbon Nanomaterials, Instrumental Analysis Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, UMR 5255, Site ENSCBP, 33607 Pessac, France.,Department of Chemistry, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation
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26
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Robinson A, Jain A, Rahman R, Abayzeed S, Hague RJM, Rawson FJ. Impedimetric Characterization of Bipolar Nanoelectrodes with Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29495-29505. [PMID: 34778621 PMCID: PMC8581971 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Merging of electronics with biology, defined as bioelectronics, at the nanoscale holds considerable promise for sensing and modulating cellular behavior. Advancing our understanding of nanobioelectronics will facilitate development and enable applications in biosensing, tissue engineering, and bioelectronic medicine. However, studies investigating the electrical effects when merging wireless conductive nanoelectrodes with biology are lacking. Consequently, a tool is required to develop a greater understanding of merging conductive nanoparticles with cells. Herein, this challenge is addressed by developing an impedimetric method to evaluate bipolar electrode (BPE) systems that could report on electrical input. A theoretical framework is provided, using impedance to determine if conductive nanoparticles can be polarized and used to drive current. It is then demonstrated that 125 nm of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) bipolar electrodes (BPEs) could be sensed in the presence of cells when incorporated intracellularly at 500 μg/mL using water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as electrolytes. These results highlight how nanoscale BPEs act within biological systems. This research will impact the rational design of using BPE systems in cells for both sensing and actuating applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andie
J. Robinson
- Regenerative
Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Biodiscovery Institute, School of
Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Akhil Jain
- Regenerative
Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Biodiscovery Institute, School of
Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Ruman Rahman
- Children’s
Brain Tumour Research Centre (CBTRC), Biodiscovery Institute, School
of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Sidahmed Abayzeed
- Optics
and Photonics Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Richard J. M. Hague
- Centre
for Additive Manufacturing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG8 1BB, U.K.
| | - Frankie J. Rawson
- Regenerative
Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Biodiscovery Institute, School of
Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
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27
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Zhang C, Zhang H, Pi J, Zhang L, Kuhn A. Bulk Electrocatalytic NADH Cofactor Regeneration with Bipolar Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202111804. [PMID: 34705321 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical regeneration of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is an extremely important challenge for the electroenzymatic synthesis of many valuable chemicals. Although some important progress has been made with modified electrodes concerning the reduction of NAD+ , the scale-up is difficult due to mass transport limitations inherent to large-size electrodes. Here, we propose instead to employ a dispersion of electrocatalytically active modified microparticles in the bulk of a bipolar electrochemical cell. In this way, redox reactions occur simultaneously on all of these individual microelectrodes without the need of a direct electrical connection. The concept is validated by using [Rh(Cp*)(bpy)Cl]+ functionalized surfaces, either of carbon felt as a reference material, or carbon microbeads acting as bipolar objects. In the latter case, enzymatically active 1,4-NADH is electroregenerated at the negatively polarized face of the particles. The efficiency of the system can be fine-tuned by controlling the electric field in the reaction compartment and the number of dispersed microelectrodes. This wireless bioelectrocatalytic approach opens up very interesting perspectives for electroenzymatic synthesis in the bulk phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huiting Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junying Pi
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR, 5255, ENSCBP, Pessac, France
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28
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Salinas G, Arnaboldi S, Bonetti G, Cirilli R, Benincori T, Kuhn A. Hybrid light-emitting devices for the straightforward readout of chiral information. Chirality 2021; 33:875-882. [PMID: 34617330 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar electrochemistry has gained increasing attention in recent years as an attractive transduction concept in analytical chemistry in general and, more specifically, in the frame of chiral recognition. Herein, we use this concept of wireless electrochemistry, based on the combination of the enantioselective oxidation of a chiral probe with the emission of light from a light-emitting diode (LED), as an alternative for an easy and straightforward readout of the presence of chiral molecules in solution. A hybrid polymer-microelectronic device was designed, using an inherently chiral oligomer, that is, oligo-(3,3'-dibenzothiophene) and a polypyrrole strip as the anode and cathode of a miniaturized LED. The wireless induced redox reactions trigger light emission when the probe with the right chirality is present in solution, whereas no light emission is observed for the opposite enantiomer. The average light intensity shows a linear correlation with the analyte concentration, and the concept opens the possibility to quantify the enantiomeric excess in mixtures of the molecular antipodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Salinas
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
| | - Serena Arnaboldi
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France.,Dip. Di Chimica, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bonetti
- Dip. di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Univ. degli Studi dell'Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale per il Controllo e la Valutazione dei Farmaci, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Benincori
- Dip. di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Univ. degli Studi dell'Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Alexander Kuhn
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM CNRS UMR 5255, Bordeaux INP, Pessac, France
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