1
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Huynh K, Feilberg KL, Sundberg J. Selective Profiling of Carboxylic Acid in Crude Oil by Halogen Labeling Combined with Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:1680-1691. [PMID: 38984631 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are a small but essential compound class within petroleum chemistry, influencing crude oil behaviors in production and processing and causing environmental impacts. Detailed structural information is fundamental to understanding their influence on petroleum characteristics. However, characterizing acids in crude oil remains challenging due to matrix effects, structural diversity, and low abundance. In this work, we present a new methodology for profiling carboxylic acids by liquid-liquid extraction and selective derivatization using 4-bromo-N-methylbenzylamine (4-BNMA) followed by liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-Orbitrap MS). The fragmentation of 4-BNMA derivatives produces a unique product ion pair, m/z 169/171, enabling the identification of chromatographic fractions containing carboxylic acids. The mass spectra of the corresponding fractions are extracted, and the acids are further computationally isolated based on the isotopic pattern. The method was optimized and validated using acid standards and systematic experimental designs, assuring robustness and sensitivity for nontarget screening purposes. This method detected up to 380 carboxylic acids in six Danish North Sea crude oils, with up to two carboxyl and other heteroatom functionalities (NSO). The results indicated that the most populated species are fatty acids (double bond equivalent (DBE) = 1) and small aromatic acids (DBE = 2-6). The predominance and diversities of compound classes in different samples are consistent with their corresponding bulk properties. Polyfunctional acids (Ox, NxOx, and SxOx) were observed due to exposure to oxidation and biodegradation. Also, the approach's applicability benefits high-resolution MS analysis by simplifying data processing for crude oil and potentially other high-organic and aqueous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Huynh
- DTU Offshore, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Jonas Sundberg
- DTU Engineering Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2750 Ballerup Denmark
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2
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Wootton CA, Maillard J, Theisen A, Brabeck GF, Schat CL, Rüger CP, Afonso C, Giusti P. A Gated TIMS FTICR MS Instrument to Decipher Isomeric Content of Complex Organic Mixtures. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11343-11352. [PMID: 38973712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Modern research faces increasingly complex materials with a constant need for new analytical strategies that can provide deeper levels of chemical insight. Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (MS), particularly Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) MS, has provided a robust analytical foundation. However, MS alone offers limited structural information. Here, we present the first implementation and results from an FTICR MS with fully integrated dual accumulation analysis with gated trapped ion mobility spectrometry (gTIMS) capability. The drastically extended charge capacity and parallel accumulation facilitate the analysis of complex mixtures. We achieved a high dynamic range of 4 orders of magnitude within a single FTICR acquisition event. Simultaneously, the valuable linear relationship between the TIMS elution voltage and reduced mobility was retained over a wide mobility range. Benchmarking the instrument performance with Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) by variable ramp gTIMS analysis allowed separation and unambiguous assignment of different charge state distributions. Application to bio-oils has proven the capability to distinguish the isomeric diversity in these ultracomplex samples, while maintaining the expected FTICR MS resolving power and mass accuracy. Valuable information about the molecular distribution, isomeric diversity, and main molecular differences could directly be extracted within the analysis time of a classical "dilute and shoot" direct infusion experiment. The development of this fully integrated and flexible gTIMS with FTICR MS analysis possesses the potential to significantly change the current landscape of high-resolution mass spectrometric analysis of complex mixtures through the added insight of isomeric complexity afforded by TIMS. The exploration of the added IMS dimension promises transformative effects across diverse fields including energy transition, environmental studies, and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Maillard
- TotalEnergies One Tech, R&D, Downstream Processes & Polymers, TotalEnergies Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Alina Theisen
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH & Co. Kg, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | | | - Christopher P Rüger
- International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- TotalEnergies One Tech, R&D, Downstream Processes & Polymers, TotalEnergies Research & Technology Gonfreville, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- International Joint Laboratory, iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, 76700 Harfleur, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA UMR 6014, INC3M FR 3038, 76000 Rouen, France
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3
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Downham RP, Gannon B, Lozano DCP, Jones HE, Vane CH, Barrow MP. Tracking the history of polycyclic aromatic compounds in London through a River Thames sediment core and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134605. [PMID: 38768537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heteroatom-containing analogues, constitute an important environmental contaminant class. For decades, limited numbers of priority PAHs have been routinely targeted in pollution investigations, however, there is growing awareness for the potential occurrence of thousands of PACs in the environment. In this study, untargeted Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry was used for the molecular characterisation of PACs in a sediment core from Chiswick Ait, in the River Thames, London, UK. Using complex mixture analysis approaches, including aromaticity index calculations, the number of molecular PAC components was determined for eight core depths, extending back to the 1930s. A maximum of 1676 molecular compositions representing PACs was detected at the depth corresponding to the 1950s, and a decline in PAC numbers was observed up the core. A case linking the PACs to London's coal consumption history is presented, alongside other possible sources, with some data features indicating pyrogenic origins. The overall core profile trend in PAC components, including compounds with oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and chlorine atoms, is shown to broadly correspond to the 16 priority PAH concentration profile trend previously determined for this core. These findings have implications for other industry-impacted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory P Downham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Benedict Gannon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Hugh E Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christopher H Vane
- British Geological Survey, Organic Geochemistry Facility, Keyworth NG12 5GG, UK
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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4
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Leshuk TC, Young ZW, Wilson B, Chen ZQ, Smith DA, Lazaris G, Gopanchuk M, McLay S, Seelemann CA, Paradis T, Bekele A, Guest R, Massara H, White T, Zubot W, Letinski DJ, Redman AD, Allen DG, Gu F. A Light Touch: Solar Photocatalysis Detoxifies Oil Sands Process-Affected Waters Prior to Significant Treatment of Naphthenic Acids. ACS ES&T WATER 2024; 4:1483-1497. [PMID: 38633367 PMCID: PMC11019557 DOI: 10.1021/acsestwater.3c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Environmental reclamation of Canada's oil sands tailings ponds is among the single largest water treatment challenges globally. The toxicity of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) has been associated with its dissolved organics, a complex mixture of naphthenic acid fraction components (NAFCs). Here, we evaluated solar treatment with buoyant photocatalysts (BPCs) as a passive advanced oxidation process (P-AOP) for OSPW remediation. Photocatalysis fully degraded naphthenic acids (NAs) and acid extractable organics (AEO) in 3 different OSPW samples. However, classical NAs and AEO, traditionally considered among the principal toxicants in OSPW, were not correlated with OSPW toxicity herein. Instead, nontarget petroleomic analysis revealed that low-polarity organosulfur compounds, composing <10% of the total AEO, apparently accounted for the majority of waters' toxicity to fish, as described by a model of tissue partitioning. These findings have implications for OSPW release, for which a less extensive but more selective treatment may be required than previously expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy
M. C. Leshuk
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Zachary W. Young
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Brad Wilson
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Stantec, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 0A4
| | - Zi Qi Chen
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Danielle A. Smith
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- P&P
Optica, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2 V 2C3
| | - Greg Lazaris
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Department
of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill
University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0C5
| | - Mary Gopanchuk
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Sean McLay
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Corin A. Seelemann
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Composite Biomaterials Systems Lab, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Theo Paradis
- Canadian
Natural Resources Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 4J8
| | - Asfaw Bekele
- Imperial
Oil Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2C 5N1
- ExxonMobil
Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Rodney Guest
- Suncor Energy Inc., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 3E3
| | - Hafez Massara
- Suncor Energy Inc., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 3E3
- Trans-Northern Pipelines Inc., Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada L4B 3P6
| | - Todd White
- Teck Resources Ltd., Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6C 0B3
| | - Warren Zubot
- Syncrude Canada Ltd., Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada T9H 0B6
| | - Daniel J. Letinski
- ExxonMobil
Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - Aaron D. Redman
- ExxonMobil
Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, New Jersey 08801, United States
| | - D. Grant Allen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
| | - Frank Gu
- H2nanO
Inc., Kitchener, Ontario, Canada N2R 1E8
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
- Waterloo
Institute for Nanotechnology, University
of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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5
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Cordova AC, Dodds JN, Tsai HHD, Lloyd DT, Roman-Hubers AT, Wright FA, Chiu WA, McDonald TJ, Zhu R, Newman G, Rusyn I. Application of Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry for Compositional Characterization and Fingerprinting of a Library of Diverse Crude Oil Samples. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2336-2349. [PMID: 37530422 PMCID: PMC10592202 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure characterization of crude oils, especially in time-sensitive circumstances such as spills and disasters, is a well-known analytical chemistry challenge. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is commonly used for "fingerprinting" and origin tracing in oil spills; however, this method is both time-consuming and lacks the resolving power to separate co-eluting compounds. Recent advances in methodologies to analyze petroleum substances using high-resolution analytical techniques have demonstrated both improved resolving power and higher throughput. One such method, ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS), is especially promising because it is both rapid and high-throughput, with the ability to discern among highly homologous hydrocarbon molecules. Previous applications of IMS-MS to crude oil analyses included a limited number of samples and did not provide detailed characterization of chemical constituents. We analyzed a diverse library of 195 crude oil samples using IMS-MS and applied a computational workflow to assign molecular formulas to individual features. The oils were from 12 groups based on geographical and geological origins: non-US (1 group), US onshore (3), and US Gulf of Mexico offshore (8). We hypothesized that information acquired through IMS-MS data would provide a more confident grouping and yield additional fingerprint information. Chemical composition data from IMS-MS was used for unsupervised hierarchical clustering, as well as machine learning-based supervised analysis to predict geographic and source rock categories for each sample; the latter also yielded several novel prospective biomarkers for fingerprinting of crude oils. We found that IMS-MS data have complementary advantages for fingerprinting and characterization of diverse crude oils and that proposed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biomarkers can be used for rapid exposure characterization. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2336-2349. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Cordova
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - James N. Dodds
- Department of Chemistry, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
| | - Han-Hsuan D. Tsai
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Dillon T. Lloyd
- Departments of Statistics, Biological Sciences, and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Alina T. Roman-Hubers
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Fred A. Wright
- Departments of Statistics, Biological Sciences, and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Thomas J. McDonald
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Rui Zhu
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843, United States
| | - Galen Newman
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station TX 77843, United States
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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6
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Liu FC, Ridgeway ME, Wootton CA, Theisen A, Panczyk EM, Meier F, Park MA, Bleiholder C. Top-Down Protein Analysis by Tandem-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry (Tandem-TIMS/MS) Coupled with Ultraviolet Photodissociation (UVPD) and Parallel Accumulation/Serial Fragmentation (PASEF) MS/MS Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2232-2246. [PMID: 37638640 PMCID: PMC11162218 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
"Top-down" proteomics analyzes intact proteins and identifies proteoforms by their intact mass as well as the observed fragmentation pattern in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments. Recently, hybrid ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IM/MS) methods have gained traction for top-down experiments, either by allowing top-down analysis of individual isomers or alternatively by improving signal/noise and dynamic range for fragment ion assignment. We recently described the construction of a tandem-trapped ion mobility spectrometer/mass spectrometer (tandem-TIMS/MS) coupled with an ultraviolet (UV) laser and demonstrated a proof-of-principle for top-down analysis by UV photodissociation (UVPD) at 2-3 mbar. The present work builds on this with an exploration of a top-down method that couples tandem-TIMS/MS with UVPD and parallel-accumulation serial fragmentation (PASEF) MS/MS analysis. We first survey types and structures of UVPD-specific fragment ions generated in the 2-3 mbar pressure regime of our instrument. Notably, we observe UVPD-induced fragment ions with multiple conformations that differ from those produced in the absence of UV irradiation. Subsequently, we discuss how MS/MS spectra of top-down fragment ions lend themselves ideally for probability-based scoring methods developed in the bottom-up proteomics field and how the ability to record automated PASEF-MS/MS spectra resolves ambiguities in the assignment of top-down fragment ions. Finally, we describe the coupling of tandem-TIMS/MS workflows with UVPD and PASEF-MS/MS analysis for native top-down protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny C. Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Florian Meier
- Functional Proteomics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Christian Bleiholder
- Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
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7
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Cordova AC, Klaren WD, Ford LC, Grimm FA, Baker ES, Zhou YH, Wright FA, Rusyn I. Integrative Chemical-Biological Grouping of Complex High Production Volume Substances from Lower Olefin Manufacturing Streams. TOXICS 2023; 11:586. [PMID: 37505552 PMCID: PMC10385386 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Human cell-based test methods can be used to evaluate potential hazards of mixtures and products of petroleum refining ("unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials" substances, UVCBs). Analyses of bioactivity and detailed chemical characterization of petroleum UVCBs were used separately for grouping these substances; a combination of the approaches has not been undertaken. Therefore, we used a case example of representative high production volume categories of petroleum UVCBs, 25 lower olefin substances from low benzene naphtha and resin oils categories, to determine whether existing manufacturing-based category grouping can be supported. We collected two types of data: nontarget ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry of both neat substances and their organic extracts and in vitro bioactivity of the organic extracts in five human cell types: umbilical vein endothelial cells and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes, endothelial cells, neurons, and cardiomyocytes. We found that while similarity in composition and bioactivity can be observed for some substances, existing categories are largely heterogeneous. Strong relationships between composition and bioactivity were observed, and individual constituents that determine these associations were identified. Overall, this study showed a promising approach that combines chemical composition and bioactivity data to better characterize the variability within manufacturing categories of petroleum UVCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Cordova
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - William D Klaren
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lucie C Ford
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Fabian A Grimm
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yi-Hui Zhou
- Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Fred A Wright
- Departments of Statistics and Biological Sciences and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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8
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Palacio Lozano DC, Jones HE, Barrow MP, Wills M. Chemoselective derivatisation and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of hydroxyl functional groups within complex bio-oils. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17727-17741. [PMID: 37312997 PMCID: PMC10259504 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02779a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bio-oils are a renewable alternative resource for the production of fine chemicals and fuels. Bio-oils are characterised by a high content of oxygenated compounds with a diverse array of different chemical functionalities. Here, we performed a chemical reaction to transform the hydroxyl group of the various components in a bio-oil prior to characterisation with ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS). The derivatisations were first evaluated using twenty lignin-representative standards with different structural features. Our results indicate a highly chemoselective transformation of the hydroxyl group despite the presence of other functional groups. Mono- and di-acetate products were observed in acetone-acetic anhydride (acetone-Ac2O) mixtures for non-sterically hindered phenols, catechols and benzene diols. Dimethyl sulfoxide-Ac2O (DMSO-Ac2O) reactions favoured the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols and the formation of methylthiomethyl (MTM) products of phenols. The derivatisations were then performed in a complex bio-oil sample to gain insights into the hydroxyl group profile of the bio-oil. Our results indicate that the bio-oil before derivatisation is composed of 4500 elemental compositions containing 1-12 oxygen atoms. After the derivatisation in DMSO-Ac2O mixtures, the total number of compositions increased approximately five-fold. The reaction was indicative of the variety of hydroxyl group profiles within the sample in particular the presence of phenols that were ortho and para substituted, non-hindered phenols (about 34%), aromatic alcohols (including benzylic and other non-phenolic alcohols) (25%), and aliphatic alcohols (6.3%) could be inferred. Phenolic compositions are known as coke precursors in catalytic pyrolysis and upgrading processes. Thus, the combination of chemoselective derivatisations in conjunction with UHRMS can be a valuable resource to outline the hydroxyl group profile in elemental chemical compositions in complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugh E Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Martin Wills
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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9
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Roman-Hubers AT, Cordova AC, Barrow MP, Rusyn I. Analytical chemistry solutions to hazard evaluation of petroleum refining products. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 137:105310. [PMID: 36473579 PMCID: PMC9771979 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Products of petroleum refining are substances that are both complex and variable. These substances are produced and distributed in high volumes; therefore, they are heavily scrutinized in terms of their potential hazards and risks. Because of inherent compositional complexity and variability, unique challenges exist in terms of their registration and evaluation. Continued dialogue between the industry and the decision-makers has revolved around the most appropriate approach to fill data gaps and ensure safe use of these substances. One of the challenging topics has been the extent of chemical compositional characterization of products of petroleum refining that may be necessary for substance identification and hazard evaluation. There are several novel analytical methods that can be used for comprehensive characterization of petroleum substances and identification of most abundant constituents. However, translation of the advances in analytical chemistry to regulatory decision-making has not been as evident. Therefore, the goal of this review is to bridge the divide between the science of chemical characterization of petroleum and the needs and expectations of the decision-makers. Collectively, mutual appreciation of the regulatory guidance and the realities of what information these new methods can deliver should facilitate the path forward in ensuring safety of the products of petroleum refining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina T Roman-Hubers
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra C Cordova
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology and Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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10
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Acter T, Lee S, Uddin N, Mow KM, Kim S. Characterization of petroleum‐related natural organic matter by ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectrometry. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thamina Acter
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences East West University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Seulgidaun Lee
- Department of Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health Science Daffodil International University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Kamarum Monira Mow
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering East West University Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
- Green‐Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea
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11
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Next Challenges for the Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Complex Organic Mixtures in the Field of Sustainable Energy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248889. [PMID: 36558021 PMCID: PMC9786309 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass by pyrolysis or hydrothermal liquefaction gives access to a wide variety of molecules that can be used as fuel or as building blocks in the chemical industry. For such purposes, it is necessary to obtain their detailed chemical composition to adapt the conversion process, including the upgrading steps. Petroleomics has emerged as an integral approach to cover a missing link in the investigation bio-oils and linked products. It relies on ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry to attempt to unravel the contribution of many compounds in complex samples by a non-targeted approach. The most recent developments in petroleomics partially alter the discriminating nature of the non-targeted analyses. However, a peak referring to one chemical formula possibly hides a forest of isomeric compounds, which may present a large chemical diversity concerning the nature of the chemical functions. This identification of chemical functions is essential in the context of the upgrading of bio-oils. The latest developments dedicated to this analytical challenge will be reviewed and discussed, particularly by integrating ion source features and incorporating new steps in the analytical workflow. The representativeness of the data obtained by the petroleomic approach is still an important issue.
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12
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Starkova Z, Ilyushenkova V, Polovkov N, Voskressenskaya D, Pikovskoi I, Tebenikhin M, Vtorushina E, Kanateva A, Borisov R, Zaikin V. The Use of Polydialkylsiloxanes/Triflic Acid as Derivatization Agents in the Analysis of Sulfur-Containing Aromatics by "Soft"-Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238600. [PMID: 36500695 PMCID: PMC9739198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic sulfur-containing compounds are widely distributed in oil, especially in its low-volatile and heavy fractions (resins, asphaltenes), and this dictates the need for their determination when reliable methods for sulfur removing, cleaning and processing oil are developed. In these cases, "soft" ionization mass spectrometry methods, based on electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), are particularly effective. However, aromatic sulfur-containing compounds have low polarity and cannot be readily ionized by these methods. To overcome the problem, their preliminary conversion into sulfonium salts by the action of alkyl iodides and a silver-containing agent is widely used. In the process of developing more economical derivatization methods, we found a rather unexpected possibility of implementing S-alkylation of organic sulfides with commercial polydialkylsiloxanes (alkyl = CH3 or C2H5) in the presence of triflic acid (CF3SO3H) as a superacid co-alkylating agent. For homologous dibenzothiophenes as a typical model representative of petroleum sulfur-containing aromatic compounds, ESI and MALDI mass spectra exhibited the signals of corresponding S-alkylsulfonium salts with a high signal-to-noise ratio. A rational mechanism for the described chemical transformation is proposed, including the indispensable activation by triflic acid and the cleavage of the Si-C bond. Specific collision-induced dissociation of corresponding S-alkylated sulfonium cations is considered. The applicability of the derivatization approach to the analysis of petroleum products by high-resolution mass spectrometry is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna Starkova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninskiy Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina Ilyushenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Polovkov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninskiy Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Voskressenskaya
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Pikovskoi
- Core Facility Center ‘Arktika’, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 17 nab.Severnoy Dviny, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Tebenikhin
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ella Vtorushina
- V.I. Shpilman Research and Analytical Center for the Rational Use of the Subsoil, 2 Studencheskaya Str., 628007 Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Kanateva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninskiy Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Borisov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninskiy Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Core Facility Center ‘Arktika’, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 17 nab.Severnoy Dviny, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
- Department of Plastics, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Pl., 125047 Moscow, Russia
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir Zaikin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninskiy Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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13
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Roman-Hubers AT, Aeppli C, Dodds JN, Baker ES, McFarlin KM, Letinski DJ, Zhao L, Mitchell DA, Parkerton TF, Prince RC, Nedwed T, Rusyn I. Temporal chemical composition changes in water below a crude oil slick irradiated with natural sunlight. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114360. [PMID: 36413931 PMCID: PMC9741762 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photooxidation can alter the environmental fate and effects of spilled oil. To better understand this process, oil slicks were generated on seawater mesocosms and exposed to sunlight for 8 days. The molecular composition of seawater under irradiated and non-irradiated oil slicks was characterized using ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry and polyaromatic hydrocarbons analyses. Biomimetic extraction was performed to quantify neutral and ionized constituents. Results show that seawater underneath irradiated oil showed significantly higher amounts of hydrocarbons with oxygen- and sulfur-containing by-products peaking by day 4-6; however, concentrations of dissolved organic carbon were similar. Biomimetic extraction indicated toxic units in irradiated mesocosms increased, mainly due to ionized components, but remained <1, suggesting limited potential for ecotoxicity. Because the experimental design mimicked important aspects of natural conditions (freshly collected seawater, natural sunlight, and relevant oil thickness and concentrations), this study improves our understanding of the effects of photooxidation during a marine oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Aeppli
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, United States of America
| | - James N Dodds
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Erin S Baker
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Kelly M McFarlin
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Clinton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Daniel J Letinski
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Clinton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Lin Zhao
- ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Spring, TX, United States of America
| | | | | | - Roger C Prince
- Stonybrook Apiary, Pittstown, NJ, United States of America
| | - Tim Nedwed
- ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Spring, TX, United States of America
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America.
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14
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Alostad L, Palacio Lozano DC, Gannon B, Downham RP, Jones HE, Barrow MP. Investigating the Influence of n-Heptane versus n-Nonane upon the Extraction of Asphaltenes. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022; 36:8663-8673. [PMID: 36016760 PMCID: PMC9393859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The composition of asphaltenes is of interest due to the challenges they pose for industry and their high complexity, encompassing a range of heteroatom contents, molecular weights, double bond equivalents (DBEs), and structural motifs. They are well-known for aggregating above critical concentrations, hindering the upstream and downstream processes. Asphaltenes are defined by solubility, as they are insoluble in light paraffins such as n-heptane and soluble in aromatic solvents such as toluene. Today, enormous efforts are being invested into the characterization of asphaltenes to shed light into their structural profiles to benefit the petroleum industry and environmental sustainability. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) provides molecular level analysis with unparalleled mass resolving power and mass accuracy, which is vital for the characterization of inherently complex crude oils and their asphaltene fractions. The aim of this research is to elucidate and compare the compositional profiles of asphaltene fractions of two petroleum samples, fractioned through two approaches: using n-heptane, as is typical practice, and n-nonane, for the purpose of testing extraction using higher molecular weight alkanes. The results highlight that the choice of solvents does indeed influence the accessibility of different species and therefore changes the observed molecular profiles of the extracted asphaltenes. n-Heptane afforded broader contributions of different heteroatomic classes and greater carbon number ranges of the observed components; the DBE distribution vs carbon number profiles were different, where the extracts produced using n-nonane displayed a greater prevalence of lower DBE species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa
K. Alostad
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benedict Gannon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Rory P. Downham
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh E. Jones
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Molecular
Analytical Sciences Centre for Doctoral Training, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Barrow
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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15
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Xia Y, Sun X, Xinjie Zhao, Feng D, Wang X, Li Z, Ma C, Zhang H, Zhao C, Lin X, Lu X, Xu G. In-depth characterization of nitrogen heterocycles of petroleum by liquid chromatography-energy-resolved high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2022; 249:123654. [PMID: 35696980 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the increased attention to processing heavy crude oils, a detailed description of chemical composition is critical for the petroleum refining industry. The current analytical technique such as ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry has been successfully applied for the molecular level characterization of complex petroleum fractions. But the structural characterization of heavy petroleum feedstock is still a great challenge. In this study, a novel in-depth characterization method of nitrogen heterocycles (N-heterocycles) in heavy petroleum mixtures was proposed by online liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization high resolution energy-resolved mass spectrometry. A series of typical basic aromatic, neutral aromatic and naphtheno-aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic model compounds were synthesized to investigate energy-resolved fragmentation behaviors in high energy collision-induced dissociation at 10-100 eV. Energy-dependent fragmentation pathways were elucidated. Notably, characteristic double bond equivalent (DBE) versus carbon number distributions of N1 ions and all CH ions were discovered, which were closely related to their core structure. Then a workflow to assign core structures of alkyl-substituted N-heterocycles in petroleum was proposed and validated. The developed method was applied to investigate the structural isomers in feed and product vacuum gas oil (VGO) fractions. Core structural differences in feed VGO and subtle structural variations between feed and product VGOs were recognized. This work can distinguish structural isomers of N-heterocycles with the subtle difference in their core structure in heavy petroleum fractions based on global energy dimensional fragmentation characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyi Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Xiaoshan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Disheng Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- School of Computer Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Zaifang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Chenfei Ma
- PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute, CNPC, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Lin
- School of Computer Science & Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, PR China
| | - Xin Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China.
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Metabolomics, Dalian, 116023, PR China.
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16
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Modern analytical techniques are improving our ability to follow the fate of spilled oil in the environment. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Palacio Lozano DC, Jones HE, Gavard R, Thomas MJ, Ramírez CX, Wootton CA, Sarmiento Chaparro JA, O'Connor PB, Spencer SEF, Rossell D, Mejia-Ospino E, Witt M, Barrow MP. Revealing the Reactivity of Individual Chemical Entities in Complex Mixtures: the Chemistry Behind Bio-Oil Upgrading. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7536-7544. [PMID: 35576165 PMCID: PMC9161218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Bio-oils are precursors
for biofuels but are highly corrosive necessitating
further upgrading. Furthermore, bio-oil samples are highly complex
and represent a broad range of chemistries. They are complex mixtures
not simply because of the large number of poly-oxygenated compounds
but because each composition can comprise many isomers with multiple
functional groups. The use of hyphenated ultrahigh-resolution mass
spectrometry affords the ability to separate isomeric species of complex
mixtures. Here, we present for the first time, the use of this powerful
analytical technique combined with chemical reactivity to gain greater
insights into the reactivity of the individual isomeric species of
bio-oils. A pyrolysis bio-oils and its esterified bio-oil were analyzed
using gas chromatography coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron
resonance mass spectrometry, and in-house software (KairosMS) was
used for fast comparison of the hyphenated data sets. The data revealed
a total of 10,368 isomers in the pyrolysis bio-oil and an increase
to 18,827 isomers after esterification conditions. Furthermore, the
comparison of the isomeric distribution before and after esterification
provide new light on the reactivities within these complex mixtures;
these reactivities would be expected to correspond with carboxylic
acid, aldehyde, and ketone functional groups. Using this approach,
it was possible to reveal the increased chemical complexity of bio-oils
after upgrading and target detection of valuable compounds within
the bio-oils. The combination of chemical reactions alongside with
in-depth molecular characterization opens a new window for the understanding
of the chemistry and reactivity of complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hugh E Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Molecular Analytical Science Centre of Doctoral Training, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Remy Gavard
- Molecular Analytical Science Centre of Doctoral Training, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Mary J Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.,Molecular Analytical Science Centre of Doctoral Training, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Claudia X Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Espectroscopía Atómica y Molecular (LEAM), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 678, Colombia
| | | | | | - Peter B O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Simon E F Spencer
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - David Rossell
- Department of Economics & Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08005, Spain
| | - Enrique Mejia-Ospino
- Laboratorio de Espectroscopía Atómica y Molecular (LEAM), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 678, Colombia.,Centro de Materiales y Nanociencias (CMN), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 678, Colombia
| | - Matthias Witt
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Mark P Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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18
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Kim S, Kim D, Jung MJ, Kim S. Analysis of environmental organic matters by Ultrahigh-Resolution mass spectrometry-A review on the development of analytical methods. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:352-369. [PMID: 33491249 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the increasing environmental and climate changes globally, there is an increasing interest in the molecular-level understanding of environmental organic compound mixtures, that is, the pursuit of complete and detailed knowledge of the chemical compositions and related chemical reactions. Environmental organic molecule mixtures, including those in air, soil, rivers, and oceans, have extremely complex and heterogeneous chemical compositions. For their analyses, ultrahigh-resolution and sub-ppb level mass accuracy, achievable using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS), are important. FT-ICR MS has been successfully used to analyze complex environmental organic molecule mixtures such as natural, soil, particulate, and dissolved organic matter. Despite its success, many limitations still need to be overcome. Sample preparation, ionization, structural identification, chromatographic separation, and data interpretation are some key areas that have been the focus of numerous studies. This review describes key developments in analytical techniques in these areas to aid researchers seeking to start or continue investigations for the molecular-level understanding of environmental organic compound mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjune Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Donghwi Kim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Korea
| | - Maeng-Joon Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Mass Spectrometry Convergence Research Center and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, Korea
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19
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Ma X, Rohdenburg M, Knorke H, Kawa S, Liu JKY, Aprà E, Asmis KR, Azov VA, Laskin J, Jenne C, Kenttamaa HI, Warneke J. Binding of Saturated and Unsaturated C6-Hydrocarbons to the Electrophilic Anion [B12Br11]−: A Systematic Mechanistic Study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21759-21772. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The highly reactive gaseous ion [B12Br11]– is a metal-free closed-shell anion which spontaneously forms covalent bonds with hydrocarbon molecules, including alkanes. Herein, we systematically investigate the reaction mechanism for binding...
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20
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He C, Fang Z, Li Y, Jiang C, Zhao S, Xu C, Zhang Y, Shi Q. Ionization selectivity of electrospray and atmospheric pressure photoionization FT-ICR MS for petroleum refinery wastewater dissolved organic matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1466-1475. [PMID: 34669760 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in petroleum refinery wastewater is an extremely complex mixture. A better understanding of chemical compositions of DOM at the molecular level is necessary for the design and optimization of wastewater treatment processes. In this study, two largely different DOM samples, one from a petroleum refinery wastewater and the other from the Suwannee river water, were characterized by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) coupled with positive-/negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI), and positive-ion atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). For wastewater DOM, a total of 6226 molecular formulae were assigned in the three ionization modes. However, only 1182 molecular formulae were common in all three mass spectra, indicating that the techniques were highly complementary in the types of molecules they ionize. Acid Ox (x = 1-9) and basic N1Ox (x = 0-2) classes were dominant in the wastewater DOM detected in negative-ion and positive-ion ESI mode, respectively. And the wastewater DOM contains considerable amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that did not respond to ESI but can be ionized selectively by APPI. Compared with riverine DOM, the refinery wastewater DOM has a higher molecular complexity and is more enriched in hydrocarbon, and nitrogen- and sulfur-containing compounds. The results show that the major components of refinery wastewater DOM were distinctive from those of the natural organic matter. Though not quantitative, the results obtained by various ionization techniques were found to be complementary, and are helpful to our understanding of the selectivity of different ionization techniques as well as the molecular compositions of DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen He
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Zhi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Yongyong Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | | | - Suoqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Chunming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Yahe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
| | - Quan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China.
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21
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Roman-Hubers AT, Cordova AC, Aly NA, McDonald TJ, Lloyd DT, Wright FA, Baker ES, Chiu WA, Rusyn I. Data Processing Workflow to Identify Structurally Related Compounds in Petroleum Substances Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2021; 35:10529-10539. [PMID: 34366560 PMCID: PMC8341389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility spectrometry coupled with mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) is a post-ionization separation technique that can be used for rapid multidimensional analyses of complex samples. IMS-MS offers untargeted analysis, including ion-specific conformational data derived as collisional cross section (CCS) values. Here, we combine nitrogen gas drift tube CCS (DTCCSN2) and Kendrick mass defect (KMD) analyses based on CH2 and H functional units to enable compositional analyses of petroleum substances. First, polycyclic aromatic compound standards were analyzed by IMS-MS to demonstrate how CCS assists the identification of isomeric species in homologous series. Next, we used case studies of a gasoline standard previously characterized for paraffin, isoparaffin, aromatic, naphthene, and olefinic (PIANO) compounds, and a crude oil sample to demonstrate the application of the KMD analyses and CCS filtering. Finally, we propose a workflow that enables confident molecular formula assignment to the IMS-MS-derived features in petroleum samples. Collectively, this work demonstrates how rapid untargeted IMS-MS analysis and the proposed data processing workflow can be used to provide confident compositional characterization of hydrocarbon-containing substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina T. Roman-Hubers
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Alexandra C. Cordova
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Noor A. Aly
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Thomas J. McDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Dillon T. Lloyd
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Fred A. Wright
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Erin S. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Corresponding Author Ivan Rusyn, MD, PhD. Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845. ; Phone: +1-979-458-9866
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22
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Saad F, Bounaceur B, Daaou M, Avilés-Moreno JR, Martínez-Haya B. Molecular Characterization of Nonvolatile Fractions of Algerian Petroleum with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. ENERGY & FUELS : AN AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY JOURNAL 2021; 35:8699-8710. [PMID: 36439938 PMCID: PMC9680539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Algerian crude oil displays a marked propensity for asphaltene precipitation, leading to solid deposits during extraction, transportation, and storage. The relationship between precipitation and chemical composition is unclear; in fact, Algerian crude oil actually features a low asphaltene concentration, despite its relatively large rate of deposit formation. The rationalization of the precipitation process and its remediation should benefit from a molecular characterization of the crude oil. In this study, two unstable asphaltene fractions (A1 and A2) from two different deposits, and two resin crude oil fractions (R1 and R2) from the Hassi-Messaoud Algerian field have been characterized at the molecular level by means of high-resolution mass spectrometry with an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) source. Positively and negatively charged compounds with molecular weights 200-1200 m/z were detected. Several thousand molecular stoichiometries were identified and classified for each sample, in terms of heteroatom content and aromaticity, searching for trends characteristic of the two asphaltenes and of the associated resins. The A2 asphaltene, from a downstream storage tank, displays a higher aromaticity and O-heteroatom content, which correlates with an enhanced aggregation propensity, in comparison to the A1 fraction, collected at the well bore. The resin fractions are found to be abundant in aliphatic hydrocarbons and heteroatomic compounds of moderate aromaticity. The more polar resin fraction, R2, is enriched in N-containing species, with respect to the less polar resin fraction R1, which correlates with the stabilizing function observed in previous works. The results stress the view of crude oil fractions as complex mixtures, rather than in terms of average prototypical compounds, when facing the understanding of asphaltene deposition conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Saad
- LCPM,
Département de Chimie, Faculté
des Sciences Université d’Oran 1 (Ahmed Benbella), P.O. Box 1524 el m’naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Boumedienne Bounaceur
- LCPM,
Département de Chimie, Faculté
des Sciences Université d’Oran 1 (Ahmed Benbella), P.O. Box 1524 el m’naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Mortada Daaou
- LCPM,
Département de Chimie, Faculté
des Sciences Université d’Oran 1 (Ahmed Benbella), P.O. Box 1524 el m’naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria
- LSPBE,
Département de Génie Chimique, Faculté de Chimie, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie
d’Oran- Mohamed Boudiaf, P.O.
Box 1505 el m’naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | | | - Bruno Martínez-Haya
- Department
of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Seville, Spain
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23
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Bergfors SN, Huynh K, Jensen AE, Sundberg J. Non-target screening of organic compounds in offshore produced water by GC×GC-MS. PEERJ ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj-achem.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Produced water is the largest by-product of oil and gas production. At off-shore installations, the produced water is typically reinjected or discharged into the sea. The water contains a complex mixture of dispersed and dissolved oil, solids and inorganic ions. A better understanding of its composition is fundamental to (1) improve environmental impact assessment tools and (2) develop more efficient water treatment technologies. The objective of the study was to screen produced water sampled from a producing field in the Danish region of the North Sea to identify any containing organic compounds. The samples were taken at a test separator and represent an unfiltered picture of the composition before cleaning procedures. The analytes were isolated by liquid-liquid extraction and derivatized using a silylation reagent to increase the volatility of oxygenated compounds. The final extracts were analyzed by comprehensive multi-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer. A non-target processing workflow was implemented to extract features and quantify the confidence of library matches by correlation to retention indices and the presence of molecular ions. Approximately 120 unique compounds were identified across nine samples. Of those, 15 were present in all samples. The main types of compounds are aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids with a small fraction of hydrocarbons. The findings have implications for developing improved environmental impact assessment tools and water remediation technologies.
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24
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Rüger CP, Le Maître J, Maillard J, Riches E, Palmer M, Afonso C, Giusti P. Exploring Complex Mixtures by Cyclic Ion Mobility High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: Application Toward Petroleum. Anal Chem 2021; 93:5872-5881. [PMID: 33784070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The in-depth isomeric and isobaric description of ultra-complex organic mixtures remains one of the most challenging analytical tasks. In the last two decades, ion mobility coupled to high-performance mass spectrometry added an additional structural dimension. Despite tremendous instrumental improvements, commercial devices are still limited in ion mobility and mass spectrometric resolving power and struggle to resolve isobaric species and complex isomeric patterns. To overcome these limitations, we explored the capabilities of cyclic ion mobility high-resolution mass spectrometry with special emphasis on petrochemical applications. We could show that quadrupole-selected ion mobility mass spectrometry gives closer insights into the isomeric distribution. In combination with slicing the specific parts of the ion mobility dimension, isobaric interferences could be drastically removed. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) allowed separating structural groups of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocycles (PAH/PASH), deploying up to 10 passes in the cyclic ion mobility device. Finally, we introduce a data processing workflow to resolve the 3.4 mDa SH4/C3 mass split by combining ion mobility and mass spectrometric resolving power. Cyclic ion mobility with the intelligent design of experiments and processing routines will be a powerful approach addressing the isobaric and isomeric complexity of ultra-complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Rüger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre (JMSC)/Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany.,International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville (TRTG), 76700 Harfleur, France.,Department Life, Light & Matter (LLM), University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johann Le Maître
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville (TRTG), 76700 Harfleur, France.,TOTAL Refining and Chemicals, Gonfreville, 76700 Harfleur, France
| | - Julien Maillard
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville (TRTG), 76700 Harfleur, France.,Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen-Normandie, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | | | | | - Carlos Afonso
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville (TRTG), 76700 Harfleur, France.,Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen-Normandie, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Pierre Giusti
- International Joint Laboratory-iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, Total Research and Technology Gonfreville (TRTG), 76700 Harfleur, France.,TOTAL Refining and Chemicals, Gonfreville, 76700 Harfleur, France.,Normandie Université, COBRA, UMR 6014 et FR 3038, Université de Rouen-Normandie, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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25
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Cho E, Solihat NN, Kim YH, Kim S. Comprehensive Lists of Internal Calibrants for Ultrahigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Crude Oil and Natural Organic Matter and Their Preparation Recipes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:590-596. [PMID: 33426888 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, comprehensive lists of internal calibrants for accurate mass determination of molecules in crude oils, natural organic matter, and soil as well as their preparation recipes are presented. The lists include various sets of chemicals for positive- and negative-ion mode electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, atmospheric pressure photoionization, and laser desorption ionization. The chemicals were chosen based on their solvent compatibility, ionization efficiency, and accessibility. The sample preparation process was optimized for each ionization method and type of sample. The lists include detailed information on preparation solvent, concentrations, and mixing ratios of sample and calibrants. Internal calibration using the information in the lists results in successful calibration, and all the data presented in this study show root-mean-square errors between the theoretical and obtained m/z numbers of less than 0.4 ppm. The information presented in this study provides an important guideline for researchers working on complex mixtures with ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Cho
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat
- Research Center for Biomaterials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Young Hwan Kim
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28119, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Mass Spectrometry Based Convergence Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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26
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Bierla K, Chiappetta G, Vinh J, Lobinski R, Szpunar J. Potential of Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (Orbitrap and Ion Cyclotron Resonance) for Speciation of the Selenium Metabolome in Selenium-Rich Yeast. Front Chem 2020; 8:612387. [PMID: 33363115 PMCID: PMC7755988 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.612387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the field of element speciation, from the targeted analysis for specific element species toward a global exploratory analysis for the entirety of metal- or metalloid-related compounds present in a biological system (metallomics), requires instrumental techniques with increasing selectivity and sensitivity. The selectivity of hyphenated techniques, combining chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis with element-specific detection (usually inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP MS), is often insufficient to discriminate all the species of a given element in a sample. The necessary degree of specificity can be attained by ultrahigh-resolution (R >100,000 in the m/z < 1,000 range for a 1 s scan) mass spectrometry based on the Fourier transformation of an image current of the ions moving in an Orbitrap or an ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) cell. The latest developments, allowing the separate detection of two ions differing by a mass of one electron (0.5 mDa) and the measurement of their masses with a sub-ppm accuracy, make it possible to produce comprehensive lists of the element species present in a biological sample. Moreover, the increasing capacities of multistage fragmentation often allow their de novo identification. This perspective paper critically discusses the potential state-of-the-art of implementation, and challenges in front of FT (Orbitrap and ICR) MS for a large-scale speciation analysis using, as example, the case of the metabolism of selenium by yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bierla
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Hélioparc, Pau, France
| | | | - Joëlle Vinh
- SMBP, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Hélioparc, Pau, France
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Szpunar
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM UMR5254, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-chimie pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Hélioparc, Pau, France
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27
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Fractionation and Characterization of Petroleum Asphaltene: Focus on Metalopetroleomics. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8111504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Asphaltenes, as the heaviest and most polar fraction of petroleum, have been characterized by various analytical techniques. A variety of fractionation methods have been carried out to separate asphaltenes into multiple subfractions for further investigation, and some of them have important reference significance. The goal of the current review article is to offer insight into the multitudinous analytical techniques and fractionation methods of asphaltene analysis, following an introduction with regard to the morphologies of metals and heteroatoms in asphaltenes, as well their functions on asphaltene aggregation. Learned lessons and suggestions on possible future work conclude the present review article.
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28
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Nagornov KO, Kozhinov AN, Nicol E, Tsybin OY, Touboul D, Brunelle A, Tsybin YO. Narrow Aperture Detection Electrodes ICR Cell with Quadrupolar Ion Detection for FT-ICR MS at the Cyclotron Frequency. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2258-2269. [PMID: 32966078 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ion signal detection at the true (unperturbed) cyclotron frequency instead of the conventional reduced cyclotron frequency has remained a formidable challenge since the inception of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Recently, routine FT-ICR MS at the true cyclotron frequency has become a reality with the implementation of ICR cells with narrow aperture detection electrodes (NADEL). Here, we describe the development and implementation of the next generation of these cells, namely, a 2xNADEL ICR cell, which comprises four flat detect and four ∼45° cylindrical excite electrodes, enabling independent ion excitation and quadrupolar ion detection. The performance of the 2xNADEL ICR cell was evaluated on two commercial FT-ICR MS platforms, 10 T LTQ FT from Thermo Scientific and 9.4 T SolariX XR from Bruker Daltonics. The cells provided accurate mass measurements in the analyses of singly and multiply charged peptides (root-mean-square, RMS, mass error Δm/m of 90 ppb), proteins (Δm/m = 200 ppb), and petroleum fractions (Δm/m < 200 ppb). Due to the reduced influence of measured frequency on the space charge and external (trapping) electric fields, the 2xNADEL ICR cells exhibited stable performance in a wide range of trapping potentials (1-20 V). Similarly, in a 13 h rat brain MALDI imaging experiment, the RMS mass error did not exceed 600 ppb even for low signal-to-noise ratio analyte peaks. Notably, the same set of calibration constants was applicable to Fourier spectra in all pixels, reducing the need for recalibration at the individual pixel level. Overall, these results support further experimental development and fundamentals investigation of this promising technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edith Nicol
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Oleg Yu Tsybin
- Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David Touboul
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alain Brunelle
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale, LAMS UMR8220, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yury O Tsybin
- Spectroswiss, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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