1
|
Gong Z, Ren P, Bao H, Mao W, Zhao J, Yu Z, Shen Y, Liu Y, Liu B, Zhang S. The roles of Braun Lipoprotein in inducing tolerance of bovine endometrium infected by Escherichia coli. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 266:107513. [PMID: 38843662 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli), a Gram-negative bacterium, is the primary pathogen responsible for endometritis in dairy cattle. The outer membrane components of E. coli, namely lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial lipoprotein, have the capacity to trigger the host's innate immune response through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Tolerance to bacterial cell wall components, including LPS, may play a crucial role as an essential regulatory mechanism during bacterial infection. However, the precise role of Braun lipoprotein (BLP) tolerance in E. coli-induced endometritis in dairy cattle remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of BLP on the regulation of E. coli infection-induced endometritis in dairy cattle. The presence of BLP was found to diminish the expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and IL-6), while concurrently promoting the expression and release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). Furthermore, BLP demonstrated the ability to impede the activation of MAPK (ERK and p38) and NF-κB (p65) signaling pathways, while simultaneously enhancing signaling through the STAT3 pathway in EECs. Notably, BLP exhibited a dual role, acting both as an activator of TLR2 and as a regulator of TLR2 activation in LPS- and E. coli-treated EECs. In E. coli-infected endometrial explants, the presence of BLP was noted to decrease the release of proinflammatory cytokines and the expression of HMGB1, while simultaneously enhancing the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that the bacterial component BLP plays a protective role in E. coli-induced endometritis in dairy cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Gong
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Peipei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Haixia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Zhuoya Yu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Yuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Yuze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China.
| | - Shuangyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, Hohhot 010011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Borchardt S, Burnett TA, Drillich M, Wagener K, van Burgstedten JGJ, Madureira AML. Association of uterine health in the first lactation with transition cow health and reproductive performance in the second lactation of Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00940-8. [PMID: 38908710 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of puerperal metritis (PM) diagnosed and treated during the early postpartum period of the first lactation on transition cow health, milk production, reproduction, and culling of dairy cows in their second lactation. Diagnosis of PM was based on fetid watery red-brown uterine discharge and rectal temperature above 39.5°C. Two farms were enrolled in this retrospective observational cohort study (Farm A and B). In both farms, the following diseases were recorded during the first 30 DIM in lactation 1 and 2: clinical hypocalcemia (CH), retained fetal membrane (RFM), PM, hyperketonemia (KET), left displaced abomasum (LDA) and clinical mastitis (MAST). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows separately for each farm. Linear and logistic regression models were used for continuous (e.g., milk yield) and binary (e.g., disease, pregnancy per AI, pregnancy loss) outcomes, respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression models were calculated to model the time to event outcomes for culling or death during the first 60 DIM and for pregnancy within 250 d of the second lactation. The initial models contained the following variables: year of calving, month of calving, calving ease, stillbirth, twins, days open in lactation 1, 305 d milk yield in lactation 1, PM in lactation 1, and PM in lactation 2 as explanatory variables. A total of 4,834 cows (Farm A) and 4,238 cows (Farm B) in the second lactation were considered for statistical analyses. On farm A, the incidence of PM in lactation 1 and 2 was 20.1% and 11.2%, respectively. On farm B, the incidence of PM in lactation 1 and 2 was 14.4% and 8.5%, respectively. On both farms, cows with PM in their first lactation had greater odds for RFM and PM in their second lactation, while there was no association of PM in the first lactation with any other non-uterine diseases (i.e., CH, KET, LDA, and MAST) in the second lactation. Cows with PM in lactation 2 had reduced milk yield. The reduction in milk yield in second lactation was greater for cows that already experienced PM in lactation 1. On Farm A, cows with PM in their first lactation had a greater hazard for culling within 60 DIM of the second lactation; however, the same association was not present on Farm B. Cows with PM in lactation 1 had reduced pregnancy per AI at first service in the second lactation only on farm B. Cows with PM in lactation 2 had reduced pregnancy per AI at first service in the second lactation on both farms. Pregnancy loss in lactation 2 was only associated with PM in lactation 2 but not with PM in lactation 1. On both farms, cows had a reduced hazard for pregnancy in their second lactation within 250 DIM when they experienced PM in either lactation. In conclusion, PM in the first lactation had long-lasting negative consequences (i.e., risk of uterine disease and lower reproductive performance) for cows in their next lactation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Borchardt
- Farm Animal Clinic, Division for Ruminants and Camelids, Unit for Reproduction Medicine and Udder Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - T A Burnett
- University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ontario, N0P 2C0, Canada
| | - M Drillich
- Farm Animal Clinic, Division for Ruminants and Camelids, Unit for Reproduction Medicine and Udder Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - K Wagener
- Clinical Unit for Herd Health Management, Clinical Centre for Ruminant and Camelid Medicine, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - A M L Madureira
- University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ontario, N0P 2C0, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garzon A, Basbas C, Schlesener C, Silva-del-Rio N, Karle BM, Lima FS, Weimer BC, Pereira RV. WGS of intrauterine E. coli from cows with early postpartum uterine infection reveals a non-uterine specific genotype and virulence factors. mBio 2024; 15:e0102724. [PMID: 38742889 PMCID: PMC11237492 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01027-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli has been attributed to playing a major role in a cascade of events that affect the prevalence and severity of uterine disease in cattle. The objectives of this project were to (i) define the association between the prevalence of specific antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes in E. coli with the clinical status related to uterine infection, (ii) identify the genetic relationship between E. coli isolates from cows with diarrhea, with mastitis, and with and without metritis, and (iii) determine the association between the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance identified on the E. coli isolated from postpartum cattle. Bacterial isolates (n = 148) were obtained from a larger cross-sectional study. Cows were categorized into one of three clinical groups before enrollment: metritis, cows with purulent discharge, and control cows. For genomic comparison, public genomes (n = 130) from cows with diarrhea, mastitis, and metritis were included in a genome-wide association study, to evaluate differences between the drug classes or the virulence factor category among clinical groups. A distinct E. coli genotype associated with metritis could not be identified. Instead, a high genetic diversity among the isolates from uterine sources was present. A virulence factor previously associated with metritis (fimH) using PCR was not associated with metritis. There was moderate accuracy for whole-genome sequencing to predict phenotypic resistance, which varied depending on the antimicrobial tested. Findings from this study contradict the traditional pathotype classification and the unique intrauterine E. coli genotype associated with metritis in dairy cows.IMPORTANCEMetritis is a common infectious disease in dairy cattle and the second most common reason for treating a cow with antimicrobials. The pathophysiology of the disease is complex and is not completely understood. Specific endometrial pathogenic Escherichia coli have been reported to be adapted to the endometrium and sometimes lead to uterine disease. Unfortunately, the specific genomic details of the endometrial-adapted isolates have not been investigated using enough genomes to represent the genomic diversity of this organism to identify specific virulence genes that are consistently associated with disease development and severity. Results from this study provide key microbial ecological advances by elucidating and challenging accepted concepts for the role of Intrauterine E. coli in metritis in dairy cattle, especially contradicting the existence of a unique intrauterine E. coli genotype associated with metritis in dairy cows, which was not found in our study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Garzon
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Carl Basbas
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cory Schlesener
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Noelia Silva-del-Rio
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Tulare, California, USA
| | - Betsy M. Karle
- Cooperative Extension, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Orland, California, USA
| | - Fabio S. Lima
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Bart C. Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Richard V. Pereira
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Matzembacker B, Fantinel DDS, Rodrigues CM, da Silva SP, Marin MHDB, Rosa DS, da Costa MM, Silveira S, Girardini LK. Antimicrobial efficiency of bromhexine hydrochloride against endometritis-causing Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes in bovines. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:2013-2024. [PMID: 38639845 PMCID: PMC11153440 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the main agents associated with endometritis in cows in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, were identified and the resistance profile and virulence mechanisms of the bacterial isolates were evaluated. Isolates of Escherichia coli and Trueperella pyogenes were tested for their biofilm forming ability and the antimicrobial action of bromhexine hydrochloride in combination with other antimicrobials. A total of 37 uterine lavage samples were collected from cows with endometritis. Of the 55 bacteria isolated, 25.4% were identified as T. pyogenes and 16.3% as E. coli. The bacterial isolates showed greater resistance to sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim (58.2%) and tetracycline (56.3%). Among the species, E. coli showed the highest resistance rates, with 100% of isolates showing resistance to amoxicillin, streptomycin, and gentamicin. The results of the minimum inhibitory concentration for the T. pyogenes isolates showed that 91.6% of the isolates were resistant to enrofloxacin and tetracycline, and 75% were resistant to ceftiofur and sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim. All E. coli and T. pyogenes isolates showed biofilm forming ability. The plo, fimA, and nanH genes were identified in 100% of T. pyogenes isolates. In parallel, 100% of E. coli isolates had the fimH gene, and 11.1% had the csgD gene. Bromhexine hydrochloride showed antimicrobial activity against 100% of E. coli isolates and 66.6% of T. pyogenes isolates. Furthermore, when associated with antimicrobials, bromhexine hydrochloride has a synergistic and additive effect, proving to be an option in the treatment of endometritis in cows and an alternative for reducing the use of antimicrobials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Matzembacker
- Laboratório de diagnóstico de Doenças infectocontagiosas, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Xanxerê, 89820-000, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | | | | | - Samara Pereira da Silva
- Laboratório de diagnóstico de Doenças infectocontagiosas, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Xanxerê, 89820-000, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Matheus Henrique Dal Bó Marin
- Laboratório de diagnóstico de Doenças infectocontagiosas, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Xanxerê, 89820-000, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Danillo Sales Rosa
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, 52171-030, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Mateus Matiuzzi da Costa
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina, 56300-000, Pernambuco, Brasil.
| | - Simone Silveira
- Laboratório de diagnóstico de Doenças infectocontagiosas, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Xanxerê, 89820-000, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| | - Lilian Kolling Girardini
- Laboratório de diagnóstico de Doenças infectocontagiosas, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Xanxerê, 89820-000, Santa Catarina, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang MQ, Heirbaut S, Jing XP, Stefańska B, Vandaele L, De Neve N, Fievez V. Systemic inflammation in early lactation and its relation to the cows' oxidative and metabolic status, productive and reproductive performance as well as activity. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00776-8. [PMID: 38754826 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A dysregulated inflammatory response contributes to the occurrence of disorders in cows during the transition period from pregnancy to lactation. However, a detailed characterization of clinically healthy cows that exhibit enhanced inflammatory response during this critical period remains incomplete. In this experiment, a total of 99 individual transition dairy cows and 109 observations (18 cows monitored in 2 consecutive lactations), submitted to similar transition management were involved to evaluate the relationship between elevated inflammatory response and metabolic, oxidative status as well as transition outcomes. Blood was taken at -7, 3, 6, 9 and 21 d in milk (DIM) and concentrations of metabolic parameters (glucose, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and fructosamine) were analyzed. Additionally, oxidative parameters (proportion of oxidized glutathione to total glutathione in red blood cells (GSSG (%)), the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and of superoxide dismutase (SOD), concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)) and acute phase proteins (APP) including haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and albumin-to-globulin ratio (A:G) were determined in the blood of 21 DIM. The 3 APP parameters were used to group clinically healthy cows into 2 categories through k-medoids clustering, i.e., a group showing an acute phase response (APR, n = 39) and a group not showing such a response, i.e., non-APR (n = 50). Diseased cases (n = 20) were handled in a separate group. Lower SAA and Hp concentrations as well as higher A:G were observed in the non-APR group, although for Hp differences were observed from the APR group, not from the diseased group. Only one of the 5 oxidative parameters differed between the groups, with the non-APR group exhibiting lower GPx activity compared with the diseased group. The non-APR group showed the highest IGF-1 levels among the 3 groups, and lower NEFA concentrations compared with the diseased groups. The diseased group also showed reduced dry matter intake and milk yield compared with clinically healthy cows, regardless of their inflammatory status. Moreover, the APR group exhibited temporarily lower activity levels compared with the non-APR group. These findings highlight that cows with a lower inflammatory status after 21 DIM exhibited better metabolic health characteristics, productive performance as well as activity levels. Nevertheless, the detrimental effects of a higher inflammatory status in the absence of clinical symptoms are still relatively limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Q Zhang
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - S Heirbaut
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - X P Jing
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium.; State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems, International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - B Stefańska
- Department of Grassland and Natural Landscape Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11 Street, 60-632 Poznań, Poland
| | - L Vandaele
- Animal Sciences Unit, ILVO, Scheldeweg 68, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - N De Neve
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - V Fievez
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium..
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Krasniqi K, Black N, Williams EJ, Bogado Pascottini O, Thornton S, Quenby S, Odendaal J. Lessons learned from bovine subclinical endometritis: A systematic review exploring its potential relevance to chronic endometritis in women. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2024; 5:RAF-23-0035. [PMID: 38734031 PMCID: PMC11227093 DOI: 10.1530/raf-23-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic endometritis (CE) in humans is asymptomatic inflammation of the endometrium, associated with poor reproductive outcomes. Similarly asymptomatic endometrial inflammation in cows, termed subclinical endometritis (SCE), is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. While the pathophysiology and treatment options for CE in humans remains poorly defined, the financial implications of SCE in dairy cows mean it has been intensively researched. We performed a systematic review with an emergent theme thematic analysis of studies of SCE in cows, to determine potential areas of interest in human CE research. A literature search for studies of subclinical endometritis in cows published between 1990 and November 2021 was performed across Embase, Medline, Scopus and CINAHL. Studies of symptomatic or clinical endometritis were excluded. Thematic analysis across two broad themes were explored: diagnostic methods and pathophysiology of SCE. In total, 44 bovine studies were included. 12 studies reported on diagnostic methodology. The primary emergent theme was the use of cytology for the diagnosis of SCE. This method has a lower sensitivity than histopathology but is less invasive and more specific than alternative techniques of ultrasound, vaginoscopy, or metabolic markers. The subthemes related to pathophysiology were identified as type of endometritis, metabolic stress, artificial insemination, infective causes, and altered cellular pathways. Despite the lack of symptoms, cellular pathways of inflammation including NFkB, MAPK, and inflammasomes were found to be activated. The key themes related to the diagnosis and pathophysiology of SCE in cows identified in this systematic review highlight potential areas for future research into human CE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaltrina Krasniqi
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Naomi Black
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - Erin J Williams
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health & The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarah Thornton
- Hook Norton Veterinary Group, White Hill Surgery, Hook Norton, UK
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - Joshua Odendaal
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El-Deeb W, Abdelghani MA, Alhaider A, Al-Hammadi M, Gomaa N, Venugopala K, Fayez M. Exploring oxidative stress, immunological and metabolic biomarkers in dairy cows with postpartum pyometra. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14559. [PMID: 38591742 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Pyometra is a prevalent and severe infectious disease that affects the reproductive systems of cattle worldwide. This study's main goal was to investigate the biomarkers for oxidative stress (OS), adiponectin, leptin and neopterin (NPT) in cows suffering from postpartum pyometra. The study also aimed to determine which bacteria were most commonly implicated in the development of the disease. A total of 74 cows with pyometra were examined and compared to a control group of healthy cows (n = 20). In comparison to the healthy control and post-treatment groups, the pyometra group showed higher mean values of leptin, adiponectin and malondialdehyde (MDA). In contrast, the glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mean values were lower in the pyometra group as compared to the post-treatment and control groups. NPT levels in the post-treatment groups were lower than those in cows with pyometra but comparable to the healthy control group (p > .05). When compared to the other biomarkers, NPT, leptin and adiponectin showed higher sensitivity and specificity in identifying pyometra cases (AUC ≥0.99). The predominant bacterial isolates from the ptomtra-affected cows consisted of Escherichia coli (N = 29; 39.2%), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (N = 27; 36.5%) and Fusobacterium necrophorum (N = 13; 17.6%). Mixed infection was determined in nine samples (12.2%). Conclusively, OS, adiponectin, leptin and NPT play crucial roles in comprehending the development of postpartum pyometra in cows and have the potential to serve as biomarkers for the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wael El-Deeb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Abdelghani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman Alhaider
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Hammadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naglaa Gomaa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud Fayez
- Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Adnane M, Whiston R, Tasara T, Bleul U, Chapwanya A. Harnessing Vaginal Probiotics for Enhanced Management of Uterine Disease and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows: A Conceptual Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1073. [PMID: 38612312 PMCID: PMC11011061 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Uterine disease in cattle impairs reproductive performance and profitability and increases antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. Thus, probiotics offer a promising alternative therapy. This review presents conceptual findings on the efficacy of probiotics in managing uterine diseases and fertility in cows. Probiotics containing Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. individually or as composite formulations are known to improve fertility. Strategic intravaginal administration of these formulations would likely enhance uterine immunity, particularly during the postpartum period. While current findings on the benefits to uterine health are encouraging, there is still significant knowledge missing, including a lack of empirical information from large-scale field trials. This review underscores the need for evidence-based guidelines for probiotics, such as genomic selection of formulations, targeted delivery, or potential synergy with other interventions. Future research should address these gaps to maximize the potential of probiotics in managing uterine diseases and enhancing the reproductive health of dairy cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Adnane
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Ibn Khaldoun of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria
- USDA, Faculty Exchange Program Fellow, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ronan Whiston
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre 00265, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (R.W.); (A.C.)
| | - Taurai Tasara
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Ulrich Bleul
- Department of Farm Animals, Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Aspinas Chapwanya
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre 00265, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (R.W.); (A.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stefanska B, Sobolewska P, Fievez V, Pruszynska-Oszmałek E, Purwin C, Nowak W. The effect of heat stress on performance, fertility, and adipokines involved in regulating systemic immune response during lipolysis of early lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2111-2128. [PMID: 37923214 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the potential effect of heat stress on dairy cow productivity, fertility, and biochemical blood indices during the early lactation stage in a temperate climate. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the role of leptin and adiponectin in regulating the immune response accompanying lipolysis after calving in dairy cows. The study included 100 clinically healthy Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows selected based on parity and 305 d of milk yield from 5 commercial farms with similar herd management and housing systems. Prospective cohort data were recorded from calving day until 150 d in milk, and microclimate loggers installed inside the barns were used to record temperature and relative humidity data to calculate daily temperature-humidity index (THI) on the calving day, through +7, +14, and +21 d during early lactation. Additionally, monthly productive performance parameters such as milk yield, chemical composition, fatty acids composition, and fertility indices were analyzed. Results showed that the THI from calving day through +7, +14, and +21 d during early lactation was negatively associated with fertility parameters such as delayed first estrus postpartum and an elongated calving interval, respectively, by 29, 27, 25, and 16 d. Furthermore, an increase in THI value during early lactation was associated with an elongated artificially inseminated service period, days open, and intercalving period. Increasing THI from calving day (0 d) through +7, +14, and up to +21 d during early lactation was also linked to decreased milk yield by 3.20, 4.10, 5.60, and 5.60 kg, respectively. The study also found that heat stress during early lactation was associated with a lower body condition score in dairy cows and higher concentrations of leptin, nonesterified fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyrate, accompanied by a drastic reduction in adipose tissue-secreted adiponectin levels after calving. Additionally, heat stress-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue caused an inflammatory response that increased biochemical blood indices associated with immune responses such as cytokines, acute phase proteins, and heat shock protein. These findings suggest that exposing dairy cows to heat stress during early lactation can negatively affect their productive performance, fertility, and biochemical blood indices in subsequent lactations. Thus, farm management changes should be implemented during early lactation to mitigate the negative consequences of heat stress occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Stefanska
- Department of Grassland and Natural Landscape Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-632 Poznań, Poland.
| | - P Sobolewska
- Department of Grassland and Natural Landscape Sciences, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-632 Poznań, Poland
| | - V Fievez
- Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - E Pruszynska-Oszmałek
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Biostructure, Poznań University of Life Science, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - C Purwin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Feed Science, and Cattle Breeding, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - W Nowak
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sanchez L, Campos-Chillon F, Sargolzaei M, Peterson DG, Sprayberry KA, McArthur G, Anderson P, Golden B, Pokharel S, Abo-Ismail MK. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with the Development of the Metritis Complex in Dairy Cattle. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:439. [PMID: 38674374 PMCID: PMC11049392 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The metritis complex (MC), a group of post-partum uterine diseases, is associated with increased treatment costs and reduced milk yield and fertility. The goal of this study was to identify genetic variants, genes, or genomic regions that modulate MC disease. A genome-wide association study was performed using a single-locus mixed linear model of 1967 genotypes (624,460 SNPs) and metritis complex records. Then, in-silico functional analyses were performed to detect biological mechanisms and pathways associated with the development of MC. The ATP8A2, COX16, AMN, and TRAF3 genes, located on chromosomes 12, 10, and 21, were associated with MC at p ≤ 0.0001. These genes are involved in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the stromal tissue of the uterus, which can be directly associated with the mode of transmission for pathogens causing the metritis complex. The modulation of cholesterol abundance alters the efficiency of virulence factors and may affect the susceptibility of the host to infection. The SIPA1L1, DEPDC5, and RNF122 genes were also significantly associated with MC at p ≤ 0.0001 and are involved in the PI3k-Akt pathway, responsible for activating the autophagic processes. Thus, the dysregulation of these genes allows for unhindered bacterial invasion, replication, and survival within the endometrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanna Sanchez
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Fernando Campos-Chillon
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Mehdi Sargolzaei
- Select Sires Inc., 11740 US-42, Plain City, OH 43064, USA;
- Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Daniel G. Peterson
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Kim A. Sprayberry
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Garry McArthur
- Swinging Udders Veterinary Services, 8418 Liberty Rd, Galt, CA 95632, USA;
| | - Paul Anderson
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
| | | | - Siroj Pokharel
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Mohammed K. Abo-Ismail
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (L.S.); (F.C.-C.); (D.G.P.); (K.A.S.); (S.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tobolski D, Zwierzchowski G, Lukasik K, Skarżyński DJ, Pascottini OB, Opsomer G, Barański W. Progesterone-independent endometrial mRNA expression in dairy cows with clinical or subclinical endometritis. Theriogenology 2024; 216:146-154. [PMID: 38183931 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Up to 50 % of dairy cows fail to resolve uterine involution and develop chronic clinical (CE) or subclinical endometritis (SE) 21 days after calving. Clinical endometritis is associated with purulent discharge, while SE is not associated with overt clinical signs. Along with numerous knowledge gaps related to its pathogenesis, SE does not allow for a straightforward and effective therapy. Therefore, it is crucial to unravel differences in the expression of genes among healthy, CE, and SE cows. This might contribute to the discovery of new drug candidates and, in consequence, a potentially effective treatment. In the present study, cows between 21 and 28 days postpartum (PP) were examined using vaginoscopy for the presence of vaginal discharge and endometrial cytology for the determination of the endometrial polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) percentage. Next, an endometrial biopsy sample was taken to investigate the expression of 13 selected candidate genes by qPCR. Uterine health status was assigned to healthy (absence of abnormal vaginal discharge and ≤5 % PMN, n = 13), SE (absence of abnormal vaginal discharge and >5 % PMN, n = 30), and CE (mucopurulent or purulent vaginal discharge and >5 % PMN, n = 9). At the same time, a blood sample was collected to assess serum progesterone concentration and to categorize cows as low (≤1 ng/mL) or high (>1 ng/mL) in progesterone. High expression of IL1B, IL6, IL17A, CXCL8, PTGES, PTGS1, PTGS2, and INHBA genes and low expression of FST was noted in the endometrium of CE compared to healthy cows. Increased endometrial INHBA expression was observed in both SE and CE compared to healthy cows. Interestingly, greater expression of PTGES and PRXL2B genes and lower expression of PTGS2 were characteristic of SE versus CE or healthy. Among cows with no overt clinical symptoms of uterine disease (healthy and SE), the endometrial expression of IL1 B, CXCL8, and PTGES was greater in cows with high versus low serum progesterone. Several genes were differentially expressed among healthy, SE, and CE cows indicating different pathways for the development of different uterine diseases. In conclusion, we found progesterone-independent SE markers, which suggests that low endometrial PTGS2 expression may be indicative of an inadequate immune response and thus contribute to the pathogenesis of SE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Tobolski
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Oczapowskiego 14, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Zwierzchowski
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 1a Oczapowskiego Str., Olsztyn, 10-719, Poland
| | - Karolina Lukasik
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10 -748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jan Skarżyński
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10 -748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Geert Opsomer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wojciech Barański
- Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Oczapowskiego 14, Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zheng Z, Guo Y, Zheng Y, Wu H. miR-92b ameliorates lipoteichoic acid induced endometritis by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. Theriogenology 2024; 214:307-313. [PMID: 37956579 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Endometritis is one of the important reasons for the low fecundity of dairy cows, which has brought huge economic losses to the dairy industry. Emerging evidence suggests that miR-92b is a novel therapeutic molecule that plays a crucial role in many inflammatory diseases. However, its mechanism in lipoteichoic acid (LTA) induced endometritis remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the mechanism of miR-92b on LTA-induced endometritis in vivo and in vitro. The result displayed that the expression of miR-92b was reduced in LTA induced mouse endometritis and bovine endometrial epithelial cell lines (BEND). Overexpression miR-92b significantly alleviated mouse uterine injury and reduced the protein levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and the MPO activity. The reporter assay of luciferase showed that miR-92b directly targeted the transmembrane receptor Frizzled-10 (FZD10), a transmembrane-type Wnt receptor. Molecular experiments were further performed to explore the mechanism of miR-92b in protecting LTA induced endometritis. The results of in vitro suggested that miR-92b mimic decreased the protein levels of Wnt3a and β-catenin in LTA stimulated BEND, which were abolished by overexpression of FZD10. As expected, miR-92b mimic decreased the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, while overexpression of FZD10 promoted the production of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, the above findings indicated that miR-92b might be an effective strategy for treatment of LTA induced endometritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yingfang Guo
- School of Physical Education and International Equestrianism, Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yonghui Zheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Çömlekcioğlu U, Jezierska S, Opsomer G, Pascottini OB. Uterine microbial ecology and disease in cattle: A review. Theriogenology 2024; 213:66-78. [PMID: 37804686 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to the critical contribution of the uterine-associated microbiota in reproductive health, physiology, and performance, culture-independent methods have been increasingly employed to unravel key aspects of microbial ecology in the uterus of cattle. Nowadays, we know that bacterial diversity is crucial to maintain uterine health, however, there is still no consensus on the exact composition of a healthy uterine microbiota (or eubiosis). Generally, loss of bacterial diversity (or dysbiosis) contributes to the development of uterine infections, associated with increased relative abundances of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Trueperella, and Porphyromonas. Uterine infections are highly prevalent and gravely influence the profitability of cattle operations, animal welfare, and public health. Thus, understanding the dynamics of uterine microbial ecology is essential to develop effective strategies focused on preventing and mitigating the adverse effects of uterine dysbiosis as well as assisting in the process of restoring the core, healthy uterine microbiota. The aim of this review is to summarize research conducted in the microbial ecology of bovine uteri. We discuss the origin of the uterine microflora of healthy cows and the factors influencing its composition. In addition, we review the biology of specific pathogens that are known to increase in abundance during the occurrence of uterine disease. Lastly, we provide an overview of the bacterial biofilm in the bovine endometrium, and we briefly summarize the rationale for the use of probiotics to prevent uterine disease in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uğur Çömlekcioğlu
- Department of Biology, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 8000, Osmaniye, Turkiye; Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | | | - Geert Opsomer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Osvaldo Bogado Pascottini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu SL, Gu FF, Tang YF, Liu XH, Jia MH, Valencak TG, Liu JX, Sun HZ. Dynamic fecal microenvironment properties enable predictions and understanding of peripartum blood oxidative status and nonesterified fatty acids in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:573-592. [PMID: 37690725 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The transition period in dairy cows is a critical stage and peripartum oxidative status, negative energy balance (NEB), and inflammation are highly prevalent. Fecal microbial metabolism is closely associated with blood oxidative status and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels. Here, we investigated dynamic changes in total oxidative status markers and NEFA in blood, fecal microbiome, and metabolome of 30 dairy cows during transition (-21, -7, +7, +21 d relative to calving). Then the Bayesian network and 9 machine-learning algorithms were applied to dismantle their relationship. Our results show that the oxidative status indicator (OSI) of -21, -7, +7 d was higher than +21 d. The plasma concentration of NEFA peaked on +7 d. For fecal microenvironment, a decline in bacterial α diversity was observed at postpartum and in bacterial interactions at +7 d. Conversely, microbial metabolites involved in carbohydrate, lipid, and energy metabolism increased on +7 d. A correlation analysis revealed that 11 and 10 microbial metabolites contributed to OSI and NEFA variations, respectively (arc strength >0.5). The support vector machine (SVM) radial model showed the highest average predictive accuracy (100% and 88.9% in the test and external data sets) for OSI using 1 metabolite and 3 microbiota. The SVM radial model also showed the highest average diagnostic accuracy (100% and 91% in the test and external data sets) for NEFA with 2 metabolites and 3 microbiota. Our results reveal a relationship between variation in the fecal microenvironment and indicators of oxidative status, NEB, and inflammation, which provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and precise regulation of peripartum oxidative status and NEB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng-Fei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi-Fan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Han Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ming-Hui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Teresa G Valencak
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui-Zeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Song P, Sun M, Liu C, Liu J, Lin P, Chen H, Zhou D, Tang K, Wang A, Jin Y. Reactive Oxygen Species Damage Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells via the Cytochrome C-mPTP Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2123. [PMID: 38136242 PMCID: PMC10741073 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
After parturition, bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) undergo serious inflammation and imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation, which is widely acknowledged as a primary contributor to the development of endometritis in dairy cows. Nevertheless, the mechanism of oxidative stress-mediated inflammation and damage in bovine endometrial epithelial cells remains inadequately defined, particularly the molecular pathways associated with mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Hence, the present study was designed to explore the mechanism responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction-induced BEEC damage. In vivo, the expressions of proapoptotic protein caspase 3 and cytochrome C were increased significantly in dairy uteri with endometritis. Similarly, the levels of proapoptotic protein caspase 3, BAX, and cytochrome C were markedly increased in H2O2-treated BEECs. Our findings revealed pronounced BEEC damage in dairy cows with endometritis, accompanied by heightened expression of cyto-C and caspase-3 both in vivo and in vitro. The reduction in apoptosis-related protein of BEECs due to oxidant injury was notably mitigated following N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment. Furthermore, mitochondrial vacuolation was significantly alleviated, and mitochondrial membrane potential returned to normal levels after the removal of ROS. Excessive ROS may be the main cause of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) blockade by cyclophilin D (CypD) knockdown with CSA significantly blocked the flow of cytochrome C (cyto-C) and Ca2+ to the cytoplasm from the mitochondria. Our results indicate that elevated ROS and persistent opening of the mPTP are the main causes of oxidative damage in BEECs. Collectively our results reveal a new mechanism involving ROS-mPTP signaling in oxidative damage to BEECs, which may be a potential avenue for the clinical treatment of bovine endometritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yaping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (P.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
de Oliveira EB, Monteiro HF, Pereira JMV, Williams DR, Pereira RV, Silva Del Rio N, Menta PR, Machado VS, Lima FS. Changes in Uterine Metabolome Associated with Metritis Development and Cure in Lactating Holstein Cows. Metabolites 2023; 13:1156. [PMID: 37999252 PMCID: PMC10672899 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify alterations in the vaginal discharge (VD) metabolome and potential biomarkers to predict metritis development and a cure in dairy cows. This prospective cohort study was conducted on two dairies located in CA and TX. Vaginal discharge was evaluated and collected using the Metricheck® device. Cows were examined for metritis at 4, 7, and 9 days in milk (DIM). Cows with a fetid, watery, and reddish-brown uterine discharge were classified as having metritis and randomized to receive ceftiofur (n = 10) or remain untreated (n = 7). A cure was defined as the absence of a fetid, watery, reddish-brown uterine discharge at 14 d after enrollment. Vaginal discharge samples were collected from 86 cows within 6 h after parturition, at 4 and 7 DIM, at metritis diagnosis, and at 4 and 7 days after metritis diagnosis. Cows with metritis (MET; n = 17) were paired with counterparts without metritis (HTH) of a similar DIM and parity (n = 34). The uterine metabolome was evaluated using untargeted gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). Metabolomic data were analyzed using the MetaboAnalyst 5.0. Data were log-transformed and auto-scaled for normalization. Univariate analyses, including the fold-change, were performed to identify the metabolites linked to metritis development and its cure and principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were performed to explain metabolite variance between animals developing or not developing metritis and being cured or not being cured of metritis. Comparing HTH with MET cows at calving, 12 metabolites were upregulated, and one was downregulated. At four and seven DIM, 51 and 74 metabolites, respectively, were altered between MET and HTH cows. After metritis development, three and five metabolites were upregulated in cows that were cured and in cows that received treatment and were cured, respectively. In all scenarios, the metabolites lignoceric, malic, and maleic acids, ornithine, and hypotaurine, which are associated with arginine/aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and taurine/purine metabolism, were upregulated in HTH cows. Metritis was associated with changes in the uterine metabolome. Cows not being cured of metritis had changes in the uterus metabolome independent of receiving ceftiofur or remaining untreated. Metabolome analysis may be an important tool to understand the vaginal discharge changes during postpartum and the dynamics of metritis development and cures and help to identify biomarkers to predict metritis being cured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo B. de Oliveira
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95106, USA; (E.B.d.O.); (H.F.M.); (R.V.P.); (N.S.D.R.)
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (J.M.V.P.); (D.R.W.)
| | - Hugo F. Monteiro
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95106, USA; (E.B.d.O.); (H.F.M.); (R.V.P.); (N.S.D.R.)
| | - Jessica M. V. Pereira
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (J.M.V.P.); (D.R.W.)
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Deniece R. Williams
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (J.M.V.P.); (D.R.W.)
| | - Richard V. Pereira
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95106, USA; (E.B.d.O.); (H.F.M.); (R.V.P.); (N.S.D.R.)
| | - Noelia Silva Del Rio
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95106, USA; (E.B.d.O.); (H.F.M.); (R.V.P.); (N.S.D.R.)
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, Tulare, CA 93274, USA; (J.M.V.P.); (D.R.W.)
| | - Paulo R. Menta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (P.R.M.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Vinicius S. Machado
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (P.R.M.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Fabio S. Lima
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95106, USA; (E.B.d.O.); (H.F.M.); (R.V.P.); (N.S.D.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jiang P, Zhao L, Hu R, Zhai Z, Guo J, Zhang K. Nuciferine protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis via inhibiting ferroptosis and modulating AMPKα/mTOR/HIF-1α signaling axis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110914. [PMID: 37734199 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Nuciferine (NF) is an alkaloid isolated from Nelumbo nucifera and has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects. However, whether NF treatment exhibits a protective effect in endometritis remains unclear. Here, the protective effects of NF on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis in mice were investigated in our research. The results showed that NF significantly reversed the uterine histopathological changes, inflammatory factor levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity caused by LPS. Furthermore, we found that NF administration improved the reproductive capacity of mice with endometritis. Mechanistically, the expression of MyD88/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and MAPK-related proteins in uterine tissue were decreased by NF treatment. Moreover, we observed the occurrence of ferroptosis in the LPS-induced endometritis mouse model, which was noticeably inhibited by NF treatment. In addition, we showed that NF exhibited anti-endometritis activity by modulating AMPKα/mTOR/HIF1α signaling axis. Finally, the molecular mechanism of the NF anti-inflammatory effect was clarified in mouse endometrial epithelial cells (mEECs). NF inhibited the releases of pro-inflammatory factors in LPS-induced mEECs via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. All these findings suggest that NF may ameliorate LPS-induced endometritis caused by LPS, the mechanism of action is related to the ferroptosis, MyD88/NF-κB, MAPK and AMPKα/mTOR/HIF1α signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linxian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruixue Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zongzhen Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shamshidin A, Kharzhau A, Gabdullin D, Batyrgaliyev Y, Kulbayev R, Zholdasbekov A. Development of feeding and reproduction technology in dairy cattle breeding based on the use of digital technologies. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e276748. [PMID: 37909559 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.276748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A study on the study of the qualitative assessment of the behavior of dairy cattle according to the VAS system (visual analog scale) was conducted in the LLP "Agrofirme "AKAS", located in the West Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to research, it follows that different seasons of time affect the conditions of detention in different ways. So, for the maintenance of cows in the summer, the distance of avoidance at the feeding site according to test 1 and 2 is within 3 meters, whereas in spring and autumn it was 2 meters. The difference between the reference norm and the household ration has been determined, from which it follows that the feeding ration of the farm corresponds to the norm of 12 kg of milk yield per head per day. The vitamin and mineral premix developed by us includes vitamins, minerals, including macro-microelements. The premix also includes components in the following ratio: phosphorus (P) - 5% of monocalcium phosphate, vitamin A - 1.2% of rovimix A 1000, vitamin D3 - 0.64% of rovimix D3, vitamin E - 16% of rovimix E-50, manganese (Mn) - 22.2%, copper (Cu) - 9%, zinc (Zn) - 19%, iodine (I) - 0.28%, selenium (Se) - 7.65 and cobalt (Co) - 0.14%, and feed chalk - 5% and chickpea flour - 13.89% are used as fillers as a source of calcium (Ca).. The average daily milk yield at the beginning of the experiment in both study groups was in the range of 10.6-10.8 kg. At the end of the experiment, the average daily milk yield in animals receiving premix exceeded their peers from the control group by 1.4 kg or 1.6%. According to the chemical composition of milk, the indicators of fat, protein and lactose were higher in the cows of the experimental group compared with the peers of the control group (for fat - 3.92>3.37, for protein - 3.32>3.23, for lactose - 4.16>4.01).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Shamshidin
- West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University named after Zhangir khan, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
| | - A Kharzhau
- West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University named after Zhangir khan, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
| | - Dosmukan Gabdullin
- West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University named after Zhangir khan, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
| | - Y Batyrgaliyev
- West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University named after Zhangir khan, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
| | - R Kulbayev
- West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University named after Zhangir khan, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
| | - A Zholdasbekov
- West Kazakhstan Agrarian and Technical University named after Zhangir khan, Uralsk, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang M, Liu S, Cai J, Sun X, Li C, Tan M, He B. Bile acids ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced endometritis in mice by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Life Sci 2023; 331:122062. [PMID: 37666389 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Endometritis is a common inflammatory disorder affecting the reproductive health in both humans and livestock. The NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has recently been identified as a possible therapeutic target for several inflammatory disorders. Bile acids (BAs) have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, whether BAs ameliorate endometritis by targeting NLRP3 inflammasome remain poorly understood. MAIN METHODS Female NLRP3+/+ and NLRP3-/- mice were subjected to uterine perfusion with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish the endometritis model. For BAs pre-treatment, wild-type mice were administered oral gavage of BAs for seven days followed by uterine perfusion with LPS. All mice were euthanized and the uterine tissues were collected for analysis. KEY FINDINGS The abundances of NLRP3 and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) were significantly upregulated in the uterine tissues of endometritis mice. NLRP3 deficiency led to a reduction in the inflammatory response, neutrophil infiltration, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the uterus, as well as an inhibition of IL-1β secretion. Moreover, BAs pre-treatment successfully decreased LPS-induced upregulation of NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase1, lessened histopathological alteration in the uterus, and notably reduced MPO activity and secretion of IL-1β. SIGNIFICANCE NLRP3 inflammasome is a promising target for endometritis treatment and BAs exhibit anti-inflammatory properties by repressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, making them a possible novel therapeutic strategy for endometritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaoxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Suyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Jiangxue Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Chenxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Meiling Tan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health & Food Safety, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Diaz-Lundahl S, Nørstebø SF, Klem TB, Gilfillan GD, Dalland M, Gillund P, Krogenæs A. The microbiota of uterine biopsies, cytobrush and vaginal swabs at artificial insemination in Norwegian red cows. Theriogenology 2023; 209:115-125. [PMID: 37390751 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The individual resistance or tolerance against uterine disease in dairy cattle might be related to variations in the uterine tract microbiota. The uterine tract microbiota in dairy cattle is a field of increasing interest. However, its specific taxonomy and functional aspects is under-explored, and information about the microbiota in the endometrium at artificial insemination (AI) is still missing. Although uterine bacteria are likely to be introduced via the vaginal route, it has also been suggested that pathogens can be transferred to the uterus via a hematogenous route. Thus, the microbiota in different layers of the uterine wall may differ. Norwegian Red (NR) is a high fertility breed that also has a high prevalence of subclinical endometritis (SCE), an inflammation of the uterus that has a negative effect on dairy cattle fertility. However, in this breed the negative effect is only moderate, raising the question of whether this may be due to a favorable microbiota. In the present study we investigated the endometrial microbiota in NR at AI by biopsy and cytobrush samples, and comparing this to the vaginal microflora. The second objective was to describe potential differences at both distinct depths of the endometrium, in healthy vs SCE positive NR cows. We sampled 24 lactating and clinically healthy Norwegian red cows in their second heat or more after calving, presented for first AI. First, we obtained a vaginal swab and a cytobrush sample, in addition to a cytotape to investigate the animal's uterine health status with respect to SCE. Secondly, we acquired a biopsy sample from the uterine endometrium. Bacterial DNA from the 16S rRNA gene was extracted and sequenced with Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 region. Alpha and beta diversity and taxonomic composition was investigated. Our results showed that the microbiota of endometrial biopsies was qualitatively different and more even than that of cytobrush and vaginal swab samples. The cytobrush samples and the vaginal swabs shared a similar taxonomic composition, suggesting that vaginal swabs may suffice to sample the surface-layer uterine microbiota at estrus. The current study gave a description of the microbiota in the healthy and SCE positive NR cows at AI. Our results are valuable as we continue to explore the mechanisms for high fertility in NR, and possible further improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Diaz-Lundahl
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Simen Foyn Nørstebø
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Thea Blystad Klem
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Gregor Duncan Gilfillan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Dalland
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Gillund
- Geno Breeding and AI Association, Storhamargata 44, 2317, Hamar, Norway
| | - Anette Krogenæs
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ni J, Wang J, Zhao K, Chen Y, Xia S, Lai S. Vaginal Microbiome Dynamics of Cows in Different Parities. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2880. [PMID: 37760279 PMCID: PMC10525485 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, there is still room for research on the relationship between the vaginal microbiome and the reproductive health of dairy cows. In this study, high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to explore the differences of bacterial communities of dairy cows of different births, gain a deeper understanding of cow reproductive physiology, and maintain cow health. With the increase in parity, the number of vaginal flora decreased from 3511 to 469, but the number of species increased significantly, and Chao1 increased from 1226.41 ± 345.40 to 1467.76 ± 269.76. There was a significant difference in the number of vaginal microbiome functions between uncounted cows and calving cows. There was no significant difference in microbial diversity in calves. The relative abundance variation of vaginal microbiota in high-parity cows is less than that in low-parity cows. The amino acid metabolism of calves increased, the endocrine function of high-parity cows was enhanced, and the function of the vaginal microbiome increased after the first delivery, which gradually decreased with the increase in parity. This study also found that Methanobacteria and Caviibacter may be involved in amino acid metabolism and endocrine function, and they may play a key role in cow reproduction. This study provides an important theoretical basis for studying changes in vaginal microorganisms in dairy cows, improves the understanding of reproductive health and production performance, and provides a scientific basis for improving the reproductive management of dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Songjia Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.C.); (S.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Silva JCC, Bringhenti L, Siqueira LC, Rodrigues MX, Zinicola M, Pomeroy B, Bicalho RC. Testing the Induction of Metritis in Healthy Postpartum Primiparous Cows Challenged with a Cocktail of Bacteria. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2852. [PMID: 37760254 PMCID: PMC10525343 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metritis is a postpartum uterine disease with greater incidence in primiparous than in multiparous cows. In primiparous cows, the impact on production and health is lessened, presumably due to a superior immune response. Here, we tested whether an in vivo model of clinical metritis induction developed for postpartum multiparous Holstein cows would produce similar results in primiparous cows. Thirty-six cows were randomly assigned to one of three groups and received intrauterine infusion within 24 h of parturition. The controls were infused with sterile saline; the low-dose group received a bacterial cocktail containing 103 cfu of Escherichia coli, Trueperella pyogenes, and Fusobacterium necrophorum; and the high-dose group were infused with 106 cfu of the same cocktail. Production, health traits, and the vaginal discharge culture were assessed daily, from enrollment until 14 d in milk. Clinical metritis occurred in 64% of high-dose cows, 33% of the controls, and 42% of low-dose cows, with no significant difference of incidence between groups. However, when accounting by time, high-dose cows had a 2.7 times greater hazard of metritis compared with the controls. The bacterial challenge affected milk production and dry matter intake tended to decrease. In the high-dose group, a greater growth of F. necrophorum in the selective medium was also observed, suggesting an association with metritis. Therefore, this study suggests intrauterine inoculation with 106 cfu of this bacterial cocktail elicits physical and clinical outcomes consistent with clinical metritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiane C. C. Silva
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Zoetis Animal Health, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Leonardo Bringhenti
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lucas C. Siqueira
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Marjory X. Rodrigues
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- FERA Diagnostics and Biologicals, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | | | | | - Rodrigo C. Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- FERA Diagnostics and Biologicals, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Díez MC, Przyborski S, Del Cerro A, Alonso-Guervós M, Iglesias-Cabo T, Carrocera S, García MA, Fernández M, Alonso L, Muñoz M. Generation of a novel three-dimensional scaffold-based model of the bovine endometrium. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1721-1733. [PMID: 37154859 PMCID: PMC10484811 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bovine in vitro endometrial models that resemble tissue function in vivo are needed to study infertility, long-term uterine alterations induced by pathogens and impact of endocrine disruptor chemicals on reproductive function and other reproductive system complications that cause high economic losses in livestock species. The present study aimed to generate an innovative, reproducible, and functional 3D scaffold-based model of the bovine endometrium structurally robust for long term-culture. We developed a multicellular model containing both endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. Epithelial cells organized to form a luminal-like epithelial layer on the surface of the scaffold. Stromal cells produced their own extracellular matrix forming a stable subepithelial compartment that physiologically resembles the normal endometrium. Both cell types released prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α following a treatment with oxytocin and arachidonic acid. Additionally signal pathways mediating oxytocin and arachidonic acid stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis were analyzed by real time PCR (RT-PCR). Oxytocin receptor (OXTR), prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 (EP2), prostaglandin E2 receptor 4 (EP4), prostaglandin F receptor (PTGFR), prostaglandin E synthase (PTGES), PGF-synthase (PGFS) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) expression was detected in both control and treatment groups, however, only significant changes in abundance of OXTR mRNA transcripts were found. The results obtained by this study are a step forward in bovine in vitro culture technology. This 3D scaffold-based model provides a platform to study regulatory mechanisms involved in endometrial physiology and can set the basis for a broader tool for designing and testing novel therapeutic strategies for recurrent uterine pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Díez
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal. Camino de Rioseco, Deva Gijón, 1225 - 33394, Asturias, Spain
| | - S Przyborski
- Department of Bioscience, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - A Del Cerro
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal. Camino de Rioseco, Deva Gijón, 1225 - 33394, Asturias, Spain
| | - M Alonso-Guervós
- Optical Microscopy and Image Processing Unit, Scientific-Technical Services, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - T Iglesias-Cabo
- Scientific-Technical Services, Statistical Consulting Unit, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - S Carrocera
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal. Camino de Rioseco, Deva Gijón, 1225 - 33394, Asturias, Spain
| | - M A García
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal. Camino de Rioseco, Deva Gijón, 1225 - 33394, Asturias, Spain
| | - M Fernández
- Asociación. Española de Criadores de Ganado Vacuno Selecto Raza Asturiana de los Valles, Asturias, Spain
| | - L Alonso
- Matadero Central de Asturias, Asturias, Spain
| | - M Muñoz
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Área de Genética y Reproducción Animal. Camino de Rioseco, Deva Gijón, 1225 - 33394, Asturias, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
McKay C, Viora L, Denholm K, Cook J, Belandria RV. Risk factors for ultrasound-diagnosed endometritis and its impact on fertility in Scottish dairy cattle herds. Vet Rec 2023; 193:e3168. [PMID: 37308310 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for and the impact of ultrasound-diagnosed endometritis (UDE) on lactating dairy cows' reproductive performance. METHODS Data were analysed from 1123 Holstein and Holstein-Friesian cows from two Scottish dairy farms. A reproductive ultrasound examination was conducted on two occasions, at 43 ± 3 and 50 ± 3 days in milk (DIM), to screen for hyperechoic fluid in the uterus. Statistical analyses were performed using multivariable logistic regression modelling and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS The overall incidence of UDE was 8.8% (99/1123). Risk factors for UDE included calving during autumn/winter seasons, increased parity and the presence of two or more diseases in the first 50 ± 3 days postpartum. The presence of UDE was associated with a reduced odds of pregnancy after all artificial inseminations up to 150 DIM. LIMITATIONS The retrospective design of this study led to some inherent limitations with the quality and quantity of data collected. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate which risk factors should be monitored in postpartum dairy cows to limit the impact of UDE on future reproductive performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciara McKay
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lorenzo Viora
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katharine Denholm
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
LeBlanc SJ. Relationship of peripartum inflammation with reproductive health in dairy cows. JDS COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:230-234. [PMID: 37360118 PMCID: PMC10285243 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Failure of a robust but well-regulated immune response may result in reproductive tract inflammatory disease, such as metritis, purulent vaginal discharge, or endometritis. Metritis is consistently associated with reduced diversity of the uterine microbiome. Similarly, purulent vaginal discharge at 4 to 6 wk postpartum is strongly associated with bacterial infection of the uterus. Conversely, the microbiome of healthy cows and those with subclinical endometritis is generally similar, so endometritis is thought to be a consequence of dysregulation of inflammation rather than changes in uterine microbiota. There is an emerging concept that inflammation is not only a reaction to injury or disease but that it can be a consequence of or precursor to metabolic disturbances. The degree of systemic inflammation is associated with the level of trauma and bacterial contamination of the uterus or mammary gland, the degree of fat mobilization and release of nonesterified fatty acids, and perhaps leaky gut, all of which result in the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, uterine inflammation may be exacerbated by systemic inflammation, but may also contribute to heightened systemic inflammation in transition cows. However, clarity and progress are limited by a lack of validated criteria to quantify systemic inflammation and to identify its sources.
Collapse
|
26
|
LeBlanc SJ. Review: Postpartum reproductive disease and fertility in dairy cows. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100781. [PMID: 37567665 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews recent data and concepts on metritis, purulent vaginal discharge (PVD), and endometritis in dairy cows and the ways in which these diseases affect reproductive performance. Metritis is characterized by fetid discharge from the uterus, with or without fever. Purulent vaginal discharge describes exudate that is >50% pus that may be attributable to uterine infection or cervicitis. Endometritis is inflammation of the uterus diagnosed by endometrial cytology with a proportion of neutrophils (typically ≥5%) that is associated with impaired fertility. Metritis and PVD are associated with uterine bacterial dysbiosis: changes in the microbiota to lesser diversity and greater abundance of pathogens, especially Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, and Trueperella pyogenes in the case of PVD. Metritis is justifiably treated with approved antibiotics but criteria for more selective treatment without loss of performance are emerging. Purulent vaginal discharge is not synonymous with clinical endometritis, and greater precision in terminology is warranted. PVD is likely under-diagnosed and represents an opportunity for improved management in many herds. Endometritis seems in many cases to reflect persistent, dysregulated inflammation, for which the inciting cause is unclear. Postpartum uterine infection and inflammation have harmful effects on oocytes, embryo development, and the endometrium for at least three months, even if the disease is apparently resolved. Emerging concepts of the resolution and regulation of inflammation are promising for the improvement of prevention and therapy of endometritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J LeBlanc
- Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Husnain A, Arshad U, Poindexter MB, Zimpel R, Marinho MN, Perdomo MC, Fan P, Jeong KC, Nelson CD, Sheldon IM, Bromfield JJ, Santos JEP. Induced endometritis in early lactation compromises production and reproduction in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4198-4213. [PMID: 37080784 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Objectives of this experiment were to study the effect of infusing utero-pathogenic bacteria to induce endometrial inflammation on productive performance in early lactation and subsequent reproduction. Although endometritis is associated with perturbed reproduction, numerous factors may contribute to the observed association. It was hypothesized that induced endometrial inflammation, resulting in localized and systemic inflammatory responses, compromises production and reproduction. Holstein cows without clinical disease and with less than 18% polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in endometrial cytology on d 31 ± 3 postpartum had their estrous cycle synchronized. Cows were blocked by parity and genomic breeding value for cow conception rate and, within block, assigned randomly to remain as untreated controls (CON; n = 37) or to receive an intrauterine infusion of 5.19 × 108 cfu Escherichia coli and 4.34 × 108 cfu Trueperella pyogenes during the luteal phase to induce endometrial inflammation (INF; n = 48). Endometrial cytology was taken on d 2 and 7 after treatment to evaluate the proportion of PMN. Rectal temperature, dry matter intake, and yields of milk and components were measured in the first 7 d after treatment. Blood serum was analyzed for concentration of haptoglobin. Leukocytes were isolated from blood on d 2 and 7 after treatment and on d 19 after artificial insemination (AI) and mRNA was quantified for a select group of genes. Cows received AI and reproduction was followed for 300 d postpartum. Bacterial infusion induced endometrial inflammation with increased proportions of PMN in the endometrial cytology on d 2 (4.4 ± 0.7 vs. 26.3 ± 2.8%) and 7 (10.9 ± 1.7 vs. 17.4 ± 2.1%) after treatment, resulting in increased mean prevalence of subclinical endometritis (>10% PMN; 23.3 ± 6.3 vs. 80.9 ± 5.1%). Rectal temperature did not differ between CON and INF, but the concentration of haptoglobin in serum tended to increase in INF compared with CON (113 ± 14 vs. 150 ± 16 µg/mL). Induced endometrial inflammation reduced yields of milk (44.9 ± 0.8 vs. 41.6 ± 0.8 kg/d), protein (1.19 ± 0.03 vs. 1.12 ± 0.03 kg/d), and lactose (2.17 ± 0.04 vs. 2.03 ± 0.04 kg/d) and tended to reduce dry matter intake (20.7 ± 0.5 vs. 19.4 ± 0.6 kg/d) in the first 7 d after treatment. Indeed, the reduction in milk yield lasted 4 wk. However, treatment did not affect yields of energy-corrected milk or fat because treatment with INF increased the concentration of fat in milk (3.54 ± 0.10 vs. 3.84 ± 0.10%). Induced endometrial inflammation reduced pregnancy per AI at all inseminations (33.4 ± 5.1 vs. 21.6 ± 3.7%) and the hazard of pregnancy (0.61; 95% CI = 0.36-1.04), which extended the median days open by 24 d. Blood leukocytes from INF cows had increased mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory gene IL1B on d 2 and 7 after treatment, but reduced expression of the IFN-stimulated genes ISG15 and MX2 on d 19 after AI. Induced endometrial inflammation depressed production and caused long-term negative effects on reproduction in lactating dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Husnain
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - U Arshad
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - M B Poindexter
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - R Zimpel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - M Nehme Marinho
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - M C Perdomo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - P Fan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - K C Jeong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - C D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - I M Sheldon
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom, SA2 8PP
| | - J J Bromfield
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; DH Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tasara T, Meier AB, Wambui J, Whiston R, Stevens M, Chapwanya A, Bleul U. Interrogating the Diversity of Vaginal, Endometrial, and Fecal Microbiomes in Healthy and Metritis Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071221. [PMID: 37048477 PMCID: PMC10093325 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine genital tract harbors a dynamic microbiome. Genital tract microbial communities in healthy animals have been characterized using next-generation sequencing methods showing that microbe compositions differ between the vagina and uterus, more so during the postpartum period. Pre-calving fecal and vaginal, and endometrial swabs at the different postpartum intervals were collected from dairy cows. Microbiomes in these samples were determined based on bacterial 16S amplicon sequencing and compared between healthy (H; n = 10) control animals and cows that developed metritis (M; n = 10) within 21 days postpartum (DPP). Compared to healthy animals the pre-calving fecal and vaginal microbiomes of metritis animals were more abundant in sequences from the phylum Fusobacteria and the bacterial genera such as Escherichia-Shigella and Histophilus. In addition, compared to healthy animals, metritis cows harboured low microbial species diversity in the endometrium, as well as decreasing Proteobacteria and increasing Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes abundances. The greatest taxonomic compositional deviations in endometrial microbial communities between the metritis and health cows were detected between 7 and 10 DPP. There was high taxonomic similarity detected between postpartum endometrial microbiomes and the prepartum vaginal and fecal microbiomes suggesting that colonization through bacteria ascending from the rectum and vagina to the uterine cavity might play a major role in establishing the endometrial microbiome postpartum. A deeper understanding of the establishment and dynamics of postpartum endometrial microbial communities in cows will thus provide crucial basic knowledge to guide the development of genital microbiome manipulation strategies for preventing uterine disease and improving fertility in dairy cows.
Collapse
|
29
|
Schouten I, Bernys-Karolys A, Schneider P, Dror T, Ofer L, Shimoni C, Nissim-Eliraz E, Shpigel NY, Schlesinger S. Mesenchymal stromal cells modulate infection and inflammation in the uterus and mammary gland. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:64. [PMID: 36997964 PMCID: PMC10061880 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is emerging as an efficacious and safe treatment for many infectious and non-infectious inflammatory diseases in human and veterinary medicine. Such use could be done to treat mastitis and metritis, which are the most common disease conditions affecting dairy cows leading to considerable economic losses and reduced animal welfare. Currently, both disease conditions are commonly treated using local and systemic administration of antibiotics. However, this strategy has many disadvantages including low cure rates and the public health hazards. Looking for alternative approaches, we investigated the properties of MSCs using in-vitro mammary and endometrial cell systems and in-vivo mastitis and metritis murine model systems. In-vitro, co-culture of mammary and uterus epithelial cells constructed with NF-kB reporter system, the master regulator of inflammation, demonstrated their anti-inflammatory effects in response to.LPS. In vivo, we challenge animals with field strains of mammary and utero pathogenic Escherichia coli and evaluated the effects of local and systemic application of MSC in the animal models. Disease outcome was evaluated using histological analysis, bacterial counts and gene expression of inflammatory markers. We show that MSC treatment reduced bacterial load in metritis and significantly modulated the inflammatory response of the uterus and mammary gland to bacterial infection. Most notably are the immune modulatory effects of remotely engrafted intravenous MSCs, which open new avenues to the development of MSC-based cell-free therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iftach Schouten
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Andrés Bernys-Karolys
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Peleg Schneider
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Tal Dror
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Lior Ofer
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Chen Shimoni
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Einat Nissim-Eliraz
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nahum Y Shpigel
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| | - Sharon Schlesinger
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cui L, Guo J, Wang Z, Zhang J, Li W, Dong J, Liu K, Guo L, Li J, Wang H, Li J. Meloxicam inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory response of LPS-stimulated bovine endometrial epithelial cells through Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109822. [PMID: 36750013 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Meloxicam is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and has been widely used in combination with antibiotics to alleviate uterine inflammation and provide analgesia in postpartum cows. Studies have shown that meloxicam has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the link between meloxicam and uterine inflammation and oxidative stress in dairy cows has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to research the effects of meloxicam (0.5 or 5 μM) on oxidative stress and inflammatory response of primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEEC) stimulated by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (1 μg/mL LPS). As a result, LPS stimulated the production of oxidative stress markers and the expression of inflammatory factors, accompanied by a decrease in the activity and the gene transcription of antioxidant enzymes. Co-treatment of meloxicam and LPS reduced the content of oxidative stress markers and the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory genes, and improved antioxidant enzyme activities and the corresponding gene expression as compared with the cells treated with LPS alone. Meloxicam attenuated the inhibitory effect of the Nrf2 pathway and the phosphorylation levels of p65 and IκBα caused by LPS. In conclusion, meloxicam alone had no effect on BEEC, but prevented oxidative stress and inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated BEEC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Wenjie Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Kangjun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Long Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 220559, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agriproduct Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Assessment of selected immunological parameters in dairy cows with naturally occurring mycotoxicosis before and after the application of a mycotoxin deactivator. J Vet Res 2023; 67:105-113. [PMID: 37008772 PMCID: PMC10062043 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Mycotoxins in dairy cows can cause many non-specific symptoms often resulting from immune system overreaction. The study assessed the concentration of selected cytokines and acute phase proteins (APP) in cows with natural mycotoxicosis before and after using a mycotoxin neutraliser. The cytokines were tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10), and the APP were serum amyloid A (SAA) and haptoglobin (Hp).
Material and Methods
The research was carried out on an experimental group (Exp) of 10 herdmate Holstein-Friesian cows with mycotoxicosis. The control group (Con) was 10 healthy cows of the same breed from a different herd. Cows in the Exp group were administered the mycotoxin deactivator Mycofix for three months. Blood was drawn from Exp cows once before administering Mycofix and a second time after three months of its use. Blood was also drawn from Con cows at the same times. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, SAA and Hp were assessed using ELISA.
Results
The concentrations of all cytokines and Hp in Exp cows were higher before treatment (P < 0.001) than those in Con cows. After three months of administering Mycofix, the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower than their pre-treatment levels (P < 0.001). The concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, and Hp were still significantly higher than those in the Con group (P < 0.001). In cows with mycotoxicosis, simultaneous stimulation of antagonistic processes was noted: a pro-inflammatory process in the upregulation of TNF-α and IL-6, and an anti-inflammatory one in the upregulation of IL-10.
Conclusion
Despite the absorbent’s use and the resolution of clinical symptoms in Exp cows, high levels of IL-10 and Hp and IL-6 were maintained. Assessment of the level of cytokines and APP appears to be a useful and precise tool for the evaluation and application of the appropriate dose of the mycotoxin absorbent or the evaluation of its effectiveness.
Collapse
|
32
|
The Role of NF-κB in Endometrial Diseases in Humans and Animals: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032901. [PMID: 36769226 PMCID: PMC9917883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of genes of various proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines is controlled, among others, by the signaling pathway of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) superfamily of proteins, providing an impact on immune system functioning. The present review addresses the influence and role of the NF-κB pathway in the development and progression of most vital endometrial diseases in human and animal species. Immune modulation by NF-κB in endometritis, endometrosis, endometriosis, and carcinoma results in changes in cell migration, proliferation, and inflammation intensity in both the stroma and epithelium. In endometrial cells, the NF-κB signaling pathway may be activated by multiple stimuli, such as bacterial parts, cytokines, or hormones binding to specific receptors. The dysregulation of the immune system in response to NF-κB involves aberrant production of chemokines and cytokines, which plays a role in endometritis, endometriosis, endometrosis, and endometrial carcinoma. However, estrogen and progesterone influence on the reproductive tract always plays a major role in its regulation. Thus, sex hormones cannot be overlooked in endometrial disease physiopathology. While immune system dysregulation seems to be NF-κB-dependent, the hormone-independent and hormone-dependent regulation of NF-κB signaling in the endometrium should be considered in future studies. Future goals in this research should be a step up into clinical trials with compounds affecting NF-κB as treatment for endometrial diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
Molinari PCC, Davidson BD, Laporta J, Dahl GE, Sheldon IM, Bromfield JJ. Prepartum heat stress in dairy cows increases postpartum inflammatory responses in blood of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1464-1474. [PMID: 36460497 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Uterine diseases and heat stress (HS) are major challenges for the dairy cow. Heat stress alters host immune resilience, making cows more susceptible to the development of uterine disease. Although HS increases the incidence of uterine disease, the mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear. We hypothesize that evaporative cooling (CL) to alleviate HS in prepartum cows has carry-over effects on postpartum innate immunity. Nulliparous pregnant Holstein heifers were assigned to receive either forced CL that resulted in cool conditions (shade with water soakers and fans; n = 14) or to remain under HS conditions (barn shade only; n = 16) for 60 d prepartum. Postpartum, all cows were housed in a freestall barn equipped with shade, water soakers, and fans. Respiratory rate and rectal temperature during the prepartum period were greater in HS heifers compared with CL heifers, indicative of HS. Although milk production was decreased in HS cows compared with CL cows, the incidence of uterine disease and content of total or pathogenic bacteria in vaginal mucus on d 7 or d 21 postpartum was not affected by treatment. Whole blood was collected on d 21 and subjected to in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide-induced accumulation of IL-1β, IL-10, and MIP-1α was greater in blood collected from HS cows compared with CL cows. Our results imply that prepartum HS during late pregnancy has carry-over effects on postpartum innate immunity, which may contribute to the increased incidence of uterine disease observed in cows exposed to prepartum HS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jimena Laporta
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - Geoffrey E Dahl
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608
| | - I Martin Sheldon
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - John J Bromfield
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32608.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Köhne M, Hofbauer L, Böttcher D, Tönissen A, Hegger A, Görgens A, Ulrich R, Sieme H. Comparison of systemic trimethoprim-sulfadimethoxine treatment and intrauterine ozone application as possible therapies for bacterial endometritis in equine practice. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1102149. [PMID: 36777673 PMCID: PMC9911668 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endometritis is one of the major problems in equine reproduction and usually treated with antimicrobial drugs. The study aimed to compare the effects of intrauterine ozone application and systemic antibiotic treatment (trimethoprim-sulfadimethoxine) on intrauterine bacterial growth and possible side effects on the endometrium in a clinical setting. Mares (n = 30) with signs of endometritis (positive uterine bacterial culture and cytological findings) were assigned randomly to different treatments: intrauterine insufflation of an ozone-air-mix (240 ml, 80 μg ozone/ml) twice at a 48 h-interval (Ozone; n = 10), systemic antibiotic therapy with trimethoprim-sulfadimethoxine (30 mg/kg, p.o., twice daily) for 5 days (TMS; n = 10), or intrauterine insufflation of air (240 ml, sterile-filtered) twice at a 48 h-interval (air; n = 10). Endometrial biopsy for histological examination was obtained before the treatment. Histological examination revealed no differences among groups. A control examination, including transrectal ultrasound, bacterial culture, cytological evaluation, and biopsy, was performed 7 days after the last treatment. Overall bacterial growth was reduced in every group after the treatment (p < 0.05), irrespective of the therapy [Ozone: 4/9 (positive culture after treatment/number of mares), TMS: 3/10 and Air: 6/10; p > 0.05]. However, Ozone and TMS (p < 0.05) were more effective in reducing growth of gram-negative bacteria as compared to Air (p > 0.05). No effects on the number of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (cytology) were observed (p > 0.05). In conclusion, trimethoprim-sulfadimethoxine and intrauterine ozone insufflation are safe treatment options for bacterial endometritis in mares but the efficacy of both treatments in reducing bacterial growth did not result in a complete absence of intrauterine bacterial growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Köhne
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine – Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany,*Correspondence: Martin Köhne ✉
| | - Lisa Hofbauer
- Clinic for Horses Mühlen, Steinfeld (Oldenburg), Germany
| | - Denny Böttcher
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Tönissen
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine – Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Hegger
- Clinic for Horses Mühlen, Steinfeld (Oldenburg), Germany
| | | | - Reiner Ulrich
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harald Sieme
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine – Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang Z, Huang S, Xue Z, Gao K, Sun M, Wang A, Lin P, Jin Y. UFM1 inhibits the activation of the pyroptosis in LPS-induced goat endometritis. Theriogenology 2023; 196:50-58. [PMID: 36395577 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infertility, abortion, and stillbirth caused by endometritis are the main factors affecting fertility in ruminants. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation is the main cause of endometritis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway and pyroptosis play an important role in the inflammation, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Previous studies have reported that UFMylation, a ubiquitin-like post-translational modifier, plays an important regulatory role in inflammation via the TLR4 pathway; however, its relationship with pyroptosis is still unclear. Our result showed that LPS induced inflammation by activating the TLR4 pathway and pyroptosis in goat endometrial epithelial cells (gEECs). We also found that TAK-242,a specific inhibitor of the TLR4 pathway, inhibited the pyroptosis pathway. In addition, with an increased LPS treatment time, ubiquitin-folding modifier factor 1 (UFM1) conjugated proteins were highly expressed in gEECs. Moreover, overexpression of UFM1 inhibited LPS-induced activation of the TLR4 pathway and pyroptosis, whereas si-UFM1 produced contrasting results. After inhibiting the TLR4 pathway, si-UFM1 could not upregulate the expression of nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3), cleavage caspase-1, or cleavage gasdermin D (GSDMD). In conclusion, these results suggest that UFM1 inhibits pyroptosis activation in LPS-induced gEECs through the TLR4 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongqiang Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kangkang Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Pengfei Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang K, Wang K, Wang J, Yu F, Ye C. Protective Effect of Clostridium butyricum on Escherichia coli-Induced Endometritis in Mice via Ameliorating Endometrial Barrier and Inhibiting Inflammatory Response. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0328622. [PMID: 36321897 PMCID: PMC9769554 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03286-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is a common reproductive disease occurs both in human and animals. Clostridium butyricum is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that can ferment various carbohydrates into butyric acid. In this study, we investigated the effects of C. butyricum on Escherichia coli-induced endometritis and clarified the underlying mechanism. We first verified the protective effect of C. butyricum in vivo by establishing a mouse model of E. coli-induced endometritis. It was determined that C. butyricum pretreatment significantly reversed E. coli-induced uterine histopathological changes. Meanwhile, C. butyricum pretreatment significantly decreased the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA). We found that C. butyricum could inhibit TLR4-mediated phosphorylation of NF-κB and the activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC). Furthermore, C. butyricum significantly increased the expression of the tight junction proteins (TJPs) ZO-1, claudin-3, and occludin. Additionally, treatment with C. butyricum culture supernatant dramatically suppressed the degree of inflammation in the uterus, and inactivated C. butyricum did not exert a protective effect. We subsequently investigated butyrate levels in both the uterus and blood and observed a marked augment in the C. butyricum treatment group. Collectively, our data suggest that C. butyricum maintains epithelial barrier function and suppresses inflammatory response during E. coli-induced endometritis and that the protective effect of C. butyricum may be related to the production of butyrate. IMPORTANCE Endometritis is a common reproductive disease both in human and animals. It impairs female fertility by disrupting endometrial function. Antibiotics are widely used to treat endometritis in clinical practice, but the misuse of antibiotics often leads to antibiotic resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic agents to treat bacterial endometritis and overcome bacterial resistance. In this study, we found that C. butyricum could protect from E. coli-induced endometritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junrong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Cong Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kneidl AM, Marth CD, Kirsch S, Weber F, Zablotski Y, Helfrich AL, Schabmeyer ST, Schneider JK, Petzl W, Zerbe H, Meyerholz-Wohllebe MM. Is the IL1RA/IL1B Ratio a Suitable Biomarker for Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cows? Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233363. [PMID: 36496884 PMCID: PMC9737067 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The adequate expression of cytokines is essential for the prevention and healing of bovine endometrial inflammation. This study investigated the intra-uterine concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)1B and its antagonist IL1RA in cows with and without subclinical endometritis (SE). Samples were taken from 37 uteri at the abattoir and 26 uteri in vivo. Uterine secretion samples were classified as showing no signs of SE (SEneg; polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocyte (PMN) < 5%) or showing signs of SE (SEpos; PMN ≥ 5%). Concentrations and ratios for IL1B and IL1RA were measured using a commercial and a newly established AlphaLISA kit, respectively. In both groups, a higher concentration of IL1B was detected in the SEpos group compared with the SEneg group (abattoir: p = 0.027; in vivo p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the concentration of IL1RA (p > 0.05). In uterine secretion samples retrieved in vivo, a lower IL1RA/IL1B ratio was detected in the SEpos group compared with the SEneg group (p = 0.002). The results of this study highlight the important role of IL1B and IL1RA during endometritis and the potential of the IL1RA/IL1B ratio as a possible biomarker for SE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Kneidl
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Christina Deborah Marth
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-8001-2641
| | - Sandra Kirsch
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Frank Weber
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Anika Luzia Helfrich
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Simone Tamara Schabmeyer
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Julia Katharina Schneider
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Wolfram Petzl
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Holm Zerbe
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Marie Margarete Meyerholz-Wohllebe
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu J, Qiu R, Liu R, Song P, Lin P, Chen H, Zhou D, Wang A, Jin Y. Autophagy Mediates Escherichia Coli-Induced Cellular Inflammatory Injury by Regulating Calcium Mobilization, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214174. [PMID: 36430657 PMCID: PMC9698444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine endometritis is a reproductive disorder that is induced by mucus or purulent inflammation of the uterine mucosa. However, the intracellular control chain during inflammatory injury remains unclear. In the present study, we found that E. coli activated the inflammatory response through the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome and activation of the NF-κB p65 subunit in primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs). Infection with E. coli also led to an abnormal increase in cytoplasmic calcium and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, live-cell imaging of calcium reporters indicated that the increase in cytosolic calcium mainly was caused by the release of Ca2+ ions stored in the ER and mitochondria, which was independent of extracellular calcium. Cytoplasmic calcium regulates mitochondrial respiratory chain transmission, DNA replication, and biogenesis. Pretreatment with NAC, BAPTA-AM, or 2-APB reduced the expression of IL-1β and IL-18. Moreover, ERS was involved in the regulation of bovine endometritis and cytosolic calcium was an important factor for regulating ERS in E. coli-induced inflammation. Finally, activation of autophagy inhibited the release of IL-1β and IL-18, cytochrome c, ATP, ERS-related proteins, and cytoplasmic calcium. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that autophagy mediated E. coli-induced cellular inflammatory injury by regulating cytoplasmic calcium, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ERS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yaping Jin
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-29-8709-1802
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Role of Genital Tract Bacteria in Promoting Endometrial Health in Cattle. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112238. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota regulate endometrial health in cattle. It is important to know what a ‘good’ microbiome is, in order to understand pathogeneses of uterine disease. Given that microbial influx into the genital tract of cows at calving is unavoidable, exploring the involvement of genital tract bacteria in promoting endometrial health is warranted. The dysbiosis of endometrial microbiota is associated with benign and malign uterine diseases. The present review discusses current knowledge about the altered endometrial microbiome and the implications of this modulation on endometrial inflammation, ovarian activity, fecundation, pregnancy, and postpartum complications. Intravaginal administration of symbiotic microbes in cattle is a realistic alternative to antibiotic and hormone therapy to treat uterine disease. Genital microbial diversity can be modeled by nutrition, as the energy balance would improve the growth of specific microbial populations. It may be that probiotics that alter the endometrial microbiome could provide viable alternatives to existing therapies for uterine disease in cattle.
Collapse
|
40
|
Schmitt R, Pieper L, Borchardt S, Swinkels J, Gelfert CC, Staufenbiel R. Effects of a single transdermal administration of flunixin meglumine in early postpartum Holstein Friesian dairy cows: Part 2. Milk yield, culling risk, and reproductive performance. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:641-652. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
41
|
Clostridium butyricum and Its Culture Supernatant Alleviate the Escherichia coli-Induced Endometritis in Mice. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192719. [PMID: 36230459 PMCID: PMC9559394 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is a disease with a high incidence in dairy cows and causes great economic loss to milk production. This study examined the therapeutic effects of Clostridium butyricum and its culture supernatant on Escherichia coli-induced endometritis in mice. The results showed that Clostridium butyricum and its culture supernatant effectively suppressed inflammatory responses of uterine tissues, such as uterine morphological changes, pathological damage, and the production of inflammatory cytokines. Clostridium butyricum and its culture supernatant significantly decreased uterine microbial loads. In addition, Clostridium butyricum and its culture supernatant restored reproduction outcomes in Escherichia coli-induced endometritis mice. Western blot analysis showed that Clostridium butyricum and its culture supernatant suppressed the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Clostridium butyricum and its culture supernatant may occur through the anti-bacterial activity and regulation of the expression of NF-κB in the uterus. The anti-inflammatory effect of the culture supernatant of C. butyricum was slightly better than that of viable C. butyricum. Therefore, our experimental results showed that Clostridium butyricum culture supernatant may be an effective drug for treating endometritis.
Collapse
|
42
|
Oxidative Stress Induces Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cell Damage through Mitochondria-Dependent Pathways. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12182444. [PMID: 36139304 PMCID: PMC9495185 DOI: 10.3390/ani12182444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) count is the main diagnostic method of bovine endometritis. High neutrophil PMN counts in the endometrium of cows affected by endometritis suggest the involvement of oxidative stress among the causes of impaired fertility. The damage mechanism of oxidative stress on bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) is still unelucidated. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and graded endometritis in dairy uteri and the molecular mechanism of oxidative stress injury to BEECs. Our research showed that there was an imbalance of antioxidant stress in dairy cow uterine with endometritis, oxidative stress damaged dairy cow endometrial epithelial cells through mitochondria-dependent pathways. These findings may provide new insight into the therapeutic target of bovine endometrial cell injury. Abstract Bovine endometritis is a mucosal inflammation that is characterized by sustained polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration. Elevated PMN counts in the uterine discharge of dairy cows affected by endometritis suggest that oxidative stress may be among the causes of impaired fertility due to the condition. Nevertheless, the effects of oxidative stress-mediated endometritis in dairy cows largely remain uninvestigated. Therefore, fresh uterine tissue and uterine discharge samples were collected to diagnose the severity of endometritis according to the numbers of inflammatory cells in the samples. Twenty-six fresh uteri were classified into healthy, mild, moderate, and severe endometritis groups based on hematoxylin and eosin stain characteristics and the percentage of PMNs in discharge. BEECs were treated with graded concentrations of H2O2 from 50 μM to 200 μM in vitro as a model to explore the mechanism of oxidative stress during bovine graded endometritis. The expressions of antioxidant stress kinases were detected by quantitative fluorescence PCR to verify the oxidative stress level in uteri with endometritis. Reactive oxygen species were detected by fluorescence microscope, and inflammation-related mRNA expression increased significantly after H2O2 stimulation. Moreover, mRNA expression levels of antioxidant oxidative stress-related enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and mitochondrial membrane potential both decreased. Further investigation revealed that expression of the apoptosis regulator Bcl-2/Bax decreased, whereas expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-related proteins cytochrome c and caspase-3 increased in response to oxidative stress. Our results indicate that an imbalance exists between oxidation and antioxidation during bovine endometritis. Moreover, apoptosis induced in vitro by oxidative stress was characterized by mitochondrial damage in BEECs.
Collapse
|
43
|
Molinari PC, Dahl GE, Sheldon IM, Bromfield JJ. Effect of calving season on metritis incidence and bacterial content of the vagina in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2022; 191:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
44
|
Fang L, Cui L, Liu K, Shao X, Sun W, Li J, Wang H, Qian C, Li J, Dong J. Cortisol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in bovine endometrial stromal cells via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 133:104426. [PMID: 35452691 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bovine uterine infection is commonly caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli). Elevated concentrations of plasma cortisol have been reported in postpartum cows. However, the direct role of cortisol in the inflammatory response of bovine endometrial stromal cells (BESCs) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore the regulatory effect of cortisol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in BESCs. Both the primary and immortalized BESCs were used in this study. BESCs were treated with cortisol (5, 15, and 30 ng/mL) in the presence of LPS. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was detected using RT-qPCR. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The results revealed that cortisol downregulated the LPS-induced overexpression of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, COX-2, iNOS in BESCs. Moreover, cortisol inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation levels of IκB, p65, ERK1/2, JNK and p38, and p65 nuclear translocation in BESCs. These results indicated that cortisol inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory response in BESCs, which may be mediated by suppressing the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Luying Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Kangjun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Wenye Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Chen Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jianji Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| | - Junsheng Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang XZ, Song XJ, Liu C, Xing C, Wu T, Zhang Y, Su J, Hao JY, Chen XY, Zhang ZY, Li YH, Liu YY. Active components and molecular mechanism of Syringa oblata Lindl. in the treatment of endometritis based on pharmacology network prediction. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:885952. [PMID: 35937303 PMCID: PMC9355479 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.885952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic treatment of endometritis was limited by the inevitable antibiotic residues and risk of bacterial resistance. Therefore, the development of safe and effective strategies for endometritis treatment is urgently needed. Syringa oblata Lindl. (SOL) showed great pharmacological potential against endometritis. However, the active components and underlying mechanism of SOL for endometritis treatment remain indeterminate. In our study, the active components and possible molecular mechanism of SOL against endometritis were predicted through computer data mining and biological networks construction. It was predicted that the main active components of SOL were luteolin, kaempferol, oleanolic acid, and rutin, and their anti-endometritis effect was mainly attributed to the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway. Furthermore, a green and efficient deep eutectic solvent combined with ultrasound-assisted extraction (DES-UAE) was performed and optimized to obtain high contents of total flavonoid, rutin, and luteolin. The four predicted active components in the SOL extracts were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by LC/MS and HPLC. Finally, the pharmacological effects of SOL and active components have been verified by Staphylococcus aureus-endometritis models in mice. H&E staining and bacterial load in uterus tissues assays initially validated the pharmacodynamic effects of SOL, and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and ELISA results confirmed that SOL and four active components could ameliorate the uterus injury caused by Staphylococcus aureus, the mechanism of action is related to the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhen Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Song
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Xing
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Su
- Heilongjiang Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Harbin, China
| | - Jing-You Hao
- Harbin Lvda Sheng Animal Medicine Manufacture Co., Ltd., Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Ying Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Yan Liu
| | - Yan-Yan Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Yan-Hua Li
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Horlock AD, Ormsby TJR, Clift MJD, Santos JEP, Bromfield JJ, Sheldon IM. Cholesterol supports bovine granulosa cell inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide. Reproduction 2022; 164:109-123. [PMID: 35900358 DOI: 10.1530/rep-22-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
During bacterial infections of the bovine uterus or mammary gland, ovarian granulosa cells mount inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vitro, LPS stimulates granulosa cell secretion of the cytokines IL-1α and IL-1β, and the chemokine IL-8. These LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses depend on culturing granulosa cells with serum, but the mechanism is unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that cholesterol supports inflammatory responses to LPS in bovine granulosa cells. We used granulosa cells isolated from 4-8 mm and > 8.5 mm diameter ovarian follicles and manipulated the availability of cholesterol. We found that serum or follicular fluid containing cholesterol increased LPS-stimulated secretion of IL-1α and IL-1β from granulosa cells. Conversely, depleting cholesterol using methyl-β-cyclodextrin diminished LPS-stimulated secretion of IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-8 from granulosa cells cultured in serum. Follicular fluid contained more high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and granulosa cells expressed the receptor for high-density lipoprotein, scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1). Furthermore, culturing granulosa cells with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not low-density lipoprotein or very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased LPS-stimulated inflammation in granulosa cells. Cholesterol biosynthesis also played a role in granulosa cell inflammation because RNA interference of mevalonate pathway enzymes inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammation. Finally, treatment with follicle-stimulating hormone, but not luteinizing hormone, increased LPS-stimulated granulosa cell inflammation, and follicle-stimulating hormone increased SCARB1 protein. However, changes in inflammation were not associated with changes in oestradiol or progesterone secretion. Taken together these findings imply that cholesterol supports inflammatory responses to LPS in granulosa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Horlock
- A Horlock, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Thomas J R Ormsby
- T Ormsby, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Martin J D Clift
- M Clift, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jose E P Santos
- J Santos, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - John J Bromfield
- J Bromfield, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Iain Martin Sheldon
- I Sheldon, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Witkowska D, Ponieważ A. The Effect of Housing System on Disease Prevalence and Productive Lifespan of Dairy Herds-A Case Study. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131610. [PMID: 35804508 PMCID: PMC9264999 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Selected technological solutions can impact health status of animals. The aim of this case study was to determine the effect of different housing systems on disease prevalence and the productive lifespan of dairy cows. In total, 480 cows kept indoors on one farm in four buildings using four different housing systems (a free-stall barn with a slatted floor; a free-stall barn with a self-cleaning floor; an open-pack barn with deep litter; a tie-stall barn with shallow litter) were analyzed. The data from 6 years, based on veterinary reports, were processed statistically in Statistica 13.00. The study demonstrated that the average productive lifespan was longer (p ≤ 0.01), by up to more than 8 months, in the system with deep litter, which was also characterized by the lowest disease prevalence (p ≤ 0.01), especially foot and some reproductive disorders. This trend was maintained in each year of the study period (2015-2020). In the tie-stall barn, the prevalence of mastitis was reduced, but the risk of lameness, retained placenta, parturient paresis and displaced abomasum was higher in this system (p ≤ 0.01). Overall morbidity was highest in the free-stall barns. Lower morbidity was associated with an increase in productive herd life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Witkowska
- Department of Animal and Environmental Hygiene, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aneta Ponieważ
- Department of Animal and Environmental Hygiene, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
IFN-τ mediated miR-26a targeting PTEN to activate PI3K/AKT signalling to alleviate the inflammatory damage of bEECs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9410. [PMID: 35672341 PMCID: PMC9174273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometritis is the failure of embryo implantation and an important cause of infertility in dairy cows. IFN-τ is a type I interferon unique to ruminants. In regulating the process of inflammatory response, IFN-τ can be expressed through MicroRNAs (miRNAs) to regulate the process of inflammation. However, IFN-τ regulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury of bEECs through the highly conserved miR-26a in mammals, and the mechanism remains unclear. Bovine endometrial epithelial cells (bEECs)were isolated and cultured to establish an inflammatory injury model. RT–qPCR and ELISA were used to detect the secretion of inflammatory factors. Dual-luciferase assays and target gene silencing assays determine the regulatory role of miRNAs. The target protein was detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting. This study showed that the expression of miR-26a was significantly down-regulated in mouse endometrium inflammatory injury tissue and LPS stimulated bEECs; and IFN-τ reversed the expression of miR-26a. The study also showed that the overexpression of miR-26a significantly inhibited the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, studies have shown that miR-26a inhibits its translation by targeting PTEN 3′-UTR, which in turn activates the Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway, so that nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling is inhibited. In summary, the results of this study further confirm that IFN-τ as an anti-inflammatory agent can up-regulate the expression of miR-26a and target the PTEN gene to inhibit the inflammatory damage of bEECs.
Collapse
|
49
|
Effect of retained placenta and clinical mastitis on reproduction parameters, immune response, and steroidogenic receptors gene expression in postpartum crossbred dairy cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:180. [PMID: 35522378 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of retained placenta (RP) and clinical mastitis (CM) on the reproductive efficiency of crossbred dairy cows during the postpartum period and the effect in some innate immune system indicators. For this, two experiments were carried out. In the first, a total of 232 cows were evaluated and divided as: healthy control (n = 184), RP (n = 22), and CM (n = 26) groups. The RP and CM was evaluated until 30 days postpartum (DPP) and reproductive rates were measured. In experiment 2, cows were divided in control (n = 10), RP (n = 10), and CM (n = 30) groups. Between 40 and 50 DPP, clinical, gynecological examination and endometrial cytobrush were performed to evaluate subclinical endometritis (SE) and gene expression of interleukins 1β (IL-1β) and 6 (IL-6), chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), estrogen α (ESR1), and progesterone (PGR) receptors by qRT-PCR analysis. In experiment 1, the conception rate at 1st artificial insemination (AI) was lower in RP and CM groups and pregnancy rate at 150 days decreased in CM group. Calving-to-1st AI interval and days open were shorter in healthy cows. In experiment 2, the occurrence of SE was 26.7% and higher in RP and CM groups. The expression of IL-1β increased in RP and CM groups, while IL-6 was less expressed in RP group. The CCL5, ESR1, and PGR were similar between groups. In conclusion, cows with RP and CM had their reproductive efficiency negatively affected and had they initial pro-inflammatory response improved by the increase of IL-β.
Collapse
|
50
|
Diaz-Lundahl S, Heringstad B, Garmo RT, Gillund P, Krogenæs AK. Heritability of subclinical endometritis in Norwegian Red cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5946-5953. [PMID: 35525611 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Subclinical endometritis (SCE) is highly prevalent in dairy cows, causing negative effects on reproductive outcomes and the producer economy. Genetic selection for animals with better resilience against uterine disease should be prioritized due to both sustainability and animal welfare. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to estimate the heritability of SCE in the Norwegian Red (NR) population. Moreover, future perspectives of the condition as a fertility phenotype for breeding are discussed. A total of 1,642 NR cows were sampled for SCE at the time of artificial insemination, using cytotape. The percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) in each sample was established by cytology, through the counting of 300 PMN and epithelial cells. The mean percentage of PMN was 5%. Different trait definitions were examined, and SCE was defined as binary traits, based on the following cut-off levels of PMN: Cyto0 = PMN >0, Cyto3 = PMN >3%, Cyto5 = PMN >5%, Cyto10 = PMN >10%, and Cyto20 = PMN >20%. The mean ranged from 0.07 (Cyto20) to 0.59 (Cyto0). We also analyzed PMN as a continuous variable using percent PMN. Information on the animals and herds was obtained from the Norwegian Dairy Herd Recording System. The pedigree of cows with data included a total of 24,066 animals. A linear animal model was used to estimate the heritability. The only trait definition that had an estimated genetic variance larger than the standard error was Cyto5, with an estimated heritability of 0.04. For all other definitions, the genetic variance was not significantly different from zero. A cut-off level of 5% PMN has been established as a general threshold for the definition of SCE in earlier literature. The standard errors of the estimated variance components were relatively large, and results should be interpreted with caution. However, the current study indicates that SCE is heritable at a similar level to that of clinical endometritis and metritis, and has potential as a future fertility phenotype to be used for breeding purposes. A more feasible method to diagnose SCE is needed to establish larger data sets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Diaz-Lundahl
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - B Heringstad
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway; Geno Breeding and AI Association, 2317 Hamar, Norway
| | | | - P Gillund
- Geno Breeding and AI Association, 2317 Hamar, Norway
| | - A K Krogenæs
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|