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Zhang S, Ma D, Wang K, Li Y, Yang Z, Li X, Li J, He J, Mei L, Ye Y, Chen Z, Shen J, Hou P, Guo J, Zhang Q, Yang H. A small-molecule activation mechanism that directly opens the KCNQ2 channel. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:847-856. [PMID: 38167918 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Pharmacological activation of voltage-gated ion channels by ligands serves as the basis for therapy and mainly involves a classic gating mechanism that augments the native voltage-dependent open probability. Through structure-based virtual screening, we identified a new scaffold compound, Ebio1, serving as a potent and subtype-selective activator for the voltage-gated potassium channel KCNQ2 and featuring a new activation mechanism. Single-channel patch-clamp, cryogenic-electron microscopy and molecular dynamic simulations, along with chemical derivatives, reveal that Ebio1 engages the KCNQ2 activation by generating an extended channel gate with a larger conductance at the saturating voltage (+50 mV). This mechanism is different from the previously observed activation mechanism of ligands on voltage-gated ion channels. Ebio1 caused S6 helices from residues S303 and F305 to perform a twist-to-open movement, which was sufficient to open the KCNQ2 gate. Overall, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the activation of KCNQ2 channel by Ebio1 and lend support for KCNQ-related drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Demin Ma
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenni Yang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junnan Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangnan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianghe Mei
- Suzhou Institute of Drug Innovation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Yangliang Ye
- Suzhou Institute of Drug Innovation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Zongsheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to East China Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Juwen Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Panpan Hou
- Dr Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jiangtao Guo
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qiansen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huaiyu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Zadeh AK, Raghuram H, Shrestha S, Kibreab M, Kathol I, Martino D, Pike GB, Pichardo S, Monchi O. The effect of transcranial ultrasound pulse repetition frequency on sustained inhibition in the human primary motor cortex: A double-blind, sham-controlled study. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:476-484. [PMID: 38621645 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation hold promise for inducing brain plasticity. However, their limited precision may hamper certain applications. In contrast, Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation (TUS), known for its precision and deep brain targeting capabilities, requires further investigation to establish its efficacy in producing enduring effects for treating neurological and psychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVE To investigate the enduring effects of different pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) of TUS on motor corticospinal excitability. METHODS T1-, T2-weighted, and zero echo time magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 21 neurologically healthy participants for neuronavigation, skull reconstruction, and the performance of transcranial ultrasound and thermal modelling. The effects of three different TUS PRFs (10, 100, and 1000 Hz) with a constant duty cycle of 10 % on corticospinal excitability in the primary motor cortex were assessed using TMS-induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs). Each PRF and sham condition was evaluated on separate days, with measurements taken 5-, 30-, and 60-min post-TUS. RESULTS A significant decrease in MEP amplitude was observed with a PRF of 10 Hz (p = 0.007), which persisted for at least 30 min, and with a PRF of 100 Hz (p = 0.001), lasting over 60 min. However, no significant changes were found for the PRF of 1000 Hz and the sham conditions. CONCLUSION This study highlights the significance of PRF selection in TUS and underscores its potential as a non-invasive approach to reduce corticospinal excitability, offering valuable insights for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali K Zadeh
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | | | - Shirshak Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mekale Kibreab
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Iris Kathol
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Davide Martino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - G Bruce Pike
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Samuel Pichardo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Oury Monchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Université de Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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3
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Graf IR, Machta BB. A bifurcation integrates information from many noisy ion channels and allows for milli-Kelvin thermal sensitivity in the snake pit organ. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2308215121. [PMID: 38294944 PMCID: PMC10861916 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308215121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In various biological systems, information from many noisy molecular receptors must be integrated into a collective response. A striking example is the thermal imaging organ of pit vipers. Single nerve fibers in the organ reliably respond to milli-Kelvin (mK) temperature increases, a thousand times more sensitive than their molecular sensors, thermo-transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels. Here, we propose a mechanism for the integration of this molecular information. In our model, amplification arises due to proximity to a dynamical bifurcation, separating a regime with frequent and regular action potentials (APs), from a regime where APs are irregular and infrequent. Near the transition, AP frequency can have an extremely sharp dependence on temperature, naturally accounting for the thousand-fold amplification. Furthermore, close to the bifurcation, most of the information about temperature available in the TRP channels' kinetics can be read out from the times between consecutive APs even in the presence of readout noise. A key model prediction is that the coefficient of variation in the distribution of interspike times decreases with AP frequency, and quantitative comparison with experiments indeed suggests that nerve fibers of snakes are located very close to the bifurcation. While proximity to such bifurcation points typically requires fine-tuning of parameters, we propose that having feedback act from the order parameter (AP frequency) onto the control parameter robustly maintains the system in the vicinity of the bifurcation. This robustness suggests that similar feedback mechanisms might be found in other sensory systems which also need to detect tiny signals in a varying environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin B. Machta
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
- Quantitative Biology Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT06511
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4
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García-Morales A, Pulido NO, Balleza D. Relation between flexibility and intrinsically disorder regions in thermosensitive TRP channels reveal allosteric effects. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2024; 53:77-90. [PMID: 37777680 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-023-01682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
How a protein propagates the conformational changes throughout its structure remains largely unknown. In thermosensitive TRP channels, this allosteric communication is triggered by ligand interaction or in response to temperature changes. Because dynamic allostery suggests a dynamic role of disordered regions, in this work we set out to thoroughly evaluate these regions in six thermosensitive TRP channels. Thus, by contrasting the intrinsic flexibility of the transmembrane region as a function of the degree of disorder in those proteins, we discovered several residues that do not show a direct correlation in both parameters. This kind of structural discrepancy revealed residues that are either reported to be dynamic, functionally relevant or are involved in signal propagation and probably part of allosteric networks. These discrepant, potentially dynamic regions are not exclusive of TRP channels, as this same correlation was found in the Kv Shaker channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail García-Morales
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Calz. Miguel Angel de Quevedo 2779 Col Formando Hogar, 91897, Veracruz, Ver, Mexico
| | - Nancy O Pulido
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Daniel Balleza
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos, Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Calz. Miguel Angel de Quevedo 2779 Col Formando Hogar, 91897, Veracruz, Ver, Mexico.
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5
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Astore MA, Pradhan AS, Thiede EH, Hanson SM. Protein dynamics underlying allosteric regulation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2024; 84:102768. [PMID: 38215528 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Allostery is the mechanism by which information and control are propagated in biomolecules. It regulates ligand binding, chemical reactions, and conformational changes. An increasing level of experimental resolution and control over allosteric mechanisms promises a deeper understanding of the molecular basis for life and powerful new therapeutics. In this review, we survey the literature for an up-to-date biological and theoretical understanding of protein allostery. By delineating five ways in which the energy landscape or the kinetics of a system may change to give rise to allostery, we aim to help the reader grasp its physical origins. To illustrate this framework, we examine three systems that display these forms of allostery: allosteric inhibitors of beta-lactamases, thermosensation of TRP channels, and the role of kinetic allostery in the function of kinases. Finally, we summarize the growing power of computational tools available to investigate the different forms of allostery presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miro A Astore
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA; Center for Computational Mathematics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA. https://twitter.com/@miroastore
| | - Akshada S Pradhan
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erik H Thiede
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA; Center for Computational Mathematics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sonya M Hanson
- Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA; Center for Computational Mathematics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Sanganna Gari RR, Tagiltsev G, Pumroy RA, Jiang Y, Blackledge M, Moiseenkova-Bell VY, Scheuring S. Intrinsically disordered regions in TRPV2 mediate protein-protein interactions. Commun Biol 2023; 6:966. [PMID: 37736816 PMCID: PMC10516966 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are gated by diverse intra- and extracellular stimuli leading to cation inflow (Na+, Ca2+) regulating many cellular processes and initiating organismic somatosensation. Structures of most TRP channels have been solved. However, structural and sequence analysis showed that ~30% of the TRP channel sequences, mainly the N- and C-termini, are intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). Unfortunately, very little is known about IDR 'structure', dynamics and function, though it has been shown that they are essential for native channel function. Here, we imaged TRPV2 channels in membranes using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM). The dynamic single molecule imaging capability of HS-AFM allowed us to visualize IDRs and revealed that N-terminal IDRs were involved in intermolecular interactions. Our work provides evidence about the 'structure' of the TRPV2 IDRs, and that the IDRs may mediate protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grigory Tagiltsev
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ruth A Pumroy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute of Structural Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yining Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Cell & Developmental Biology, and Molecular Biology (BCMB) Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, USA
| | - Martin Blackledge
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Vera Y Moiseenkova-Bell
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute of Structural Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Simon Scheuring
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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7
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Sun Y, Wang H, Wang W, Lu J, Zhang J, Luo X, Luan L, Wang K, Jia J, Yan J, Qin L. Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus play key roles in menopausal hot flashes. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:993955. [PMID: 36313017 PMCID: PMC9614233 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.993955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During menopause, when estrogen levels are low, abnormalities in the hypothalamic preoptic area (POA) of the thermoregulatory center can cause hot flashes. However, the involved neural population has not been identified. Proteomics showed that under low estrogen, differentially expressed proteins in the hypothalamus were associated with glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. RNAscope, Western blotting and qRT-PCR indicated that the number of glutamatergic neurons in the POA was decreased, while the number of GABAergic neurons was increased. Chemogenetics showed that the rat body temperature decreased slowly after glutamatergic neurons were activated and increased quickly after glutamatergic neurons were inhibited, while it increased quickly after GABAergic neurons were activated and decreased slowly after GABAergic neurons were inhibited. RNAscope, immunofluorescence, Western blotting and qRT-PCR further showed that glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 1 expression in the POA was increased, while GAD2 expression in the POA was decreased; that thermosensitive transient receptor potential protein (ThermoTRP) M (TRPM) 2 expression in glutamatergic neurons was decreased, while TRPM8 expression in GABAergic neurons was increased; and that estrogen receptor (ER) α and β expression in the POA was decreased, and ERα and ERβ expressed in both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Estrogen therapy corrected these abnormalities. In addition, CUT&Tag and Western blot after injection of agonists and inhibitors of ERs showed that ERα and ERβ were both transcription factors in glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. Mechanistically, during menopause, estrogen may regulate the transcription and expression of GADs and ThermoTRPs through ERs, impacting the number and function of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons, resulting in unbalanced heat dissipation and production in the POA and ultimately triggering hot flashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hanfei Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Liju Luan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Jing Jia,
| | - Junhao Yan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Junhao Yan,
| | - Lihua Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lihua Qin,
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8
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Cabezas-Bratesco D, Mcgee FA, Colenso CK, Zavala K, Granata D, Carnevale V, Opazo JC, Brauchi SE. Sequence and structural conservation reveal fingerprint residues in TRP channels. eLife 2022; 11:73645. [PMID: 35686986 PMCID: PMC9242649 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins are a large family of cation-selective channels, surpassed in variety only by voltage-gated potassium channels. Detailed molecular mechanisms governing how membrane voltage, ligand binding, or temperature can induce conformational changes promoting the open state in TRP channels are still a matter of debate. Aiming to unveil distinctive structural features common to the transmembrane domains within the TRP family, we performed phylogenetic reconstruction, sequence statistics, and structural analysis over a large set of TRP channel genes. Here, we report an exceptionally conserved set of residues. This fingerprint is composed of twelve residues localized at equivalent three-dimensional positions in TRP channels from the different subtypes. Moreover, these amino acids are arranged in three groups, connected by a set of aromatics located at the core of the transmembrane structure. We hypothesize that differences in the connectivity between these different groups of residues harbor the apparent differences in coupling strategies used by TRP subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco A Mcgee
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | - Charlotte K Colenso
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kattina Zavala
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniele Granata
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, United States
| | | | - Juan C Opazo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Yang Q, Sun Y, Wang W, Jia J, Bai W, Wang K, Wang Z, Luo X, Wang H, Qin L. Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 2 Thermosensitive Neurons in the Preoptic Area Involved in Menopausal Hot Flashes in Ovariectomized Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:649-665. [PMID: 34592740 DOI: 10.1159/000519949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Menopausal hot flashes are related to hypothalamic preoptic area (POA) dysfunction. Thermosensitive transient receptor potential channels (ThermoTRPs) are involved in temperature sensing and regulation of thermosensitive neurons (TSNs) in the POA. Whether ThermoTRP-TSNs in the POA, particularly the non-noxious thermoreceptor, transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2), are involved in the occurrence of hot flashes is still unclear. METHODS Twenty wild-type and 50 Trpm2-Cre adult female mice were randomly divided into sham (SHAM) and ovariectomy (OVX) groups. In the POA, ERα, ERβ, GPR30, TRPA1, TRPM8, TRPM2, and TRPV1 expression was detected by Western blot or/and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and the number of TSNs expressing TRPM2 (TRPM2-TSNs) by immunofluorescence. Before and after TRPM2-TSN activation/inhibition, back (BST) and tail skin temperature (TST) and the proportion of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons among TRPM2-TSNs were recorded. RESULTS Compared with SHAM, the expression of ERα, ERβ, TRPM2, and TRPM8 in the POA of the OVX group decreased, with a significantly larger change range for TRPM2 than TRPM8. In addition, the number of TRPM2-TSNs showing TRPA1, TRPM8, and TRPV1 expression in the OVX group decreased, and the proportion of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in TRPM2-TSNs decreased and increased, respectively. Meanwhile, BST and TST increased. After activating or inhibiting TRPM2-TSNs, the proportions of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in TRPM2-TSNs changed, along with the BST and TST. CONCLUSION In menopause, the abnormal quantity and function of TRPM2-TSNs in the POA is key for the development of hot flashes, characterized by an imbalance in heat dissipation and production due to the corresponding imbalance in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Key Laboratory of Digital Hepetobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanrong Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpei Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyue Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Brain Cognition and Brain Disease, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihua Qin
- Department of Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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10
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Timsit Y, Grégoire SP. Towards the Idea of Molecular Brains. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111868. [PMID: 34769300 PMCID: PMC8584932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
How can single cells without nervous systems perform complex behaviours such as habituation, associative learning and decision making, which are considered the hallmark of animals with a brain? Are there molecular systems that underlie cognitive properties equivalent to those of the brain? This review follows the development of the idea of molecular brains from Darwin’s “root brain hypothesis”, through bacterial chemotaxis, to the recent discovery of neuron-like r-protein networks in the ribosome. By combining a structural biology view with a Bayesian brain approach, this review explores the evolutionary labyrinth of information processing systems across scales. Ribosomal protein networks open a window into what were probably the earliest signalling systems to emerge before the radiation of the three kingdoms. While ribosomal networks are characterised by long-lasting interactions between their protein nodes, cell signalling networks are essentially based on transient interactions. As a corollary, while signals propagated in persistent networks may be ephemeral, networks whose interactions are transient constrain signals diffusing into the cytoplasm to be durable in time, such as post-translational modifications of proteins or second messenger synthesis. The duration and nature of the signals, in turn, implies different mechanisms for the integration of multiple signals and decision making. Evolution then reinvented networks with persistent interactions with the development of nervous systems in metazoans. Ribosomal protein networks and simple nervous systems display architectural and functional analogies whose comparison could suggest scale invariance in information processing. At the molecular level, the significant complexification of eukaryotic ribosomal protein networks is associated with a burst in the acquisition of new conserved aromatic amino acids. Knowing that aromatic residues play a critical role in allosteric receptors and channels, this observation suggests a general role of π systems and their interactions with charged amino acids in multiple signal integration and information processing. We think that these findings may provide the molecular basis for designing future computers with organic processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youri Timsit
- Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM110, 13288 Marseille, France
- Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergeant-Perthuis Grégoire
- Institut de Mathématiques de Jussieu—Paris Rive Gauche (IMJ-PRG), UMR 7586, CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France;
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11
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Thermodynamic and structural basis of temperature-dependent gating in TRP channels. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2211-2219. [PMID: 34623379 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms require detecting the environmental thermal clues for survival, allowing them to avoid noxious stimuli or find prey moving in the dark. In mammals, the Transient Receptor Potential ion channels superfamily is constituted by 27 polymodal receptors whose activity is controlled by small ligands, peptide toxins, protons and voltage. The thermoTRP channels subgroup exhibits unparalleled temperature dependence -behaving as heat and cold sensors. Functional studies have dissected their biophysical features in detail, and the advances of single-particle Cryogenic Electron microscopy provided the structural framework required to propose detailed channel gating mechanisms. However, merging structural and functional evidence for temperature-driven gating of thermoTRP channels has been a hard nut to crack, remaining an open question nowadays. Here we revisit the highlights on the study of heat and cold sensing in thermoTRP channels in the light of the structural data that has emerged during recent years.
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12
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Luu DD, Owens AM, Mebrat MD, Van Horn WD. A molecular perspective on identifying TRPV1 thermosensitive regions and disentangling polymodal activation. Temperature (Austin) 2021; 10:67-101. [PMID: 37187836 PMCID: PMC10177694 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2021.1983354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV1 is a polymodal receptor ion channel that is best known to function as a molecular thermometer. It is activated in diverse ways, including by heat, protons (low pH), and vanilloid compounds, such as capsaicin. In this review, we summarize molecular studies of TRPV1 thermosensing, focusing on the cross-talk between heat and other activation modes. Additional insights from TRPV1 isoforms and non-rodent/non-human TRPV1 ortholog studies are also discussed in this context. While the molecular mechanism of heat activation is still emerging, it is clear that TRPV1 thermosensing is modulated allosterically, i.e., at a distance, with contributions from many distinct regions of the channel. Similarly, current studies identify cross-talk between heat and other TRPV1 activation modes, such as protons and capsaicin, and that these modes can generally be selectively disentangled. In aggregate, this suggests that future TRPV1 molecular studies should define allosteric pathways and provide mechanistic insight, thereby enabling mode-selective manipulation of the polymodal receptor. These advances are anticipated to have significant implications in both basic and applied biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin D. Luu
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- The Biodesign Institute Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics,Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona,USA
| | - Aerial M. Owens
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- The Biodesign Institute Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics,Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona,USA
| | - Mubark D. Mebrat
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- The Biodesign Institute Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics,Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona,USA
| | - Wade D. Van Horn
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- The Biodesign Institute Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics,Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona,USA
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13
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Zhao S, Rohacs T. The newest TRP channelopathy: Gain of function TRPM3 mutations cause epilepsy and intellectual disability. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:386-397. [PMID: 33853504 PMCID: PMC8057083 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1908781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 (TRPM3) is a Ca2+ permeable nonselective cation channel, activated by heat and chemical agonists, such as the endogenous neuro-steroid Pregnenolone Sulfate (PregS) and the chemical compound CIM0216. TRPM3 is expressed in peripheral sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and its role in noxious heat sensation in mice is well established. TRPM3 is also expressed in a number of other tissues, including the brain, but its role there has been largely unexplored. Recent reports showed that two mutations in TRPM3 are associated with a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, pointing to an important role of TRPM3 in the human brain. Subsequent reports found that the two disease-associated mutations increased basal channel activity, and sensitivity of the channel to activation by heat and chemical agonists. This review will discuss these mutations in the context of human diseases caused by mutations in other TRP channels, and in the context of the biophysical properties and physiological functions of TRPM3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Tibor Rohacs
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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14
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Goretzki B, Guhl C, Tebbe F, Harder JM, Hellmich UA. Unstructural Biology of TRP Ion Channels: The Role of Intrinsically Disordered Regions in Channel Function and Regulation. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166931. [PMID: 33741410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first genuine high-resolution single particle cryo-electron microscopy structure of a membrane protein determined was a transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel, TRPV1, in 2013. This methodical breakthrough opened up a whole new world for structural biology and ion channel aficionados alike. TRP channels capture the imagination due to the sheer endless number of tasks they carry out in all aspects of animal physiology. To date, structures of at least one representative member of each of the six mammalian TRP channel subfamilies as well as of a few non-mammalian families have been determined. These structures were instrumental for a better understanding of TRP channel function and regulation. However, all of the TRP channel structures solved so far are incomplete since they miss important information about highly flexible regions found mostly in the channel N- and C-termini. These intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) can represent between a quarter to almost half of the entire protein sequence and act as important recruitment hubs for lipids and regulatory proteins. Here, we analyze the currently available TRP channel structures with regard to the extent of these "missing" regions and compare these findings to disorder predictions. We discuss select examples of intra- and intermolecular crosstalk of TRP channel IDRs with proteins and lipids as well as the effect of splicing and post-translational modifications, to illuminate their importance for channel function and to complement the prevalently discussed structural biology of these versatile and fascinating proteins with their equally relevant 'unstructural' biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Goretzki
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Charlotte Guhl
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; TransMED - Mainz Research School of Translational Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frederike Tebbe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jean-Martin Harder
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ute A Hellmich
- Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Centre for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; TransMED - Mainz Research School of Translational Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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15
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Jiang Y, Idikuda V, Chowdhury S, Chanda B. Activation of the archaeal ion channel MthK is exquisitely regulated by temperature. eLife 2020; 9:e59055. [PMID: 33274718 PMCID: PMC7717905 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological response to thermal stimuli in mammals is mediated by a structurally diverse class of ion channels, many of which exhibit polymodal behavior. To probe the diversity of biophysical mechanisms of temperature-sensitivity, we characterized the temperature-dependent activation of MthK, a two transmembrane calcium-activated potassium channel from thermophilic archaebacteria. Our functional complementation studies show that these channels are more efficient at rescuing K+ transport at 37°C than at 24°C. Electrophysiological activity of the purified MthK is extremely sensitive (Q10 >100) to heating particularly at low-calcium concentrations whereas channels lacking the calcium-sensing RCK domain are practically insensitive. By analyzing single-channel activities at limiting calcium concentrations, we find that temperature alters the coupling between the cytoplasmic RCK domains and the pore domain. These findings reveal a hitherto unexplored mechanism of temperature-dependent regulation of ion channel gating and shed light on ancient origins of temperature-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases (CIMED)St. LouisUnited States
| | - Vinay Idikuda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases (CIMED)St. LouisUnited States
| | - Sandipan Chowdhury
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases (CIMED)St. LouisUnited States
| | - Baron Chanda
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases (CIMED)St. LouisUnited States
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16
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Jeon YK, Choi SW, Kwon JW, Woo J, Choi SW, Kim SJ, Kim SJ. Thermosensitivity of the voltage-dependent activation of calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (calhm1) ion channel. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:590-596. [PMID: 33199024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (calhm1) proteins form an outwardly rectifying nonselective ion channel having exceedingly slow kinetics and low sensitivity to voltage that is shifted by lowering extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]e). Here we found that physiological temperature dramatically facilitates the voltage-dependent activation of the calhm1 current (Icalhm1); increased amplitude (Q10, 7-15) and fastened speed of activation. Also, the leftward shift of the half-activation voltage (V1/2) was similary observed in the normal and lower [Ca2+]e. Since calhm1 is highly expressed in the brain and taste cells, the thermosensitivity should be considered in their electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Keul Jeon
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Won Choi
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohan Woo
- Department of Physiology and Ion Channel Disease Research Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Woo Choi
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Molecular Cloning and Expression Profiles of Thermosensitive TRP Genes in Agasicles hygrophila. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11080531. [PMID: 32823776 PMCID: PMC7570112 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The increase of hot days with temperatures over 37 °C in southern China due to global warming has led to summer collapse of the alligator weed flea beetle, an introduced biological agent for the invasive alligator weed. To promote understanding of the beetle’s adaption/tolerance to hot temperatures, we obtained TRPA1, Painless, and Pyrexia, three thermosensitive transient receptor potential channel genes from the beetle, and analyzed their expression patterns across different developmental stages and hot temperatures. Their constitutive expressions were dramatically different from each other and stage-specific. As temperature increased, their expressions in eggs elevated to their peak levels at 30 or 37.5 °C, and then fell back to their preferred temperature levels at temperatures > their peak temperatures. These results imply that (1) they may have different and stage-specific roles in perceiving high temperatures/chemicals and mediating the corresponding responses; and (2) their expressions may be decoupled from their activation. These findings lay a foundation for further understanding of the summer collapse of the beetle. Abstract Global warming has gradually reduced the control efficacy of Agasicles hygrophila against the invasive weed Alternanthera philoxeroides. To better understand the summer collapse of A. hygrophila populations, we cloned the cDNA sequences of the high temperature-sensing TRPA1, Painless, and Pyrexia from A. hygrophila, and analyzed their temporal expressions and the impacts of high temperatures on their expression in eggs, the most vulnerable stage of A. hygrophila to hot temperatures. All the three genes obtained had the signature domains of TRPA channels and were constitutively expressed in eggs, larvae (L1, L2, L3), pupae, and adults, but AhPainless had the highest expression, followed by AhPyrexia, and AhTRPA1. The lowest and highest expression stages were adult and pupae for AhTRPA1, egg and L3 for AhPainless, and pupae/adult and L2 for AhPyrexia. The expressions of AhTRPA1, AhPainless, and AhPyrexia remained low at the preferred temperature range of 25–28 °C, elevated to their peak levels at 37.5, 30, and 30 °C, respectively, then fell to their 25–28 °C levels (AhTRPA1, AhPainless) or a lower level (AhPyrexia) at one or more temperatures >30 or 37.5 °C. These results suggest that their temperature-sensing roles and importance may be different, stage-specific, and their expression may be decoupled from their activation.
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18
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A folding reaction at the C-terminal domain drives temperature sensing in TRPM8 channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20298-20304. [PMID: 32747539 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004303117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, temperature-sensitive TRP channels make membrane conductance of cells extremely temperature dependent, allowing the detection of temperature ranging from noxious cold to noxious heat. We progressively deleted the distal carboxyl terminus domain (CTD) of the cold-activated melastatin receptor channel, TRPM8. We found that the enthalpy change associated with channel gating is proportional to the length of the CTD. Deletion of the last 36 amino acids of the CTD transforms TRPM8 into a reduced temperature-sensitivity channel (Q10 ∼4). Exposing the intracellular domain to a denaturing agent increases the energy required to open the channel indicating that cold drives channel gating by stabilizing the folded state of the CTD. Experiments in the presence of an osmoticant agent suggest that channel gating involves a change in solute-inaccessible volume in the CTD of ∼1,900 Å3 This volume matches the void space inside the coiled coil according to the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of TRPM8. The results indicate that a folding-unfolding reaction of a specialized temperature-sensitive structure is coupled to TRPM8 gating.
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19
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Duarte Y, Cáceres J, Sepúlveda RV, Arriagada D, Olivares P, Díaz-Franulic I, Stehberg J, González-Nilo F. Novel TRPV1 Channel Agonists With Faster and More Potent Analgesic Properties Than Capsaicin. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1040. [PMID: 32760273 PMCID: PMC7372189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel is a member of the family of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels that acts as a molecular detector of noxious signals in primary sensory neurons. Activated by capsaicin, heat, voltage and protons, it is also well known for its desensitization, which led to the medical use of topically applied TRPV1 agonist capsaicin for its long-lasting analgesic effects. Here we report three novel small molecules, which were identified using a Structure-Based Virtual Screening for TRPV1 from the ZINC database. The three compounds were tested using electrophysiological assays, which confirmed their capsaicin-like agonist activity. von Frey filaments were used to measure the analgesic effects of the compounds applied topically on tactile allodynia induced by intra-plantar carrageenan. All compounds had anti-nociceptive activity, but two of them showed faster and longer lasting analgesic effects than capsaicin. The present results suggest that TRPV1 agonists different from capsaicin could be used to develop topical analgesics with faster onset and more potent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorley Duarte
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Cáceres
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Romina V Sepúlveda
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Arriagada
- Laboratorio de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Olivares
- Laboratorio de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Díaz-Franulic
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jimmy Stehberg
- Laboratorio de Neurobiologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando González-Nilo
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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20
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Stasiulewicz A, Znajdek K, Grudzień M, Pawiński T, Sulkowska JI. A Guide to Targeting the Endocannabinoid System in Drug Design. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082778. [PMID: 32316328 PMCID: PMC7216112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is one of the most crucial systems in the human organism, exhibiting multi-purpose regulatory character. It is engaged in a vast array of physiological processes, including nociception, mood regulation, cognitive functions, neurogenesis and neuroprotection, appetite, lipid metabolism, as well as cell growth and proliferation. Thus, ECS proteins, including cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands’ synthesizing and degrading enzymes, are promising therapeutic targets. Their modulation has been employed in or extensively studied as a treatment of multiple diseases. However, due to a complex nature of ECS and its crosstalk with other biological systems, the development of novel drugs turned out to be a challenging task. In this review, we summarize potential therapeutic applications for ECS-targeting drugs, especially focusing on promising synthetic compounds and preclinical studies. We put emphasis on modulation of specific proteins of ECS in different pathophysiological areas. In addition, we stress possible difficulties and risks and highlight proposed solutions. By presenting this review, we point out information pivotal in the spotlight of ECS-targeting drug design, as well as provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on ECS-related pharmacodynamics and show possible directions for needed research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stasiulewicz
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.I.S.)
| | - Katarzyna Znajdek
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Grudzień
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Tomasz Pawiński
- Department of Drug Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (T.P.)
| | - Joanna I. Sulkowska
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biological Systems Modelling, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2c, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.I.S.)
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21
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Huang Y, Qu J, Li X, Wei F, Zhong J, Wu Y, Cai M, Gao X, Pearson JE, Shuai J. Anti-cross-correlation between the adjacent open and closed durations of Markovian channels. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:012418. [PMID: 32069561 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.012418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We show that a non-Markovian behavior can appear in a type of Markovian multimeric channel. Such a channel consists of N independent subunits, and each subunit has at least one open state and more than one closed state. Suppose the open state of the channel is defined as M out of N subunits in the open state with N>M>0. We show that, although the gating dynamics for each subunit between open and closed states is Markovian, the channel can show a memory behavior of weak anti-cross-correlation between the adjacent open and closed durations. Our study indicates that a non-Markovian binary time series can be obtained from a linear superposition of some independent channel subunits with Markovian gating dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Huang
- College of Computer Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinjin Zhong
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuning Wu
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Meichun Cai
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xuejuan Gao
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - John E Pearson
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Jianwei Shuai
- Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.,National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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22
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Structural basis of temperature sensation by the TRP channel TRPV3. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2019; 26:994-998. [PMID: 31636415 PMCID: PMC6858569 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-019-0318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We present structures of mouse TRPV3 in temperature-dependent open, closed and intermediate states that suggest two-step activation of TRPV3 by heat. During the strongly temperature-dependent first step, sensitization, the channel pore remains closed while S6 helices undergoe α-to-π transitions. During the weakly temperature-dependent second step, channel opening, tight association of the S1–S4 and pore domains is stabilized by changes in the C-terminal and linker domains.
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23
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Asymmetrical vibrational energy propagation through double or single bonds of small organic molecules. An ab-initio molecular dynamics study. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Benso B, Bustos D, Zarraga MO, Gonzalez W, Caballero J, Brauchi S. Chalcone derivatives as non-canonical ligands of TRPV1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 112:18-23. [PMID: 31026506 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a polymodal cation channel activated by heat, voltage, and ligands. Also known as the capsaicin receptor, TRPV1 is expressed in numerous tissues by different cell types, including peripheral sensory fibers where acts as a thermal and chemical detector in nociceptive pathways. TRPV1 channels are able to bind a wide range of ligands, including a number of vanilloid derivatives all modulating channel's activity. When expressed by sensory neurons, activation of TRPV1 channels by heat (>40 °C), capsaicin (sub-micromolar), or acid environment (pH < 6), causes depolarization leading to burning pain sensation in mammals. Naturally occurring chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones) have been reported as effective inhibitors of TRPV1. Their relatively simple chemical structure and the possibility for handy chemical modification make them attractive ligands for the treatment of peripheral pain. By taking advantage of the structural information available, here we discuss pharmacological properties of chalcones and their putative mechanism of binding to TRPV1 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Benso
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, RM, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Daniel Bustos
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Simulation (CBSM), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Miguel O Zarraga
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Wendy Gonzalez
- Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Valdivia, Chile; Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Simulation (CBSM), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Simulation (CBSM), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Sebastian Brauchi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Valdivia, Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan C. Stan
- Immunology DepartmentUniversity of São Paulo Brazil
- Cantacuzino Military-Medical Research-Development National Institute, Bucharest Romania
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Barros F, Pardo LA, Domínguez P, Sierra LM, de la Peña P. New Structures and Gating of Voltage-Dependent Potassium (Kv) Channels and Their Relatives: A Multi-Domain and Dynamic Question. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020248. [PMID: 30634573 PMCID: PMC6359393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kv channels) are crucial regulators of cell excitability that participate in a range of physiological and pathophysiological processes. These channels are molecular machines that display a mechanism (known as gating) for opening and closing a gate located in a pore domain (PD). In Kv channels, this mechanism is triggered and controlled by changes in the magnitude of the transmembrane voltage sensed by a voltage-sensing domain (VSD). In this review, we consider several aspects of the VSD–PD coupling in Kv channels, and in some relatives, that share a common general structure characterized by a single square-shaped ion conduction pore in the center, surrounded by four VSDs located at the periphery. We compile some recent advances in the knowledge of their architecture, based in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) data for high-resolution determination of their structure, plus some new functional data obtained with channel variants in which the covalent continuity between the VSD and PD modules has been interrupted. These advances and new data bring about some reconsiderations about the use of exclusively a classical electromechanical lever model of VSD–PD coupling by some Kv channels, and open a view of the Kv-type channels as allosteric machines in which gating may be dynamically influenced by some long-range interactional/allosteric mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Barros
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Campus de El Cristo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Luis A Pardo
- Oncophysiology Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Pedro Domínguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Campus de El Cristo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Luisa Maria Sierra
- Departamento de Biología Funcional (Area de Genética), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
| | - Pilar de la Peña
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Oviedo, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Campus de El Cristo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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Miño-Galaz G, Pablo Staforelli J, Gutierrez G. Effect of double or single bonding in C H stretching signal propagation in organic molecules. A computational study. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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28
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Kumar S, Singh O, Singh U, Goswami C, Singru PS. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-6 (Trpv1-6) gene expression in the mouse brain during estrous cycle. Brain Res 2018; 1701:161-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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29
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Kirsch SA, Kugemann A, Carpaneto A, Böckmann RA, Dietrich P. Phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate lipid-binding-induced activation of the human two-pore channel 2. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3803-3815. [PMID: 29705952 PMCID: PMC11105763 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian two-pore channels (TPCs) are activated by the low-abundance membrane lipid phosphatidyl-(3,5)-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2) present in the endo-lysosomal system. Malfunction of human TPC1 or TPC2 (hTPC) results in severe organellar storage diseases and membrane trafficking defects. Here, we compared the lipid-binding characteristics of hTPC2 and of the PI(3,5)P2-insensitive TPC1 from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Combination of simulations with functional analysis of channel mutants revealed the presence of an hTPC2-specific lipid-binding pocket mutually formed by two channel regions exposed to the cytosolic side of the membrane. We showed that PI(3,5)P2 is simultaneously stabilized by positively charged amino acids (K203, K204, and K207) in the linker between transmembrane helices S4 and S5 and by S322 in the cytosolic extension of S6. We suggest that PI(3,5)P2 cross links two parts of the channel, enabling their coordinated movement during channel gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja A Kirsch
- Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Kugemann
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Armando Carpaneto
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences-DISTAV, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rainer A Böckmann
- Computational Biology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Petra Dietrich
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Pandey HD, Leitner DM. Vibrational States and Nitrile Lifetimes of Cyanophenylalanine Isotopomers in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6856-6863. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b06300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Datt Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Physics Program, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
| | - David M. Leitner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Physics Program, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, United States
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Shen Q, Luo Z, Ma S, Tao P, Song C, Wu J, Shang W, Deng T. Bioinspired Infrared Sensing Materials and Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707632. [PMID: 29750376 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired engineering offers a promising alternative approach in accelerating the development of many man-made systems. Next-generation infrared (IR) sensing systems can also benefit from such nature-inspired approach. The inherent compact and uncooled operation of biological IR sensing systems provides ample inspiration for the engineering of portable and high-performance artificial IR sensing systems. This review overviews the current understanding of the biological IR sensing systems, most of which are thermal-based IR sensors that rely on either bolometer-like or photomechanic sensing mechanism. The existing efforts inspired by the biological IR sensing systems and possible future bioinspired approaches in the development of new IR sensing systems are also discussed in the review. Besides these biological IR sensing systems, other biological systems that do not have IR sensing capabilities but can help advance the development of engineered IR sensing systems are also discussed, and the related engineering efforts are overviewed as well. Further efforts in understanding the biological IR sensing systems, the learning from the integration of multifunction in biological systems, and the reduction of barriers to maximize the multidiscipline collaborations are needed to move this research field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wen Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tao Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Señarís R, Ordás P, Reimúndez A, Viana F. Mammalian cold TRP channels: impact on thermoregulation and energy homeostasis. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:761-777. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ultrasound Elicits Behavioral Responses through Mechanical Effects on Neurons and Ion Channels in a Simple Nervous System. J Neurosci 2018; 38:3081-3091. [PMID: 29463641 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1458-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Focused ultrasound has been shown to stimulate excitable cells, but the biophysical mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain poorly understood. To provide additional insight, we devised a behavioral-genetic assay applied to the well-characterized nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. We found that pulsed ultrasound elicits robust reversal behavior in wild-type animals in a pressure-, duration-, and pulse protocol-dependent manner. Responses were preserved in mutants unable to sense thermal fluctuations and absent in mutants lacking neurons required for mechanosensation. Additionally, we found that the worm's response to ultrasound pulses rests on the expression of MEC-4, a DEG/ENaC/ASIC ion channel required for touch sensation. Consistent with prior studies of MEC-4-dependent currents in vivo, the worm's response was optimal for pulses repeated 300-1000 times per second. Based on these findings, we conclude that mechanical, rather than thermal, stimulation accounts for behavioral responses. Further, we propose that acoustic radiation force governs the response to ultrasound in a manner that depends on the touch receptor neurons and MEC-4-dependent ion channels. Our findings illuminate a complete pathway of ultrasound action, from the forces generated by propagating ultrasound to an activation of a specific ion channel. The findings further highlight the importance of optimizing ultrasound pulsing protocols when stimulating neurons via ion channels with mechanosensitive properties.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How ultrasound influences neurons and other excitable cells has remained a mystery for decades. Although it is widely understood that ultrasound can heat tissues and induce mechanical strain, whether or not neuronal activation depends on heat, mechanical force, or both physical factors is not known. We harnessed Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes and their extraordinary sensitivity to thermal and mechanical stimuli to address this question. Whereas thermosensory mutants respond to ultrasound similar to wild-type animals, mechanosensory mutants were insensitive to ultrasound stimulation. Additionally, stimulus parameters that accentuate mechanical effects were more effective than those producing more heat. These findings highlight a mechanical nature of the effect of ultrasound on neurons and suggest specific ways to optimize stimulation protocols in specific tissues.
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Gubina MA, Orlov PS, Babenko VN, Zabiyako AP, Ivanoschuk DE, Voevoda MI. Polymorphism of Human Thermoreceptor Genes TRPV1 and TRPA1 in Populations of the Altai-Sayan Region and the Far East. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Castillo K, Diaz-Franulic I, Canan J, Gonzalez-Nilo F, Latorre R. Thermally activated TRP channels: molecular sensors for temperature detection. Phys Biol 2018; 15:021001. [PMID: 29135465 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aa9a6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Temperature sensing is one of the oldest capabilities of living organisms, and is essential for sustaining life, because failure to avoid extreme noxious temperatures can result in tissue damage or death. A subset of members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel family is finely tuned to detect temperatures ranging from extreme cold to noxious heat, giving rise to thermoTRP channels. Structural and functional experiments have shown that thermoTRP channels are allosteric proteins, containing different domains that sense changes in temperature, among other stimuli, triggering pore opening. Although temperature-dependence is well characterized in thermoTRP channels, the molecular nature of temperature-sensing elements remains unknown. Importantly, thermoTRP channels are involved in pain sensation, related to pathological conditions. Here, we provide an overview of thermoTRP channel activation. We also discuss the structural and functional evidence supporting the existence of an intrinsic temperature sensor in this class of channels, and we explore the basic thermodynamic principles for channel activation. Finally, we give a view of their role in painful pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Castillo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2366103, Chile. www.cinv.cl
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Madej MG, Ziegler CM. Dawning of a new era in TRP channel structural biology by cryo-electron microscopy. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:213-225. [PMID: 29344776 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) permits the determination of atomic protein structures by averaging large numbers of individual projection images recorded at cryogenic temperatures-a method termed single-particle analysis. The cryo-preservation traps proteins within a thin glass-like ice layer, making literally a freeze image of proteins in solution. Projections of randomly adopted orientations are merged to reconstruct a 3D density map. While atomic resolution for highly symmetric viruses was achieved already in 2009, the development of new sensitive and fast electron detectors has enabled cryo-EM for smaller and asymmetrical proteins including fragile membrane proteins. As one of the most important structural biology methods at present, cryo-EM was awarded in October 2017 with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The molecular understanding of Transient-Receptor-Potential (TRP) channels has been boosted tremendously by cryo-EM single-particle analysis. Several near-atomic and atomic structures gave important mechanistic insights, e.g., into ion permeation and selectivity, gating, as well as into the activation of this enigmatic and medically important membrane protein family by various chemical and physical stimuli. Lastly, these structures have set the starting point for the rational design of TRP channel-targeted therapeutics to counteract life-threatening channelopathies. Here, we attempt a brief introduction to the method, review the latest advances in cryo-EM structure determination of TRP channels, and discuss molecular insights into the channel function based on the wealth of TRP channel cryo-EM structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gregor Madej
- Department of Structural Biology, Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christine M Ziegler
- Department of Structural Biology, Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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37
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Global versus local mechanisms of temperature sensing in ion channels. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:733-744. [PMID: 29340775 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2102-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels turn diverse types of inputs, ranging from neurotransmitters to physical forces, into electrical signals. Channel responses to ligands generally rely on binding to discrete sensor domains that are coupled to the portion of the channel responsible for ion permeation. By contrast, sensing physical cues such as voltage, pressure, and temperature arises from more varied mechanisms. Voltage is commonly sensed by a local, domain-based strategy, whereas the predominant paradigm for pressure sensing employs a global response in channel structure to membrane tension changes. Temperature sensing has been the most challenging response to understand and whether discrete sensor domains exist for pressure and temperature has been the subject of much investigation and debate. Recent exciting advances have uncovered discrete sensor modules for pressure and temperature in force-sensitive and thermal-sensitive ion channels, respectively. In particular, characterization of bacterial voltage-gated sodium channel (BacNaV) thermal responses has identified a coiled-coil thermosensor that controls channel function through a temperature-dependent unfolding event. This coiled-coil thermosensor blueprint recurs in other temperature sensitive ion channels and thermosensitive proteins. Together with the identification of ion channel pressure sensing domains, these examples demonstrate that "local" domain-based solutions for sensing force and temperature exist and highlight the diversity of both global and local strategies that channels use to sense physical inputs. The modular nature of these newly discovered physical signal sensors provides opportunities to engineer novel pressure-sensitive and thermosensitive proteins and raises new questions about how such modular sensors may have evolved and empowered ion channel pores with new sensibilities.
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Menga M, Trotta R, Scrima R, Pacelli C, Silvestri V, Piccoli C, Capitanio N, Liso A. Febrile temperature reprograms by redox-mediated signaling the mitochondrial metabolic phenotype in monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1864:685-699. [PMID: 29246446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fever-like hyperthermia is known to stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Hyperthermia-induced immune stimulation is also accompanied with, and likely conditioned by, changes in the cell metabolism and, in particular, mitochondrial metabolism is now recognized to play a pivotal role in this context, both as energy supplier and as signaling platform. In this study we asked if challenging human monocyte-derived dendritic cells with a relatively short-time thermal shock in the fever-range, typically observed in humans, caused alterations in the mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. We found that following hyperthermic stress (3h exposure at 39°C) TNF-α-releasing dendritic cells undergo rewiring of the oxidative metabolism hallmarked by decrease of the mitochondrial respiratory activity and of the oxidative phosphorylation and increase of lactate production. Moreover, enhanced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and accumulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ was consistently observed in hyperthermia-conditioned dendritic cells and exhibited a reciprocal interplay. The hyperthermia-induced impairment of the mitochondrial respiratory activity was (i) irreversible following re-conditioning of cells to normothermia, (ii) mimicked by exposing normothermic cells to the conditioned medium of the hyperthermia-challenged cells, (iii) largely prevented by antioxidant and inhibitors of the nitric oxide synthase and of the mitochondrial calcium porter, which also inhibited release of TNF-α. These observations combined with gene expression analysis support a model based on a thermally induced autocrine signaling, which rewires and sets a metabolism checkpoint linked to immune activation of dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Menga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosa Trotta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Rosella Scrima
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Veronica Silvestri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Arcangelo Liso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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Romero-Romero S, Gomez Lagunas F, Balleza D. Side chain flexibility and coupling between the S4-S5 linker and the TRP domain in thermo-sensitive TRP channels: Insights from protein modeling. Proteins 2017; 85:630-646. [PMID: 28066924 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily is subdivided into several subfamilies on the basis of sequence similarity, which is highly heterogeneous but shows a molecular architecture that resembles the one present in members of the Kv channel superfamily. Because of this diversity, they produce a large variety of channels with different gating and permeability properties. Elucidation of these particular features necessarily requires comparative studies based on structural and functional data. The present study aims to compilate, analyze, and determine, in a coherent way, the relationship between intrinsic side-chain flexibility and the allosteric coupling in members of the TRPV, TRPM, and TRPC families. Based on the recently determined structures of TRPV1 and TRPV2, we have generated protein models for single subunits of TRPV5, TRPM8, and TRPC5 channels. With these models, we focused our attention on the apparently crucial role of the GP dipeptide at the center of the S4-S5 linker and discussed its role in the interaction with the TRP domain, specifically with the highly-conserved Trp during this coupling. Our analysis suggests an important role of the S4-S5L flexibility in the thermosensitivity, where heat-activated channels possess rigid S4-S5 linkers, whereas cold-activated channels have flexible ones. Finally, we also present evidence of the key interaction between the conserved Trp residue of the TRP box and of several residues in the S4-S5L, importantly the central Pro. Proteins 2017; 85:630-646. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Romero-Romero
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, MEXICO
| | - Froylan Gomez Lagunas
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, MEXICO
| | - Daniel Balleza
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico city, MEXICO
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Single-residue molecular switch for high-temperature dependence of vanilloid receptor TRPV3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:1589-1594. [PMID: 28154143 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615304114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, a group of ion channels from the transient receptor potential family, play important functions in pain and thermal sensation. These channels are directly activated by temperature and possess strong temperature dependence. Furthermore, their temperature sensitivity can be highly dynamic and use-dependent. For example, the vanilloid receptor transient receptor potential 3 (TRPV3), which has been implicated as a warmth detector, becomes responsive to warm temperatures only after intensive stimulation. Upon initial activation, the channel exhibits a high-temperature threshold in the noxious temperature range above 50 °C. This use dependence of heat sensitivity thus provides a mechanism for sensitization of thermal channels. However, how the channels acquire the use dependence remains unknown. Here, by comparative studies of chimeric channels between use-dependent and use-independent homologs, we have determined the molecular basis that underlies the use dependence of temperature sensitivity of TRPV3. Remarkably, the restoration of a single residue that is apparently missing in the use-dependent homologs could largely eliminate the use dependence of heat sensitivity of TRPV3. The location of the region suggests a mechanism of temperature-dependent gating of thermal TRP channels involving an intracellular region assembled around the TRP domain.
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41
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Understand spiciness: mechanism of TRPV1 channel activation by capsaicin. Protein Cell 2017; 8:169-177. [PMID: 28044278 PMCID: PMC5326624 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin in chili peppers bestows the sensation of spiciness. Since the discovery of its receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel, how capsaicin activates this channel has been under extensive investigation using a variety of experimental techniques including mutagenesis, patch-clamp recording, crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy, computational docking and molecular dynamic simulation. A framework of how capsaicin binds and activates TRPV1 has started to merge: capsaicin binds to a pocket formed by the channel’s transmembrane segments, where it takes a “tail-up, head-down” configuration. Binding is mediated by both hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions. Upon binding, capsaicin stabilizes the open state of TRPV1 by “pull-and-contact” with the S4-S5 linker. Understanding the ligand-host interaction will greatly facilitate pharmaceutical efforts to develop novel analgesics targeting TRPV1.
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Ramírez-Barrantes R, Marchant I, Olivero P. TRPV1 may increase the effectiveness of estrogen therapy on neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1204-7. [PMID: 27651755 PMCID: PMC5020806 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.189162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging induces physical deterioration, loss of the blood brain barrier, neuronal loss-induced mental and neurodegenerative diseases. Hypotalamus-hypophysis-gonad axis aging precedes symptoms of menopause or andropause and is a major determinant of sensory and cognitive integrated function. Sexual steroids support important functions, exert pleiotropic effects in different sensory cells, promote regeneration, plasticity and health of the nervous system. Their diminution is associated with impaired cognitive and mental health and increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Then, restoring neuroendocrine axes during aging can be key to enhance brain health through neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, depending on the modulation of plasticity mechanisms. Estrogen-dependent transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1) expression induces neuroprotection, neurogenesis and regeneration on damaged tissues. Agonists of TRPV1 can modulate neuroprotection and repair of sensitive neurons, while modulators as other cognitive enhancers may improve the survival rate, differentiation and integration of neural stem cell progenitors in functional neural network. Menopause constitutes a relevant clinical model of steroidal production decline associated with progressive cognitive and mental impairment, which allows exploring the effects of hormone therapy in health outcomes such as dysfunction of CNS. Simulating the administration of hormone therapy to virtual menopausal individuals allows assessing its hypothetical impact and sensitivity to conditions that modify the effectiveness and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivanny Marchant
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pablo Olivero
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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