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Clancy CE, Santana LF. Advances in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes: technological breakthroughs, key discoveries and new applications. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39032073 DOI: 10.1113/jp282562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A transformation is underway in precision and patient-specific medicine. Rapid progress has been enabled by multiple new technologies including induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac myocytes (iPSC-CMs). Here, we delve into these advancements and their future promise, focusing on the efficiency of reprogramming techniques, the fidelity of differentiation into the cardiac lineage, the functional characterization of the resulting cardiac myocytes, and the many applications of in silico models to understand general and patient-specific mechanisms controlling excitation-contraction coupling in health and disease. Furthermore, we explore the current and potential applications of iPSC-CMs in both research and clinical settings, underscoring the far-reaching implications of this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E Clancy
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine and Data Sciences, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine and Data Sciences, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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2
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Kriedemann N, Triebert W, Teske J, Mertens M, Franke A, Ullmann K, Manstein F, Drakhlis L, Haase A, Halloin C, Martin U, Zweigerdt R. Standardized production of hPSC-derived cardiomyocyte aggregates in stirred spinner flasks. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:1911-1939. [PMID: 38548938 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
A promising cell-therapy approach for heart failure aims at differentiating human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) in vitro to replace the disease-induced loss of patients' heart muscle cells in vivo. But many challenges remain for the routine clinical application of hPSC-derived CMs (hPSC-CMs), including good manufacturing practice (GMP)-compliant production strategies. This protocol describes the efficient generation of hPSC-CM aggregates in suspension culture, emphasizing process simplicity, robustness and GMP compliance. The strategy promotes clinical translation and other applications that require large numbers of CMs. Using a simple spinner-flask platform, this protocol is applicable to a broad range of users with general experience in handling hPSCs without extensive know-how in biotechnology. hPSCs are expanded in monolayer to generate the required cell numbers for process inoculation in suspension culture, followed by stirring-controlled formation of cell-only aggregates at a 300-ml scale. After 48 h at checkpoint (CP) 0, chemically defined cardiac differentiation is induced by WNT-pathway modulation through use of the glycogen-synthase kinase-3 inhibitor CHIR99021 (WNT agonist), which is replaced 24 h later by the chemical WNT-pathway inhibitor IWP-2. The exact application of the described process parameters is important to ensure process efficiency and robustness. After 10 d of differentiation (CP I), the production of ≥100 × 106 CMs is expected. Moreover, to 'uncouple' cell production from downstream applications, continuous maintenance of CM aggregates for up to 35 d in culture (CP II) is demonstrated without a reduction in CM content, supporting downstream logistics while potentially overcoming the requirement for cryopreservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Kriedemann
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Triebert
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Evotec, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana Teske
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Mira Mertens
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Franke
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Kevin Ullmann
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Manstein
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Evotec, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lika Drakhlis
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Haase
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Caroline Halloin
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cell Therapy Process Technology, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO); REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine; Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
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Desa DE, Amitrano MJ, Murphy WL, Skala MC. Optical redox imaging to screen synthetic hydrogels for stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation. BIOPHOTONICS DISCOVERY 2024; 1:015002. [PMID: 39036366 PMCID: PMC11258857 DOI: 10.1117/1.bios.1.1.015002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Significance Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, yet research is limited by the inability to culture primary cardiac cells. Cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising solution for drug screening and disease modeling. Aim Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CM (iPSC-CM) differentiation and maturation studies typically use heterogeneous substrates for growth and destructive verification methods. Reproducible, tunable substrates and touch-free monitoring are needed to identify ideal conditions to produce homogenous, functional CMs. Approach We generated synthetic polyethylene glycol-based hydrogels for iPSC-CM differentiation and maturation. Peptide concentrations, combinations, and gel stiffness were tuned independently. Label-free optical redox imaging (ORI) was performed on a widefield microscope in a 96-well screen of gel formulations. We performed live-cell imaging throughout differentiation and early to late maturation to identify key metabolic shifts. Results Label-free ORI confirmed the expected metabolic shifts toward oxidative phosphorylation throughout the differentiation and maturation processes of iPSC-CMs on synthetic hydrogels. Furthermore, ORI distinguished high and low differentiation efficiency cell batches in the cardiac progenitor stage. Conclusions We established a workflow for medium throughput screening of synthetic hydrogel conditions with the ability to perform repeated live-cell measurements and confirm expected metabolic shifts. These methods have implications for reproducible iPSC-CM generation in biomanufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E. Desa
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Margot J. Amitrano
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - William L. Murphy
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Raniga K, Nasir A, Vo NTN, Vaidyanathan R, Dickerson S, Hilcove S, Mosqueira D, Mirams GR, Clements P, Hicks R, Pointon A, Stebbeds W, Francis J, Denning C. Strengthening cardiac therapy pipelines using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:292-311. [PMID: 38366587 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Advances in hiPSC isolation and reprogramming and hPSC-CM differentiation have prompted their therapeutic application and utilization for evaluating potential cardiovascular safety liabilities. In this perspective, we showcase key efforts toward the large-scale production of hiPSC-CMs, implementation of hiPSC-CMs in industry settings, and recent clinical applications of this technology. The key observations are a need for traceable gender and ethnically diverse hiPSC lines, approaches to reduce cost of scale-up, accessible clinical trial datasets, and transparent guidelines surrounding the safety and efficacy of hiPSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Raniga
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Pathology, Non-Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Aishah Nasir
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nguyen T N Vo
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | | | | - Diogo Mosqueira
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gary R Mirams
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine & Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter Clements
- Pathology, Non-Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Ryan Hicks
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Amy Pointon
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | | | - Jo Francis
- Mechanstic Biology and Profiling, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Liu F, Liu Z, Cheng W, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Zhang H, Yu M, Xu H, Gao Y, Jiang Q, Shi G, Wang L, Gu S, Wang J, Cao N, Chen Z. The PERK Branch of the Unfolded Protein Response Safeguards Protein Homeostasis and Mesendoderm Specification of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303799. [PMID: 37890465 PMCID: PMC10724406 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac development involves large-scale rearrangements of the proteome. How the developing cardiac cells maintain the integrity of the proteome during the rapid lineage transition remains unclear. Here it is shown that proteotoxic stress visualized by the misfolded and/or aggregated proteins appears during early cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and is resolved by activation of the PERK branch of unfolded protein response (UPR). PERK depletion increases misfolded and/or aggregated protein accumulation, leading to pluripotency exit defect and impaired mesendoderm specification of human pluripotent stem cells. Mechanistically, it is found that PERK safeguards mesendoderm specification through its conserved downstream effector ATF4, which subsequently activates a novel transcriptional target WARS1, to cope with the differentiation-induced proteotoxic stress. The results indicate that protein quality control represents a previously unrecognized core component of the cardiogenic regulatory network. Broadly, these findings provide a framework for understanding how UPR is integrated into the developmental program by activating the PERK-ATF4-WARS1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Advanced Medical Technology CenterZhongshan School of Medicine and the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080P. R. China
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230022P. R. China
| | - Zhun Liu
- Advanced Medical Technology CenterZhongshan School of Medicine and the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Weisheng Cheng
- Prenatal Diagnosis CenterDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei230022P. R. China
- Department of Medical InformaticsZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Qingquan Zhao
- Advanced Medical Technology CenterZhongshan School of Medicine and the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Advanced Medical Technology CenterZhongshan School of Medicine and the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - He Zhang
- Advanced Medical Technology CenterZhongshan School of Medicine and the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Miao Yu
- Advanced Medical Technology CenterZhongshan School of Medicine and the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - He Xu
- Advanced Medical Technology CenterZhongshan School of Medicine and the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Yichen Gao
- Advanced Medical Technology CenterZhongshan School of Medicine and the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Qianrui Jiang
- Advanced Medical Technology CenterZhongshan School of Medicine and the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Guojun Shi
- Guangzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Mechanistic and Translational Obesity ResearchGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of DiabetologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangdong510080P. R. China
| | - Likun Wang
- National Laboratory of BiomacromoleculesCAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101P. R. China
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Gu
- Advanced Medical Technology CenterZhongshan School of Medicine and the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesShandong266071China
| | - Nan Cao
- Advanced Medical Technology CenterZhongshan School of Medicine and the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Chen
- Advanced Medical Technology CenterZhongshan School of Medicine and the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityMinistry of EducationGuangzhou510080P. R. China
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