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Mo N, Feng T, Zhu D, Liu J, Shao S, Han R, Lu W, Zhan P, Cui Z. Analysis of adaptive molecular mechanisms in response to low salinity in antennal gland of mud crab, Scylla paramamosain. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25556. [PMID: 38356600 PMCID: PMC10865330 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
As an important marine aquaculture species, the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) is a good candidate for studying the osmoregulatory mechanism of crustaceans. While previous studies have focused on the osmoregulatory function of the gills, this study aims to explore the osmoregulatory function of the antennal glands. By the comparative transcriptomic analysis, we found the pathways of ion regulation including "proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation" and "mineral absorption" were activated in the antennal glands of the crabs long-term dwelling in low salinity. The enhanced ionic reabsorption was associated with up-regulated ion transport genes such as NKA, CA-c, VPA, and NHE, and with energy metabolism genes such as MDH, SLC25, and PEPCK. The upregulation of NKA and CA-c was also verified by the increased enzyme activity. The lowered osmolality and ion concentration of the hemolymph and the enlarged labyrinth lumen and hemolymph capillary inside the antennal glands indicated the infiltration of external water and the responsively increase of urine excretion, which explained the requirement of enhanced ionic reabsorption. To further confirm these findings, we examined the change of gene expression, enzyme activity, internal ion concentration, and external ion concentration during a 96 h low salinity challenge with seven intervals. The results were basically consistent with the results as shown in the long-term low salinity adaptation. The present study provides valuable information on the osmoregulatory function of the antennal glands of S. paramamosain. The implication of this study in marine aquaculture is that it provides valuable information on the osmoregulatory mechanism of mud crabs, which can be used to improve their culture conditions and enhance their tolerance to salinity stress. The identified genes and pathways involved in osmoregulation can also be potential targets for genetic selection and breeding programs to develop more resilient mud crab strains for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Mo
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Tianyi Feng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Shucheng Shao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Rui Han
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Wentao Lu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Pingping Zhan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
| | - Zhaoxia Cui
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315020, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
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2
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Rahi ML, Mather PB, de Bello Cioffi M, Ezaz T, Hurwood DA. Genomic Basis of Freshwater Adaptation in the Palaemonid Prawn Genus Macrobrachium: Convergent Evolution Following Multiple Independent Colonization Events. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:976-989. [PMID: 38010517 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to different salinity environments can enhance morphological and genomic divergence between related aquatic taxa. Species of prawns in the genus Macrobrachium naturally inhabit different osmotic niches and possess distinctive lifecycle traits associated with salinity tolerance. This study was conducted to investigate the patterns of adaptive genomic divergence during freshwater colonization in 34 Macrobrachium species collected from four continents; Australia, Asia, North and South America. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technique identified 5018 loci containing 82,636 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were used to reconstruct a phylogenomic tree. An additional phylogeny was reconstructed based on 43 candidate genes, previously identified as being potentially associated with freshwater adaptation. Comparison of the two phylogenetic trees revealed contrasting topologies. The GBS tree indicated multiple independent continent-specific invasions into freshwater by Macrobrachium lineages following common marine ancestry, as species with abbreviated larval development (ALD), i.e., species having a full freshwater life history, appeared reciprocally monophyletic within each continent. In contrast, the candidate gene tree showed convergent evolution for all ALD species worldwide, forming a single, well-supported clade. This latter pattern is likely the result of common evolutionary pressures selecting key mutations favored in continental freshwater habitats Results suggest that following multiple independent invasions into continental freshwaters at different evolutionary timescales, Macrobrachium taxa experienced adaptive genomic divergence, and in particular, convergence in the same genomic regions with parallel shifts in specific conserved phenotypic traits, such as evolution of larger eggs with abbreviated larval developmental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Lifat Rahi
- Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
| | - Peter B Mather
- Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of Sao Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Tariq Ezaz
- Institute for Applied Ecology (IAE), University of Canberra (UC), Canberra, ACT, 2617, Australia
| | - David A Hurwood
- Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
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3
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Courtier-Orgogozo V. The loci of insect phenotypic evolution. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 60:101134. [PMID: 37858791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Insects are important elements of terrestrial ecosystems because they pollinate plants, destroy crops, transmit diseases to livestock and humans, and are important components of food chains. Here, I used Gephebase, a manually curated database of genetic variants associated with natural and domesticated trait variation, to explore current knowledge about the genes and the mutations known to contribute to natural phenotypic variation in insects. Analysis of over 600 mutations reveals that data are concentrated toward certain species and traits and that experimental approaches have changed over time. The distribution of coding and cis-regulatory changes varies with traits, experimental approaches, and identified gene loci. Recent studies highlight the important role of standing variation, repeated mutations in hotspot genes, recombination, inversions, and introgression.
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Wei Y, He S, Wang J, Fan P, He Y, Hu K, Chen Y, Zhou G, Zhong D, Zheng X. Genome-wide SNPs reveal novel patterns of spatial genetic structure in Aedes albopictus (Diptera Culicidae) population in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1028026. [PMID: 36438226 PMCID: PMC9685676 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1028026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since the second half of the 20th century, Aedes albopictus, a vector for more than 20 arboviruses, has spread worldwide. Aedes albopictus is the main vector of infectious diseases transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes in China, and it has caused concerns regarding public health. A comprehensive understanding of the spatial genetic structure of this vector species at a genomic level is essential for effective vector control and the prevention of vector-borne diseases. Methods During 2016-2018, adult female Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were collected from eight different geographical locations across China. Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was used for high-throughput identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genotyping of the Ae. albopictus population. The spatial genetic structure was analyzed and compared to those exhibited by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and microsatellites in the Ae. albopictus population. Results A total of 9,103 genome-wide SNP loci in 101 specimens and 32 haplotypes of cox1 in 231 specimens were identified in the samples from eight locations in China. Principal component analysis revealed that samples from Lingshui and Zhanjiang were more genetically different than those from the other locations. The SNPs provided a better resolution and stronger signals for novel spatial population genetic structures than those from the cox1 data and a set of previously genotyped microsatellites. The fixation indexes from the SNP dataset showed shallow but significant genetic differentiation in the population. The Mantel test indicated a positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. However, the asymmetric gene flow was detected among the populations, and it was higher from south to north and west to east than in the opposite directions. Conclusions The genome-wide SNPs revealed seven gene pools and fine spatial genetic structure of the Ae. albopictus population in China. The RAD-seq approach has great potential to increase our understanding of the spatial dynamics of population spread and establishment, which will help us to design new strategies for controlling vectors and mosquito-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Song He
- Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiatian Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyang Fan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulan He
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xueli Zheng
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5
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Maderspacher F. Evolution and development: From the pet shop to the pelagic zone. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R1469-R1471. [PMID: 34813749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Flying fish and some of their relatives have evolved the ability to elegantly escape predators by gliding through air. A new study - involving a pet shop zebrafish mutant - offers glimpses into how fins might have been modified to enable this stunt.
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6
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Sexual Selection: A Cross-Sword Puzzle. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R243-R246. [PMID: 33689721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Swordtail fish with their eponymous male ornament have long been a paradigm for how sexual selection works. Two studies now aim to dissect the genetic and developmental basis of the sword. They home in on similar regions of the swordtail genome but arrive at different candidate genes.
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7
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Esin EV, Markevich GN, Melnik NO, Kapitanova DV, Shkil FN. Natural toxic impact and thyroid signalling interplay orchestrates riverine adaptive divergence of salmonid fish. J Anim Ecol 2021; 90:1004-1019. [PMID: 33481247 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive radiation in fishes has been actively investigated over the last decades. Along with numerous well-studied cases of lacustrine radiation, some examples of riverine sympatric divergence have been recently discovered. In contrast to the lakes, the riverine conditions do not provide evident stability in the ecological gradients. Consequently, external factors triggering the radiation, as well as developmental mechanisms underpinning it, remain unclear. Herein, we present the comprehensive study of external and internal drivers of the riverine adaptive divergence of the salmonid fish Salvelinus malma. In the Kamchatka River, north-east Asia, this species splits in the reproductively isolated morphs that drastically differ in ecology and morphology: the benthivorous Dolly Varden (DV) and the piscivorous stone charr (SC). To understand why and how these morphs originated, we performed a series of field and experimental work, including common-garden rearing, comparative ontogenetic, physiological and endocrinological analyses, hormonal 'engineering' of phenotypes and acute toxicological tests. We revealed that the type of spawning ground acts as the decisive factor driving the radiation of S. malma. In contrast to DV spawning in the leaf krummholz zone, SC reproduces in the zone of coniferous forest, which litter has a toxic impact on developing fishes. SC enhances resistance to the toxicants via metabolism acceleration provided by the elevated thyroid hormone expenditure. These physiological changes lead to the multiple heterochronies resulting in a specific morphology and ecology of SC. Salvelinus malma represents a notable example of how the thyroid axis contributes to the generation of diverse phenotypic outcomes underlying the riverine sympatric divergence. Our findings, along with the paleoecology data concerning spruce forest distribution during the Pleistocene, provide an opportunity to reconstruct a scenario of S. malma divergence. Taken together, obtained results with the data of the role of thyroid hormones in the ontogeny and diversification of fishes contribute a resource to consider the thyroid axis as a prime director orchestrating the phenotypic plasticity promoting evolutionary diversification under the changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V Esin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Kronotsky Nature Biosphere Reserve, Yelizovo, Russia
| | | | - Nikolay O Melnik
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V Kapitanova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor N Shkil
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, RAS, Moscow, Russia
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8
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Rahi ML, Mather PB, Hurwood DA. Do plasticity in gene expression and physiological responses in Palaemonid prawns facilitate adaptive response to different osmotic challenges? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 251:110810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Zinkgraf M, Zhao ST, Canning C, Gerttula S, Lu MZ, Filkov V, Groover A. Evolutionary network genomics of wood formation in a phylogenetic survey of angiosperm forest trees. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1811-1823. [PMID: 32696464 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wood formation was present in early angiosperms, but has been highly modified through evolution to generate the anatomical diversity seen in extant angiosperm lineages. In this project, we modeled changes in gene coexpression relationships associated with the evolution of wood formation in a phylogenetic survey of 13 angiosperm tree species. Gravitropic stimulation was used as an experimental treatment to alter wood formation and also perturb gene expression. Gene transcript abundances were determined using RNA sequencing of developing wood tissues from upright trees, and from the top (tension wood) and bottom (opposite wood) tissues of gravistimulated trees. A network-based approach was employed to align gene coexpression networks across species based on orthologous relationships. A large-scale, multilayer network was modeled that identified both lineage-specific gene coexpression modules and modules conserved across multiple species. Functional annotation and analysis of modules identified specific regulatory processes associated with conserved modules, including regulation of hormones, protein phosphorylation, meristem development and epigenetic processes. Our results provide novel insights into the evolution and development of wood formation, and demonstrate the ability to identify biological processes and genes important for the evolution of a foundational trait in nonmodel, undomesticated forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zinkgraf
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
- College of Science and Engineering, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225-9063, USA
| | - Shu-Tang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Courtney Canning
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Suzanne Gerttula
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Vladimir Filkov
- Computer Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Andrew Groover
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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10
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Baldwin MW, Ko MC. Functional evolution of vertebrate sensory receptors. Horm Behav 2020; 124:104771. [PMID: 32437717 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sensory receptors enable animals to perceive their external world, and functional properties of receptors evolve to detect the specific cues relevant for an organism's survival. Changes in sensory receptor function or tuning can directly impact an organism's behavior. Functional tests of receptors from multiple species and the generation of chimeric receptors between orthologs with different properties allow for the dissection of the molecular basis of receptor function and identification of the key residues that impart functional changes in different species. Knowledge of these functionally important sites facilitates investigation into questions regarding the role of epistasis and the extent of convergence, as well as the timing of sensory shifts relative to other phenotypic changes. However, as receptors can also play roles in non-sensory tissues, and receptor responses can be modulated by numerous other factors including varying expression levels, alternative splicing, and morphological features of the sensory cell, behavioral validation can be instrumental in confirming that responses observed in heterologous systems play a sensory role. Expression profiling of sensory cells and comparative genomics approaches can shed light on cell-type specific modifications and identify other proteins that may affect receptor function and can provide insight into the correlated evolution of complex suites of traits. Here we review the evolutionary history and diversity of functional responses of the major classes of sensory receptors in vertebrates, including opsins, chemosensory receptors, and ion channels involved in temperature-sensing, mechanosensation and electroreception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meng-Ching Ko
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
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11
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Rahi ML, Mather PB, Ezaz T, Hurwood DA. The Molecular Basis of Freshwater Adaptation in Prawns: Insights from Comparative Transcriptomics of Three Macrobrachium Species. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:1002-1018. [PMID: 30840062 PMCID: PMC6450038 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the molecular basis of adaptation to different environmental conditions is important because adaptive ability of a species can shape its distribution, influence speciation, and also drive a variety of evolutionary processes. For crustaceans, colonization of freshwater habitats has significantly impacted diversity, but the molecular basis of this process is poorly understood. In the current study, we examined three prawn species from the genus Macrobrachium (M. australiense, M. tolmerum, and M. novaehollandiae) to better understand the molecular basis of freshwater adaptation using a comparative transcriptomics approach. Each of these species naturally inhabit environments with different salinity levels; here, we exposed them to the same experimental salinity conditions (0‰ and 15‰), to compare expression patterns of candidate genes that previously have been shown to influence phenotypic traits associated with freshwater adaptation (e.g., genes associated with osmoregulation). Differential gene expression analysis revealed 876, 861, and 925 differentially expressed transcripts under the two salinities for M. australiense, M. tolmerum, and M. novaehollandiae, respectively. Of these, 16 were found to be unannotated novel transcripts and may be taxonomically restricted or orphan genes. Functional enrichment and molecular pathway mapping revealed 13 functionally enriched categories and 11 enriched molecular pathways that were common to the three Macrobrachium species. Pattern of selection analysis revealed 26 genes with signatures of positive selection among pairwise species comparisons. Overall, our results indicate that the same key genes and similar molecular pathways are likely to be involved with freshwater adaptation widely across this decapod group; with nonoverlapping sets of genes showing differential expression (mainly osmoregulatory genes) and signatures of positive selection (genes involved with different life history traits).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Lifat Rahi
- Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Earth Environment and Biological Sciences (EEBS), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter B Mather
- Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Earth Environment and Biological Sciences (EEBS), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tariq Ezaz
- Wildlife Genetics Laboratory, Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - David A Hurwood
- Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Earth Environment and Biological Sciences (EEBS), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Hu Z, Sackton TB, Edwards SV, Liu JS. Bayesian Detection of Convergent Rate Changes of Conserved Noncoding Elements on Phylogenetic Trees. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:1086-1100. [PMID: 30851112 PMCID: PMC6501877 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation of DNA sequence over evolutionary time is a strong indicator of function, and gain or loss of sequence conservation can be used to infer changes in function across a phylogeny. Changes in evolutionary rates on particular lineages in a phylogeny can indicate shared functional shifts, and thus can be used to detect genomic correlates of phenotypic convergence. However, existing methods do not allow easy detection of patterns of rate variation, which causes challenges for detecting convergent rate shifts or other complex evolutionary scenarios. Here we introduce PhyloAcc, a new Bayesian method to model substitution rate changes in conserved elements across a phylogeny. The method assumes several categories of substitution rate for each branch on the phylogenetic tree, estimates substitution rates per category, and detects changes of substitution rate as the posterior probability of a category switch. Simulations show that PhyloAcc can detect genomic regions with rate shifts in multiple target species better than previous methods and has a higher accuracy of reconstructing complex patterns of substitution rate changes than prevalent Bayesian relaxed clock models. We demonstrate the utility of PhyloAcc in two classic examples of convergent phenotypes: loss of flight in birds and the transition to marine life in mammals. In each case, our approach reveals numerous examples of conserved nonexonic elements with accelerations specific to the phenotypically convergent lineages. Our method is widely applicable to any set of conserved elements where multiple rate changes are expected on a phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Hu
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | | | - Scott V Edwards
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.,Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jun S Liu
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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13
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He T, Lamont BB, Enright NJ, D'Agui HM, Stock W. Environmental drivers and genomic architecture of trait differentiation in fire-adapted Banksia attenuata ecotypes. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:417-432. [PMID: 29993190 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Trait divergence between populations is considered an adaptive response to different environments, but to what extent this response is accompanied by genetic differentiation is less clear since it may be phenotypic plasticity. In this study, we analyzed phenotypic variation between two Banksia attenuata growth forms, lignotuberous (shrub) and epicormic resprouting (tree), in fire-prone environments to identify the environmental factors that have driven this phenotypic divergence. We linked genotype with phenotype and traced candidate genes using differential gene expression analysis. Fire intervals determined the phenotypic divergence between growth forms in B. attenuata. A genome-wide association study identified 69 single nucleotide polymorphisms, putatively associated with growth form, whereas no growth form- or phenotype-specific genotypes were identified. Genomic differentiation between the two growth forms was low (Fst = 0.024). Differential gene expression analysis identified 37 genes/transcripts that were differentially expressed in the two growth forms. A small heat-shock protein gene, associated with lignotuber presence, was differentially expressed in the two forms. We conclude that different fire regimes induce phenotypic polymorphism in B. attenuata, whereas phenotypic trait divergence involves the differential expression of a small fraction of genes that interact strongly with the disturbance regime. Thus, phenotypic plasticity among resprouters is the general strategy for surviving varying fire regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua He
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia
| | - Byron B Lamont
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia
| | - Neal J Enright
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth WA 6150, Australia
| | - Haylee M D'Agui
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia
| | - William Stock
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup WA 6027, Australia
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14
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Vilgalys TP, Rogers J, Jolly CJ, Baboon Genome Analysis, Mukherjee S, Tung J. Evolution of DNA Methylation in Papio Baboons. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:527-540. [PMID: 30521003 PMCID: PMC6389319 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msy227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in gene regulation have long been thought to play an important role in primate evolution. However, although a number of studies have compared genome-wide gene expression patterns across primate species, fewer have investigated the gene regulatory mechanisms that underlie such patterns, or the relative contribution of drift versus selection. Here, we profiled genome-scale DNA methylation levels in blood samples from five of the six extant species of the baboon genus Papio (4-14 individuals per species). This radiation presents the opportunity to investigate DNA methylation divergence at both shallow and deeper timescales (0.380-1.4 My). In contrast to studies in human populations, but similar to studies in great apes, DNA methylation profiles clearly mirror genetic and geographic structure. Divergence in DNA methylation proceeds fastest in unannotated regions of the genome and slowest in regions of the genome that are likely more constrained at the sequence level (e.g., gene exons). Both heuristic approaches and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck models suggest that DNA methylation levels at a small set of sites have been affected by positive selection, and that this class is enriched in functionally relevant contexts, including promoters, enhancers, and CpG islands. Our results thus indicate that the rate and distribution of DNA methylation changes across the genome largely mirror genetic structure. However, at some CpG sites, DNA methylation levels themselves may have been a target of positive selection, pointing to loci that could be important in connecting sequence variation to fitness-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauras P Vilgalys
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Clifford J Jolly
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY
- Center for the Study of Human Origins, New York University, New York, NY
- New York Consortium for Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY
| | | | - Sayan Mukherjee
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Computer Science, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Duke University Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Karen, Nairobi, Kenya
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15
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Moshtaghi A, Rahi ML, Mather PB, Hurwood DA. An investigation of gene expression patterns that contribute to osmoregulation in Macrobrachium australiense: Assessment of adaptive responses to different osmotic niches. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Genetic dissection of interspecific differences in yeast thermotolerance. Nat Genet 2018; 50:1501-1504. [PMID: 30297967 PMCID: PMC6430122 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Some of the most unique and compelling survival strategies in the natural world are fixed in isolated species1. To date, molecular insight into these ancient adaptations has been limited, as classic experimental genetics has focused on interfertile individuals in populations2. Here we use a new mapping approach, which screens mutants in a sterile interspecific hybrid, to identify eight housekeeping genes that underlie the growth advantage of Saccharomyces cerevisiae over its distant relative S. paradoxus at high temperature. Pro-thermotolerance alleles at these mapped loci were required for the adaptive trait in S. cerevisiae and sufficient for its partial reconstruction in S. paradoxus. The emerging picture is one in which S. cerevisiae improved the heat resistance of multiple components of the fundamental growth machinery in response to selective pressure. Our study lays the groundwork for the mapping of genotype to phenotype in clades of sister species across Eukarya.
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17
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Lee JH, Lewis KM, Moural TW, Kirilenko B, Borgonovo B, Prange G, Koessl M, Huggenberger S, Kang C, Hiller M. Molecular parallelism in fast-twitch muscle proteins in echolocating mammals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat9660. [PMID: 30263960 PMCID: PMC6157964 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat9660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Detecting associations between genomic changes and phenotypic differences is fundamental to understanding how phenotypes evolved. By systematically screening for parallel amino acid substitutions, we detected known as well as novel cases (Strc, Tecta, and Cabp2) of parallelism between echolocating bats and toothed whales in proteins that could contribute to high-frequency hearing adaptations. Our screen also showed that echolocating mammals exhibit an unusually high number of parallel substitutions in fast-twitch muscle fiber proteins. Both echolocating bats and toothed whales produce an extremely rapid call rate when homing in on their prey, which was shown in bats to be powered by specialized superfast muscles. We show that these genes with parallel substitutions (Casq1, Atp2a1, Myh2, and Myl1) are expressed in the superfast sound-producing muscle of bats. Furthermore, we found that the calcium storage protein calsequestrin 1 of the little brown bat and the bottlenose dolphin functionally converged in its ability to form calcium-sequestering polymers at lower calcium concentrations, which may contribute to rapid calcium transients required for superfast muscle physiology. The proteins that our genomic screen detected could be involved in the convergent evolution of vocalization in echolocating mammals by potentially contributing to both rapid Ca2+ transients and increased shortening velocities in superfast muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hoe Lee
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin M. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164–4630, USA
| | - Timothy W. Moural
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164–4630, USA
| | - Bogdan Kirilenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Borgonovo
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gisa Prange
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Manfred Koessl
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Huggenberger
- Department II of Anatomy—Neuroanatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164–4630, USA
| | - Michael Hiller
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Kaliontzopoulou A, Pinho C, Martínez-Freiría F. Where does diversity come from? Linking geographical patterns of morphological, genetic, and environmental variation in wall lizards. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:124. [PMID: 30134828 PMCID: PMC6113677 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how phenotypic variation scales from individuals, through populations, up to species, and how it relates to genetic and environmental factors, is essential for deciphering the evolutionary mechanisms that drive biodiversity. We used two species of Podarcis wall lizards to test whether phenotypic diversity within and divergence across populations follow concordant patterns, and to examine how phenotypic variation responds to genetic and environmental variability across different hierarchical levels of biological organization, in an explicit geographic framework. RESULTS We found a general concordance of phenotypic variation across hierarchical levels (i.e. individuals and populations). However, we also found that within-population diversity does not exhibit a coherent geographic structure for most traits, while among-population divergence does, suggesting that different mechanisms may underlie the generation of diversity at these two levels. Furthermore, the association of phenotypic variation with genetic and environmental factors varied extensively between hierarchical levels and across traits, hampering the identification of simple rules to explain what yields diversity. CONCLUSIONS Our results in some cases comply with general ecological and evolutionary predictions, but in others they are difficult to explain in the geographic framework used, suggesting that habitat characteristics and other regulatory mechanisms may have a more substantial contribution in shaping phenotypic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7.4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Pinho
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7.4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Fernando Martínez-Freiría
- CIBIO/InBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, N° 7.4485-661 Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
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19
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Oppenheim SJ, Gould F, Hopper KR. The genetic architecture of ecological adaptation: intraspecific variation in host plant use by the lepidopteran crop pest Chloridea virescens. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 120:234-250. [PMID: 29238078 PMCID: PMC5836587 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-017-0016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific variation in ecologically important traits is a cornerstone of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. The evolution and maintenance of this variation depends on genetic architecture, which in turn determines responses to natural selection. Some models suggest that traits with complex architectures are less likely to respond to selection than those with simple architectures, yet rapid divergence has been observed in such traits. The simultaneous evolutionary lability and genetic complexity of host plant use in the Lepidopteran subfamily Heliothinae suggest that architecture may not constrain ecological adaptation in this group. Here we investigate the response of Chloridea virescens, a generalist that feeds on diverse plant species, to selection for performance on a novel host, Physalis angulata (Solanaceae). P. angulata is the preferred host of Chloridea subflexa, a narrow specialist on the genus Physalis. In previous experiments, we found that the performance of C. subflexa on P. angulata depends on many loci of small effect distributed throughout the genome, but whether the same architecture would be involved in the generalist's adoption of P. angulata was unknown. Here we report a rapid response to selection in C. virescens for performance on P. angulata, and establish that the genetic architecture of intraspecific variation is quite similar to that of the interspecific differences in terms of the number, distribution, and effect sizes of the QTL involved. We discuss the impact of genetic architecture on the ability of Heliothine moths to respond to varying ecological selection pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Oppenheim
- The Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY, 10024, USA.
| | - Fred Gould
- Department of Entomology and Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Keith R Hopper
- USDA-ARS, Beneficial Insect Introductions Research Unit, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
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20
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Dunn CW, Zapata F, Munro C, Siebert S, Hejnol A. Pairwise comparisons across species are problematic when analyzing functional genomic data. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E409-E417. [PMID: 29301966 PMCID: PMC5776959 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707515115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in comparing functional genomic data across species. One goal of such work is to provide an integrated understanding of genome and phenotype evolution. Most comparative functional genomic studies have relied on multiple pairwise comparisons between species, an approach that does not incorporate information about the evolutionary relationships among species. The statistical problems that arise from not considering these relationships can lead pairwise approaches to the wrong conclusions and are a missed opportunity to learn about biology that can only be understood in an explicit phylogenetic context. Here, we examine two recently published studies that compare gene expression across species with pairwise methods, and find reason to question the original conclusions of both. One study interpreted pairwise comparisons of gene expression as support for the ortholog conjecture, the hypothesis that orthologs tend to have more similar attributes (expression in this case) than paralogs. The other study interpreted pairwise comparisons of embryonic gene expression across distantly related animals as evidence for a distinct evolutionary process that gave rise to phyla. In each study, distinct patterns of pairwise similarity among species were originally interpreted as evidence of particular evolutionary processes, but instead, we find that they reflect species relationships. These reanalyses concretely show the inadequacy of pairwise comparisons for analyzing functional genomic data across species. It will be critical to adopt phylogenetic comparative methods in future functional genomic work. Fortunately, phylogenetic comparative biology is also a rapidly advancing field with many methods that can be directly applied to functional genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey W Dunn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912;
| | - Felipe Zapata
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Catriona Munro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
| | - Stefan Siebert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Andreas Hejnol
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen 5006, Norway
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21
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Kotsakiozi P, Richardson JB, Pichler V, Favia G, Martins AJ, Urbanelli S, Armbruster PA, Caccone A. Population genomics of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus: insights into the recent worldwide invasion. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:10143-10157. [PMID: 29238544 PMCID: PMC5723592 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes albopictus, the "Asian tiger mosquito," is an aggressive biting mosquito native to Asia that has colonized all continents except Antarctica during the last ~30-40 years. The species is of great public health concern as it can transmit at least 26 arboviruses, including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. In this study, using double-digest Restriction site-Associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing, we developed a panel of ~58,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on 20 worldwide Ae. albopictus populations representing both the invasive and the native range. We used this genomic-based approach to study the genetic structure and the differentiation of Ae. albopictus populations and to understand origin(s) and dynamics of the recent invasions. Our analyses indicated the existence of two major genetically differentiated population clusters, each one including both native and invasive populations. The detection of additional genetic structure within each major cluster supports that these SNPs can detect differentiation at a global and local scale, while the similar levels of genomic diversity between native and invasive range populations support the scenario of multiple invasions or colonization by a large number of propagules. Finally, our results revealed the possible source(s) of the recent invasion in Americas, Europe, and Africa, a finding with important implications for vector-control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Public Health and Infectious DiseaseSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Guido Favia
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of CamerinoCamerinoItaly
| | - Ademir J. Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Controle de Artrópodes VetoresIOC‐FIOCRUZRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Sandra Urbanelli
- Department of Environmental BiologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | - Adalgisa Caccone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA
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22
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King SA, Onayifeke B, Akorli J, Sibomana I, Chabi J, Manful-Gwira T, Dadzie S, Suzuki T, Wilson MD, Boakye DA, de Souza DK. The Role of Detoxification Enzymes in the Adaptation of the Major Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae (Giles; Diptera: Culicidae) to Polluted Water. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1674-1683. [PMID: 28968911 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The main malaria vectors in sub-Saharan Africa, the Anopheles gambiae (Giles; Diptera: Culicidae), normally breed in clean water sources. However, evidence suggests an on-going adaptation of Anopheline species to polluted breeding habitats in urban settings. This study aimed at understanding the adaptation to breeding in water bodies with different qualities, in five selected mosquito breeding sites in urban Accra, Ghana. The study sites were also evaluated for the WHO water-quality parameters as a measure of pollution, and insecticide residues. Field mosquitoes were evaluated for five genes; CYP6P3, CYP4H19, CYP4H24, GSTD1-4, and ABCC11-associated with insecticide detoxification-using quantitative RT-PCR, as well as Mono-oxygenase, Alpha Esterase, Glutathione S-transferase, and insensitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using biochemical enzyme assays. The lab-reared, insecticide susceptible An. gambiae Kisumu strain was bred in the most polluted water source for 10 generations and evaluated for the same genes and enzymes. The results revealed that the fold expression of the genes was higher in the larvae compared with the adults. The results also suggest that detoxification enzymes could be involved in the adaptation of An. gambiae to polluted breeding sites. Correlation analysis revealed a highly positive significant correlation between calcium levels and all five genes (P < 0.05). Stepwise linear regression to understand which of the variables predicted the expression of the genes revealed that sulphate was responsible for ABCC11 and CYP4H24, alkalinity for GSTD1-4, and calcium for CYP4H19 and CYP6P3. The detailed genetic basis of this adaptation need to be further investigated. A further understanding of this adaptation may provide outlooks for controlling malaria and other disease vectors adapted to polluted breeding water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A King
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Bibian Onayifeke
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Jewelna Akorli
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Isaie Sibomana
- Molecular Bioeffects Branch, Airman Systems Directorate, 711th Human Performance Wing, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433
| | - Joseph Chabi
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Theresa Manful-Gwira
- West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Dadzie
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Section of Environmental Parasitology, Kobe-Tokiwa University, Japan
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Daniel A Boakye
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
| | - Dziedzom K de Souza
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana
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23
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Maney DL. Polymorphisms in sex steroid receptors: From gene sequence to behavior. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 47:47-65. [PMID: 28705582 PMCID: PMC6312198 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sex steroid receptors have received much interest as potential mediators of human behaviors and mental disorders. Candidate gene association studies have identified about 50 genetic variants of androgen and estrogen receptors that correlate with human behavioral phenotypes. Because most of these polymorphisms lie outside coding regions, discerning their effect on receptor function is not straightforward. Thus, although discoveries of associations improve our ability to predict risk, they have not greatly advanced our understanding of underlying mechanisms. This article is intended to serve as a starting point for psychologists and other behavioral biologists to consider potential mechanisms. Here, I review associations between polymorphisms in sex steroid receptors and human behavioral phenotypes. I then consider ways in which genetic variation can affect processes such as mRNA transcription, splicing, and stability. Finally, I suggest ways that hypotheses about mechanism can be tested, for example using in vitro assays and/or animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L Maney
- Department of Psychology, 36 Eagle Row, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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24
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Moshtaghi A, Rahi ML, Mather PB, Hurwood DA. Understanding the Genomic Basis of Adaptive Response to Variable Osmotic Niches in Freshwater Prawns: A Comparative Intraspecific RNA-Seq Analysis of Macrobrachium australiense. J Hered 2017; 108:544-552. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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25
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Rahi ML, Amin S, Mather PB, Hurwood DA. Candidate genes that have facilitated freshwater adaptation by palaemonid prawns in the genus Macrobrachium: identification and expression validation in a model species ( M. koombooloomba). PeerJ 2017; 5:e2977. [PMID: 28194319 PMCID: PMC5301973 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The endemic Australian freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium koombooloomba, provides a model for exploring genes involved with freshwater adaptation because it is one of the relatively few Macrobrachium species that can complete its entire life cycle in freshwater. Methods The present study was conducted to identify potential candidate genes that are likely to contribute to effective freshwater adaptation by M. koombooloomba using a transcriptomics approach. De novo assembly of 75 bp paired end 227,564,643 high quality Illumina raw reads from 6 different cDNA libraries revealed 125,917 contigs of variable lengths (200–18,050 bp) with an N50 value of 1597. Results In total, 31,272 (24.83%) of the assembled contigs received significant blast hits, of which 27,686 and 22,560 contigs were mapped and functionally annotated, respectively. CEGMA (Core Eukaryotic Genes Mapping Approach) based transcriptome quality assessment revealed 96.37% completeness. We identified 43 different potential genes that are likely to be involved with freshwater adaptation in M. koombooloomba. Identified candidate genes included: 25 genes for osmoregulation, five for cell volume regulation, seven for stress tolerance, three for body fluid (haemolymph) maintenance, eight for epithelial permeability and water channel regulation, nine for egg size control and three for larval development. RSEM (RNA-Seq Expectation Maximization) based abundance estimation revealed that 6,253, 5,753 and 3,795 transcripts were expressed (at TPM value ≥10) in post larvae, juveniles and adults, respectively. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis showed that 15 genes were expressed differentially in different individuals but these genes apparently were not involved with freshwater adaptation but rather were involved in growth, development and reproductive maturation. Discussion The genomic resources developed here will be useful for better understanding the molecular basis of freshwater adaptation in Macrobrachium prawns and other crustaceans more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Lifat Rahi
- Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Earth Environment and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Shorash Amin
- Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - Peter B Mather
- Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Earth Environment and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
| | - David A Hurwood
- Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Earth Environment and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Queensland , Australia
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26
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Estoup A, Ravigné V, Hufbauer R, Vitalis R, Gautier M, Facon B. Is There a Genetic Paradox of Biological Invasion? ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-121415-032116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Estoup
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 34988 Montferrier sur Lez, France;
| | - Virginie Ravigné
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
| | - Ruth Hufbauer
- Department of Bioagricultural Science and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523
| | - Renaud Vitalis
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 34988 Montferrier sur Lez, France;
| | - Mathieu Gautier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 34988 Montferrier sur Lez, France;
| | - Benoit Facon
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 34988 Montferrier sur Lez, France;
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey W. Dunn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Brown University 80 Waterman St Providence RIUSA
| | - Catriona Munro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Brown University 80 Waterman St Providence RIUSA
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28
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Prudent X, Parra G, Schwede P, Roscito JG, Hiller M. Controlling for Phylogenetic Relatedness and Evolutionary Rates Improves the Discovery of Associations Between Species' Phenotypic and Genomic Differences. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:2135-50. [PMID: 27222536 PMCID: PMC4948712 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing number of sequenced genomes allows us now to address a key question in genetics and evolutionary biology: which genomic changes underlie particular phenotypic changes between species? Previously, we developed a computational framework called Forward Genomics that associates phenotypic to genomic differences by focusing on phenotypes that are independently lost in different lineages. However, our previous implementation had three main limitations. Here, we present two new Forward Genomics methods that overcome these limitations by (1) directly controlling for phylogenetic relatedness, (2) controlling for differences in evolutionary rates, and (3) computing a statistical significance. We demonstrate on large-scale simulated data and on real data that both new methods substantially improve the sensitivity to detect associations between phenotypic and genomic differences. We applied these new methods to detect genomic differences involved in the loss of vision in the blind mole rat and the cape golden mole, two independent subterranean mammals. Forward Genomics identified several genes that are enriched in functions related to eye development and the perception of light, as well as genes involved in the circadian rhythm. These new Forward Genomics methods represent a significant advance in our ability to discover the genomic basis underlying phenotypic differences between species. Source code: https://github.com/hillerlab/ForwardGenomics/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Prudent
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Genis Parra
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Schwede
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Juliana G Roscito
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Hiller
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
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29
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Sato MP, Makino T, Kawata M. Natural selection in a population of Drosophila melanogaster explained by changes in gene expression caused by sequence variation in core promoter regions. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:35. [PMID: 26860869 PMCID: PMC4748610 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0606-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the evolutionary forces that influence variation in gene regulatory regions in natural populations is an important challenge for evolutionary biology because natural selection for such variations could promote adaptive phenotypic evolution. Recently, whole-genome sequence analyses have identified regulatory regions subject to natural selection. However, these studies could not identify the relationship between sequence variation in the detected regions and change in gene expression levels. We analyzed sequence variations in core promoter regions, which are critical regions for gene regulation in higher eukaryotes, in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster, and identified core promoter sequence variations associated with differences in gene expression levels subjected to natural selection. Results Among the core promoter regions whose sequence variation could change transcription factor binding sites and explain differences in expression levels, three core promoter regions were detected as candidates associated with purifying selection or selective sweep and seven as candidates associated with balancing selection, excluding the possibility of linkage between these regions and core promoter regions. CHKov1, which confers resistance to the sigma virus and related insecticides, was identified as core promoter regions that has been subject to selective sweep, although it could not be denied that selection for variation in core promoter regions was due to linked single nucleotide polymorphisms in the regulatory region outside core promoter regions. Nucleotide changes in core promoter regions of CHKov1 caused the loss of two basal transcription factor binding sites and acquisition of one transcription factor binding site, resulting in decreased gene expression levels. Of nine core promoter regions regions associated with balancing selection, brat, and CG9044 are associated with neuromuscular junction development, and Nmda1 are associated with learning, behavioral plasticity, and memory. Diversity of neural and behavioral traits may have been maintained by balancing selection. Conclusions Our results revealed the evolutionary process occurring by natural selection for differences in gene expression levels caused by sequence variation in core promoter regions in a natural population. The sequences of core promoter regions were diverse even within the population, possibly providing a source for natural selection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0606-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko P Sato
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Takashi Makino
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Masakado Kawata
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
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Hornoy B, Pavy N, Gérardi S, Beaulieu J, Bousquet J. Genetic Adaptation to Climate in White Spruce Involves Small to Moderate Allele Frequency Shifts in Functionally Diverse Genes. Genome Biol Evol 2015; 7:3269-85. [PMID: 26560341 PMCID: PMC4700950 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of adaptation to climate is of paramount importance for preserving and managing genetic diversity in plants in a context of climate change. Yet, this objective has been addressed mainly in short-lived model species. Thus, expanding knowledge to nonmodel species with contrasting life histories, such as forest trees, appears necessary. To uncover the genetic basis of adaptation to climate in the widely distributed boreal conifer white spruce (Picea glauca), an environmental association study was conducted using 11,085 single nucleotide polymorphisms representing 7,819 genes, that is, approximately a quarter of the transcriptome. Linear and quadratic regressions controlling for isolation-by-distance, and the Random Forest algorithm, identified several dozen genes putatively under selection, among which 43 showed strongest signals along temperature and precipitation gradients. Most of them were related to temperature. Small to moderate shifts in allele frequencies were observed. Genes involved encompassed a wide variety of functions and processes, some of them being likely important for plant survival under biotic and abiotic environmental stresses according to expression data. Literature mining and sequence comparison also highlighted conserved sequences and functions with angiosperm homologs. Our results are consistent with theoretical predictions that local adaptation involves genes with small frequency shifts when selection is recent and gene flow among populations is high. Accordingly, genetic adaptation to climate in P. glauca appears to be complex, involving many independent and interacting gene functions, biochemical pathways, and processes. From an applied perspective, these results shall lead to specific functional/association studies in conifers and to the development of markers useful for the conservation of genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hornoy
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Pavy
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Gérardi
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Beaulieu
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Canada Research Chair in Forest and Environmental Genomics, Centre for Forest Research and Institute for Systems and Integrative Biology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
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31
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Daane JM, Rohner N, Konstantinidis P, Djuranovic S, Harris MP. Parallelism and Epistasis in Skeletal Evolution Identified through Use of Phylogenomic Mapping Strategies. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 33:162-73. [PMID: 26452532 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of genetic mechanisms underlying evolutionary change is critical to our understanding of natural diversity, but is presently limited by the lack of genetic and genomic resources for most species. Here, we present a new comparative genomic approach that can be applied to a broad taxonomic sampling of nonmodel species to investigate the genetic basis of evolutionary change. Using our analysis pipeline, we show that duplication and divergence of fgfr1a is correlated with the reduction of scales within fishes of the genus Phoxinellus. As a parallel genetic mechanism is observed in scale-reduction within independent lineages of cypriniforms, our finding exposes significant developmental constraint guiding morphological evolution. In addition, we identified fixed variation in fgf20a within Phoxinellus and demonstrated that combinatorial loss-of-function of fgfr1a and fgf20a within zebrafish phenocopies the evolved scalation pattern. Together, these findings reveal epistatic interactions between fgfr1a and fgf20a as a developmental mechanism regulating skeletal variation among fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Daane
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Orthopaedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Konstantinidis
- Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA
| | - Sergej Djuranovic
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, Saint Louis
| | - Matthew P Harris
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Orthopaedic Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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32
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Dunn CW, Ryan JF. The evolution of animal genomes. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2015; 35:25-32. [PMID: 26363125 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Genome sequences are now available for hundreds of species sampled across the animal phylogeny, bringing key features of animal genome evolution into sharper focus. The field of animal evolutionary genomics has focused on identifying and classifying the diversity genomic features, reconstructing the history of evolutionary changes in animal genomes, and testing hypotheses about the evolutionary relationships of animals. The grand challenges moving forward are to connect evolutionary changes in genomes with particular evolutionary changes in phenotypes, and to determine which changes are driven by selection. This will require far greater genome sampling both across and within species, extensive phenotype data, a well resolved animal phylogeny, and advances in comparative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey W Dunn
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, 80 Waterman St., Providence, RI 02906, USA.
| | - Joseph F Ryan
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd., St Augustine, FL 32080, USA; Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Rodríguez-Mega E, Piñeyro-Nelson A, Gutierrez C, García-Ponce B, Sánchez MDLP, Zluhan-Martínez E, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Garay-Arroyo A. Role of transcriptional regulation in the evolution of plant phenotype: A dynamic systems approach. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:1074-1095. [PMID: 25733163 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that alterations in transcriptional regulation of genes involved in modulating development are an important part of phenotypic evolution, and this can be documented among species and within populations. While the effects of differential transcriptional regulation in organismal development have been preferentially studied in animal systems, this phenomenon has also been addressed in plants. In this review, we summarize evidence for cis-regulatory mutations, trans-regulatory changes and epigenetic modifications as molecular events underlying important phenotypic alterations, and thus shaping the evolution of plant development. We postulate that a mechanistic understanding of why such molecular alterations have a key role in development, morphology and evolution will have to rely on dynamic models of complex regulatory networks that consider the concerted action of genetic and nongenetic components, and that also incorporate the restrictions underlying the genotype to phenotype mapping process. Developmental Dynamics 244:1074-1095, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Rodríguez-Mega
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo, Evolución y Epigenética de Plantas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior junto al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, México
| | - Alma Piñeyro-Nelson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Crisanto Gutierrez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berenice García-Ponce
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo, Evolución y Epigenética de Plantas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior junto al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, México
| | - María De La Paz Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo, Evolución y Epigenética de Plantas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior junto al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, México
| | - Estephania Zluhan-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo, Evolución y Epigenética de Plantas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior junto al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, México
| | - Elena R Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo, Evolución y Epigenética de Plantas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior junto al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, México
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo, Evolución y Epigenética de Plantas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3er Circuito Exterior junto al Jardín Botánico, Ciudad Universitaria, México.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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34
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Bolotovskiy AA, Levin BA. Thyroid hormone divergence between two closely related but ecologically diverse cyprinid fish species (Cyprinidae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Pardo-Diaz C, Salazar C, Jiggins CD. Towards the identification of the loci of adaptive evolution. Methods Ecol Evol 2015; 6:445-464. [PMID: 25937885 PMCID: PMC4409029 DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
1. Establishing the genetic and molecular basis underlying adaptive traits is one of the major goals of evolutionary geneticists in order to understand the connection between genotype and phenotype and elucidate the mechanisms of evolutionary change. Despite considerable effort to address this question, there remain relatively few systems in which the genes shaping adaptations have been identified. 2. Here, we review the experimental tools that have been applied to document the molecular basis underlying evolution in several natural systems, in order to highlight their benefits, limitations and suitability. In most cases, a combination of DNA, RNA and functional methodologies with field experiments will be needed to uncover the genes and mechanisms shaping adaptation in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pardo-Diaz
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del RosarioCarrera 24 No 63C-69, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del RosarioCarrera 24 No 63C-69, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of CambridgeDowning Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
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36
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Hamilton JA, Okada M, Korves T, Schmitt J. The role of climate adaptation in colonization success inArabidopsis thaliana. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:2253-63. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Hamilton
- Department of Evolution and Ecology; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Miki Okada
- Department of Evolution and Ecology; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Tonia Korves
- Data Analytics Department; The MITRE Corporation; 202 Burlington Rd, Bedford MA 01730 USA
| | - Johanna Schmitt
- Department of Evolution and Ecology; University of California; Davis CA 95616 USA
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37
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Leder EH, McCairns RJS, Leinonen T, Cano JM, Viitaniemi HM, Nikinmaa M, Primmer CR, Merilä J. The evolution and adaptive potential of transcriptional variation in sticklebacks--signatures of selection and widespread heritability. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:674-89. [PMID: 25429004 PMCID: PMC4327155 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence implicating differential gene expression as a significant driver of evolutionary novelty continues to accumulate, but our understanding of the underlying sources of variation in expression, both environmental and genetic, is wanting. Heritability in particular may be underestimated when inferred from genetic mapping studies, the predominant "genetical genomics" approach to the study of expression variation. Such uncertainty represents a fundamental limitation to testing for adaptive evolution at the transcriptomic level. By studying the inheritance of expression levels in 10,495 genes (10,527 splice variants) in a threespine stickleback pedigree consisting of 563 individuals, half of which were subjected to a thermal treatment, we show that 74-98% of transcripts exhibit significant additive genetic variance. Dominance variance is also prevalent (41-99% of transcripts), and genetic sources of variation seem to play a more significant role in expression variance in the liver than a key environmental variable, temperature. Among-population comparisons suggest that the majority of differential expression in the liver is likely due to neutral divergence; however, we also show that signatures of directional selection may be more prevalent than those of stabilizing selection. This predominantly aligns with the neutral model of evolution for gene expression but also suggests that natural selection may still act on transcriptional variation in the wild. As genetic variation both within- and among-populations ultimately defines adaptive potential, these results indicate that broad adaptive potential may be found within the transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica H Leder
- Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - R J Scott McCairns
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Leinonen
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - José M Cano
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO-CSIC-PA), University of Oviedo, Mieres, Spain
| | - Heidi M Viitaniemi
- Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Nikinmaa
- Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Craig R Primmer
- Division of Genetics and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Merilä
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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38
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Alvarez M, Schrey AW, Richards CL. Ten years of transcriptomics in wild populations: what have we learned about their ecology and evolution? Mol Ecol 2015; 24:710-25. [PMID: 25604587 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular ecology has moved beyond the use of a relatively small number of markers, often noncoding, and it is now possible to use whole-genome measures of gene expression with microarrays and RNAseq (i.e. transcriptomics) to capture molecular response to environmental challenges. While transcriptome studies are shedding light on the mechanistic basis of traits as complex as personality or physiological response to catastrophic events, these approaches are still challenging because of the required technical expertise, difficulties with analysis and cost. Still, we found that in the last 10 years, 575 studies used microarrays or RNAseq in ecology. These studies broadly address three questions that reflect the progression of the field: (i) How much variation in gene expression is there and how is it structured? (ii) How do environmental stimuli affect gene expression? (iii) How does gene expression affect phenotype? We discuss technical aspects of RNAseq and microarray technology, and a framework that leverages the advantages of both. Further, we highlight future directions of research, particularly related to moving beyond correlation and the development of additional annotation resources. Measuring gene expression across an array of taxa in ecological settings promises to enrich our understanding of ecology and genome function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Alvarez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
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39
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Natarajan C, Hoffmann FG, Lanier HC, Wolf CJ, Cheviron ZA, Spangler ML, Weber RE, Fago A, Storz JF. Intraspecific polymorphism, interspecific divergence, and the origins of function-altering mutations in deer mouse hemoglobin. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:978-97. [PMID: 25556236 PMCID: PMC4379404 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major challenges for illuminating the genetic basis of phenotypic evolution are to identify causative mutations, to quantify their functional effects, to trace their origins as new or preexisting variants, and to assess the manner in which segregating variation is transduced into species differences. Here, we report an experimental analysis of genetic variation in hemoglobin (Hb) function within and among species of Peromyscus mice that are native to different elevations. A multilocus survey of sequence variation in the duplicated HBA and HBB genes in Peromyscus maniculatus revealed that function-altering amino acid variants are widely shared among geographically disparate populations from different elevations, and numerous amino acid polymorphisms are also shared with closely related species. Variation in Hb-O2 affinity within and among populations of P. maniculatus is attributable to numerous amino acid mutations that have individually small effects. One especially surprising feature of the Hb polymorphism in P. maniculatus is that an appreciable fraction of functional standing variation in the two transcriptionally active HBA paralogs is attributable to recurrent gene conversion from a tandemly linked HBA pseudogene. Moreover, transpecific polymorphism in the duplicated HBA genes is not solely attributable to incomplete lineage sorting or introgressive hybridization; instead, it is mainly attributable to recurrent interparalog gene conversion that has occurred independently in different species. Partly as a result of concerted evolution between tandemly duplicated globin genes, the same amino acid changes that contribute to variation in Hb function within P. maniculatus also contribute to divergence in Hb function among different species of Peromyscus. In the case of function-altering Hb mutations in Peromyscus, there is no qualitative or quantitative distinction between segregating variants within species and fixed differences between species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico G Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University
| | - Hayley C Lanier
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming at Casper
| | - Cole J Wolf
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | - Zachary A Cheviron
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - Roy E Weber
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Angela Fago
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jay F Storz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
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Evolutionary genetic bases of longevity and senescence. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 847:1-44. [PMID: 25916584 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2404-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Senescence, as a time-dependent developmental process, affects all organisms at every stage in their development and growth. During this process, genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors are known to introduce a wide range of variation for longevity among individuals. As an important life-history trait, longevity shows ontogenetic relationships with other complex traits, and hence may be viewed as a composite trait. Factors that influence the origin and maintenance of diversity of life are ultimately governed by Darwinian processes. Here we review evolutionary genetic mechanisms underlying longevity and senescence in humans from a life-history and genotype-epigenetic-phenotype (G-E-P) map prospective. We suggest that synergistic and cascading effects of cis-ruptive mechanisms in the genome, and epigenetic disruptive processes in relation to environmental factors may lead to sequential slippage in the G-E-P space. These mechanisms accompany age, stage and individual specific senescent processes, influenced by positive pleiotropy of certain genes, superior genome integrity, negative-frequency dependent selection and other factors that universally regulate rarity in nature. Finally we interpret life span as an inherent property of self-organizing systems that, accordingly, maintain species-specific limits for the entire complex of fitness traits. We conclude that Darwinian approaches provide unique opportunities to discover the biological bases of longevity as well as devise individual specific medical or other interventions toward improving health span.
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41
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Hanifin CT, Gilly WF. Evolutionary history of a complex adaptation: tetrodotoxin resistance in salamanders. Evolution 2014; 69:232-44. [PMID: 25346116 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the processes that generate novel adaptive phenotypes is central to evolutionary biology. We used comparative analyses to reveal the history of tetrodotoxin (TTX) resistance in TTX-bearing salamanders. Resistance to TTX is a critical component of the ability to use TTX defensively but the origin of the TTX-bearing phenotype is unclear. Skeletal muscle of TTX-bearing salamanders (modern newts, family: Salamandridae) is unaffected by TTX at doses far in excess of those that block action potentials in muscle and nerve of other vertebrates. Skeletal muscle of non-TTX-bearing salamandrids is also resistant to TTX but at lower levels. Skeletal muscle TTX resistance in the Salamandridae results from the expression of TTX-resistant variants of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV 1.4 (SCN4a). We identified four substitutions in the coding region of salSCN4a that are likely responsible for the TTX resistance measured in TTX-bearing salamanders and variation at one of these sites likely explains variation in TTX resistance among other lineages. Our results suggest that exaptation has played a role in the evolution of the TTX-bearing phenotype and provide empirical evidence that complex physiological adaptations can arise through the accumulation of beneficial mutations in the coding region of conserved proteins.
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Lowe CB, Clarke JA, Baker AJ, Haussler D, Edwards SV. Feather development genes and associated regulatory innovation predate the origin of Dinosauria. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 32:23-8. [PMID: 25415961 PMCID: PMC4271537 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of avian feathers has recently been illuminated by fossils and the identification of genes involved in feather patterning and morphogenesis. However, molecular studies have focused mainly on protein-coding genes. Using comparative genomics and more than 600,000 conserved regulatory elements, we show that patterns of genome evolution in the vicinity of feather genes are consistent with a major role for regulatory innovation in the evolution of feathers. Rates of innovation at feather regulatory elements exhibit an extended period of innovation with peaks in the ancestors of amniotes and archosaurs. We estimate that 86% of such regulatory elements and 100% of the nonkeratin feather gene set were present prior to the origin of Dinosauria. On the branch leading to modern birds, we detect a strong signal of regulatory innovation near insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) 2 and IGFBP5, which have roles in body size reduction, and may represent a genomic signature for the miniaturization of dinosaurian body size preceding the origin of flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig B Lowe
- Department of Developmental Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Julia A Clarke
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX
| | - Allan J Baker
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (Deceased)
| | - David Haussler
- Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz
| | - Scott V Edwards
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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43
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Ecological effects on phenotypic, cytological and biochemical diversity of Cornus officinalis germplasm resources in China and USA. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Etges WJ. No boundaries: genomes, organisms, and ecological interactions responsible for divergence and reproductive isolation. J Hered 2014; 105 Suppl 1:756-70. [PMID: 25149252 PMCID: PMC4170711 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Revealing the genetic basis of traits that cause reproductive isolation, particularly premating or sexual isolation, usually involves the same challenges as most attempts at genotype-phenotype mapping and so requires knowledge of how these traits are expressed in different individuals, populations, and environments, particularly under natural conditions. Genetic dissection of speciation phenotypes thus requires understanding of the internal and external contexts in which underlying genetic elements are expressed. Gene expression is a product of complex interacting factors internal and external to the organism including developmental programs, the genetic background including nuclear-cytotype interactions, epistatic relationships, interactions among individuals or social effects, stochasticity, and prevailing variation in ecological conditions. Understanding of genomic divergence associated with reproductive isolation will be facilitated by functional expression analysis of annotated genomes in organisms with well-studied evolutionary histories, phylogenetic affinities, and known patterns of ecological variation throughout their life cycles. I review progress and prospects for understanding the pervasive role of host plant use on genetic and phenotypic expression of reproductive isolating mechanisms in cactophilic Drosophila mojavensis and suggest how this system can be used as a model for revealing the genetic basis for species formation in organisms where speciation phenotypes are under the joint influences of genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Etges
- From Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR.
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Shaffer HB, Purugganan MD. Introduction to Theme “Genomics in Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics”. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-081913-123118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between genomics and the core disciplines of ecology, evolution, and systematics is rapidly developing, computationally intensive, and changing the ways that our science asks and answers its most fundamental questions. As the six papers under this theme in this volume of AREES demonstrate, comparative and population genomics stand to fundamentally change how we study the nature of adaptation, the tempo and mode of evolution, and the history of life on Earth. Genomics is enabling our understanding of questions ranging from human historical demography to conservation biology of poorly known plants and animals, enhancing the role of organismal biology across basic and applied science.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Bradley Shaffer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and La Kretz Center for California Conservation Science, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Michael D. Purugganan
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York 10003
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