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Leitão E, Castellanos DF, Park G, Dam HG. Antagonistic interactions of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella under simultaneous warming and acidification. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 134:102625. [PMID: 38705619 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
There is a concern that harmful algal bloom (HAB) species may increase under climate change. Yet, we lack understanding of how ecological interactions will be affected under ocean warming and acidification (OWA) conditions. We tested the antagonistic effects of three strains of the dinoflagellate HAB species Alexandrium catenella on three target species (the chlorophyte Tetraselmis sp., the cryptomonad Rhodomonas salina, and the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii) at various biomass ratios between species, at ambient (16 °C and 400 µatm CO2) and OWA (20 °C and 2000 µatm CO2) conditions. In these experiments the Alexandrium strains had been raised under OWA conditions for ∼100 generations. All three non-HAB species increased their growth rate under OWA relative to ambient conditions. Growth rate inhibition was evident for R. salina and Tetraselmis sp. under OWA conditions, but not under ambient conditions. These negative effects were exacerbated at higher concentrations of Alexandrium relative to non-HAB species. By contrast, T. weissflogii showed positive growth in the presence of two strains of Alexandrium under ambient conditions, whereas growth was unaffected under OWA. Contrary to our expectations, A. catenella had a slight negative response in the presence of the diatom. These results demonstrate that Alexandrium exerts higher antagonistic effects under OWA compared to ambient conditions, and these effects are species-specific and density dependent. These negative effects may shift phytoplankton community composition under OWA conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewaldo Leitão
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Diana F Castellanos
- Biology Department, Pomona College, 175 W. 6th St., Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Gihong Park
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Hans G Dam
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
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2
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Guimarães LSF, de Carvalho-Junior L, Façanha GL, Resende NDS, Neves LM, Cardoso SJ. Meta-analysis of the thermal pollution caused by coastal nuclear power plants and its effects on marine biodiversity. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115452. [PMID: 37677976 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The rise in seawater temperature due to industrial activities is one of the main threats to marine biodiversity. In nuclear power plants, large volumes of water are used for their operation, returning to the ecosystem at higher temperatures. A global meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the thermal effects caused by coastal nuclear power plants on marine organisms. We found 853 articles of which, 99 were included in the qualitative analysis and 75 in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed an increase of 4.38 °C in water temperature near the outfall, and the temperature variation of each study was found to be associated with the power plant latitudes. The main effects on organisms were related to changes in the structure and composition of aquatic communities, with species abundance, distribution, dominance, and density being the most cited ones. Among the affected groups, photosynthesizing microorganisms were the most cited, potentially contributing to shifts in ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Soares Ferreira Guimarães
- Laboratory of Plankton Ecology, Department of Zoology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Lécio de Carvalho-Junior
- Laboratory of Plankton Ecology, Department of Zoology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil; Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Education, Department of Environmental Sciences, Campus Três Rios, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Três Rios, RJ 25802-100, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Lima Façanha
- Laboratory of Plankton Ecology, Department of Zoology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Nathália da Silva Resende
- Laboratory of Plankton Ecology, Department of Zoology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Mitrano Neves
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Education, Department of Environmental Sciences, Campus Três Rios, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Três Rios, RJ 25802-100, Brazil
| | - Simone Jaqueline Cardoso
- Laboratory of Plankton Ecology, Department of Zoology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil.
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3
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Ye M, Xiao M, Zhang S, Huang J, Lin J, Lu Y, Liang S, Zhao J, Dai X, Xu L, Li M, Zhou Y, Overmans S, Xia J, Jin P. Multi-trait analysis reveals large interspecific differences for phytoplankton in response to thermal change. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 188:106008. [PMID: 37121174 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the responses of multiple traits in phytoplankton, and identifying interspecific variabilities to thermal changes is crucial for predicting the impacts of ocean warming on phytoplankton distributions and community structures in future scenarios. Here, we applied a trait-based approach by examining the patterns in multi-traits variations (eight traits) and interspecific variabilities in five phytoplankton species (two diatoms, three dinoflagellates) in response to a wide range of ecologically relevant temperatures (14-30 °C). Our results show large inter-traits and interspecific variabilities of thermal reaction norms in all of the tested traits. We also found that the interspecific variability exceeded the variations induced by thermal changes. Constrained variations and trade-offs between traits both revealed substantial interspecific differences and shifted as the temperature changed. Our study helps to understand the species-specific response patterns of multiple traits to ocean warming and to investigate the implications of these responses in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengcheng Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengting Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shufei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiamin Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yucong Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shiman Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoying Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Leyao Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mingke Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yunyue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sebastian Overmans
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Wan J, Zhou Y, Beardall J, Raven JA, Lin J, Huang J, Lu Y, Liang S, Ye M, Xiao M, Zhao JY, Dai X, Xia J, Jin P. DNA methylation and gene transcription act cooperatively in driving the adaptation of a marine diatom to global change. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad150. [PMID: 37100754 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Genetic changes together with epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation have been demonstrated to regulate many biological processes and thereby govern the response of organisms to environmental changes. However, how DNA methylation might act cooperatively with gene transcription and thereby mediate the long-term adaptive responses of marine microalgae to global change is virtually unknown. Here we performed a transcriptomic analysis, and a whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, along with phenotypic analysis of a model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum adapted for two years to high CO2 and/or warming conditions. Our results show that the methylated islands (peaks of methylation) mCHH were positively correlated with expression of genes in the sub-region of the gene body when the populations were grown under high CO2 or its combination with warming for ~2 years. We further identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and hence the metabolic pathways in which they function, at the transcriptomics level in differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Although DEGs in DMRs contributed only 18-24% of the total DEGs, we found that those DEGs acted cooperatively with DNA methylation and then regulated key processes such as central carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and degradation of misfolded proteins. Taken together, by integrating transcriptomic, epigenetic and phenotypic analysis, our study provides evidence for DNA methylation acting cooperatively with gene transcription to contribute to the adaptation of microalgae to global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaofeng Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yunyue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - John A Raven
- Division of Plant Science, University of Dundee at the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jiamin Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yucong Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shiman Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengcheng Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengting Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jing Yuan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoying Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Malusare SP, Zilio G, Fronhofer EA. Evolution of thermal performance curves: A meta-analysis of selection experiments. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:15-28. [PMID: 36129955 PMCID: PMC10087336 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Temperatures are increasing due to global changes, putting biodiversity at risk. Organisms are faced with a limited set of options to cope with this situation: adapt, disperse or die. We here focus on the first possibility, more specifically, on evolutionary adaptations to temperature. Ectotherms are usually characterized by a hump-shaped relationship between fitness and temperature, a non-linear reaction norm that is referred to as thermal performance curve (TPC). To understand and predict impacts of global change, we need to know whether and how such TPCs evolve. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature search and a statistical meta-analysis focusing on experimental evolution and artificial selection studies. This focus allows us to directly quantify relative fitness responses to temperature selection by calculating fitness differences between TPCs from ancestral and derived populations after thermal selection. Out of 7561 publications screened, we found 47 studies corresponding to our search criteria representing taxa across the tree of life, from bacteria, to plants and vertebrates. We show that, independently of species identity, the studies we found report a positive response to temperature selection. Considering entire TPC shapes, adaptation to higher temperatures traded off with fitness at lower temperatures, leading to niche shifts. Effects were generally stronger in unicellular organisms. By contrast, we do not find statistical support for the often discussed "Hotter is better" hypothesis. While our meta-analysis provides evidence for adaptive potential of TPCs across organisms, it also highlights that more experimental work is needed, especially for under-represented taxa, such as plants and non-model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarthak P Malusare
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Giacomo Zilio
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Emanuel A Fronhofer
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
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Jin P, Wan J, Zhou Y, Gao K, Beardall J, Lin J, Huang J, Lu Y, Liang S, Wang K, Ma Z, Xia J. Increased genetic diversity loss and genetic differentiation in a model marine diatom adapted to ocean warming compared to high CO 2. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2587-2598. [PMID: 35948613 PMCID: PMC9561535 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Although high CO2 and warming could act interactively on marine phytoplankton, little is known about the molecular basis for this interaction on an evolutionary scale. Here we explored the adaptation to high CO2 in combination with warming in a model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Whole-genome re-sequencing identifies, in comparison to populations grown under control conditions, a larger genetic diversity loss and a higher genetic differentiation in the populations adapted for 2 years to warming than in those adapted to high CO2. However, this diversity loss was less under high CO2 combined with warming, suggesting that the evolution driven by warming was constrained by high CO2. By integrating genomics, transcriptomics, and physiological data, we found that the underlying molecular basis for this constraint is associated with the expression of genes involved in some key metabolic pathways or biological processes, such as the glyoxylate pathway, amino acid and fatty acid metabolism, and diel variability. Our results shed new light on the evolutionary responses of marine phytoplankton to multiple environmental changes in the context of global change and provide new insights into the molecular basis underpinning interactions among those multiple drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaofeng Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yunyue Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
| | - John Beardall
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, Xiamen, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jiamin Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yucong Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shiman Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- Gene Denovo Biotechnology Co, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zengling Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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7
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Fu F, Tschitschko B, Hutchins DA, Larsson ME, Baker KG, McInnes A, Kahlke T, Verma A, Murray SA, Doblin MA. Temperature variability interacts with mean temperature to influence the predictability of microbial phenotypes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5741-5754. [PMID: 35795906 PMCID: PMC9543556 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite their relatively high thermal optima (Topt ), tropical taxa may be particularly vulnerable to a rising baseline and increased temperature variation because they live in relatively stable temperatures closer to their Topt . We examined how microbial eukaryotes with differing thermal histories responded to temperature fluctuations of different amplitudes (0 control, ±2, ±4°C) around mean temperatures below or above their Topt . Cosmopolitan dinoflagellates were selected based on their distinct thermal traits and included two species of the same genus (tropical and temperate Coolia spp.), and two strains of the same species maintained at different temperatures for >500 generations (tropical Amphidinium massartii control temperature and high temperature, CT and HT, respectively). There was a universal decline in population growth rate under temperature fluctuations, but strains with narrower thermal niche breadth (temperate Coolia and HT) showed ~10% greater reduction in growth. At suboptimal mean temperatures, cells in the cool phase of the fluctuation stopped dividing, fixed less carbon (C) and had enlarged cell volumes that scaled positively with elemental C, N, and P and C:Chlorophyll-a. However, at a supra-optimal mean temperature, fixed C was directed away from cell division and novel trait combinations developed, leading to greater phenotypic diversity. At the molecular level, heat-shock proteins, and chaperones, in addition to transcripts involving genome rearrangements, were upregulated in CT and HT during the warm phase of the supra-optimal fluctuation (30 ± 4°C), a stress response indicating protection. In contrast, the tropical Coolia species upregulated major energy pathways in the warm phase of its supra-optimal fluctuation (25 ± 4°C), indicating a broadscale shift in metabolism. Our results demonstrate divergent effects between taxa and that temporal variability in environmental conditions interacts with changes in the thermal mean to mediate microbial responses to global change, with implications for biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei‐Xue Fu
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Bernhard Tschitschko
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyBremenGermany
| | - David A. Hutchins
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michaela E. Larsson
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Kirralee G. Baker
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Allison McInnes
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Centre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical SciencesTranslational Research Institute, Queensland University of TechnologyWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Tim Kahlke
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Arjun Verma
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shauna A. Murray
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Institute of Marine ScienceMosmanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Martina A. Doblin
- Climate Change ClusterUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
- Sydney Institute of Marine ScienceMosmanNew South WalesAustralia
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Dai X, Zhang J, Zeng X, Huang J, Lin J, Lu Y, Liang S, Ye M, Xiao M, Zhao J, Overmans S, Xia J, Jin P. Adaptation of a marine diatom to ocean acidification increases its sensitivity to toxic metal exposure. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114056. [PMID: 36058179 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most previous studies investigating the interplay of ocean acidification (OA) and heavy metal on marine phytoplankton were only conducted in short-term, which may provide conservative estimates of the adaptive capacity of them. Here, we examined the physiological responses of long-term (~900 generations) OA-adapted and non-adapted populations of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to different concentrations of the two heavy metals Cd and Cu. Our results showed that long-term OA selected populations exhibited significantly lower growth and reduced photosynthetic activity than ambient CO2 selected populations at relatively high heavy metal levels. Those findings suggest that the adaptations to high CO2 results in an increased sensitivity of the marine diatom to toxic metal exposure. This study provides evidence for the costs and the cascading consequences associated with the adaptation of phytoplankton to elevated CO2 conditions, and improves our understanding of the complex interactions of future OA and heavy metal pollution in marine waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Dai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiamin Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yucong Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shiman Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengcheng Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mengting Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sebastian Overmans
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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9
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Feng Y, Hou S, Roleda MY, Fu FX. Editorial: Responses of marine microbes to multiple environmental drivers of global change: The interplay of abiotic and biotic factors. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:975841. [PMID: 36147843 PMCID: PMC9488806 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.975841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Feng
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Polar Science (SCOPS), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yuanyuan Feng
| | - Shengwei Hou
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Shengwei Hou
| | - Michael Y. Roleda
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Ås, Norway
- Biomarine Resource Valorisation, Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Bodø, Norway
- The Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Fei-Xue Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences – Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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10
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Net effect of environmental fluctuations in multiple global-change drivers across the tree of life. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205495119. [PMID: 35914141 PMCID: PMC9371701 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205495119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Jensen's inequality predicts that the response of any given system to average constant conditions is different from its average response to varying ones. Environmental fluctuations in abiotic conditions are pervasive on Earth; yet until recently, most ecological research has addressed the effects of multiple environmental drivers by assuming constant conditions. One could thus expect to find significant deviations in the magnitude of their effects on ecosystems when environmental fluctuations are considered. Drawing on experimental studies published during the last 30 years reporting more than 950 response ratios (n = 5,700), we present a comprehensive analysis of the role that environmental fluctuations play across the tree of life. In contrast to the predominance of interactive effects of global-change drivers reported in the literature, our results show that their cumulative effects were additive (58%), synergistic (26%), and antagonistic (16%) when environmental fluctuations were present. However, the dominant type of interaction varied by trophic level (autotrophs: interactive; heterotrophs: additive) and phylogenetic group (additive in Animalia; additive and positive antagonism in Chromista; negative antagonism and synergism in Plantae). In addition, we identify the need to tackle how complex communities respond to fluctuating environments, widening the phylogenetic and biogeographic ranges considered, and to consider other drivers beyond warming and acidification as well as longer timescales. Environmental fluctuations must be taken into account in experimental and modeling studies as well as conservation plans to better predict the nature, magnitude, and direction of the impacts of global change on organisms and ecosystems.
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11
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Alava JJ, McMullen K, Jones J, Barragán-Paladines MJ, Hobbs C, Tirapé A, Calle P, Alarcón D, Muñoz-Pérez JP, Muñoz-Abril L, Townsend KA, Denkinger J, Uyaguari M, Domínguez GA, Espinoza E, Reyes H, Piedrahita P, Fair P, Galloway T, Grove JS, Lewis C, Schofield J. Multiple anthropogenic stressors in the Galápagos Islands' complex social-ecological system: Interactions of marine pollution, fishing pressure, and climate change with management recommendations. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022. [PMID: 35893578 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For decades, multiple anthropogenic stressors have threatened the Galápagos Islands. Widespread marine pollution such as oil spills, persistent organic pollutants, metals, and ocean plastic pollution has been linked to concerning changes in the ecophysiology and health of Galápagos species. Simultaneously, illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing are reshaping the composition and structure of endemic and native Galápagos pelagic communities. In this novel review, we discuss the impact of anthropogenic pollutants and their associated ecotoxicological implications for Galápagos species in the face of climate change stressors. We emphasize the importance of considering fishing pressure and marine pollution, in combination with climate-change impacts, when assessing the evolutionary fitness of species inhabiting the Galápagos. For example, the survival of endemic marine iguanas has been negatively affected by organic hydrocarbons introduced via oil spills, and endangered Galápagos sea lions exhibit detectable concentrations of DDT, triggering potential feminization effects and compromising the species' survival. During periods of ocean warming (El Niño events) when endemic species undergo nutritional stress, climate change may increase the vulnerability of these species to the impacts of pollutants, resulting in the species reaching its population tipping point. Marine plastics are emerging as a deleterious and widespread threat to endemic species. The Galápagos is treasured for its historical significance and its unparalleled living laboratory and display of evolutionary processes; however, this unique and iconic paradise will remain in jeopardy until multidisciplinary and comprehensive preventative management plans are put in place to mitigate and eliminate the effects of anthropogenic stressors facing the islands today. We present a critical analysis and synthesis of anthropogenic stressors with some progress from local and international institutional efforts and call to action more precautionary measures along with new management philosophies focused on understanding the processes of change through research to champion the conservation of the Galápagos. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;00:1-26. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Alava
- Ocean Pollution Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karly McMullen
- Ocean Pollution Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jen Jones
- Galápagos Conservation Trust, London, UK
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | | | - Catherine Hobbs
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ana Tirapé
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Paola Calle
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Alarcón
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) & UNC-Chapel Hill Galápagos Science Center (GSC) Av. Alsacio Northia, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador
- School of Science, Technology, and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Hervey Bay, QLD, Australia
| | - Juan Pablo Muñoz-Pérez
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) & UNC-Chapel Hill Galápagos Science Center (GSC) Av. Alsacio Northia, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador
- School of Science, Technology, and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Hervey Bay, QLD, Australia
| | - Laia Muñoz-Abril
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) & UNC-Chapel Hill Galápagos Science Center (GSC) Av. Alsacio Northia, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena (UPSE), Santa Elena, Ecuador
| | - Kathy Ann Townsend
- School of Science, Technology, and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Hervey Bay, QLD, Australia
| | - Judith Denkinger
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ) & UNC-Chapel Hill Galápagos Science Center (GSC) Av. Alsacio Northia, Isla San Cristóbal, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Miguel Uyaguari
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gustavo A Domínguez
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Espinoza
- Direccion del Parque Nacional Galápagos (Galápagos National Park), Ministerio del Ambiente, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Harry Reyes
- Direccion del Parque Nacional Galápagos (Galápagos National Park), Ministerio del Ambiente, Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Paolo Piedrahita
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, ESPOL Polytechnic University, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Patricia Fair
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tamara Galloway
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Jack Stein Grove
- Galápagos Education & Research Alliance, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ceri Lewis
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
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Mukherjee S, Kuang Z, Ghosh S, Detroja R, Carmi G, Tripathy S, Barash D, Frenkel-Morgenstern M, Nevo E, Li K. Incipient Sympatric Speciation and Evolution of Soil Bacteria Revealed by Metagenomic and Structured Non-Coding RNAs Analysis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081110. [PMID: 35892966 PMCID: PMC9331176 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The microevolutionary dynamics of soil bacteria under microclimatic differences are largely unexplored in contrast to our improving knowledge of their vast diversity. In this study, we performed a comparative metagenomic analysis of two sharply divergent rocks and soil types at the Evolution Plateau (EP) in eastern Upper Galilee, Israel. We have identified the significant differences in bacterial taxonomic diversity, functions, and patterns of RNA-based gene regulation between the bacteria from two different soil types. Furthermore, we have identified several species with a significant genetic divergence of the same species between the two soil types, highlighting the soil bacteria’s incipient sympatric speciation. Abstract Soil bacteria respond rapidly to changes in new environmental conditions. For adaptation to the new environment, they could mutate their genome, which impacts the alternation of the functional and regulatory landscape. Sometimes, these genetic and ecological changes may drive the bacterial evolution and sympatric speciation. Although sympatric speciation has been controversial since Darwin suggested it in 1859, there are several strong theoretical or empirical evidences to support it. Sympatric speciation associated with soil bacteria remains largely unexplored. Here, we provide potential evidence of sympatric speciation of soil bacteria by comparison of metagenomics from two sharply contrasting abutting divergence rock and soil types (Senonian chalk and its rendzina soil, and abutting Pleistocene basalt rock and basalt soil). We identified several bacterial species with significant genetic differences in the same species between the two soil types and ecologies. We show that the bacterial community composition has significantly diverged between the two soils; correspondingly, their functions were differentiated in order to adapt to the local ecological stresses. The ecologies, such as water availability and pH value, shaped the adaptation and speciation of soil bacteria revealed by the clear-cut genetic divergence. Furthermore, by a novel analysis scheme of riboswitches, we highlight significant differences in structured non-coding RNAs between the soil bacteria from two divergence soil types, which could be an important driver for functional adaptation. Our study provides new insight into the evolutionary divergence and incipient sympatric speciation of soil bacteria under microclimatic ecological differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Mukherjee
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730050, China;
- Department of Computer Science, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
- Cancer Genomics and BioComputing of Complex Diseases Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.D.); (G.C.); (M.F.-M.)
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (K.L.)
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730050, China;
| | - Samrat Ghosh
- Computational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700054, India; (S.G.); (S.T.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201009, India
| | - Rajesh Detroja
- Cancer Genomics and BioComputing of Complex Diseases Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.D.); (G.C.); (M.F.-M.)
| | - Gon Carmi
- Cancer Genomics and BioComputing of Complex Diseases Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.D.); (G.C.); (M.F.-M.)
| | - Sucheta Tripathy
- Computational Genomics Laboratory, Department of Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700054, India; (S.G.); (S.T.)
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201009, India
| | - Danny Barash
- Department of Computer Science, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel;
| | - Milana Frenkel-Morgenstern
- Cancer Genomics and BioComputing of Complex Diseases Lab, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (R.D.); (G.C.); (M.F.-M.)
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel;
| | - Kexin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730050, China;
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (K.L.)
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13
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Evolution of Phytoplankton as Estimated from Genetic Diversity. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton are photosynthetic, single-celled organisms producing almost half of all oxygen on Earth and play a central role as prey for higher organisms, making them irreplaceable in the marine food web. As Global Change proceeds, imposing rapidly intensifying selection pressures, phytoplankton are forced to undergo evolution, local extinction, or redistribution, with potentially cascading effects throughout the marine ecosystem. Recent results from the field of population genetics display high levels of standing genetic diversity in natural phytoplankton populations, providing ample ‘evolutionary options’ and implying high adaptive potential to changing conditions. This potential for adaptive evolution is realized in several studies of experimental evolution, even though most of these studies investigate the evolution of only single strains. This, however, shows that phytoplankton not only evolve from standing genetic diversity, but also rely on de novo mutations. Recent global sampling campaigns show that the immense intraspecific diversity of phytoplankton in the marine ecosystem has been significantly underestimated, meaning we are only studying a minor portion of the relevant variability in the context of Global Change and evolution. An increased understanding of genomic diversity is primarily hampered by the low number of ecologically representative reference genomes of eukaryotic phytoplankton and the functional annotation of these. However, emerging technologies relying on metagenome and transcriptome data may offer a more realistic understanding of phytoplankton diversity.
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14
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Jin P, Ji Y, Huang Q, Li P, Pan J, Lu H, Liang Z, Guo Y, Zhong J, Beardall J, Xia J. A reduction in metabolism explains the tradeoffs associated with the long-term adaptation of phytoplankton to high CO 2 concentrations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:2155-2167. [PMID: 34907539 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton are responsible for nearly half of global primary productivity and play crucial roles in the Earth's biogeochemical cycles. However, the long-term adaptive responses of phytoplankton to rising CO2 remains unknown. Here we examine the physiological and proteomics responses of a marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, following long-term (c. 900 generations) selection to high CO2 conditions. Our results show that this diatom responds to long-term high CO2 selection by downregulating proteins involved in energy production (Calvin cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, oxidative pentose phosphate pathway), with a subsequent decrease in photosynthesis and respiration. Nearly similar extents of downregulation of photosynthesis and respiration allow the high CO2 -adapted populations to allocate the same fraction of carbon to growth, thereby maintaining their fitness during the long-term high CO2 selection. These results indicate an important role of metabolism reduction under high CO2 and shed new light on the adaptive mechanisms of phytoplankton in response to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan Ji
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Qingdao Technical College, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Quanting Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinmei Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hua Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhe Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yingyan Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahui Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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15
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Evolution of Phytoplankton in Relation to Their Physiological Traits. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Defining the physiological traits that characterise phytoplankton involves comparison with related organisms in benthic habitats. Comparison of survival time in darkness under natural conditions requires more information. Gas vesicles and flagella as mechanisms of upward movement relative to surrounding water, allowing periodic vertical migration, are not confined to plankton, although buoyancy changes related to compositional changes of a large central vacuole may be restricted to plankton. Benthic microalgae have the same range of photosynthetic pigments as phytoplankton; it is not clear if there are differences in the rate of regulation and acclimation of photosynthetic machinery to variations in irradiance for phytoplankton and for microphytobenthos. There are inadequate data to determine if responses to variations in frequency or magnitude of changes in the supply of inorganic carbon, nitrogen or phosphorus differ between phytoplankton and benthic microalgae. Phagophotomixotrophy and osmophotomixotrophy occur in both phytoplankton and benthic microalgae. Further progress in identifying physiological traits specific to phytoplankton requires more experimentation on benthic microalgae that are closely related to planktonic microalgae, with attention to whether the benthic algae examined have, as far as can be determined, never been planktonic during their evolution or are derived from planktonic ancestors.
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16
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Johnson SE, Hamann E, Franks SJ. Rapid, parallel evolution of field mustard (Brassica rapa) under experimental drought. Evolution 2021; 76:262-274. [PMID: 34878171 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is driving evolutionary and plastic responses in populations, but predicting these responses remains challenging. Studies that combine experimental evolution with ancestor-descendant comparisons allow assessment of the causes, parallelism, and adaptive nature of evolutionary responses, although such studies remain rare, particularly in a climate change context. Here, we created experimental populations of Brassica rapa derived from the same natural population and exposed these replicated populations to experimental drought or watered conditions for four generations. We then grew ancestors and descendants concurrently, following the resurrection approach. Experimental populations under drought showed rapid evolution of earlier flowering time and increased specific leaf area, consistent with a drought escape strategy and observations in natural populations. Evolutionary shifts followed the direction of selection and increased fitness under drought, indicative of adaptive evolution. Evolution to drought also occurred largely in parallel among replicate populations. Further, traits showed phenotypic plasticity to drought, but the direction and effect size of plasticity varied. Our results demonstrate parallel evolution to experimental drought, suggesting that evolution to strong, consistent selection may be predictable. Broadly, our study demonstrates the utility of combining experimental evolution with the resurrection approach to investigate responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences and Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, 10458
| | - Elena Hamann
- Department of Biological Sciences and Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, 10458
| | - Steven J Franks
- Department of Biological Sciences and Louis Calder Center, Fordham University, Bronx, New York, 10458
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17
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Abstract
The fragrance field of perfumes has attracted considerable scientific, industrial, cultural, and civilizational interest. The marine odor is characterized by the specific smell of sea breeze, seashore, algae, and oyster, among others. Marine odor is a more recent fragrance and is considered as one of the green and modern fragrances. The smells reproducing the marine environment are described due to their content of Calone 1951 (7-methyl-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-3(4H)-one), which is a synthetic compound. In addition to the synthetic group of benzodioxepanes, such as Calone 51 and its derivatives, three other groups of chemical compounds seem to represent the marine smell. The first group includes the polyunsaturated cyclic ((+)-Dictyopterene A) and acyclic (giffordene) hydrocarbons, acting as pheromones. The second group corresponds to polyunsaturated aldehydes, such as the (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadienal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, which are most likely derived from the degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The third group is represented by small molecules such as sulfur compounds and halogenated phenols which are regarded as the main flavor compounds of many types of seafood. This review exposes, most notably, the knowledge state on the occurrence of marine ingredients in fragrance. We also provide a detailed discussion on several aspects of essential oils, which are the most natural ingredients from various marine sources used in fragrance and cosmetics, including synthetic and natural marine ingredients.
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18
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Müller MN, Yogui GT, Gálvez AO, Gustavo de Sales Jannuzzi L, Fidelis de Souza Filho J, de Jesus Flores Montes M, Mendes de Castro Melo PA, Neumann-Leitão S, Zanardi-Lamardo E. Cellular accumulation of crude oil compounds reduces the competitive fitness of the coral symbiont Symbiodinium glynnii. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117938. [PMID: 34391045 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oil spill events in the marine environment can have a deleterious impact on the affected ecosystems, such as coral reefs, with direct consequences for their socioeconomic value. The mutualistic relationship between tropical corals and their dinoflagellate symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) provide structural and nutritional basis for a high local biodiversity in oligotrophic waters. Here, we investigated effects of crude oil water-accommodated fraction on the competitive fitness of the model zooxanthellae species Symbiodinium glynnii. Results of laboratory essays demonstrate that crude oil carbon is incorporated into the cellular biomass with a concomitant change of δ13C isotopic value. Carcinogenic/mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were identified in the culture media and were responsible for a linear reduction in population growth of S. glynnii, presumably related to energy relocation for DNA repair. Additionally, the experiments revealed that physiological effects induced by crude oil compounds are genetically inherited by the following generations under non-contaminated growth conditions, and induce a reduction in the competitive fitness to cope with other environmental parameters, such as low salinity. We suggest that the effects of crude oil contamination represent an imparing factor for S. glynnii coping with anthropogenic drivers (e.g. warming and acidification) and interfere with the delicate symbiont-host relationship of tropical corals. This is especially relevant in the coastal areas of northeastern Brazil where an oil spill event deposited crude oil on shallow water sediments with the potential to be resuspended to the water column by physical and/or biological activity, enhancing the risk of future coral bleaching events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Nils Müller
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil.
| | - Gilvan Takeshi Yogui
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Olivera Gálvez
- Department of Fishing and Aquaculture, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Sigrid Neumann-Leitão
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, 50740-550, Brazil
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19
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Jin P, Liang Z, Lu H, Pan J, Li P, Huang Q, Guo Y, Zhong J, Li F, Wan J, Overmans S, Xia J. Lipid Remodeling Reveals the Adaptations of a Marine Diatom to Ocean Acidification. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:748445. [PMID: 34721350 PMCID: PMC8551959 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.748445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is recognized as a major anthropogenic perturbation of the modern ocean. While extensive studies have been carried out to explore the short-term physiological responses of phytoplankton to ocean acidification, little is known about their lipidomic responses after a long-term ocean acidification adaptation. Here we perform the lipidomic analysis of a marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum following long-term (∼400 days) selection to ocean acidification conditions. We identified a total of 476 lipid metabolites in long-term high CO2 (i.e., ocean acidification condition) and low CO2 (i.e., ambient condition) selected P. tricornutum cells. Our results further show that long-term high CO2 selection triggered substantial changes in lipid metabolites by down- and up-regulating 33 and 42 lipid metabolites. While monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) was significantly down-regulated in the long-term high CO2 selected conditions, the majority (∼80%) of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was up-regulated. The tightly coupled regulations (positively or negatively correlated) of significantly regulated lipid metabolites suggest that the lipid remodeling is an organismal adaptation strategy of marine diatoms to ongoing ocean acidification. Since the composition and content of lipids are crucial for marine food quality, and these changes can be transferred to high trophic levels, our results highlight the importance of determining the long-term adaptation of lipids in marine producers in predicting the ecological consequences of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinmei Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanting Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyan Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Futian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jiaofeng Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sebastian Overmans
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Buckley LB, Kingsolver JG. Evolution of Thermal Sensitivity in Changing and Variable Climates. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011521-102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary adaptation to temperature and climate depends on both the extent to which organisms experience spatial and temporal environmental variation (exposure) and how responsive they are to the environmental variation (sensitivity). Theoretical models and experiments suggesting substantial potential for thermal adaptation have largely omitted realistic environmental variation. Environmental variation can drive fluctuations in selection that slow adaptive evolution. We review how carefully filtering environmental conditions based on how organisms experience their environment and further considering organismal sensitivity can improve predictions of thermal adaptation. We contrast taxa differing in exposure and sensitivity. Plasticity can increase the rate of evolutionary adaptation in taxa exposed to pronounced environmental variation. However, forms of plasticity that severely limit exposure, such as behavioral thermoregulation and phenological shifts, can hinder thermal adaptation. Despite examples of rapid thermal adaptation, experimental studies often reveal evolutionary constraints. Further investigating these constraints and issues of timescale and thermal history are needed to predict evolutionary adaptation and, consequently, population persistence in changing and variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B. Buckley
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195‐1800, USA
| | - Joel G. Kingsolver
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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21
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Argyle PA, Walworth NG, Hinners J, Collins S, Levine NM, Doblin MA. Multivariate trait analysis reveals diatom plasticity constrained to a reduced set of biological axes. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:59. [PMID: 37938606 PMCID: PMC9723791 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Trait-based approaches to phytoplankton ecology have gained traction in recent decades as phenotypic traits are incorporated into ecological and biogeochemical models. Here, we use high-throughput phenotyping to explore both intra- and interspecific constraints on trait combinations that are expressed in the cosmopolitan marine diatom genus Thalassiosira. We demonstrate that within Thalassiosira, phenotypic diversity cannot be predicted from genotypic diversity, and moreover, plasticity can create highly divergent phenotypes that are incongruent with taxonomic grouping. Significantly, multivariate phenotypes can be represented in reduced dimensional space using principal component analysis with 77.7% of the variance captured by two orthogonal axes, here termed a 'trait-scape'. Furthermore, this trait-scape can be recovered with a reduced set of traits. Plastic responses to the new environments expanded phenotypic trait values and the trait-scape, however, the overall pattern of response to the new environments was similar between strains and many trait correlations remained constant. These findings demonstrate that trait-scapes can be used to reveal common constraints on multi-trait plasticity in phytoplankton with divergent underlying phenotypes. Understanding how to integrate trait correlational constraints and trade-offs into theoretical frameworks like biogeochemical models will be critical to predict how microbial responses to environmental change will impact elemental cycling now and into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe A Argyle
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Nathan G Walworth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0371, USA
| | - Jana Hinners
- Institute of Coastal Ocean Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Sinéad Collins
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JF, UK
| | - Naomi M Levine
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0371, USA
| | - Martina A Doblin
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, NSW, 2088, Australia
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22
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Zhong J, Guo Y, Liang Z, Huang Q, Lu H, Pan J, Li P, Jin P, Xia J. Adaptation of a marine diatom to ocean acidification and warming reveals constraints and trade-offs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145167. [PMID: 33736151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and warming are recognized as two major anthropogenic perturbations of the modern ocean. However, little is known about the adaptive response of phytoplankton to them. Here we examine the adaptation of a marine diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii to ocean acidification in combination with ocean warming. Our results show that ocean warming have a greater effect than acidification on the growth of T. weissflogii over the long-term selection experiment (~380 generations), as well as many temperature response traits (e.g., optimum temperatures for photosynthesis, maximal net photosynthetic oxygen evolution rates, activation energy) in thermal reaction norm. These results suggest that ocean warming is the main driver for the evolution of the marine diatom T. weissflogii, rather than oceanacidification. However, the evolution resulting from warming can be constrained by ocean acidification, where ocean warming did not impose any effects at high CO2 level. Furthermore, adaptations to ocean warming alone or to the combination of ocean acidification and warming come with trade-offs by inhibiting photochemical performances. The constrains and trade-offs associated with the adaptation to ocean acidification and warming demonstrated in this study, should be considered for parameterizing evolutionary responses in eco-evolutionary models of phytoplankton dynamics in a future ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingyan Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhe Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Quanting Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinmei Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jianrong Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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23
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Chan WY, Oakeshott JG, Buerger P, Edwards OR, van Oppen MJH. Adaptive responses of free-living and symbiotic microalgae to simulated future ocean conditions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1737-1754. [PMID: 33547698 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine microalgae are a diverse group of microscopic eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms capable of photosynthesis. They are important primary producers and carbon sinks but their physiology and persistence are severely affected by global climate change. Powerful experimental evolution technologies are being used to examine the potential of microalgae to respond adaptively to current and predicted future conditions, as well as to develop resources to facilitate species conservation and restoration of ecosystem functions. This review synthesizes findings and insights from experimental evolution studies of marine microalgae in response to elevated temperature and/or pCO2 . Adaptation to these environmental conditions has been observed in many studies of marine dinoflagellates, diatoms and coccolithophores. An enhancement in traits such as growth and photo-physiological performance and an increase in upper thermal limit have been shown to be possible, although the extent and rate of change differ between microalgal taxa. Studies employing multiple monoclonal replicates showed variation in responses among replicates and revealed the stochasticity of mutations. The work to date is already providing valuable information on species' climate sensitivity or resilience to managers and policymakers but extrapolating these insights to ecosystem- and community-level impacts continues to be a challenge. We recommend future work should include in situ experiments, diurnal and seasonal fluctuations, multiple drivers and multiple starting genotypes. Fitness trade-offs, stable versus plastic responses and the genetic bases of the changes also need investigating, and the incorporation of genome resequencing into experimental designs will be invaluable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Yan Chan
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John G Oakeshott
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Applied Biosciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick Buerger
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Owain R Edwards
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Land & Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Applied Biosciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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24
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Dutkiewicz S, Boyd PW, Riebesell U. Exploring biogeochemical and ecological redundancy in phytoplankton communities in the global ocean. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1196-1213. [PMID: 33342048 PMCID: PMC7986797 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate-change-induced alterations of oceanic conditions will lead to the ecological niches of some marine phytoplankton species disappearing, at least regionally. How will such losses affect the ecosystem and the coupled biogeochemical cycles? Here, we couch this question in terms of ecological redundancy (will other species be able to fill the ecological roles of the extinct species) and biogeochemical redundancy (can other species replace their biogeochemical roles). Prior laboratory and field studies point to a spectrum in the degree of redundancy. We use a global three-dimensional computer model with diverse planktonic communities to explore these questions further. The model includes 35 phytoplankton types that differ in size, biogeochemical function and trophic strategy. We run two series of experiments in which single phytoplankton types are either partially or fully eliminated. The niches of the targeted types were not completely reoccupied, often with a reduction in the transfer of matter from autotrophs to heterotrophs. Primary production was often decreased, but sometimes increased due to reduction in grazing pressure. Complex trophic interactions (such as a decrease in the stocks of a predator's grazer) led to unexpected reshuffling of the community structure. Alterations in resource utilization may cause impacts beyond the regions where the type went extinct. Our results suggest a lack of redundancy, especially in the 'knock on' effects on higher trophic levels. Redundancy appeared lowest for types on the edges of trait space (e.g. smallest) or with unique competitive strategies. Though highly idealized, our modelling findings suggest that the results from laboratory or field studies often do not adequately capture the ramifications of functional redundancy. The modelled, often counterintuitive, responses-via complex food web interactions and bottom-up versus top-down controls-indicate that changes in planktonic community will be key determinants of future ocean global change ecology and biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Dutkiewicz
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
- Center for Global Change ScienceMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA
| | - Philip W. Boyd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTas.Australia
| | - Ulf Riebesell
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielKielGermany
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25
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Melero‐Jiménez IJ, Flores‐Moya A, Collins S. The role of changes in environmental quality in multitrait plastic responses to environmental and social change in the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1888-1901. [PMID: 33614011 PMCID: PMC7882982 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific variation plays a key role in species' responses to environmental change; however, little is known about the role of changes in environmental quality (the population growth rate an environment supports) on intraspecific trait variation. Here, we hypothesize that intraspecific trait variation will be higher in ameliorated environments than in degraded ones. We first measure the range of multitrait phenotypes over a range of environmental qualities for three strains and two evolutionary histories of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in laboratory conditions. We then explore how environmental quality and trait variation affect the predictability of lineage frequencies when lineage pairs are grown in indirect co-culture. Our results show that environmental quality has the potential to affect intraspecific variability both in terms of the variation in expressed trait values, and in terms of the genotype composition of rapidly growing populations. We found low phenotypic variability in degraded or same-quality environments and high phenotypic variability in ameliorated conditions. This variation can affect population composition, as monoculture growth rate is a less reliable predictor of lineage frequencies in ameliorated environments. Our study highlights that understanding whether populations experience environmental change as an increase or a decrease in quality relative to their recent history affects the changes in trait variation during plastic responses, including growth responses to the presence of conspecifics. This points toward a fundamental role for changes in overall environmental quality in driving phenotypic variation within closely related populations, with implications for microevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Flores‐Moya
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología VegetalFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de MálagaMálagaSpain
| | - Sinéad Collins
- Institute of Evolutionary BiologySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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26
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Cabrerizo MJ, Marañón E. Temperature fluctuations in a warmer environment: impacts on microbial plankton. Fac Rev 2021; 10:9. [PMID: 33659927 PMCID: PMC7894268 DOI: 10.12703/r/10-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Warming can cause changes in the structure and functioning of microbial food webs. Experimental studies quantifying such impacts on microbial plankton have tended to consider constant temperature conditions. However, Jensen's inequality (or the fallacy of the average) recognizes that organism performance under constant conditions is seldom equal to the mean performance under variable conditions, highlighting the need to consider in situ fluctuations over a range of time scales. Here we review some of the available evidence on how warming effects on the abundance, diversity, and metabolism of microbial plankton are altered when temperature fluctuations are considered. We found that fluctuating temperatures may accentuate warming-mediated reductions in phytoplankton evenness and gross photosynthesis while synergistically increasing phytoplankton growth. Also, fluctuating temperatures have been shown to reduce the positive warming effect on cyanobacterial biomass production and recruitment and to reverse a warming effect on cellular nutrient quotas. Other reports have shown that fluctuations in temperature did not alter plankton responses to constant warming. These investigations have mostly focused on a few phytoplankton species (i.e. diatoms and haptophytes) in temperate and marine ecosystems and considered short-term and transient responses. It remains unknown whether the same responses apply to other species and ecosystems and if evolutionary change in thermally varying environments could alter the magnitude and direction of the responses to warming observed over short-term scales. Thus, future research efforts should address the role of fluctuations in environmental drivers. We stress the need to study responses over different biological organization and trophic levels, nutritional modes, temporal scales, and ecosystem types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco J Cabrerizo
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Campus Lagoas Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331, Vigo, Spain
| | - Emilio Marañón
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Campus Lagoas Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Mariña da Universidade de Vigo (CIM-UVigo), Illa de Toralla s/n, 36331, Vigo, Spain
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