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Cheng YW, Lee JH, Chang CH, Tseng TT, Chai CY, Lieu AS, Kwan AL. High PGC-1α Expression as a Poor Prognostic Indicator in Intracranial Glioma. Biomedicines 2024; 12:979. [PMID: 38790941 PMCID: PMC11117502 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors in adults. Despite multidisciplinary treatment approaches, the survival rates for patients with malignant glioma have only improved marginally, and few prognostic biomarkers have been identified. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a crucial regulator of cancer metabolism, playing a vital role in cancer cell adaptation to fluctuating energy demands. In this study, the clinicopathological roles of PGC-1α in gliomas were evaluated. Employing immunohistochemistry, cell culture, siRNA transfection, cell viability assays, western blot analyses, and in vitro and in vivo invasion and migration assays, we explored the functions of PGC-1α in glioma progression. High PGC-1α expression was significantly associated with an advanced pathological stage in patients with glioma and with poorer overall survival. The downregulation of PGC-1α inhibited glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration and altered the expression of oncogenic markers. These results conclusively demonstrated that PGC-1α plays a critical role in maintaining the malignant phenotype of glioma cells and indicated that targeting PGC-1α could be an effective strategy to curb glioma progression and improve patient survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Hau Lee
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Hui Chang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (T.-T.T.)
| | - Tzu-Ting Tseng
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (T.-T.T.)
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shung Lieu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (T.-T.T.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-H.C.); (T.-T.T.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 23806, USA
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2
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Kaczmarek R, Radzikowska-Cieciura E, Królewska-Golińska K, Dolot R, Wheeler KA, Chavez FA, Dembinski R. Synthesis and Determination of Anticancer Activity of Dicobalt Hexacarbonyl 2'-Deoxy-5-alkynylfuropyrimidines. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:962-969. [PMID: 37465308 PMCID: PMC10351056 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicobalt hexacarbonyl 5-alkynyl furopyrimidine nucleoside analogs, with 4-methylphenyl (p-tolyl) and 4-pentylphenyl substituents attached at the C-6 base position, designed in the form of ribose acetyl esters, were synthesized (42-96%). Attached at the C-5 position were propargyl alcohol, its methyl ether and acetate derivatives, butynol, and the 4-methylphenyl- (p-tolyl) and 4-pentylphenyl-substituted alkynyl groups, which were coordinated to a dicobalt hexacarbonyl unit. The structure of 5-(3-acetoxyprop-1-yn-1-yl)-6-p-tolyl-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one was determined by X-ray crystallography. Density functional theory calculations performed on the corresponding derivative yielded geometric parameters for the dicobalt hexacarbonyl adduct of this ligand. The cytotoxic activity of each of dicobalt modified nucleosides on cancer cells of different phenotypes was determined in vitro. The investigated compounds showed antiproliferative effects with median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the ranges of 14-90 and 9-50 μM for HeLa and K562 cells, respectively. The formation of reactive oxygen species in the presence of modified nucleosides was determined in K562 cells. The results indicate that the mechanism of action for the studied compounds may be related to the induction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kaczmarek
- Centre
of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewa Radzikowska-Cieciura
- Centre
of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Karolina Królewska-Golińska
- Centre
of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Rafał Dolot
- Centre
of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Kraig A. Wheeler
- Department
of Chemistry, Whitworth University, 300 W. Hawthorne Rd., Spokane, Washington 99251, United States
| | - Ferman A. Chavez
- Department
of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Dr., Rochester, Michigan 48309-4479, United States
| | - Roman Dembinski
- Centre
of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
- Department
of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Dr., Rochester, Michigan 48309-4479, United States
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3
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Kim SJ, Park SJ, Park J, Cho HJ, Shim JK, Seon J, Choi RJ, Yoon SJ, Moon JH, Kim EH, Seo EK, Kim SH, Kim HS, Teo WY, Chang JH, Yook JI, Kang SG. Dual inhibition of CPT1A and G6PD suppresses glioblastoma tumorspheres. J Neurooncol 2022; 160:677-689. [PMID: 36396930 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited treatment options are currently available for glioblastoma (GBM), an extremely lethal type of brain cancer. For a variety of tumor types, bioenergetic deprivation through inhibition of cancer-specific metabolic pathways has proven to be an effective therapeutic strategy. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of dual inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) critical for fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), respectively, against GBM tumorspheres (TSs). METHODS Therapeutic efficacy against GBM TSs was determined by assessing cell viability, neurosphere formation, and 3D invasion. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and RNA sequencing were employed for metabolite and gene expression profiling, respectively. Anticancer efficacy in vivo was examined using an orthotopic xenograft model. RESULTS CPT1A and G6PD were highly expressed in GBM tumor tissues. Notably, siRNA-mediated knockdown of both genes led to reduced viability, ATP levels, and expression of genes associated with stemness and invasiveness. Similar results were obtained upon combined treatment with etomoxir and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Transcriptome analyses further confirmed these results. Data from LC-MS analysis showed that this treatment regimen induced a considerable reduction in the levels of metabolites associated with the TCA cycle and PPP. Additionally, the combination of etomoxir and DHEA inhibited tumor growth and extended survival in orthotopic xenograft model mice. CONCLUSION Our collective findings support the utility of dual suppression of CPT1A and G6PD with selective inhibitors, etomoxir and DHEA, as an efficacious therapeutic approach for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Joung Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Seon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Joo Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Kyo Seo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Yee Teo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Fets L, Bevan N, Nunes PM, Campos S, Dos Santos MS, Sherriff E, MacRae JI, House D, Anastasiou D. MOG analogues to explore the MCT2 pharmacophore, α-ketoglutarate biology and cellular effects of N-oxalylglycine. Commun Biol 2022; 5:877. [PMID: 36028752 PMCID: PMC9418262 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
α-ketoglutarate (αKG) is a central metabolic node with a broad influence on cellular physiology. The αKG analogue N-oxalylglycine (NOG) and its membrane-permeable pro-drug derivative dimethyl-oxalylglycine (DMOG) have been extensively used as tools to study prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) and other αKG-dependent processes. In cell culture media, DMOG is rapidly converted to MOG, which enters cells through monocarboxylate transporter MCT2, leading to intracellular NOG concentrations that are sufficiently high to inhibit glutaminolysis enzymes and cause cytotoxicity. Therefore, the degree of (D)MOG instability together with MCT2 expression levels determine the intracellular targets NOG engages with and, ultimately, its effects on cell viability. Here we designed and characterised a series of MOG analogues with the aims of improving compound stability and exploring the functional requirements for interaction with MCT2, a relatively understudied member of the SLC16 family. We report MOG analogues that maintain ability to enter cells via MCT2, and identify compounds that do not inhibit glutaminolysis or cause cytotoxicity but can still inhibit PHDs. We use these analogues to show that, under our experimental conditions, glutaminolysis-induced activation of mTORC1 can be uncoupled from PHD activity. Therefore, these new compounds can help deconvolute cellular effects that result from the polypharmacological action of NOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Fets
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Drug Transport and Tumour Metabolism Lab, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Natalie Bevan
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Patrícia M Nunes
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - James I MacRae
- Metabolomics Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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5
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Gomari DP, Schweickart A, Cerchietti L, Paietta E, Fernandez H, Al-Amin H, Suhre K, Krumsiek J. Variational autoencoders learn transferrable representations of metabolomics data. Commun Biol 2022; 5:645. [PMID: 35773471 PMCID: PMC9246987 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimensionality reduction approaches are commonly used for the deconvolution of high-dimensional metabolomics datasets into underlying core metabolic processes. However, current state-of-the-art methods are widely incapable of detecting nonlinearities in metabolomics data. Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) are a deep learning method designed to learn nonlinear latent representations which generalize to unseen data. Here, we trained a VAE on a large-scale metabolomics population cohort of human blood samples consisting of over 4500 individuals. We analyzed the pathway composition of the latent space using a global feature importance score, which demonstrated that latent dimensions represent distinct cellular processes. To demonstrate model generalizability, we generated latent representations of unseen metabolomics datasets on type 2 diabetes, acute myeloid leukemia, and schizophrenia and found significant correlations with clinical patient groups. Notably, the VAE representations showed stronger effects than latent dimensions derived by linear and non-linear principal component analysis. Taken together, we demonstrate that the VAE is a powerful method that learns biologically meaningful, nonlinear, and transferrable latent representations of metabolomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Gomari
- grid.4567.00000 0004 0483 2525Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich—German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966Technical University of Munich—School of Life Sciences, 85354 Freising, Germany ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Annalise Schweickart
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Leandro Cerchietti
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, 10065 NY USA
| | - Elisabeth Paietta
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Albert Einstein College of Medicine-Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Hugo Fernandez
- grid.489080.d0000 0004 0444 4637Moffitt Malignant Hematology & Cellular Therapy at Memorial Healthcare System, Pembroke Pines, FL USA
| | - Hassen Al-Amin
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine—Qatar, Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karsten Suhre
- grid.416973.e0000 0004 0582 4340Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College—Qatar Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY 10021 USA
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Pereira ADSBF, de Souza Lima ML, da Silva-Junior AA, dos Santos Silva E, de Araújo Júnior RF, Martins AA, Alves JSF, Oliveira ADS, De Santis Ferreira L, de Araújo Costa ECT, Guerra GCB, de Medeiros CACX, Brito GAC, de Carvalho Leitao RF, de Araújo AA. In vitro-in vivo availability of metformin hydrochloride-PLGA nanoparticles in diabetic rats in a periodontal disease experimental model. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:1576-1584. [PMID: 34808068 PMCID: PMC8635670 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2002369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metformin is an important oral anti-hyperglycemic used in diabetes. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) has been widely used due to its reliability in controlling the release of drugs. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the in vitro-in vivo availability of metformin hydrochloride-loaded polylactic-co-glycolic acid. MATERIAL AND METHODS In vitro metformin release (Met-free or PLGA + Met-12.5 mg/mL per 360 min) was evaluated using static Franz vertical diffusion cells. The in vivo study was performed with two control groups (validation bioanalytical method) and two experimental groups of diabetic male Wistar rats treated with PLGA + Met 10 mg/kg or Met 100 mg/kg by oral gavage. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) through the penile vein. Blood samples were collected 0.5, 1, 4, 7, 10, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h and analysed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS PLGA + Met 10 mg/kg was released in the in vitro assay suggesting a parabolic diffusion kinetic model (K -0.0619-0.5h) with a 100% release profile in 10 h by controlled diffusion. The in vivo assay showed the apparent volume of distribution Vz/F (PLGA + Met 10 mg/kg, 40971.8 mL/kg vs. Met 100 mg/kg, 2174.58 mL/kg) and mean residence time MRTinf (PLGA + Met 10 mg/kg, 37.66 h vs. Met 100 mg/kg, 3.34 h). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The formulation modifies pharmacokinetics parameters such as apparent distribution volume and mean residence time. The PLGA + Met 10 mg/kg had a slower elimination rate compared to Met 100 mg/kg in diabetic rats in a periodontal disease experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emanuell dos Santos Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo Júnior
- Post-Graduation program in Functional and Structural Biology/Post-graduation program Health Science/Department of Morphology, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology/Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Gerly A. C. Brito
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacology, Postgraduate Program in Morphology, Department of Morphology, UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Post-Graduation Program Oral Science/Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
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7
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Yoon H, Chung YS, Lee YJ, Yu SE, Baek S, Kim H, Kim SW, Lee J, Kim S, Sung H. Cancer Patient Tissueoid with Self-Homing Nano-Targeting of Metabolic Inhibitor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102640. [PMID: 34664430 PMCID: PMC8596099 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The current paradigm of cancer medicine focuses on patient- and/or cancer-specific treatments, which has led to continuous progress in the development of patient representatives (e.g., organoids) and cancer-targeting carriers for drug screening. As breakthrough concepts, i) living cancer tissues convey intact profiles of patient-specific microenvironmental signatures. ii) The growth mechanisms of cancer mass with intense cell-cell interactions can be harnessed to develop self-homing nano-targeting by using cancer cell-derived nanovesicles (CaNVs). Hence, a tissueoid model of ovarian cancer (OC) is developed by culturing OC patient tissues in a 3D gel chip, whose microchannel networks enable perfusion to maintain tissue viability. A novel model of systemic cancer responses is approached by xenografting OC tissueoids into ischaemic hindlimbs in nude mice. CaNVs are produced to carry general chemotherapeutics or new drugs under pre/clinical studies that target the BRCA mutation or energy metabolism, thereby increasing the test scope. This pioneer study cross-validates drug responses from the OC clinic, tissueoid, and animal model by demonstrating the alignment of results in drug type-specific efficiency, BRCA mutation-dependent drug efficiency, and metabolism inhibition-based anti-cancer effects. Hence, this study provides a directional foundation to accelerate the discovery of patient-specific drugs with CaNV application towards future precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo‐Jin Yoon
- Department of Medical EngineeringYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Young Shin Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitution of Women's Life Medical ScienceSeverance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jae Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitution of Women's Life Medical ScienceSeverance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eun Yu
- Department of Medical EngineeringYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Sewoom Baek
- Department of Medical EngineeringYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Hye‐Seon Kim
- Department of Medical EngineeringYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitution of Women's Life Medical ScienceSeverance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitution of Women's Life Medical ScienceSeverance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitution of Women's Life Medical ScienceSeverance HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Hak‐Joon Sung
- Department of Medical EngineeringYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul03722Republic of Korea
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8
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Schmidt DR, Patel R, Kirsch DG, Lewis CA, Vander Heiden MG, Locasale JW. Metabolomics in cancer research and emerging applications in clinical oncology. CA Cancer J Clin 2021; 71:333-358. [PMID: 33982817 PMCID: PMC8298088 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has myriad effects on metabolism that include both rewiring of intracellular metabolism to enable cancer cells to proliferate inappropriately and adapt to the tumor microenvironment, and changes in normal tissue metabolism. With the recognition that fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography imaging is an important tool for the management of many cancers, other metabolites in biological samples have been in the spotlight for cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Metabolomics is the global analysis of small molecule metabolites that like other -omics technologies can provide critical information about the cancer state that are otherwise not apparent. Here, the authors review how cancer and cancer therapies interact with metabolism at the cellular and systemic levels. An overview of metabolomics is provided with a focus on currently available technologies and how they have been applied in the clinical and translational research setting. The authors also discuss how metabolomics could be further leveraged in the future to improve the management of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Schmidt
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Corresponding author:-
| | - Rutulkumar Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - David G. Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Caroline A. Lewis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew G. Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jason W. Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Corresponding author:-
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9
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Jiang J, Huang D, Jiang Y, Hou J, Tian M, Li J, Sun L, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Li Z, Li Z, Tong S, Ma Y. Lactate Modulates Cellular Metabolism Through Histone Lactylation-Mediated Gene Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:647559. [PMID: 34150616 PMCID: PMC8208031 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.647559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate has been observed to fuel TCA cycle and is associated with cancer progression in human lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, but the effect of lactate on lung cancer metabolism is rarely reported. In this study, disordered metabolism in non-small cell lung cancer was demonstrated by increased G6PD and SDHA protein levels via immunofluorescence, and up-regulated lactate dehydrogenase was found to be associated with poor prognosis. Then flow cytometry and Seahorse XFe analyzer were utilized to detect the effect of lactate on glycolysis and mitochondrial function in non-small cell lung cancer cells. The results show that in non-small cell lung cancer cells lactate attenuates glucose uptake and glycolysis while maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis as indicated by improved mitochondrial membrane potential. Further exploration found that mRNA levels of glycolytic enzymes (HK-1, PKM) and TCA cycle enzymes (SDHA, IDH3G) are respectively down-regulated and up-regulated by lactate, and increased histone lactylation was observed in promoters of HK-1 and IDH3G via chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Taken together, the above results indicate that lactate modulates cellular metabolism at least in part through histone lactylation-mediated gene expression in non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Oncology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - DengLiang Huang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Jing Hou
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - MeiYuan Tian
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - JianHua Li
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Li Sun
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - YaoGang Zhang
- Qinghai Province Research Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Rehabilitation Department, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - ZhiQin Li
- Department of Scientific Research Office, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - ZhongCheng Li
- Oncology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - SiXian Tong
- Department of Scientific Research Office, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - YanYan Ma
- Department of Scientific Research Office, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
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10
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Salazar J, Le A. The Heterogeneity of Liver Cancer Metabolism. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1311:127-136. [PMID: 34014539 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65768-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death around the world. Histologically, it can be divided into two major groups, hepatocellular carcinoma (75% of all liver cancer) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (15% of all liver cancer) [1, 2]. Primary liver cancer usually happens in liver disease or cirrhosis patients [1], and the risk factors for developing HCC depend on the etiology [3] and the country of provenance [1]. There is an urgent need for an accurate diagnostic test given the high proportion of false positives and false negatives for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a common HCC biomarker [4]. Due to often being diagnosed in advanced stages, HCCrelated deaths per year have doubled since 1999 [3]. With the use of metabolomics technologies [5], the aberrant metabolism characteristics of cancer tissues can be discovered and exploited for the new biomarkers and new therapies to treat HCC [6, 7].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Le
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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11
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Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect of Inhibitors of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Mitochondrial Complex I, and the Chemotherapeutic Drug, Temozolomide against Glioblastoma Tumorspheres. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020282. [PMID: 33429981 PMCID: PMC7827959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Resident cancer cells with stem cell-like features induce drug tolerance, facilitating survival of glioblastoma (GBM). We previously showed that strategies targeting tumor bioenergetics present a novel emerging avenue for treatment of GBM. The objective of this study was to enhance the therapeutic effects of dual inhibition of tumor bioenergetics by combination of gossypol, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, and phenformin, a biguanide compound that depletes oxidative phosphorylation, with the chemotherapeutic drug, temozolomide (TMZ), to block proliferation, stemness, and invasiveness of GBM tumorspheres (TSs). Combination therapy with gossypol, phenformin, and TMZ induced a significant reduction in ATP levels, cell viability, stemness, and invasiveness compared to TMZ monotherapy and dual therapy with gossypol and phenformin. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed up-regulation of genes involved in programmed cell death, autophagy, and protein metabolism and down-regulation of those associated with cell metabolism, cycle, and adhesion. Combination of TMZ with dual inhibitors of tumor bioenergetics may, therefore, present an effective strategy against GBM by enhancing therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms of action.
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12
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Kaczmarek R, Twardy DJ, Olson TL, Korczyński D, Andrei G, Snoeck R, Dolot R, Wheeler KA, Dembinski R. Extension of furopyrimidine nucleosides with 5-alkynyl substituent: Synthesis, high fluorescence, and antiviral effect in the absence of free ribose hydroxyl groups. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112884. [PMID: 33039724 PMCID: PMC7521880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A novel methodology to access alkynyl nucleoside analogues is elaborated. Highly fluorescent 5-alkynylfuropyrimidines were synthesized (97-46%) and their antiviral properties investigated in vitro. Regiochemistry of the functionalization was achieved with the aid of 5-endo-dig electrophilic halocyclization of acetyl 5-p-tolyl- or 5-p-pentylphenyl-2'-deoxyuridine. Structure of one of the resulting nucleosides, 6-p-tolyl-5-iodo-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-one, was confirmed by X-ray crystallography, and its conformation was compared to related nucleosides. Diverse alkynyl substituents were introduced at the heterobicyclic base C-5 position via Sonogashira coupling of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-ones. The resulting compounds had fluorescence emissions of 452-481 nm. High quantum yields of 0.53-0.60 were observed for 9-ethynyl-9-fluorenol and propargyl alcohol/methyl ether-modified furopyrimidines. These modified nucleosides, designed in the form of ribose acetyl esters, are potential tools for fluorescent tagging, studying nucleoside metabolism, 2'-deoxyribonucleoside kinase activity, and antiviral activity. Antiviral assays against a broad spectrum of DNA and RNA viruses showed that in human embryonic lung (HEL) cell cultures some of the compounds posess antiviral activity (EC50 1.3-13.2 μM) against varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The alkynyl furopyrimidine with two p-pentylphenyl substituents emerged as the best compound with reasonable and selective anti-VZV activity, confirming p-pentylphenyl potency as a pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kaczmarek
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Dylan J Twardy
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, MI, 48309-4479, USA
| | - Trevor L Olson
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, MI, 48309-4479, USA
| | - Dariusz Korczyński
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Graciela Andrei
- Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rafał Dolot
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland
| | - Kraig A Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Whitworth University, 300 W. Hawthorne Rd., Spokane, WA, 99251, USA
| | - Roman Dembinski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Łódź, Poland; Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, MI, 48309-4479, USA.
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13
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Züllig T, Zandl-Lang M, Trötzmüller M, Hartler J, Plecko B, Köfeler HC. A Metabolomics Workflow for Analyzing Complex Biological Samples Using a Combined Method of Untargeted and Target-List Based Approaches. Metabolites 2020; 10:E342. [PMID: 32854199 PMCID: PMC7570008 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the highly dynamic field of metabolomics, we have developed a method for the analysis of hydrophilic metabolites in various biological samples. Therefore, we used hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) for separation, combined with a high-resolution mass spectrometer (MS) with the aim of separating and analyzing a wide range of compounds. We used 41 reference standards with different chemical properties to develop an optimal chromatographic separation. MS analysis was performed with a set of pooled biological samples human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and human plasma. The raw data was processed in a first step with Compound Discoverer 3.1 (CD), a software tool for untargeted metabolomics with the aim to create a list of unknown compounds. In a second step, we combined the results obtained with our internally analyzed reference standard list to process the data along with the Lipid Data Analyzer 2.6 (LDA), a software tool for a targeted approach. In order to demonstrate the advantages of this combined target-list based and untargeted approach, we not only compared the relative standard deviation (%RSD) of the technical replicas of pooled plasma samples (n = 5) and pooled CSF samples (n = 3) with the results from CD, but also with XCMS Online, a well-known software tool for untargeted metabolomics studies. As a result of this study we could demonstrate with our HILIC-MS method that all standards could be either separated by chromatography, including isobaric leucine and isoleucine or with MS by different mass. We also showed that this combined approach benefits from improved precision compared to well-known metabolomics software tools such as CD and XCMS online. Within the pooled plasma samples processed by LDA 68% of the detected compounds had a %RSD of less than 25%, compared to CD and XCMS online (57% and 55%). The improvements of precision in the pooled CSF samples were even more pronounced, 83% had a %RSD of less than 25% compared to CD and XCMS online (28% and 8% compounds detected). Particularly for low concentration samples, this method showed a more precise peak area integration with its 3D algorithm and with the benefits of the LDAs graphical user interface for fast and easy manual curation of peak integration. The here-described method has the advantage that manual curation for larger batch measurements remains minimal due to the target list containing the information obtained by an untargeted approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Züllig
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Martina Zandl-Lang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Paediatrics, University Childrens’ Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.Z.-L.); (B.P.)
| | - Martin Trötzmüller
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.Z.); (M.T.)
| | - Jürgen Hartler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Barbara Plecko
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of General Paediatrics, University Childrens’ Hospital Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.Z.-L.); (B.P.)
| | - Harald C. Köfeler
- Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (T.Z.); (M.T.)
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14
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Wang X, Yang K, Wu Q, Kim LJY, Morton AR, Gimple RC, Prager BC, Shi Y, Zhou W, Bhargava S, Zhu Z, Jiang L, Tao W, Qiu Z, Zhao L, Zhang G, Li X, Agnihotri S, Mischel PS, Mack SC, Bao S, Rich JN. Targeting pyrimidine synthesis accentuates molecular therapy response in glioblastoma stem cells. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/504/eaau4972. [PMID: 31391321 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau4972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) reprogram glucose metabolism by hijacking high-affinity glucose uptake to survive in a nutritionally dynamic microenvironment. Here, we trace metabolic aberrations in GSCs to link core genetic mutations in glioblastoma to dependency on de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Targeting the pyrimidine synthetic rate-limiting step enzyme carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, dihydroorotase (CAD) or the critical downstream enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibited GSC survival, self-renewal, and in vivo tumor initiation through the depletion of the pyrimidine nucleotide supply in rodent models. Mutations in EGFR or PTEN generated distinct CAD phosphorylation patterns to activate carbon influx through pyrimidine synthesis. Simultaneous abrogation of tumor-specific driver mutations and DHODH activity with clinically approved inhibitors demonstrated sustained inhibition of metabolic activity of pyrimidine synthesis and GSC tumorigenic capacity in vitro. Higher expression of pyrimidine synthesis genes portends poor prognosis of patients with glioblastoma. Collectively, our results demonstrate a therapeutic approach of precision medicine through targeting the nexus between driver mutations and metabolic reprogramming in cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxing Wang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andrew R Morton
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ryan C Gimple
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Briana C Prager
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, and The Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shruti Bhargava
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Li Jiang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Zhixin Qiu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guoxing Zhang
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiqing Li
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Paul S Mischel
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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15
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Mazumdar C, Driggers EM, Turka LA. The Untapped Opportunity and Challenge of Immunometabolism: A New Paradigm for Drug Discovery. Cell Metab 2020; 31:26-34. [PMID: 31839485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Here, we explore the manipulation of immune cell metabolism as a strategy in target discovery and drug development for immune-mediated diseases. Comparing exploitation of metabolic pathways to kill tumor cells for cancer treatment with the reprogramming of immune cells to treat autoimmune diseases highlights differences that confer several advantages to the latter (including a more favorable therapeutic index and greater target stability). We discuss technological capabilities and gaps, including the challenge of relating in vitro observations to in vivo biology. Finally, we conclude by identifying future opportunities that will move the field forward and accelerate drug discovery.
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16
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Kaczmarek R, Korczyński D, Green JR, Dembinski R. Extension of the 5-alkynyluridine side chain via C-C-bond formation in modified organometallic nucleosides using the Nicholas reaction. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1-8. [PMID: 31976010 PMCID: PMC6964655 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dicobalt hexacarbonyl nucleoside complexes of propargyl ether or esters of 5-substituted uridines react with diverse C-nucleophiles. Synthetic outcomes confirmed that the Nicholas reaction can be carried out in a nucleoside presence, leading to a divergent synthesis of novel metallo-nucleosides enriched with alkene, arene, arylketo, and heterocyclic functions, in the deoxy and ribo series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kaczmarek
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - Dariusz Korczyński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland
| | - James R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Roman Dembinski
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland.,Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, 146 Library Drive, Rochester, Michigan 48309-4479, USA
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17
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Zhou JJ, Xiao Y, Li H, Wu CC, Chen DR, Chen L, Deng WW, Zhang WF, Sun ZJ. Overexpression of Malic Enzyme 2 Indicates Pathological and Clinical Significance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:799-806. [PMID: 32218701 PMCID: PMC7085265 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.43832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study investigated the expression of malic enzyme 2 (ME2) in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and associated pathological and clinical pattern. We demonstrated that human OSCC tissues expressed a high level of ME2, and the overexpression of ME2 is closely connected to a high pathological grade, lymphatic metastasis, large tumor size and human papillomavirus (HPV) (P < 0.001). Similarly, high levels of ME2 expression in OSCC tissue were shown to be correlated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). The expression of ME2 was correlated with Slug, SOX2, and aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) immunoreactivity.ME2 was shown to be overexpressed in OSCC tissue and indicated a poor prognosis for OSCC. ME2 may be correlated with several immune markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Cong Wu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Run Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Wei Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Feng Zhang
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial-Head Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
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18
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Borgatti A, Dickerson EB, Lawrence J. Emerging therapeutic approaches for canine sarcomas: Pushing the boundaries beyond the conventional. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:9-24. [PMID: 31749286 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas represent a group of genomically chaotic, highly heterogenous tumours of mesenchymal origin with variable mutational load. Conventional therapy with surgery and radiation therapy is effective for managing small, low-grade sarcomas and remains the standard therapeutic approach. For advanced, high-grade, recurrent, or metastatic sarcomas, systemic chemotherapy provides minimal benefit, therefore, there is a drive to develop novel approaches. The discovery of "Coley's toxins" in the 19th century, and their use to stimulate the immune system supported the application of unconventional therapies for the treatment of sarcomas. While promising, this initial work was abandoned and treatment paradigm and disease course of sarcomas was largely unchanged for several decades. Exciting new therapies are currently changing treatment algorithms for advanced carcinomas and melanomas, and similar approaches are being applied to advance the field of sarcoma research. Recent discoveries in subtype-specific cancer biology and the identification of distinct molecular targets have led to the development of promising targeted strategies with remarkable potential to change the landscape of sarcoma therapy in dogs. The purpose of this review article is to describe the current standard of care and limitations as well as emerging approaches for sarcoma therapy that span many of the most active paradigms in oncologic research, including immunotherapies, checkpoint inhibitors, and drugs capable of cellular metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Borgatti
- Animal Cancer Care and Research (ACCR) Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Clinical Investigation Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota
| | - Erin B Dickerson
- Animal Cancer Care and Research (ACCR) Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Animal Cancer Care and Research (ACCR) Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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19
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Park J, Shim JK, Kang JH, Choi J, Chang JH, Kim SY, Kang SG. Regulation of bioenergetics through dual inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I suppresses glioblastoma tumorspheres. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:954-965. [PMID: 29294080 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted approaches for treating glioblastoma (GBM) attempted to date have consistently failed, highlighting the imperative for treatment strategies that operate on different mechanistic principles. Bioenergetics deprivation has emerged as an effective therapeutic approach for various tumors. We have previously found that cancer cells preferentially utilize cytosolic NADH supplied by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) for ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). This study is aimed at examining therapeutic responses and underlying mechanisms of dual inhibition of ALDH and OxPhos against GBM. Methods For inhibition of ALDH and OxPhos, the corresponding inhibitors, gossypol and phenformin were used. Biological functions, including ATP levels, stemness, invasiveness, and viability, were evaluated in GBM tumorspheres (TSs). Gene expression profiles were analyzed using microarray data. In vivo anticancer efficacy was examined in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. Results Combined treatment of GBM TSs with gossypol and phenformin significantly reduced ATP levels, stemness, invasiveness, and cell viability. Consistently, this therapy substantially decreased expression of genes associated with stemness, mesenchymal transition, and invasion in GBM TSs. Supplementation of ATP using malate abrogated these effects, whereas knockdown of ALDH1L1 mimicked them, suggesting that disruption of ALDH-mediated ATP production is a key mechanism of this therapeutic combination. In vivo efficacy confirmed remarkable therapeutic responses to combined treatment with gossypol and phenformin. Conclusion Our findings suggest that dual inhibition of tumor bioenergetics is a novel and effective strategy for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hee Kang
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Medicinal Plants from Brazilian Cerrado: Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential and Protection against Chemotherapy Toxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3685264. [PMID: 31534620 PMCID: PMC6732650 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3685264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of natural antioxidants in cancer therapy has increased: first, due to the potential of natural antioxidants to kill tumour cells and second, because of their capacity to protect healthy cells from the damage caused by chemotherapy. This review article discusses the antioxidant properties of extracts obtained from medicinal plants from the Brazilian Cerrado and the cell death profile induced by each of these extracts in malignant cells. Next, we describe the capacity of other medicinal plants from the Cerrado to protect against chemotherapy-induced cell toxicity. Finally, we focus on recent insights into the cell death profile induced by extracts from Cerrado plants and perspectives for future therapeutic approaches.
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21
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Penolazzi L, Bonaccorsi G, Gafà R, Ravaioli N, Gabriele D, Bosi C, Lanza G, Greco P, Piva R. SLUG/HIF1-α/miR-221 regulatory circuit in endometrial cancer. Gene 2019; 711:143938. [PMID: 31220580 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The pathogenesis of endometrial cancer (EC) involves many regulatory pathways including transcriptional regulatory networks supported by transcription factors and microRNAs only in part known. The aim of this retrospective study was to explore the possible correlation in the EC microenvironment between master regulators of complex phenomena such as steroid responsiveness through estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (supported by SLUG transcription factor), hypoxia (with hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha, HIF-1α), and obesity that has been recognized as a EC risk factor. METHODS Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) blocks from University of Ferrara Pathology Archive were used and allocated into 2 groups according to their immunohistochemical positivity to ERα and PR, distinguishing the samples with a more benign prognosis (ERα+/PR+) from those with a poorer prognosis (ERα-/PR-). Immunohistochemistry for HIF1-α and SLUG was also performed. Body mass index (BMI) was registered at the time of diagnosis: patients with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 were defined obese (OB). Total RNA was isolated for miR-221 analysis. RESULTS We showed a comparable percentage of HIF1-α and SLUG positive samples in the ERα+/PR+ and ERα-/PR- groups. However, the obesity factor impacted more in the ERα+/PR+ group since the ratio between OB and non-obese (NOB) patients with high expression of HIF1-α and SLUG was higher in ERα+/PR+ than in the ERα-/PR- group. miR-221 levels were significantly higher in the OB than NOB patients, and, also in this case, obesity impacted more in the ERα+/PR+ group. CONCLUSIONS A molecular circuit of mutual regulation between ERα, PR, HIF1-α, SLUG and miR-221 is feasible in the EC and was firstly suggested by our research. In this interplay miR-221 seems to be in a nodal point of the regulatory system that is particularly strengthened by the metabolic changes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gloria Bonaccorsi
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Noemi Ravaioli
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Deborah Gabriele
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Bosi
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanza
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pantaleo Greco
- Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, S. Anna University Hospital, Via Aldo Moro, 8, 44124 Cona, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Liu G, Sun P, Dong B, Sehouli J. Key regulator of cellular metabolism, estrogen-related receptor α, a new therapeutic target in endocrine-related gynecological tumor. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:6887-6895. [PMID: 30588094 PMCID: PMC6296681 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s182466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), is an orphan transcription factor. Recently, many studies have reported its regulatory mechanisms and transcriptional targets after identification. Therefore, it may be eligible to join the rank of other nuclear receptors that control almost all aspects of cell metabolism. Cellular metabolism reprogramming plays a key role in fueling malignant change. The purpose of this review was to demonstrate that the ERRα plays an important role in the association between gynecological endocrine-related tumors and energy metabolism. Furthermore, regulation of ERRα may represent a promising strategy to induce cellular metabolic vulnerability of cancer from different origins. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of current treatment strategies may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- GuiFen Liu
- Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China,
| | - PengMing Sun
- Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China, .,Department of Gynaecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China,
| | - BinHua Dong
- Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 350001 Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jalid Sehouli
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology and Gynaecology, Charité/Campus Virchow-Klinikum, European Competence Centre for Ovarian Cancer University of Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany
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23
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Geskovski N, Sazdovska SD, Gjosheva S, Petkovska R, Popovska M, Anastasova L, Mladenovska K, Goracinova K. Rational development of nanomedicines for molecular targeting in periodontal disease. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 93:31-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Muir A, Danai LV, Vander Heiden MG. Microenvironmental regulation of cancer cell metabolism: implications for experimental design and translational studies. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm035758. [PMID: 30104199 PMCID: PMC6124553 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers have an altered metabolism, and there is interest in understanding precisely how oncogenic transformation alters cellular metabolism and how these metabolic alterations can translate into therapeutic opportunities. Researchers are developing increasingly powerful experimental techniques to study cellular metabolism, and these techniques have allowed for the analysis of cancer cell metabolism, both in tumors and in ex vivo cancer models. These analyses show that, while factors intrinsic to cancer cells such as oncogenic mutations, alter cellular metabolism, cell-extrinsic microenvironmental factors also substantially contribute to the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells. These findings highlight that microenvironmental factors within the tumor, such as nutrient availability, physical properties of the extracellular matrix, and interactions with stromal cells, can influence the metabolic phenotype of cancer cells and might ultimately dictate the response to metabolically targeted therapies. In an effort to better understand and target cancer metabolism, this Review focuses on the experimental evidence that microenvironmental factors regulate tumor metabolism, and on the implications of these findings for choosing appropriate model systems and experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Muir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Laura V Danai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Emmanuel N, Ragunathan S, Shan Q, Wang F, Giannakou A, Huser N, Jin G, Myers J, Abraham RT, Unsal-Kacmaz K. Purine Nucleotide Availability Regulates mTORC1 Activity through the Rheb GTPase. Cell Rep 2018; 19:2665-2680. [PMID: 28658616 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacologic agents that interfere with nucleotide metabolism constitute an important class of anticancer agents. Recent studies have demonstrated that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitors suppress de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine and purine nucleotides. Here, we demonstrate that mTORC1 itself is suppressed by drugs that reduce intracellular purine nucleotide pools. Cellular treatment with AG2037, an inhibitor of the purine biosynthetic enzyme GARFT, profoundly inhibits mTORC1 activity via a reduction in the level of GTP-bound Rheb, an obligate upstream activator of mTORC1, because of a reduction in intracellular guanine nucleotides. AG2037 treatment provokes both mTORC1 inhibition and robust tumor growth suppression in mice bearing non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenografts. These results indicate that alterations in purine nucleotide availability affect mTORC1 activity and suggest that inhibition of mTORC1 contributes to the therapeutic effects of purine biosynthesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Emmanuel
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Shoba Ragunathan
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Qin Shan
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Andreas Giannakou
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Nanni Huser
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10646 Science Center Drive/CB4, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Guixian Jin
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Jeremy Myers
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA
| | - Robert T Abraham
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10646 Science Center Drive/CB4, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Keziban Unsal-Kacmaz
- Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY 10965, USA.
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26
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Kaczmarek R, Korczyński D, Królewska‐Golińska K, Wheeler KA, Chavez FA, Mikus A, Dembinski R. Organometallic Nucleosides: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Substituted Dicobalt Hexacarbonyl 2'-Deoxy-5-oxopropynyluridines. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:237-247. [PMID: 29531887 PMCID: PMC5838391 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactions of dicobalt octacarbonyl [Co2(CO)8] with 2'-deoxy-5-oxopropynyluridines and related compounds gave dicobalt hexacarbonyl nucleoside complexes (83-31 %). The synthetic outcomes were confirmed by X-ray structure determination of dicobalt hexacarbonyl 2'-deoxy-5-(4-hydroxybut-1-yn-1-yl)uridine, which exhibits intermolecular hydrogen bonding between a modified base and ribose. The electronic structure of this compound was characterized by the DFT calculations. The growth inhibition of HeLa and K562 cancer cell lines by organometallic nucleosides was examined and compared to that by alkynyl nucleoside precursors. Coordination of the dicobalt carbonyl moiety to the 2'-deoxy-5-alkynyluridines led to a significant increase in the cytotoxic potency. The cobalt compounds displayed antiproliferative activities with median inhibitory values (IC50) in the range of 20 to 80 μm for the HeLa cell line and 18 to 30 μm for the K562 cell line. Coordination of an acetyl-substituted cobalt nucleoside was expanded by using the 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) ligand, which exhibited cytotoxicity at comparable levels. The formation of reactive oxygen species in the presence of cobalt compounds was determined in K562 cells. The results indicate that the mechanism of action for most antiproliferative cobalt compounds may be related to the induction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kaczmarek
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryCentre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of SciencesSienkiewicza 11290–363ŁódźPoland
| | - Dariusz Korczyński
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryCentre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of SciencesSienkiewicza 11290–363ŁódźPoland
| | - Karolina Królewska‐Golińska
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryCentre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of SciencesSienkiewicza 11290–363ŁódźPoland
| | - Kraig A. Wheeler
- Department of ChemistryWhitworth University300 W. Hawthorne Rd.SpokaneWA99251USA
| | - Ferman A. Chavez
- Department of ChemistryOakland University146 Library DriveRochesterMI48309-4479USA
| | - Agnieszka Mikus
- Department of ChemistryOakland University146 Library DriveRochesterMI48309-4479USA
| | - Roman Dembinski
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryCentre of Molecular and Macromolecular StudiesPolish Academy of SciencesSienkiewicza 11290–363ŁódźPoland
- Department of ChemistryOakland University146 Library DriveRochesterMI48309-4479USA
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27
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Nguyen T, Le A. The Metabolism of Renal Cell Carcinomas and Liver Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1063:107-118. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77736-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Russell S, Wojtkowiak J, Neilson A, Gillies RJ. Metabolic Profiling of healthy and cancerous tissues in 2D and 3D. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15285. [PMID: 29127321 PMCID: PMC5681543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is a compartmentalized process, and it is apparent in studying cancer that tumors, like normal tissues, demonstrate metabolic cooperation between different cell types. Metabolic profiling of cells in 2D culture systems often fails to reflect the metabolism occurring within tissues in vivo due to lack of other cell types and 3D interaction. We designed a tooling and methodology to metabolically profile and compare 2D cultures with cancer cell spheroids, and microtissue slices from tumors, and normal organs. We observed differences in the basal metabolism of 2D and 3D cell cultures in response to metabolic inhibitors, and chemotherapeutics. The metabolic profiles of microtissues derived from normal organs (heart, kidney) were relatively consistent when comparing microtissues derived from the same organ. Treatment of heart and kidney microtissues with cardio- or nephro-toxins had early and marked effects on tissue metabolism. In contrast, microtissues derived from different regions of the same tumors exhibited significant metabolic heterogeneity, which correlated to histology. Hence, metabolic profiling of complex microtissues is necessary to understand the effects of metabolic co-operation and how this interaction, not only can be targeted for treatment, but this method can be used as a reproducible, early and sensitive measure of drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shonagh Russell
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Andy Neilson
- Agilent Technologies (Seahorse Bioscience), 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd., Santa Clara, CA, 95051, USA
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Imaging and Metabolism, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
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29
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Luengo A, Gui DY, Vander Heiden MG. Targeting Metabolism for Cancer Therapy. Cell Chem Biol 2017; 24:1161-1180. [PMID: 28938091 PMCID: PMC5744685 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming contributes to tumor development and introduces metabolic liabilities that can be exploited to treat cancer. Chemotherapies targeting metabolism have been effective cancer treatments for decades, and the success of these therapies demonstrates that a therapeutic window exists to target malignant metabolism. New insights into the differential metabolic dependencies of tumors have provided novel therapeutic strategies to exploit altered metabolism, some of which are being evaluated in preclinical models or clinical trials. Here, we review our current understanding of cancer metabolism and discuss how this might guide treatments targeting the metabolic requirements of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Luengo
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dan Y Gui
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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30
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Espindola-Netto JM, Chini CCS, Tarragó M, Wang E, Dutta S, Pal K, Mukhopadhyay D, Sola-Penna M, Chini EN. Preclinical efficacy of the novel competitive NAMPT inhibitor STF-118804 in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85054-85067. [PMID: 29156703 PMCID: PMC5689593 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD salvage is one of the pathways used to generate NAD in mammals. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in this pathway, uses nicotinamide (NAM) to generate nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). NMN is one of the main precursors of NAD synthesis in cells. Our previous study showed the importance of NAMPT in maintaining NAD levels in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PDAC), and that the NAMPT inhibitor FK866 decreased pancreatic cancer growth. We now tested the effect of STF-118804, a new highly specific NAMPT inhibitor, in models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. STF-118804 reduced viability and growth of different PDAC lines, as well as the formation of colonies in soft agar. In addition, STF-118804 decreased glucose uptake, lactate excretion, and ATP levels, resulting in metabolic collapse. STF-118804 treatment activated AMPK and inhibited of mTOR pathways in these cells. This effect was significantly potentiated by pharmacological AMPK activation and mTOR inhibition. Exogenous NMN blocked both the activation of the AMPK pathway and the decrease in cell viability. Panc-1 cells expressing GFP-luciferase were orthotopically implanted on mice pancreas to test the in vivo effectiveness of STF-118804. Both STF-118804 and FK866 reduced tumor size after 21 days of treatment. Combinations of STF-118804 with chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel, gemcitabine, and etoposide showed an additive effect in decreasing cell viability and growth. In conclusion, our preclinical study shows that the NAMPT inhibitor STF-118804 reduced the growth of PDAC in vitro and in vivo and had an additive effect in combination with main current chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jair Machado Espindola-Netto
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, U.S.A.,Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo (LabECoM), Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (BioTecFar), Faculdade de Farmacia, Centro de Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia C S Chini
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
| | - Mariana Tarragó
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
| | - Shamit Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
| | - Krishnendu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
| | - Mauro Sola-Penna
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo (LabECoM), Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (BioTecFar), Faculdade de Farmacia, Centro de Ciencias da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo N Chini
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
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Cho A, Lau JYC, Geraghty BJ, Cunningham CH, Keshari KR. Noninvasive Interrogation of Cancer Metabolism with Hyperpolarized 13C MRI. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:1201-1206. [PMID: 28596156 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.182170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review will highlight recent advances in hyperpolarized 13C MR spectroscopic imaging, which can be used to noninvasively interrogate tumor metabolism. After providing an overview of MR and hyperpolarization, we will discuss the latest advances in data acquisition techniques. Next, we will shift our focus to hyperpolarized probe design and provide an overview of the latest hyperpolarized 13C MR spectroscopic imaging probes developed in the last several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Cho
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Justin Y C Lau
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin J Geraghty
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles H Cunningham
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York .,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Metabolomics: Definitions and Significance in Systems Biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 965:3-17. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47656-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Hung LY, Wang CH, Fu CY, Gopinathan P, Lee GB. Microfluidics in the selection of affinity reagents for the detection of cancer: paving a way towards future diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:2759-74. [PMID: 27381813 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00662k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technologies have miniaturized a variety of biomedical applications, and these chip-based systems have several significant advantages over their large-scale counterparts. Recently, this technology has been used for automating labor-intensive and time-consuming screening processes, whereby affinity reagents, including aptamers, peptides, antibodies, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and a variety of small molecules, are used to probe for molecular biomarkers. When compared to conventional methods, the microfluidic approaches are faster, more compact, require considerably smaller quantities of samples and reagents, and can be automated. Furthermore, they allow for more precise control of reaction conditions (e.g., pH, temperature, and shearing forces) such that more efficient screening can be performed. A variety of affinity reagents for targeting cancer cells or cancer biomarkers are now available and will likely replace conventional antibodies. In this review article, the selection of affinity reagents for cancer cells or cancer biomarkers on microfluidic platforms is reviewed with the aim of highlighting the utility of such approaches in cancer diagnostics.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Immobilized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Immobilized/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/chemistry
- Aptamers, Nucleotide/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Humans
- Immobilized Nucleic Acids/chemistry
- Immobilized Nucleic Acids/metabolism
- Immobilized Proteins/metabolism
- Lab-On-A-Chip Devices/trends
- Leukocytes/cytology
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Ligands
- Mice
- Neoplasms/blood
- Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Oligonucleotides/chemistry
- Oligonucleotides/metabolism
- Single-Chain Antibodies/chemistry
- Single-Chain Antibodies/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Yu Hung
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan.
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Dhakshinamoorthy S, Dinh NT, Skolnick J, Styczynski MP. Metabolomics identifies the intersection of phosphoethanolamine with menaquinone-triggered apoptosis in an in vitro model of leukemia. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:2406-16. [PMID: 26175011 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00237k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Altered metabolism is increasingly acknowledged as an important aspect of cancer, and thus serves as a potentially fertile area for the identification of therapeutic targets or leads. Our recent work using transcriptional data to predict metabolite levels in cancer cells led to preliminary evidence of the antiproliferative role of menaquinone (vitamin K2) in the Jurkat cell line model of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, nothing is known about the direct metabolic impacts of menaquinone in cancer, which could provide insights into its mechanism of action. Here, we used metabolomics to investigate the process by which menaquinone exerts antiproliferative activity on Jurkat cells. We first validated the dose-dependent, semi-selective, pro-apoptotic activity of menaquinone treatment on Jurkat cells relative to non-cancerous lymphoblasts. We then used mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to identify systems-scale changes in metabolic dynamics that are distinct from changes induced in non-cancerous cells or by other chemotherapeutics. One of the most significantly affected metabolites was phosphoethanolamine, which exhibited a two-fold increase in menaquinone-treated Jurkat cells compared to vehicle-treated cells at 24 h, growing to a five-fold increase at 72 h. Phosphoethanolamine elevation was observed prior to the induction of apoptosis, and was not observed in menaquinone-treated lymphoblasts or chemotherapeutic-treated Jurkat cells. We also validated the link between menaquinone and phosphoethanolamine in an ovarian cancer cell line, suggesting potentially broad applicability of their relationship. This metabolomics-based work is the first detailed characterization of the metabolic impacts of menaquinone treatment and the first identified link between phosphoethanolamine and menaquinone-induced apoptosis.
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Tan Z, Luo X, Xiao L, Tang M, Bode AM, Dong Z, Cao Y. The Role of PGC1α in Cancer Metabolism and its Therapeutic Implications. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:774-82. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Su AM, Styczynski MP. Manipulation of metabolism in complex eukaryotic systems to control cellular state. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Liu B, Ezeogu L, Zellmer L, Yu B, Xu N, Joshua Liao D. Protecting the normal in order to better kill the cancer. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1394-403. [PMID: 26177855 PMCID: PMC4567024 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the only option for oncologists when a cancer has widely spread to different body sites. However, almost all currently available chemotherapeutic drugs will eventually encounter resistance after their initial positive effect, mainly because cancer cells develop genetic alterations, collectively coined herein as mutations, to adapt to the therapy. Some patients may still respond to a second chemo drug, but few cases respond to a third one. Since it takes time for cancer cells to develop new mutations and then select those life-sustaining ones via clonal expansion, "run against time for mutations to emerge" should be a crucial principle for treatment of those currently incurable cancers. Since cancer cells constantly change to adapt to the therapy whereas normal cells are stable, it may be a better strategy to shift our focus from killing cancer cells per se to protecting normal cells from chemotherapeutic toxicity. This new strategy requires the development of new drugs that are nongenotoxic and can quickly, in just hours or days, kill cancer cells without leaving the still-alive cells with time to develop mutations, and that should have their toxicities confined to only one or few organs, so that specific protections can be developed and applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingya Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lewis Ezeogu
- Hormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustin, Minnesota, 55912
| | - Lucas Zellmer
- Hormel Institute, University of MinnesotaAustin, Minnesota, 55912
| | - Baofa Yu
- Beijing Baofa Cancer Hospital, Shahe Wangzhuang Gong Ye YuanChang Pin Qu, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijing, 100021, China
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Korangath P, Teo WW, Sadik H, Han L, Mori N, Huijts CM, Wildes F, Bharti S, Zhang Z, Santa-Maria CA, Tsai H, Dang CV, Stearns V, Bhujwalla ZM, Sukumar S. Targeting Glutamine Metabolism in Breast Cancer with Aminooxyacetate. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:3263-73. [PMID: 25813021 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutamine addiction in c-MYC-overexpressing breast cancer is targeted by the aminotransferase inhibitor, aminooxyacetate (AOA). However, the mechanism of ensuing cell death remains unresolved. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A correlation between glutamine dependence for growth and c-MYC expression was studied in breast cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effects of AOA, its correlation with high c-MYC expression, and effects on enzymes in the glutaminolytic pathway were investigated. AOA-induced cell death was assessed by measuring changes in metabolite levels by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), the effects of amino acid depletion on nucleotide synthesis by cell-cycle and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) uptake analysis, and activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated pathway. Antitumor effects of AOA with or without common chemotherapies were determined in breast cancer xenografts in immunodeficient mice and in a transgenic MMTV-rTtA-TetO-myc mouse mammary tumor model. RESULTS We established a direct correlation between c-MYC overexpression, suppression of glutaminolysis, and AOA sensitivity in most breast cancer cells. MRS, cell-cycle analysis, and BrdUrd uptake measurements indicated depletion of aspartic acid and alanine leading to cell-cycle arrest at S-phase by AOA. Activation of components of the ER stress-mediated pathway, initiated through GRP78, led to apoptotic cell death. AOA inhibited growth of SUM159, SUM149, and MCF-7 xenografts and c-myc-overexpressing transgenic mouse mammary tumors. In MDA-MB-231, AOA was effective only in combination with chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS AOA mediates its cytotoxic effects largely through the stress response pathway. The preclinical data of AOA's effectiveness provide a strong rationale for further clinical development, particularly for c-MYC-overexpressing breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Korangath
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wei Wen Teo
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Helen Sadik
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Liangfeng Han
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Noriko Mori
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charlotte M Huijts
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Flonne Wildes
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Santosh Bharti
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cesar A Santa-Maria
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hualing Tsai
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chi V Dang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vered Stearns
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Saraswati Sukumar
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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A comprehensive review on bioactive fused heterocycles as purine-utilizing enzymes inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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40
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Fuhrer T, Zamboni N. High-throughput discovery metabolomics. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2014; 31:73-8. [PMID: 25197792 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-targeted metabolomics by mass spectrometry has established as the method of choice for investigating metabolic phenotypes in basic and applied research. Compared to other omics, metabolomics provides broad scope and yet direct information on the integrated cellular response with low demand in material and sample preparation. These features render non-targeted metabolomics ideally suited for large scale screens and discovery. Here we review the achievements and potential in high-throughput, non-targeted metabolomics. We found that routine and precise analysis of thousands of small molecular features in thousands of complex samples per day and instrument is already reality, and ongoing developments in microfluidics and integrated interfaces will likely further boost throughput in the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fuhrer
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Potential mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase R140Q mutant inhibitor from traditional Chinese medicine against cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:364625. [PMID: 24995286 PMCID: PMC4066711 DOI: 10.1155/2014/364625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A recent research of cancer has indicated that the mutant of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and 2) genes will induce various cancers, including chondrosarcoma, cholangiocarcinomas, and acute myelogenous leukemia due to the effect of point mutations in the active-site arginine residues of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), such as IDH1/R132, IDH2/R140, and IDH2/R172. As the inhibition for those tumor-associated mutant IDH proteins may induce differentiation of those cancer cells, these tumor-associated mutant IDH proteins can be treated as a drug target proteins for a differentiation therapy against cancers. In this study, we aim to identify the potent TCM compounds from the TCM Database@Taiwan as lead compounds of IDH2 R140Q mutant inhibitor. Comparing to the IDH2 R140Q mutant protein inhibitor, AGI-6780, the top two TCM compounds, precatorine and abrine, have higher binding affinities with target protein in docking simulation. After MD simulation, the top two TCM compounds remain as the same docking poses under dynamic conditions. In addition, precatorine is extracted from Abrus precatorius L., which represents the cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects for breast cancer and several tumor lines. Hence, we propose the TCM compounds, precatorine and abrine, as potential candidates as lead compounds for further study in drug development process with the IDH2 R140Q mutant protein against cancer.
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