1
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Kim J, Kang DH, Cheng M, Kim SK. Dynamic Interplay between the Mode-Randomization and Autodetachment of the Dipole-Bound States of the Anion. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:8562-8568. [PMID: 39140675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
State-specific dynamics of the dipole-bound state (DBS) of the cryogenically cooled deprotonated 4,4'-biphenol anion have been investigated by picosecond time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy. For DBS vibrational states below the electron-detachment threshold, the relaxation rate is slow to give a lifetime (τ) longer than ∼5 ns, and it is attributed to the nonvalence-to-valence orbital transformation. For the DBS resonances above the detachment threshold, however, the lifetime decreases with the activation of autodetachment, whereas the otherwise zeroth DBS modes seem to be randomized by intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR), as manifested in the biexponential transients. As the DBS internal energy increases further, the lifetime shows a monotonic decrease to give τ ∼ 50 ps at E'vib ∼ 1700 cm-1. This study demonstrates that IVR may play an important role in the autodetachment dynamics when the density of states rapidly increases with increasing vibrational energy, giving important implications for the electron-transfer dynamics taking place in large biological or astrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyung Kang
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheng
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sang Kyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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2
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Xu Y, Peschel MT, Jänchen M, Foja R, Storch G, Thyrhaug E, de Vivie-Riedle R, Hauer J. Determining Excited-State Absorption Properties of a Quinoid Flavin by Polarization-Resolved Transient Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3830-3839. [PMID: 38709806 PMCID: PMC11103687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
As important naturally occurring chromophores, photophysical/chemical properties of quinoid flavins have been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically. However, little is known about the transition dipole moment (TDM) orientation of excited-state absorption transitions of these important compounds. This aspect is of high interest in the fields of photocatalysis and quantum control studies. In this work, we employ polarization-associated spectra (PAS) to study the excited-state absorption transitions and the underlying TDM directions of a standard quinoid flavin compound. As compared to transient absorption anisotropy (TAA), an analysis based on PAS not only avoids diverging signals but also retrieves the relative angle for ESA transitions with respect to known TDM directions. Quantum chemical calculations of excited-state properties lead to good agreement with TA signals measured in magic angle configuration. Only when comparing experiment and theory for TAA spectra and PAS, do we find deviations when and only when the S0 → S1 of flavin is used as a reference. We attribute this to the vibronic coupling of this transition to a dark state. This effect is only observed in the employed polarization-controlled spectroscopy and would have gone unnoticed in conventional TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Martin T. Peschel
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Miriam Jänchen
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Richard Foja
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Golo Storch
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Erling Thyrhaug
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Hauer
- TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis
Research Center, Technical University of
Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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3
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Shee M, Zhang D, Banerjee M, Roy S, Pal B, Anoop A, Yuan Y, Singh NDP. Interrogating bioinspired ESIPT/PCET-based Ir(iii)-complexes as organelle-targeted phototherapeutics: a redox-catalysis under hypoxia to evoke synergistic ferroptosis/apoptosis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9872-9884. [PMID: 37736623 PMCID: PMC10510766 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03096b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Installing proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in Ir-complexes is indeed a newly explored phenomenon, offering high quantum efficiency and tunable photophysics; however, the prospects for its application in various fields, including interrogating biological systems, are quite open and exciting. Herein, we developed various organelle-targeted Ir(iii)-complexes by leveraging the photoinduced PCET process to see the opportunities in phototherapeutic application and investigate the underlying mechanisms of action (MOAs). We diversified the ligands' nature and also incorporated a H-bonded benzimidazole-phenol (BIP) moiety with π-conjugated ancillary ligands in Ir(iii) to study the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process for tuning dual emission bands and to tempt excited-state PCET. These visible or two-photon-NIR light activatable Ir-catalysts generate reactive hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) and simultaneously oxidize electron donating biomolecules (1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or glutathione) to disrupt redox homeostasis, downregulate the GPX4 enzyme, and amplify oxidative stress and lipid peroxide (LPO) accumulation. Our homogeneous photocatalytic platform efficiently triggers organelle dysfunction mediated by a Fenton-like pathway with spatiotemporal control upon illumination to evoke ferroptosis poised with the synergistic action of apoptosis in a hypoxic environment leading to cell death. Ir2 is the most efficient photochemotherapy agent among others, which provided profound cytophototoxicity to 4T1 and MCF-7 cancerous cells and inhibited solid hypoxic tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maniklal Shee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal-721302 India
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus Guangzhou 511442 PR China
| | - Moumita Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal-721302 India
| | - Samrat Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Bipul Pal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Anakuthil Anoop
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal-721302 India
| | - Youyong Yuan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus Guangzhou 511442 PR China
| | - N D Pradeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal-721302 India
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4
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Emmerich HJ, Schneider L, Essen LO. Structural and Functional Analysis of a Prokaryotic (6-4) Photolyase from the Aquatic Pathogen Vibrio Cholerae †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:1248-1257. [PMID: 36692077 DOI: 10.1111/php.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Photolyases are flavoproteins, which are able to repair UV-induced DNA lesions in a light-dependent manner. According to their substrate, they can be distinguished as CPD- and (6-4) photolyases. While CPD-photolyases repair the predominantly occurring cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer lesion, (6-4) photolyases catalyze the repair of the less prominent (6-4) photoproduct. The subgroup of prokaryotic (6-4) photolyases/FeS-BCP is one of the most ancient types of flavoproteins in the ubiquitously occurring photolyase & cryptochrome superfamily (PCSf). In contrast to canonical photolyases, prokaryotic (6-4) photolyases possess a few particular characteristics, including a lumazine derivative as antenna chromophore besides the catalytically essential flavin adenine dinucleotide as well as an elongated linker region between the N-terminal α/β-domain and the C-terminal all-α-helical domain. Furthermore, they can harbor an additional short subdomain, located at the C-terminus, with a binding site for a [4Fe-4S] cluster. So far, two crystal structures of prokaryotic (6-4) photolyases have been reported. Within this study, we present the high-resolution structure of the prokaryotic (6-4) photolyase from Vibrio cholerae and its spectroscopic characterization in terms of in vitro photoreduction and DNA-repair activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Emmerich
- Unit for Structural Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Leonie Schneider
- Unit for Structural Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars-Oliver Essen
- Unit for Structural Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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5
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Cakilkaya B, Kavakli IH, DeMirci H. The crystal structure of Vibrio cholerae (6-4) photolyase reveals interactions with cofactors and a DNA-binding region. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102794. [PMID: 36528063 PMCID: PMC9852545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photolyases (PLs) reverse UV-induced DNA damage using blue light as an energy source. Of these PLs, (6-4) PLs repair (6-4)-lesioned photoproducts. We recently identified a gene from Vibrio cholerae (Vc) encoding a (6-4) PL, but structural characterization is needed to elucidate specific interactions with the chromophore cofactors. Here, we determined the crystal structure of Vc (6-4) PL at 2.5 Å resolution. Our high-resolution structure revealed that the two well-known cofactors, flavin adenine dinucleotide and the photoantenna 6,7-dimethyl 8-ribityl-lumazin (DMRL), stably interact with an α-helical and an α/β domain, respectively. Additionally, the structure has a third cofactor with distinct electron clouds corresponding to a [4Fe-4S] cluster. Moreover, we identified that Asp106 makes a hydrogen bond with water and DMRL, which indicates further stabilization of the photoantenna DMRL within Vc (6-4) PL. Further analysis of the Vc (6-4) PL structure revealed a possible region responsible for DNA binding. The region located between residues 478 to 484 may bind the lesioned DNA, with Arg483 potentially forming a salt bridge with DNA to stabilize further the interaction of Vc (6-4) PL with its substrate. Our comparative analysis revealed that the DNA lesion could not bind to the Vc (6-4) PL in a similar fashion to the Drosophila melanogaster (Dm, (6-4)) PL without a significant conformational change of the protein. The 23rd helix of the bacterial (6-4) PLs seems to have remarkable plasticity, and conformational changes facilitate DNA binding. In conclusion, our structure provides further insight into DNA repair by a (6-4) PL containing three cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Cakilkaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Kavakli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; Koc University Isbank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUIS-CID), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hasan DeMirci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; Koc University Isbank Center for Infectious Diseases (KUIS-CID), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey; PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA.
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6
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Zhang X, Zhu Z, Liu W, Gao F, Guo J, Song B, Lee LP, Zhang F. The Selective Function of Quantum Biological Electron Transfer between DNA Bases and Metal Ions in DNA Replication. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7779-7787. [PMID: 35969805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions play vital roles in the electron transfer between biological molecules in humans, animals, and plants. However, the electron transfer between metal ions and nucleic acids and its impact on DNA-ion binding during DNA replication has been ignored. Here, we present a long-range quantum biological electron transfer (QBET) between DNA bases and metal ions and its selective function of DNA-ion binding in DNA replication. We discover biophysical DNA-ion binding and create biological filters that allow selective DNA replication by dual modulators of the valence and concentration of metal ions. QBET-based DNA replication filters provide powerful tools for ultrasensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to selectively amplify target sequences with a discrete concentration window of metal ions; for example, Au3+ exhibits a concentration window that is approximately 3 orders of magnitude lower than that of Na+. DNA-ion filters provide new perspectives into metal ion-mediated QBET in DNA replication and hold great potential in life sciences and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Wenpeng Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Bo Song
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Luke P Lee
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Technology and Instrument for Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Optical-Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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7
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Krul SE, Costa GJ, Hoehn SJ, Valverde D, Oliveira LMF, Borin AC, Crespo-Hernández CE. Resolving Ultrafast Photoinitiated Dynamics of the Hachimoji 5-Aza-7-Deazaguanine Nucleobase: Impact of Synthetically Expanding the Genetic Alphabet. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 99:693-705. [PMID: 35938218 DOI: 10.1111/php.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The guanine derivative, 5-aza-7-deazaguanine (5N7C G) has recently been proposed as one of four unnatural bases, termed Hachimoji (8-letter) to expand the genetic code. We apply steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy to investigate its electronic relaxation mechanism and probe the effect of atom substitution on the relaxation mechanism in polar protic and polar aprotic solvents. Mapping of the excited state potential energy surfaces is performed, from which the critical points are optimized by using the state-of-art Extended Multi-State Complete Active Space Second-Order Perturbation Theory. It is demonstrated that excitation to the lowest energy 1 ππ* state of 5N7C G results in complex dynamics leading to ca. 10 to 30-fold slower relaxation (depending on solvent) compared to guanine. A significant conformational change occurs at the S1 minimum, resulting in a 10-fold greater fluorescence quantum yield compared to guanine. The fluorescence quantum yield and S1 decay lifetime increase going from water to acetonitrile to propanol. The solvent-dependent results are supported by the quantum chemical calculations showing an increase in the energy barrier between the S1 minimum and the S1 /S0 conical intersection going from water to propanol. The longer lifetimes might make 5N7C G more photochemical active to adjacent nucleobases than guanine or other nucleobases within DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Krul
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States
| | - Gustavo J Costa
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sean J Hoehn
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States
| | - Danillo Valverde
- Unité de Chimie Physique Theorique et Structurale, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, Université de Namur, B-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Leonardo M F Oliveira
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Borin
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000. São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Crespo-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, United States
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8
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Curtolo F, Arantes GM. Molecular properties and tautomeric equilibria of isolated flavins. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:1561-1572. [PMID: 35778728 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Flavins are employed as redox cofactors and chromophores in a plethora of flavoenzymes. Their versatility is an outcome of intrinsic molecular properties of the isoalloxazine ring modulated by the protein scaffold and surrounding solvent. Thus, an investigation of isolated flavins with high-level electronic-structure methods and with error assessment of the calculated properties will contribute to building better models of flavin reactivity. Here, we benchmarked ground-state properties such as electron affinity, gas-phase basicity, dipole moment, torsion energy, and tautomer stability for lumiflavins in all biologically relevant oxidation and charge states. Overall, multiconfigurational effects are small and chemical accuracy is achieved by coupled-cluster treatments of energetic properties. Augmented basis sets and extrapolations to the complete basis-set limit are necessary for consistent agreement with experimental energetics. Among DFT functionals tested, M06-2X shows the best performance for most properties, except gas-phase basicity, in which M06 and CAM-B3LYP perform better. Moreover, dipole moments of radical flavins show large deviations for all functionals studied. Tautomers with noncanonical protonation states are significantly populated at normal temperatures, adding to the complexity of modeling flavins. These results will guide future computational studies of flavoproteins and flavin chemistry by indicating the limitations of electronic-structure methodologies and the contributions of multiple tautomeric states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Curtolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Arantes
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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9
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Serial crystallography captures dynamic control of sequential electron and proton transfer events in a flavoenzyme. Nat Chem 2022; 14:677-685. [PMID: 35393554 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Flavin coenzymes are universally found in biological redox reactions. DNA photolyases, with their flavin chromophore (FAD), utilize blue light for DNA repair and photoreduction. The latter process involves two single-electron transfers to FAD with an intermittent protonation step to prime the enzyme active for DNA repair. Here we use time-resolved serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography to describe how light-driven electron transfers trigger subsequent nanosecond-to-microsecond entanglement between FAD and its Asn/Arg-Asp redox sensor triad. We found that this key feature within the photolyase-cryptochrome family regulates FAD re-hybridization and protonation. After first electron transfer, the FAD•- isoalloxazine ring twists strongly when the arginine closes in to stabilize the negative charge. Subsequent breakage of the arginine-aspartate salt bridge allows proton transfer from arginine to FAD•-. Our molecular videos demonstrate how the protein environment of redox cofactors organizes multiple electron/proton transfer events in an ordered fashion, which could be applicable to other redox systems such as photosynthesis.
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10
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Foja R, Walter A, Jandl C, Thyrhaug E, Hauer J, Storch G. Reduced Molecular Flavins as Single-Electron Reductants after Photoexcitation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4721-4726. [PMID: 35259294 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Flavoenzymes mediate a multitude of chemical reactions and are catalytically active both in different oxidation states and in covalent adducts with reagents. The transfer of such reactivity to the organic laboratory using simplified molecular flavins is highly desirable, and such applications in (photo)oxidation reactions are already established. However, molecular flavins have not been used for the reduction of organic substrates yet, although this activity is known and well-studied for DNA photolyase enzymes. We report a catalytic method using reduced molecular flavins as photoreductants and γ-terpinene as a sacrificial reductant. Additionally, we present our design for air-stable, reduced flavin catalysts, which is based on a conformational bias strategy and circumvents the otherwise rapid reduction of O2 from air. Using our catalytic strategy, we were able to replace superstoichiometric amounts of the rare-earth reductant SmI2 in a 5-exo-trig cyclization of substituted barbituric acid derivatives. Such flavin-catalyzed reductions are anticipated to be beneficial for other transformations as well and their straightforward synthesis indicates future use in stereo- as well as site-selective transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Foja
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexandra Walter
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Erling Thyrhaug
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Golo Storch
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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11
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Odella E, Moore TA, Moore AL. Tuning the redox potential of tyrosine-histidine bioinspired assemblies. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 151:185-193. [PMID: 33432530 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis powers our planet and is a source of inspiration for developing artificial constructs mimicking many aspects of the natural energy transducing process. In the complex machinery of photosystem II (PSII), the redox activity of the tyrosine Z (Tyrz) hydrogen-bonded to histidine 190 (His190) is essential for its functions. For example, the Tyrz-His190 pair provides a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) pathway that effectively competes against the back-electron transfer reaction and tunes the redox potential of the phenoxyl radical/phenol redox couple ensuring a high net quantum yield of photoinduced charge separation in PSII. Herein, artificial assemblies mimicking both the structural and redox properties of the Tyrz-His190 pair are described. The bioinspired constructs contain a phenol (Tyrz model) covalently linked to a benzimidazole (His190 model) featuring an intramolecular hydrogen bond which closely emulates the one observed in the natural counterpart. Incorporation of electron-withdrawing groups in the benzimidazole moiety systematically changes the intramolecular hydrogen bond strength and modifies the potential of the phenoxyl radical/phenol redox couple over a range of ~ 250 mV. Infrared spectroelectrochemistry (IRSEC) demonstrates the associated one-electron, one-proton transfer (E1PT) process upon electrochemical oxidation of the phenol. The present contribution provides insight regarding the factors controlling the redox potential of the phenol and highlights strategies for the design of futures constructs capable of transporting protons across longer distances while maintaining a high potential of the phenoxyl radical/phenol redox couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Odella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.
| | - Thomas A Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA
| | - Ana L Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.
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12
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Abstract
We present the first exact solution to the time-independent Schrödinger equation of a model Hamiltonian consisting of a vibrational mode coupled to three electronic states. This Hamiltonian serves as a generic model for photo-induced electronic transfer reactions. The solution is non-perturbative and can be applied to ET reactions with weak and strong electronic and vibrational coupling strengths. This work suggests a new direction towards understanding the vibronic effects in ET dynamics beyond the non-adiabatic limit and Condon approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Lu
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.,Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dongping Zhong
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.,Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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13
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Wu Y, Paul CE, Hollmann F. Stabilisation of the Fatty Acid Decarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis by Caprylic Acid. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2420-2423. [PMID: 34002919 PMCID: PMC8362199 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis NC64 A (CvFAP) catalyses the light-dependent decarboxylation of fatty acids. Photoinactivation of CvFAP still represents one of the major limitations of this interesting enzyme en route to practical application. In this study we demonstrate that the photostability of CvFAP can easily be improved by the administration of medium-chain length carboxylic acids such as caprylic acid indicating that the best way of maintaining CvFAP stability is 'to keep the enzyme busy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqi Wu
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Frank Hollmann
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZDelftThe Netherlands
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14
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Huang R, Zhou PK. DNA damage repair: historical perspectives, mechanistic pathways and clinical translation for targeted cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:254. [PMID: 34238917 PMCID: PMC8266832 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is the hallmark of various cancers with the increasing accumulation of DNA damage. The application of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer treatment is typically based on this property of cancers. However, the adverse effects including normal tissues injury are also accompanied by the radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Targeted cancer therapy has the potential to suppress cancer cells' DNA damage response through tailoring therapy to cancer patients lacking specific DNA damage response functions. Obviously, understanding the broader role of DNA damage repair in cancers has became a basic and attractive strategy for targeted cancer therapy, in particular, raising novel hypothesis or theory in this field on the basis of previous scientists' findings would be important for future promising druggable emerging targets. In this review, we first illustrate the timeline steps for the understanding the roles of DNA damage repair in the promotion of cancer and cancer therapy developed, then we summarize the mechanisms regarding DNA damage repair associated with targeted cancer therapy, highlighting the specific proteins behind targeting DNA damage repair that initiate functioning abnormally duo to extrinsic harm by environmental DNA damage factors, also, the DNA damage baseline drift leads to the harmful intrinsic targeted cancer therapy. In addition, clinical therapeutic drugs for DNA damage and repair including therapeutic effects, as well as the strategy and scheme of relative clinical trials were intensive discussed. Based on this background, we suggest two hypotheses, namely "environmental gear selection" to describe DNA damage repair pathway evolution, and "DNA damage baseline drift", which may play a magnified role in mediating repair during cancer treatment. This two new hypothesis would shed new light on targeted cancer therapy, provide a much better or more comprehensive holistic view and also promote the development of new research direction and new overcoming strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, China.
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15
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Tsang C, Lee LYS, Cheung K, Chan P, Wong W, Wong K. Unexpected Promotional Effects of Alkyl‐Tailed Ligands and Anions on the Electrochemical Generation of Ruthenium(IV)‐Oxo Complexes. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chui‐Shan Tsang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Lawrence Yoon Suk Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kwong‐Chak Cheung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Pak‐Ho Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wing‐Leung Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Kwok‐Yin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
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16
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Wang Y, Veglia G, Zhong D, Gao J. Activation mechanism of Drosophila cryptochrome through an allosteric switch. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/25/eabg3815. [PMID: 34144991 PMCID: PMC8213227 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochromes are signaling proteins activated by photoexcitation of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor. Although extensive research has been performed, the mechanism for this allosteric process is still unknown. We constructed three computational models, corresponding to different redox states of the FAD cofactor in Drosophila cryptochrome (dCRY). Analyses of the dynamics trajectories reveal that the activation process occurs in the semiquinone state FAD-●, resulting from excited-state electron transfer. The Arg381-Asp410 salt bridge acts as an allosteric switch, regulated by the change in the redox state of FAD. In turn, Asp410 forms new hydrogen bonds, connecting allosteric networks of the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal domains initially separated in the resting state. The expansion to a global dynamic network leads to enhanced protein fluctuations, an increase in the radius of gyration, and the expulsion of the carboxyl-terminal tail. These structural features are in accord with mutations and spectroscopic experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Gianluigi Veglia
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dongping Zhong
- Departments of Physics and Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- Beijing University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
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17
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Kudisch B, Oblinsky DG, Black MJ, Zieleniewska A, Emmanuel MA, Rumbles G, Hyster TK, Scholes GD. Active-Site Environmental Factors Customize the Photophysics of Photoenzymatic Old Yellow Enzymes. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11236-11249. [PMID: 33231450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of non-natural photoenzymatic systems has reinvigorated the study of photoinduced electron transfer (ET) within protein active sites, providing new and unique platforms for understanding how biological environments affect photochemical processes. In this work, we use ultrafast spectroscopy to compare the photoinduced electron transfer in known photoenzymes. 12-Oxophytodienoate reductase 1 (OPR1) is compared to Old Yellow Enzyme 1 (OYE1) and morphinone reductase (MR). The latter enzymes are structurally homologous to OPR1. We find that slight differences in the amino acid composition of the active sites of these proteins determine their distinct electron-transfer dynamics. Our work suggests that the inside of a protein active site is a complex/heterogeneous dielectric network where genetically programmed heterogeneity near the site of biological ET can significantly affect the presence and lifetime of various intermediate states. Our work motivates additional tunability of Old Yellow Enzyme active-site reorganization energy and electron-transfer energetics that could be leveraged for photoenzymatic redox approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Kudisch
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Daniel G Oblinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Michael J Black
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Anna Zieleniewska
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Megan A Emmanuel
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Garry Rumbles
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.,Department of Chemistry and RASEI, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Todd K Hyster
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
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18
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A (6-4)-photolyase from the Antarctic bacterium Sphingomonas sp. UV9: recombinant production and in silico features. Extremophiles 2020; 24:887-896. [PMID: 32960344 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Photolyases are proteins that enzymatically repair the UV-induced DNA damage by a protein-DNA electron transfer mechanism. They repair either cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers or pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts or just (6-4)-photoproducts. In this work, we report the production and partial characterization of a recombinant (6-4)-photolyase (SphPhrB97) from a bacterial psychrotolerant Antarctic isolate identified as Sphingomonas sp. strain UV9. The spectrum analysis and the in silico study of SphPhrB97 suggest that this enzyme has similar features as compared to the (6-4)-photolyase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens (4DJA; PhrB), including the presence of three cofactors: FAD, DMRL (6,7-dimethyl-8-(1'-D-ribityl) lumazine), and an Fe-S cluster. The homology model of SphPhrB97 predicts that the DNA-binding pocket (area and volume) is larger as compared to (6-4)-photolyases from mesophilic microbes. Based on sequence comparison and on the homology model, we propose an electron transfer pathway towards the FAD cofactor involving the residues Trp342, Trp390, Tyr40, Tyr391, and Tyr399. The phylogenetic tree performed using curated and well-characterized prokaryotic (6-4)-photolyases suggests that SphPhrB97 may have an ancient evolutionary origin. The results suggest that SphPhrB97 is a cold-adapted enzyme, ready to cope with the UV irradiation stress found in a hostile environment, such as Antarctica.
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19
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Kandori H. Structure/Function Study of Photoreceptive Proteins by FTIR Spectroscopy. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kandori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry & OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
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20
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Lu Y, Kundu M, Zhong D. Effects of nonequilibrium fluctuations on ultrafast short-range electron transfer dynamics. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2822. [PMID: 32499536 PMCID: PMC7272615 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of electron transfer (ET) reactions in biological systems occurs at short distances and is ultrafast. Many of them show behaviors that deviate from the predictions of the classic Marcus theory. Here, we show that these ultrafast ET dynamics highly depend on the coupling between environmental fluctuations and ET reactions. We introduce a dynamic factor, γ (0 ≤ γ ≤ 1), to describe such coupling, with 0 referring to the system without coupling to a “frozen” environment, and 1 referring to the system’s complete coupling with the environment. Significantly, this system’s coupling with the environment modifies the reaction free energy, ΔGγ, and the reorganization energy, λγ, both of which become smaller. This new model explains the recent ultrafast dynamics in flavodoxin and elucidates the fundamental mechanism of nonequilibrium ET dynamics, which is critical to uncovering the molecular nature of many biological functions. Ultrafast electron-transfer reactions are fundamental to protein functions. Here the authors show that these reaction dynamics are affected by the ruggedness of protein energy landscape, which even modifies the reaction free energy and reorganization energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Lu
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Mainak Kundu
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dongping Zhong
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240, Shanghai, China.
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21
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Abstract
Nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-like characteristics exhibit their great potentials as alternatives to natural enzymes. Among various enzymes, the finding of substitutes of DNA photolyases, a family of photoenzymes for repairing the ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage by forming cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) between two adjacent thymines in a DNA strand, is still unsuccessful. CPDs raise significant health concerns in various skin diseases. Essentially, DNA photolyases selectively split dimers into monomers by photoelectrons under visible-light irradiation, and this is a photocatalytic process. However, the majority of semiconductors are unprosperous due to the accompanied photogenerated reactive oxygen species (ROS), which decompose CPDs into fragments and thereby lead to a nonselective photocatalysis. Fortunately, CeO2 as a semiconductor might deliver the selectively photocatalytic repair of UV-induced DNA damages, where the photoelectrons are used for the CPD cleavage, and the photogenerated ROS are locally suppressed for its antioxidant nature. Herein, we reported the defective porous CeO2 delivered the photolyase-like activity by enhancing visible-light absorption, enabling the effective interaction between CPDs and catalysts, and subsequently triggering the selective photocleavage of CPDs into monomers. Further, in vitro cellular and in vivo animal evaluations illustrated its high potentials as alternatives to DNA photolyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Tian
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710054 , China
| | - Tianzhu Yao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710054 , China
| | - Chaoyi Qu
- Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Guangren Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710004 , China
| | - Sai Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049 , China
| | - Xuhui Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710054 , China
| | - Yongquan Qu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710054 , China
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22
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Dikbas UM, Tardu M, Canturk A, Gul S, Ozcelik G, Baris I, Ozturk N, Kavakli IH. Identification and Characterization of a New Class of (6-4) Photolyase from Vibrio cholerae. Biochemistry 2019; 58:4352-4360. [PMID: 31578858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Light is crucial for many biological activities of most organisms, including vision, resetting of circadian rhythm, photosynthesis, and DNA repair. The cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF) represents an ancient group of UV-A/blue light sensitive proteins that perform different functions such as DNA repair, circadian photoreception, and transcriptional regulation. The CPF is widely distributed throughout all organisms, including marine prokaryotes. The bacterium Vibrio cholerae was previously shown to have a CPD photolyase that repairs UV-induced thymine dimers and two CRY-DASHs that repair UV-induced single-stranded DNA damage. Here, we characterize a hypothetical gene Vca0809 encoding a new member of CPF in this organism. The spectroscopic analysis of the purified protein indicated that this enzyme possessed a catalytic cofactor, FAD, and photoantenna chromophore 6,7-dimethyl 8-ribityl-lumazin. With a slot blot-based DNA repair assay, we showed that it possessed (6-4) photolyase activity. Further phylogenetic and computational analyses enabled us to classify this gene as a member of the family of iron-sulfur bacterial cryptochromes and photolyases (FeS-BCP). Therefore, we named this gene Vc(6-4) FeS-BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Meric Dikbas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Koc University , Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer , Istanbul 34450 , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tardu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Koc University , Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer , Istanbul 34450 , Turkey
| | - Asena Canturk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Seref Gul
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Koc University , Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer , Istanbul 34450 , Turkey
| | - Gozde Ozcelik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Baris
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Koc University , Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer , Istanbul 34450 , Turkey
| | - Nuri Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Gebze Technical University , Gebze 41400 , Kocaeli , Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Halil Kavakli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Koc University , Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer , Istanbul 34450 , Turkey.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Koc University , Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer , Istanbul 34450 , Turkey
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23
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Lacombat F, Espagne A, Dozova N, Plaza P, Müller P, Brettel K, Franz-Badur S, Essen LO. Ultrafast Oxidation of a Tyrosine by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Promotes Light Activation of an Animal-like Cryptochrome. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13394-13409. [PMID: 31368699 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The animal-like cryptochrome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CraCRY) is a recently discovered photoreceptor that controls the transcriptional profile and sexual life cycle of this alga by both blue and red light. CraCRY has the uncommon feature of efficient formation and longevity of the semireduced neutral form of its FAD cofactor upon blue light illumination. Tyrosine Y373 plays a crucial role by elongating , as fourth member, the electron transfer (ET) chain found in most other cryptochromes and DNA photolyases, which comprises a conserved tryptophan triad. Here, we report the full mechanism of light-induced FADH• formation in CraCRY using transient absorption spectroscopy from hundreds of femtoseconds to seconds. Electron transfer starts from ultrafast reduction of excited FAD to FAD•- by the proximal tryptophan (0.4 ps) and is followed by delocalized migration of the produced WH•+ radical along the tryptophan triad (∼4 and ∼50 ps). Oxidation of Y373 by coupled ET to WH•+ and deprotonation then proceeds in ∼800 ps, without any significant kinetic isotope effect, nor a pH effect between pH 6.5 and 9.0. The FAD•-/Y373• pair is formed with high quantum yield (∼60%); its intrinsic decay by recombination is slow (∼50 ms), favoring reduction of Y373• by extrinsic agents and protonation of FAD•- to form the long-lived, red-light absorbing FADH• species. Possible mechanisms of tyrosine oxidation by ultrafast proton-coupled ET in CraCRY, a process about 40 times faster than the archetypal tyrosine-Z oxidation in photosystem II, are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lacombat
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie , École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Agathe Espagne
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie , École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Nadia Dozova
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie , École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Pascal Plaza
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie , École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Pavel Müller
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS , Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91198 , Gif-sur-Yvette cedex , France
| | - Klaus Brettel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS , Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 91198 , Gif-sur-Yvette cedex , France
| | - Sophie Franz-Badur
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic Microbiology , Philipps University , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Lars-Oliver Essen
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic Microbiology , Philipps University , 35032 Marburg , Germany
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24
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Fadanni J, Acocella A, Zerbetto F. White and Colored Noises as Driving Forces of Electron Transfer: The Photolyase Repair Mechanism as a Test Case. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4511-4516. [PMID: 31343886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a model to investigate electron transfer where the explicit temporal propagation of the electronic wave function is modified by white and colored noises. Atomic energies are perturbed randomly to determine an electron transfer where the periodic electronic oscillations are greatly smothered and the transfer rates can reach up to the experimental time scale. Application to the photolyase enzyme that repairs the DNA lesions shows that the optimal conditions to reproduce the experimental lifetime are equivalent to a red or Brownian noise acting every 80 fs, that is, of ∼400 cm-1. Two-state model calculations show that the results of the quantum dynamics are robust and intrinsic to the use of noise in the simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Fadanni
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , V. F. Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Angela Acocella
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , V. F. Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , V. F. Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
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25
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Odella E, Wadsworth BL, Mora SJ, Goings JJ, Huynh MT, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore GF, Hammes-Schiffer S, Moore AL. Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Drives Long-Range Proton Translocation in Bioinspired Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14057-14061. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Odella
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Brian L. Wadsworth
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - S. Jimena Mora
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Joshua J. Goings
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Mioy T. Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Devens Gust
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Thomas A. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Gary F. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Ana L. Moore
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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26
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Hosokawa Y, Sato R, Iwai S, Yamamoto J. Implications of a Water Molecule for Photoactivation of Plant (6-4) Photolyase. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5059-5068. [PMID: 31117614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photolyases (PLs) are flavoproteins able to repair cross-links formed between adjacent pyrimidine bases in DNA in a light-dependent manner via an electron transfer. The catalytically active redox state of the flavin chromophore for the DNA repair is a fully reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH-). PLs and their relative, cryptochromes (CRYs), share a physicochemical process attributable to the light-dependent reduction of the chromophore via an ultrafast successive electron transfer through exclusively conserved three tryptophan side chains. In some (6-4) PLs and animal CRYs, an additional tryptophan participates in this photoactivation process. In a search for the intrinsic difference between the Trp triad and tetrad, a water molecule proximal to the second and third Trp was found in the reported crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana (6-4) PL. Here, we investigated the involvement of the water molecule in photoactivation. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the water molecule is stably captured in the binding site, while mutation of S412 increased water displacement from the binding site. Photochemical analysis of recombinant proteins revealed that the S412A mutation significantly decelerated the FAD photoreduction as compared to the wild type. The hydrogen-bonding network including the water molecule would play a key role in the stabilization of the FAD-Trp radical pair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Hosokawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Ryuma Sato
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research , RIKEN , 6-2-3 Furuedai , Suita , Osaka 565-0874 , Japan
| | - Shigenori Iwai
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Junpei Yamamoto
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , 1-3 Machikaneyama , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
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27
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Stanley RJ, van Galen CJ. Measuring electronic structure properties of flavins and flavoproteins by electronic Stark spectroscopy. Methods Enzymol 2019; 620:215-250. [PMID: 31072488 PMCID: PMC7301760 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The optical spectrum of a flavoprotein is one of its signature properties. No two flavoprotein absorption spectra are exactly alike as each encodes the details of the interaction of the flavin cofactor electronic structure with the specific protein binding pocket. Electronic Stark spectroscopy has the potential to elucidate these interactions with high sensitivity, at low cost, and requiring minimal technical sophistication. In this chapter we will outline the theoretical basis for Stark spectroscopy and describe the construction of the Stark spectrometer. Step-by-step instructions are given for acquiring and interpreting Stark spectra to retrieve difference moments of the flavin ground versus excited state charge distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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28
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Nohr D, Weber S, Schleicher E. EPR spectroscopy on flavin radicals in flavoproteins. Methods Enzymol 2019; 620:251-275. [PMID: 31072489 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavin semiquinone redox states are important intermediates in a broad variety of reactions catalyzed by flavoproteins. As paramagnetic states they can be favorably probed by EPR spectroscopy in all its flavors. This review summarizes recent results in the characterization of flavin radicals. On the one hand, flavin radical states, e.g., trapped as reaction intermediates, can be characterized using modern pulsed EPR methods to unravel their electronic structure and to gain information about the surrounding environment and its changes on protein action. On the other hand, short-lived intermediate flavin radical states generated, e.g., photochemically, can be followed by time-resolved EPR, which allows a direct tracking of flavin-dependent reactions with a temporal resolution reaching nanoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nohr
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erik Schleicher
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Song Y, Konar A, Sechrist R, Roy VP, Duan R, Dziurgot J, Policht V, Matutes YA, Kubarych KJ, Ogilvie JP. Multispectral multidimensional spectrometer spanning the ultraviolet to the mid-infrared. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:013108. [PMID: 30709236 DOI: 10.1063/1.5055244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multidimensional spectroscopy is the optical analog to nuclear magnetic resonance, probing dynamical processes with ultrafast time resolution. At optical frequencies, the technical challenges of multidimensional spectroscopy have hindered its progress until recently, where advances in laser sources and pulse-shaping have removed many obstacles to its implementation. Multidimensional spectroscopy in the visible and infrared (IR) regimes has already enabled respective advances in our understanding of photosynthesis and the structural rearrangements of liquid water. A frontier of ultrafast spectroscopy is to extend and combine multidimensional techniques and frequency ranges, which have been largely restricted to operating in the distinct visible or IR regimes. By employing two independent amplifiers seeded by a single oscillator, it is straightforward to span a wide range of time scales (femtoseconds to seconds), all of which are often relevant to the most important energy conversion and catalysis problems in chemistry, physics, and materials science. Complex condensed phase systems have optical transitions spanning the ultraviolet (UV) to the IR and exhibit dynamics relevant to function on time scales of femtoseconds to seconds and beyond. We describe the development of the Multispectral Multidimensional Nonlinear Spectrometer (MMDS) to enable studies of dynamical processes in atomic, molecular, and material systems spanning femtoseconds to seconds, from the UV to the IR regimes. The MMDS employs pulse-shaping methods to provide an easy-to-use instrument with an unprecedented spectral range that enables unique combination spectroscopies. We demonstrate the multispectral capabilities of the MMDS on several model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Song
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Arkaprabha Konar
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Riley Sechrist
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ved Prakash Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Rong Duan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jared Dziurgot
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Veronica Policht
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Yassel Acosta Matutes
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Kevin J Kubarych
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N University Ave., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer P Ogilvie
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Coenzyme F 420-Dependent Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Coupled Polyglutamylation of Coenzyme F 420 in Mycobacteria. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00375-18. [PMID: 30249701 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00375-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme F420 plays a key role in the redox metabolisms of various archaea and bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis In M. tuberculosis, F420-dependent reactions have been linked to several virulence factors. F420 carries multiple glutamate residues in the side chain, forming F420-n species (n, number of glutamate residues), and the length of this side chain impacts cellular physiology. M. tuberculosis strains with F420 species carrying shorter side chains exhibit resistance to delamanid and pretomanid, two new tuberculosis (TB) drugs. Thus, the process of polyglutamylation of F420 is of great interest. It has been known from genetic analysis that in mycobacteria an F420-0 γ-glutamyl ligase (FbiB) introduces up to seven glutamate residues into F420 However, purified FbiB of M. tuberculosis (MtbFbiB) is either inefficient or incapable of incorporating more than two glutamates. We found that, in vitro, MtbFbiB synthesized side chains containing up to seven glutamate residues if F420 was presented to the enzyme in a two-electron reduced state (F420H2). Our genetic analysis in Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium smegmatis and an analysis of literature data on M. tuberculosis revealed that in these mycobacteria the polyglutamylation process requires the assistance of F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Fgd) which reduces F420 to F420H2 We hypothesize that, starting with F420-0H2, the amino-terminal domain of FbiB builds F420-2H2, which is then transferred to the carboxy-terminal domain for further glutamylation; F420-2H2 modifies the carboxy-terminal domain structurally to accommodate longer glutamyl chains. This system is analogous to folylpolyglutamate synthase, which introduces more than one glutamate residue into folate only after this vitamin is reduced to tetrahydrofolate.IMPORTANCE Coenzyme F420-dependent reactions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis, potentially contributes to the virulence of this bacterium. The coenzyme carries a glutamic acid-derived tail, the length of which influences the metabolism of M. tuberculosis Mutations that eliminate the production of F420 with longer tails make M. tuberculosis resistant to two new tuberculosis drugs. This report describes that the synthesis of longer glutamyl tails of F420 requires concerted actions of two enzymes, one of which reduces the coenzyme prior to the action of the other, which catalyzes polyglutamylation. This knowledge will help to develop more effective tuberculosis (TB) drugs. Remarkably, the introduction of multiple glutamate residues into the sidechain of folate (vitamin B9) requires similar concerted actions, where one enzyme reduces the vitamin to tetrahydrofolate and the other catalyzes polyglutamylation; folate is required for DNA and amino acid synthesis. Thus, the reported research has also revealed a key similarity between two important cellular systems.
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A highly efficient and cost-effective recombinant production of a bacterial photolyase from the Antarctic isolate Hymenobacter sp. UV11. Extremophiles 2018; 23:49-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-1059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ai Y, Zhao C, Xing J, Liu Y, Wang Z, Jin J, Xia S, Cui G, Wang X. Excited-State Decay Pathways of Flavin Molecules in Five Redox Forms: The Role of Conical Intersections. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7954-7961. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuejie Ai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Chaofeng Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Jinlu Xing
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Zhangxia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Jiaren Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Xia
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xiangke Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
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Maestre-Reyna M, Yamamoto J, Huang WC, Tsai MD, Essen LO, Bessho Y. Twist and turn: a revised structural view on the unpaired bubble of class II CPD photolyase in complex with damaged DNA. IUCRJ 2018; 5:608-618. [PMID: 30224964 PMCID: PMC6126647 DOI: 10.1107/s205225251800996x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyases harness the energy of blue light to repair UV-induced DNA CPDs. Upon binding, CPD photolyases cause the photodamage to flip out of the duplex DNA and into the catalytic site of the enzyme. This process, called base-flipping, induces a kink in the DNA, as well as an unpaired bubble, which are stabilized by a network of protein-nucleic acid interactions. Previously, several co-crystal structures have been reported in which the binding mode of CPD photolyases has been studied in detail. However, in all cases the internucleoside linkage of the photodamage site was a chemically synthesized formacetal analogue and not the natural phosphodiester. Here, the first crystal structure and conformational analysis via molecular-dynamics simulations of a class II CPD photolyase in complex with photodamaged DNA that contains a natural cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer with an intra-lesion phosphodiester linkage are presented. It is concluded that a highly conserved bubble-intruding region (BIR) mediates stabilization of the open form of CPD DNA when complexed with class II CPD photolyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Maestre-Reyna
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Junpei Yamamoto
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Wei-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Daw Tsai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Lars-Oliver Essen
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 4, Marburg 35032, Germany
- LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Strasse 6, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Yoshitaka Bessho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Dokainish HM, Kitao A. Similarities and Differences between Thymine(6-4)Thymine/Cytosine DNA Lesion Repairs by Photolyases. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:8537-8547. [PMID: 30124048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Photolyases are ancient enzymes that harvest sunlight to repair DNA pyrimidine lesions such as pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone and cyclobutane dimers. Particularly, (6-4) photolyase ((6-4)PHR) plays an important role in maintaining genetic integrity by repairing thymine(6-4)thymine (T(6-4)T) and thymine(6-4)cytosine (T(6-4)C) photolesions. The majority of (6-4)PHR studies have been performed on the basis of the former's activity and assuming the equivalence of the two repair mechanisms, although the latter's activity remains poorly studied. Here, we describe investigations of the repair process of the T(6-4)C dimer using several computational methods from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to large quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical approaches. Two possible mechanisms, the historically proposed azetidine four-member ring intermediate and the free NH3 formation pathways, were considered. The MD results predicted that important active site histidine residues employed for the repair of the T(6-4)C dimer have protonation states similar to those seen in the (6-4)PHR/T(6-4)T complex. More importantly, despite chemical differences between the two substrates, a similar repair mechanism was identified: His365 protonates NH2, resulting in formation/activation mechanism of a free NH3, inducing NH2 transfer to the 5' base, and ultimately leading to pyrimidine restoration. This reaction is thermodynamically favorable with a rate-limiting barrier of 20.4 kcal mol-1. In contrast, the azetidine intermediate is unfeasible, possessing an energy barrier of 60 kcal mol-1; this barrier is similar to that predicted for the oxetane intermediate in T(6-4)T repair. Although both substrates are repaired with comparable quantum yields, the reactive complex in T(6-4)C was shown to be a 3' base radical with a lower driving force for back electron transfer combined with higher energy barrier for catalysis. These results showed the similarity in the general repair mechanisms between the two substrates while emphasizing differences in the electron dynamics in the repair cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham M Dokainish
- School of Life Science and Technology , Tokyo Institute of Technology , M6-13, 2-12-1 Ookayama , Meguro , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
| | - Akio Kitao
- School of Life Science and Technology , Tokyo Institute of Technology , M6-13, 2-12-1 Ookayama , Meguro , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan
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Kundu M, He TF, Lu Y, Wang L, Zhong D. Short-Range Electron Transfer in Reduced Flavodoxin: Ultrafast Nonequilibrium Dynamics Coupled with Protein Fluctuations. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2782-2790. [PMID: 29722985 PMCID: PMC7304529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Short-range electron transfer (ET) in proteins is an ultrafast process on the similar time scales as local protein-solvent fluctuation, and thus the two dynamics are coupled. Here we use semiquinone flavodoxin and systematically characterized the photoinduced redox cycle with 11 mutations of different aromatic electron donors (tryptophan and tyrosine) and local residues to change redox properties. We observed the forward and backward ET dynamics in a few picoseconds, strongly following a stretched behavior resulting from a coupling between local environment relaxations and these ET processes. We further observed the hot vibrational-state formation through charge recombination and the subsequent cooling dynamics also in a few picoseconds. Combined with the ET studies in oxidized flavodoxin, these results coherently reveal the evolution of the ET dynamics from single to stretched exponential behaviors and thus elucidate critical time scales for the coupling. The observed hot vibration-state formation is robust and should be considered in all photoinduced back ET processes in flavoproteins.
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Zwang T, Tse ECM, Zhong D, Barton JK. A Compass at Weak Magnetic Fields Using Thymine Dimer Repair. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:405-412. [PMID: 29632887 PMCID: PMC5879481 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
How birds sense the variations in Earth's magnetic field for navigation is poorly understood, although cryptochromes, proteins homologous to photolyases, have been proposed to participate in this magnetic sensing. Here, in electrochemical studies with an applied magnetic field, we monitor the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer lesions in duplex DNA by photolyase, mutants of photolyase, and a modified cryptochrome. We find that the yield of dimer repair is dependent on the strength and angle of the applied magnetic field even when using magnetic fields weaker than 1 gauss. This high sensitivity to weak magnetic fields depends upon a fast radical pair reaction on the thymines leading to repair. These data illustrate chemically how cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer repair may be used in a biological compass informed by variations in Earth's magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore
J. Zwang
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Edmund C. M. Tse
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Dongping Zhong
- Departments
of Chemistry and Physics, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
- E-mail:
| | - Jacqueline K. Barton
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- E-mail:
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38
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Microbial nanowires - Electron transport and the role of synthetic analogues. Acta Biomater 2018; 69:1-30. [PMID: 29357319 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electron transfer is central to cellular life, from photosynthesis to respiration. In the case of anaerobic respiration, some microbes have extracellular appendages that can be utilised to transport electrons over great distances. Two model organisms heavily studied in this arena are Shewanella oneidensis and Geobacter sulfurreducens. There is some debate over how, in particular, the Geobacter sulfurreducens nanowires (formed from pilin nanofilaments) are capable of achieving the impressive feats of natural conductivity that they display. In this article, we outline the mechanisms of electron transfer through delocalised electron transport, quantum tunnelling, and hopping as they pertain to biomaterials. These are described along with existing examples of the different types of conductivity observed in natural systems such as DNA and proteins in order to provide context for understanding the complexities involved in studying the electron transport properties of these unique nanowires. We then introduce some synthetic analogues, made using peptides, which may assist in resolving this debate. Microbial nanowires and the synthetic analogues thereof are of particular interest, not just for biogeochemistry, but also for the exciting potential bioelectronic and clinical applications as covered in the final section of the review. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Some microbes have extracellular appendages that transport electrons over vast distances in order to respire, such as the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens. There is significant debate over how G. sulfurreducens nanowires are capable of achieving the impressive feats of natural conductivity that they display: This mechanism is a fundamental scientific challenge, with important environmental and technological implications. Through outlining the techniques and outcomes of investigations into the mechanisms of such protein-based nanofibrils, we provide a platform for the general study of the electronic properties of biomaterials. The implications are broad-reaching, with fundamental investigations into electron transfer processes in natural and biomimetic materials underway. From these studies, applications in the medical, energy, and IT industries can be developed utilising bioelectronics.
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Sorigué D, Légeret B, Cuiné S, Blangy S, Moulin S, Billon E, Richaud P, Brugière S, Couté Y, Nurizzo D, Müller P, Brettel K, Pignol D, Arnoux P, Li-Beisson Y, Peltier G, Beisson F. An algal photoenzyme converts fatty acids to hydrocarbons. Science 2018; 357:903-907. [PMID: 28860382 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan6349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although many organisms capture or respond to sunlight, few enzymes are known to be driven by light. Among these are DNA photolyases and the photosynthetic reaction centers. Here, we show that the microalga Chlorella variabilis NC64A harbors a photoenzyme that acts in lipid metabolism. This enzyme belongs to an algae-specific clade of the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase family and catalyzes the decarboxylation of free fatty acids to n-alkanes or -alkenes in response to blue light. Crystal structure of the protein reveals a fatty acid-binding site in a hydrophobic tunnel leading to the light-capturing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor. The decarboxylation is initiated through electron abstraction from the fatty acid by the photoexcited FAD with a quantum yield >80%. This photoenzyme, which we name fatty acid photodecarboxylase, may be useful in light-driven, bio-based production of hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Sorigué
- Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7265 LB3M, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Bertrand Légeret
- Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7265 LB3M, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Stéphan Cuiné
- Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7265 LB3M, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Stéphanie Blangy
- Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7265 LB3M, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Solène Moulin
- Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7265 LB3M, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Emmanuelle Billon
- Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7265 LB3M, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pierre Richaud
- Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7265 LB3M, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Sabine Brugière
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA and INSERM, BIG-BGE, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Yohann Couté
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA and INSERM, BIG-BGE, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Nurizzo
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Pavel Müller
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Klaus Brettel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, F-91198, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - David Pignol
- BIAM, CEA, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7265 LBC, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Pascal Arnoux
- BIAM, CEA, CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7265 LBC, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Yonghua Li-Beisson
- Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7265 LB3M, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Gilles Peltier
- Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7265 LB3M, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Fred Beisson
- Biosciences and Biotechnologies Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), CNRS and Aix-Marseille University, UMR 7265 LB3M, CEA Cadarache, F-13108, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
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Lamazares E, Vega S, Ferreira P, Medina M, Galano-Frutos JJ, Martínez-Júlvez M, Velázquez-Campoy A, Sancho J. Direct examination of the relevance for folding, binding and electron transfer of a conserved protein folding intermediate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:19021-19031. [PMID: 28702545 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02606d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Near the minimum free energy basin of proteins where the native ensemble resides, partly unfolded conformations of slightly higher energy can be significantly populated under native conditions. It has been speculated that they play roles in molecular recognition and catalysis, but they might represent contemporary features of the evolutionary process without functional relevance. Obtaining conclusive evidence on these alternatives is difficult because it requires comparing the performance of a given protein when populating and when not populating one such intermediate, in otherwise identical conditions. Wild type apoflavodoxin populates under native conditions a partly unfolded conformation (10% of molecules) whose unstructured region includes the binding sites for the FMN cofactor and for redox partner proteins. We recently engineered a thermostable variant where the intermediate is no longer detectable. Using the wild type and variant, we assess the relevance of the intermediate comparing folding kinetics, cofactor binding kinetics, cofactor affinity, X-ray structure, intrinsic dynamics, redox potential of the apoflavodoxin-cofactor complex (Fld), its affinity for partner protein FNR, and electron transfer rate within the Fld/FNR physiological complex. Our data strongly suggest the intermediate state, conserved in long-chain apoflavodoxins, is not required for the correct assembly of flavodoxin nor does it contribute to shape its electron transfer properties. This analysis can be applied to evaluate other native basin intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Lamazares
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Vega
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Patricia Ferreira
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Milagros Medina
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan J Galano-Frutos
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez-Júlvez
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Adrián Velázquez-Campoy
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain and Fundación ARAID, Gobierno de Aragón, Spain and Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Javier Sancho
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI)-Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBsC-CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain and Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Sancar
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Dongping Zhong
- The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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42
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Zhang M, Wang L, Zhong D. Photolyase: Dynamics and electron-transfer mechanisms of DNA repair. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 632:158-174. [PMID: 28802828 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photolyase, a flavoenzyme containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) molecule as a catalytic cofactor, repairs UV-induced DNA damage of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproduct using blue light. The FAD cofactor, conserved in the whole protein superfamily of photolyase/cryptochromes, adopts a unique folded configuration at the active site that plays a critical functional role in DNA repair. Here, we review our comprehensive characterization of the dynamics of flavin cofactor and its repair photocycles by different classes of photolyases on the most fundamental level. Using femtosecond spectroscopy and molecular biology, significant advances have recently been made to map out the entire dynamical evolution and determine actual timescales of all the catalytic processes in photolyases. The repair of CPD reveals seven electron-transfer (ET) reactions among ten elementary steps by a cyclic ET radical mechanism through bifurcating ET pathways, a direct tunneling route mediated by the intervening adenine and a two-step hopping path bridged by the intermediate adenine from the cofactor to damaged DNA, through the conserved folded flavin at the active site. The unified, bifurcated ET mechanism elucidates the molecular origin of various repair quantum yields of different photolyases from three life kingdoms. For 6-4 photoproduct repair, a similar cyclic ET mechanism operates and a new cyclic proton transfer with a conserved histidine residue at the active site of (6-4) photolyases is revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dongping Zhong
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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43
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Dokainish HM, Yamada D, Iwata T, Kandori H, Kitao A. Electron Fate and Mutational Robustness in the Mechanism of (6-4)Photolyase-Mediated DNA Repair. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisham M. Dokainish
- Institute
of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Daichi Yamada
- Department
of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iwata
- Department
of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- OptoBioTechnology
Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department
of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- OptoBioTechnology
Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Akio Kitao
- Institute
of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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44
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Xu L, Wen B, Wang Y, Tian C, Wu M, Zhu G. Residues at a Single Site Differentiate Animal Cryptochromes from Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Photolyases by Affecting the Proteins' Preferences for Reduced FAD. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1129-1137. [PMID: 28393477 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryptochromes (CRYs) and photolyases belong to the cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF). Reduced FAD is essential for photolyases to photorepair UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) or 6-4 photoproducts in DNA. In Drosophila CRY (dCRY, a type I animal CRY), FAD is converted to the anionic radical but not to the reduced state upon illumination, which might induce a conformational change in the protein to relay the light signal downstream. To explore the foundation of these differences, multiple sequence alignment of 650 CPF protein sequences was performed. We identified a site facing FAD (Ala377 in Escherichia coli CPD photolyase and Val415 in dCRY), hereafter referred to as "site 377", that was distinctly conserved across these sequences: CPD photolyases often had Ala, Ser, or Asn at this site, whereas animal CRYs had Ile, Leu, or Val. The binding affinity for reduced FAD, but not the photorepair activity of E. coli photolyase, was dramatically impaired when replacing Ala377 with any of the three CRY residues. Conversely, in V415S and V415N mutants of dCRY, FAD was photoreduced to its fully reduced state after prolonged illumination, and light-dependent conformational changes of these mutants were severely inhibited. We speculate that the residues at site 377 play a key role in the different preferences of CPF proteins for reduced FAD, which differentiate animal CRYs from CPD photolyases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Anhui Normal University, 1# Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Wannan Medical College, 22# Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Anhui Normal University, 1# Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Wannan Medical College, 22# Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Anhui Normal University, 1# Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Changqing Tian
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Anhui Normal University, 1# Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Mingcai Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Anhui Normal University, 1# Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Active Biological Macro-Molecules, Wannan Medical College, 22# Wenchang West Road, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Guoping Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Anhui Normal University, 1# Beijing East Road, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
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45
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Xie B, Cui G, Fang WH. Multiple-State Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulation of Photoisomerization of Acetylacetone with the Direct ab Initio QTMF Approach. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:2717-2729. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical
and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of
Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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46
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Spampinato CP. Protecting DNA from errors and damage: an overview of DNA repair mechanisms in plants compared to mammals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1693-1709. [PMID: 27999897 PMCID: PMC11107726 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The genome integrity of all organisms is constantly threatened by replication errors and DNA damage arising from endogenous and exogenous sources. Such base pair anomalies must be accurately repaired to prevent mutagenesis and/or lethality. Thus, it is not surprising that cells have evolved multiple and partially overlapping DNA repair pathways to correct specific types of DNA errors and lesions. Great progress in unraveling these repair mechanisms at the molecular level has been made by several talented researchers, among them Tomas Lindahl, Aziz Sancar, and Paul Modrich, all three Nobel laureates in Chemistry for 2015. Much of this knowledge comes from studies performed in bacteria, yeast, and mammals and has impacted research in plant systems. Two plant features should be mentioned. Plants differ from higher eukaryotes in that they lack a reserve germline and cannot avoid environmental stresses. Therefore, plants have evolved different strategies to sustain genome fidelity through generations and continuous exposure to genotoxic stresses. These strategies include the presence of unique or multiple paralogous genes with partially overlapping DNA repair activities. Yet, in spite (or because) of these differences, plants, especially Arabidopsis thaliana, can be used as a model organism for functional studies. Some advantages of this model system are worth mentioning: short life cycle, availability of both homozygous and heterozygous lines for many genes, plant transformation techniques, tissue culture methods and reporter systems for gene expression and function studies. Here, I provide a current understanding of DNA repair genes in plants, with a special focus on A. thaliana. It is expected that this review will be a valuable resource for future functional studies in the DNA repair field, both in plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia P Spampinato
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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47
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Zhang M, Wang L, Shu S, Sancar A, Zhong D. Bifurcating electron-transfer pathways in DNA photolyases determine the repair quantum yield. Science 2017; 354:209-213. [PMID: 27738168 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah6071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Photolyase is a blue-light-activated enzyme that repairs ultraviolet-induced DNA damage that occurs in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts. Previous studies on microbial photolyases have revealed an electron-tunneling pathway that is critical for the repair mechanism. In this study, we used femtosecond spectroscopy to deconvolute seven electron-transfer reactions in 10 elementary steps in all classes of CPD photolyases. We report a unified electron-transfer pathway through a conserved structural configuration that bifurcates to favor direct tunneling in prokaryotes and a two-step hopping mechanism in eukaryotes. Both bifurcation routes are operative, but their relative contributions, dictated by the reduction potentials of the flavin cofactor and the substrate, determine the overall quantum yield of repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shi Shu
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aziz Sancar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dongping Zhong
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Programs of Biophysics, Chemical Physics, and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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48
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Zhong D, Cadet J. Introduction. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:5-6. [PMID: 28211126 DOI: 10.1111/php.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Cadet
- University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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49
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Yamamoto J, Plaza P, Brettel K. Repair of (6-4) Lesions in DNA by (6-4) Photolyase: 20 Years of Quest for the Photoreaction Mechanism. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:51-66. [PMID: 27992654 DOI: 10.1111/php.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of DNA to ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun or from other sources causes the formation of harmful and carcinogenic crosslinks between adjacent pyrimidine nucleobases, namely cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine(6-4)pyrimidone photoproducts. Nature has developed unique flavoenzymes, called DNA photolyases, that utilize blue light, that is photons of lower energy than those of the damaging light, to repair these lesions. In this review, we focus on the chemically challenging repair of the (6-4) photoproducts by (6-4) photolyase and describe the major events along the quest for the reaction mechanisms, over the 20 years since the discovery of (6-4) photolyase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Yamamoto
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pascal Plaza
- Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Département de Chimie, PASTEUR, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, ENS, CNRS, PASTEUR, Paris, France
| | - Klaus Brettel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), IBITECS, CEA, CNRS, Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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50
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Formation of a repressive complex in the mammalian circadian clock is mediated by the secondary pocket of CRY1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:1560-1565. [PMID: 28143926 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615310114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix PAS domain (bHLH-PAS) transcription factor CLOCK:BMAL1 (brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1) sits at the core of the mammalian circadian transcription/translation feedback loop. Precise control of CLOCK:BMAL1 activity by coactivators and repressors establishes the ∼24-h periodicity of gene expression. Formation of a repressive complex, defined by the core clock proteins cryptochrome 1 (CRY1):CLOCK:BMAL1, plays an important role controlling the switch from repression to activation each day. Here we show that CRY1 binds directly to the PAS domain core of CLOCK:BMAL1, driven primarily by interaction with the CLOCK PAS-B domain. Integrative modeling and solution X-ray scattering studies unambiguously position a key loop of the CLOCK PAS-B domain in the secondary pocket of CRY1, analogous to the antenna chromophore-binding pocket of photolyase. CRY1 docks onto the transcription factor alongside the PAS domains, extending above the DNA-binding bHLH domain. Single point mutations at the interface on either CRY1 or CLOCK disrupt formation of the ternary complex, highlighting the importance of this interface for direct regulation of CLOCK:BMAL1 activity by CRY1.
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