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Wu L, Wu Q, Cao J, Wu X, Yang M, Liu H. Molecular characterization of a novel mitovirus from the plant-pathogenic fungus Nigrospora oryzae. Arch Virol 2024; 169:181. [PMID: 39150574 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Here, we characterized a novel mitovirus from the fungus Nigrospora oryzae, which was named "Nigrospora oryzae mitovirus 3" (NoMV3). The NoMV3 genome is 2,492 nt in length with a G + C content of 33%, containing a single large open reading frame (ORF) using the fungal mitochondrial genetic code. The ORF encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 775 amino acids with a molecular mass of 88.75 kDa. BLASTp analysis revealed that the RdRp of NoMV3 had 68.6%, 50.6%, and 48.6% sequence identity to those of Nigrospora oryzae mitovirus 2, Suillus luteus mitovirus 6, and Fusarium proliferatum mitovirus 3, respectively, which belong to the genus Unuamitovirus within the family Mitoviridae. Phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid sequences supported the classification of NoMV3 as a member of a new species in the genus Unuamitovirus within the family Mitoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qinxiang Wu
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jiwu Cao
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xizhi Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Manguo Yang
- Forestry Bureau of Shuangpai County, Yongzhou, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Changsha, China.
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Control of Artiffcial Forest Diseases and Pests, Changsha, China.
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Sa'diyah W, Zhao YJ, Chiba Y, Kondo H, Suzuki N, Ban S, Yaguchi T, Urayama SI, Hagiwara D. New lineages of RNA viruses from clinical isolates of Rhizopus microsporus revealed by fragmented and primer-ligated dsRNA sequencing (FLDS) analysis. mSphere 2024:e0034524. [PMID: 39072615 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00345-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhizopus microsporus is a species in the order Mucorales that is known to cause mucormycosis, but it is poorly understood as a host of viruses. Here, we examined 25 clinical strains of R. microsporus for viral infection with a conventional double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) assay using agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and the recently established fragmented and primer-ligated dsRNA sequencing (FLDS) protocol. By AGE, five virus-infected strains were detected. Then, full-length genomic sequences of 12 novel RNA viruses were revealed by FLDS, which were related to the families Mitoviridae, Narnaviridae, and Endornaviridae, ill-defined groups of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses with similarity to the established families Virgaviridae and Phasmaviridae, and the proposed family "Ambiguiviridae." All the characterized viruses, except a potential phasmavirid with a negative-sense RNA genome, had positive-sense RNA genomes. One virus belonged to a previously established species within the family Mitoviridae, whereas the other 11 viruses represented new species or even new genera. These results show that the fungal pathogen R. microsporus harbors diverse RNA viruses and extend our understanding of the diversity of RNA viruses in the fungal order Mucorales, division Mucoromycota. Identifying RNA viruses from clinical isolates of R. microsporus may expand the repertoire of natural therapeutic agents for mucormycosis in the future.IMPORTANCEThe diversity of mycoviruses in fungal hosts in the division Mucoromycota has been underestimated, mainly within the species Rhizopus microsporus. Only five positive-sense RNA genomes had previously been discovered in this species. Because current sequencing methods poorly complete the termini of genomes, we used fragmented and primer-ligated double-stranded RNA sequencing to acquire the full-length genomes. Eleven novel mycoviruses were detected in this study, including the first negative-sense RNA genome reported in R. microsporus. Our findings extend the understanding of the viral diversity in clinical strains of Mucoromycota, may provide insights into the pathogenesis and ecology of this fungus, and may offer therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasiatus Sa'diyah
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (Donated by IFO), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yan-Jie Zhao
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (Donated by IFO), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuto Chiba
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (Donated by IFO), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ban
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Yaguchi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Syun-Ichi Urayama
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (Donated by IFO), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Fungal Interaction and Molecular Biology (Donated by IFO), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Sun X, Lian Y, Tian T, Cui Z. Advancements in Functional Nanomaterials Inspired by Viral Particles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402980. [PMID: 39058214 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanostructures composed of one or more structural proteins, exhibiting stable and symmetrical structures. Their precise compositions and dimensions provide versatile opportunities for modifications, enhancing their functionality. Consequently, VLP-based nanomaterials have gained widespread adoption across diverse domains. This review focuses on three key aspects: the mechanisms of viral capsid protein self-assembly into VLPs, design methods for constructing multifunctional VLPs, and strategies for synthesizing multidimensional nanomaterials using VLPs. It provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in virus-inspired functional nanomaterials, encompassing VLP assembly, functionalization, and the synthesis of multidimensional nanomaterials. Additionally, this review explores future directions, opportunities, and challenges in the field of VLP-based nanomaterials, aiming to shed light on potential advancements and prospects in this exciting area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxun Sun
- College of Life Science, Jiang Han University, Wuhan, 430056, China
| | - Yindong Lian
- College of Life Science, Jiang Han University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tao Tian
- College of Life Science, Jiang Han University, Wuhan, 430056, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
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Urzo MLR, Guinto TD, Eusebio-Cope A, Budot BO, Yanoria MJT, Jonson GB, Arakawa M, Kondo H, Suzuki N. Metatranscriptomic Sequencing of Sheath Blight-Associated Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Revealed Multi-Infection by Diverse Groups of RNA Viruses. Viruses 2024; 16:1152. [PMID: 39066314 PMCID: PMC11281561 DOI: 10.3390/v16071152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice sheath blight, caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris, Basidiomycota), is one of the most devastating phytopathogenic fungal diseases and causes yield loss. Here, we report on a very high prevalence (100%) of potential virus-associated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements for a collection of 39 fungal strains of R. solani from the rice sheath blight samples from at least four major rice-growing areas in the Philippines and a reference isolate from the International Rice Research Institute, showing different colony phenotypes. Their dsRNA profiles suggested the presence of multiple viral infections among these Philippine R. solani populations. Using next-generation sequencing, the viral sequences of the three representative R. solani strains (Ilo-Rs-6, Tar-Rs-3, and Tar-Rs-5) from different rice-growing areas revealed the presence of at least 36 viruses or virus-like agents, with the Tar-Rs-3 strain harboring the largest number of viruses (at least 20 in total). These mycoviruses or their candidates are believed to have single-stranded RNA or dsRNA genomes and they belong to or are associated with the orders Martellivirales, Hepelivirales, Durnavirales, Cryppavirales, Ourlivirales, and Ghabrivirales based on their coding-complete RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences. The complete genome sequences of two novel RNA viruses belonging to the proposed family Phlegiviridae and family Mitoviridae were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Louie R. Urzo
- Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines; (M.L.R.U.); (T.D.G.)
| | - Timothy D. Guinto
- Microbiology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines; (M.L.R.U.); (T.D.G.)
| | - Ana Eusebio-Cope
- Fit-for-Future Genetic Resources Unit, Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Bernard O. Budot
- Institute of Weed Science, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines;
| | - Mary Jeanie T. Yanoria
- Traits for Challenged Environments Unit, Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines; (M.J.T.Y.); (G.B.J.)
| | - Gilda B. Jonson
- Traits for Challenged Environments Unit, Rice Breeding Innovations Department, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños 4031, Laguna, Philippines; (M.J.T.Y.); (G.B.J.)
| | - Masao Arakawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan;
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Group, Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Group, Institute of Plant Science and Resources (IPSR), Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki 710-0046, Japan
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Lin Y, Pan G, Qi Y, Wang B, Jin C, Fang W. A novel hypovirulence-associated Hadaka virus 1 (HadV1-LA6) in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. mSphere 2024:e0042824. [PMID: 39012104 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00428-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) poses a significant threat to banana crops as a lethal fungal pathogen. The global spread of Foc underscores the formidable challenges associated with traditional management methods in combating this pathogen. This study delves into the hypovirulence-associated mycovirus in Foc. From Foc strain LA6, we isolated and characterized a novel member of the Hadakaviridae family, named Hadaka virus 1 strain LA6 (HadV1-LA6). HadV1-LA6 comprises 10 genomic RNA segments, with RNA1 to RNA7 sharing 80.9%-95.0% amino acid sequence identity with known HadV1-7n, while RNA8 to RNA10 display significantly lower identity. HadV1-LA6 demonstrates horizontal transmission capabilities in an all-or-none fashion between different Foc strains via coculturing. Phenotypic comparisons highlight that HadV1-LA6 significantly reduces the growth rates of its host fungus under cell wall stress and oxidative stress conditions. Importantly, HadV1-LA6 attenuates Foc's virulence in detached leaves and banana plants. This study represents the first introduction of a novel hypovirulence-associated Hadaka virus 1 in Foc.IMPORTANCEFusarium wilt of banana (FWB) is a severe fungal disease caused by soil-borne Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Among various strategies, biocontrol emerges as a safe, ecologically friendly, and cost-effective approach to managing FWB. In this study, we focus on exploring the potential of a novel hypovirulent member of hadakavirid, HadV1-LA6. Previous reports suggest that HadV1 shows no apparent effect on the host. However, through phenotypic assessments, we demonstrate that HadV1-LA6 significantly impedes the growth rates of its host fungus under stress conditions. More importantly, HadV1-LA6 exhibits a remarkable capacity to attenuate Foc's virulence in detached leaves and banana plants. Furthermore, HadV1-LA6 could be horizontally transmitted between different Foc strains, presenting a promising resource for revealing the molecular mechanism of the interaction between Hadaka virus 1 and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfu Lin
- Institute of Biological Science and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guangqun Pan
- Institute of Biological Science and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Institute of Biological Science and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Biological Science and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Fang
- Institute of Biological Science and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Cao X, Liu B, Wang Z, Pang T, Sun L, Kondo H, Li J, Andika IB, Chi S. Identification of a novel member of the genus Laulavirus (family Phenuiviridae) from the entomopathogenic ascomycete fungus Cordyceps javanica. Arch Virol 2024; 169:166. [PMID: 38995418 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The virus family Phenuiviridae (order Hareavirales, comprising segmented negative-sense single stranded RNA viruses) has highly diverse members that are known to infect animals, plants, protozoans, and fungi. In this study, we identified a novel phenuivirus infecting a strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps javanica isolated from a small brown plant hopper (Laodelphax striatellus), and this virus was tentatively named "Cordyceps javanica negative-strand RNA virus 1" (CjNRSV1). The CjNRSV1 genome consists of three negative-sense single stranded RNA segments (RNA1-3) with lengths of 7252, 2401, and 1117 nt, respectively. The 3'- and 5'-terminal regions of the RNA1, 2, and 3 segments have identical sequences, and the termini of the RNA segments are complementary to each other, reflecting a common characteristic of viruses in the order Hareavirales. RNA1 encodes a large protein (∼274 kDa) containing a conserved domain for the bunyavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) superfamily, with 57-80% identity to the RdRP encoded by phenuiviruses in the genus Laulavirus. RNA2 encodes a protein (∼79 kDa) showing sequence similarity (47-63% identity) to the movement protein (MP, a plant viral cell-to-cell movement protein)-like protein (MP-L) encoded by RNA2 of laulaviruses. RNA3 encodes a protein (∼28 kDa) with a conserved domain of the phenuivirid nucleocapsid protein superfamily. Phylogenetic analysis using the RdRPs of various phenuiviruses and other unclassified phenuiviruses showed CjNRSV1 to be grouped with established members of the genus Laulavirus. Our results suggest that CjNRSV1 is a novel fungus-infecting member of the genus Laulavirus in the family Phenuiviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Cao
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Shouguang International Vegetable Sci-Tech Fair Management Service Center, Shouguang, 262700, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Tianxing Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Liying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Junmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ida Bagus Andika
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Shengqi Chi
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environment-Friendly Agricultural Pest Management, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Zhou J, Liu S, Xu Y, Yan J, Xie C, Zheng L, Chen D. Complete genome sequence of a novel botourmiavirus infecting the fungus Phomopsis asparagi. Arch Virol 2024; 169:161. [PMID: 38981885 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Here, we report a novel ourmia-like mycovirus, named "Phomopsis asparagi magoulivirus 1" (PaMV1), derived from the phytopathogenic fungus Phomopsis asparagi. The genome of PaMV1 consists of a positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ ssRNA) that is 2,639 nucleotides in length, with a GC content of 57.13%. It contains a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) consisting of 686 amino acids with a molecular mass of 78.57 kDa. Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp sequences revealed that PaMV1 grouped together with Diaporthe gulyae magoulivirus 1 (DgMV1) in a distinct clade. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis suggest that PaMV1 is a novel member of the genus Magoulivirus, family Botourmiaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhou
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yun Xu
- School of Life and Health, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Junhan Yan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Changping Xie
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Li Zheng
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Daipeng Chen
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.
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Guo J, Zhang P, Wu N, Liu W, Liu Y, Jin H, Francis F, Wang X. Transfection of entomopathogenic Metarhizium species with a mycovirus confers hypervirulence against two lepidopteran pests. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320572121. [PMID: 38885380 PMCID: PMC11214047 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320572121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although most known viruses infecting fungi pathogenic to higher eukaryotes are asymptomatic or reduce the virulence of their host fungi, those that confer hypervirulence to entomopathogenic fungus still need to be explored. Here, we identified and studied a novel mycovirus in Metarhizium flavoviride, isolated from small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus). Based on molecular analysis, we tentatively designated the mycovirus as Metarhizium flavoviride partitivirus 1 (MfPV1), a species in genus Gammapartitivirus, family Partitiviridae. MfPV1 has two double-stranded RNAs as its genome, 1,775 and 1,575 bp in size respectively, encapsidated in isometric particles. When we transfected commercial strains of Metarhizium anisopliae and Metarhizium pingshaense with MfPV1, conidiation was significantly enhanced (t test; P-value < 0. 01), and the significantly higher mortality rates of the larvae of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), two important lepidopteran pests were found in virus-transfected strains (ANOVA; P-value < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis showed that transcript levels of pathogenesis-related genes in MfPV1-infected M. anisopliae were obviously altered, suggesting increased production of metarhizium adhesin-like protein, hydrolyzed protein, and destruxin synthetase. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism whereby MfPV1 enhances the expression of pathogenesis-related genes and virulence of Metarhizium to lepidopteran pests. This study presents experimental evidence that the transfection of other entomopathogenic fungal species with a mycovirus can confer significant hypervirulence and provides a good example that mycoviruses could be used as a synergistic agent to enhance the biocontrol activity of entomopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100193, China
- Functional & Evolutionary Entomology, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-BioTech, 5030Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Peipei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Langfang Normal University, Langfang065000, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100193, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100193, China
| | - Huaibing Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100193, China
| | - Frederic Francis
- Functional & Evolutionary Entomology, University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-BioTech, 5030Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100193, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changji831100, China
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9
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Xin P, Chaoqun X, Chaojie L, Shuwei Y, Tiantian L, Junli D, Xiaoting Z, Honglian L, Jianhua L, Fei G. Molecular characterization of a new botybirnavirus that infects Alternaria sp. from tobacco. Arch Virol 2024; 169:149. [PMID: 38888750 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The genus Alternaria comprises many important fungal pathogens that infect a wide variety of organisms. In this report, we present the discovery of a new double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus called Alternaria botybirnavirus 2 (ABRV2) from a phytopathogenic strain, XC21-21C, of Alternaria sp. isolated from diseased tobacco leaves in China. The ABRV2 genome consists of two dsRNA components, namely dsRNA1 and dsRNA2, with lengths of 6,162 and 5,865 base pairs (bp), respectively. Each of these genomic dsRNAs is monocistronic, encoding hypothetical proteins of 201.6 kDa (P1) and 2193.3 kDa (P2). ABRV2 P1 and P2 share 50.54% and 63.13% amino acid sequence identity with the corresponding proteins encoded by dsRNA1 of Alternaria botybirnavirus 1 (ABRV1). Analysis of its genome organization and phylogenetic analysis revealed that ABRV2 is a new member of the genus Botybirnavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xin
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue Chaoqun
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liu Chaojie
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Shuwei
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lv Tiantian
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dai Junli
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhang Xiaoting
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Honglian
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Jianhua
- Xuchang Tobacco Company of Henan Province, 461000, Xuchang, China.
| | - Gao Fei
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, 450002, Zhengzhou, China.
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10
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Hai D, Li J, Jiang D, Cheng J, Fu Y, Xiao X, Yin H, Lin Y, Chen T, Li B, Yu X, Cai Q, Chen W, Kotta-Loizou I, Xie J. Plants interfere with non-self recognition of a phytopathogenic fungus via proline accumulation to facilitate mycovirus transmission. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4748. [PMID: 38834585 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-self recognition is a fundamental aspect of life, serving as a crucial mechanism for mitigating proliferation of molecular parasites within fungal populations. However, studies investigating the potential interference of plants with fungal non-self recognition mechanisms are limited. Here, we demonstrate a pronounced increase in the efficiency of horizontal mycovirus transmission between vegetatively incompatible Sclerotinia sclerotiorum strains in planta as compared to in vitro. This increased efficiency is associated with elevated proline concentration in plants following S. sclerotiorum infection. This surge in proline levels attenuates the non-self recognition reaction among fungi by inhibition of cell death, thereby facilitating mycovirus transmission. Furthermore, our field experiments reveal that the combined deployment of hypovirulent S. sclerotiorum strains harboring hypovirulence-associated mycoviruses (HAVs) together with exogenous proline confers substantial protection to oilseed rape plants against virulent S. sclerotiorum. This unprecedented discovery illuminates a novel pathway by which plants can counteract S. sclerotiorum infection, leveraging the weakening of fungal non-self recognition and promotion of HAVs spread. These promising insights provide an avenue to explore for developing innovative biological control strategies aimed at mitigating fungal diseases in plants by enhancing the efficacy of horizontal HAV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Hai
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jincang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Daohong Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiasen Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanping Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xueqiong Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanran Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ioly Kotta-Loizou
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jiatao Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- The Provincial Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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11
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Wang X, Kotta-Loizou I, Coutts RHA, Deng H, Han Z, Hong N, Shafik K, Wang L, Guo Y, Yang M, Xu W, Wang G. A circular single-stranded DNA mycovirus infects plants and confers broad-spectrum fungal resistance. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:955-971. [PMID: 38745413 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses have been rarely found in fungi, and the evolutionary and ecological relationships among ssDNA viruses infecting fungi and other organisms remain unclear. In this study, a novel circular ssDNA virus, tentatively named Diaporthe sojae circular DNA virus 1 (DsCDV1), was identified in the phytopathogenic fungus Diaporthe sojae isolated from pear trees. DsCDV1 has a monopartite genome (3185 nt in size) encapsidated in isometric virions (21-26 nm in diameter). The genome comprises seven putative open reading frames encoding a discrete replicase (Rep) split by an intergenic region, a putative capsid protein (CP), several proteins of unknown function (P1-P4), and a long intergenic region. Notably, the two split parts of DsCDV1 Rep share high identities with the Reps of Geminiviridae and Genomoviridae, respectively, indicating an evolutionary linkage with both families. Phylogenetic analysis based on Rep or CP sequences placed DsCDV1 in a unique cluster, supporting the establishment of a new family, tentatively named Gegemycoviridae, intermediate to both families. DsCDV1 significantly attenuates fungal growth and nearly erases fungal virulence when transfected into the host fungus. Remarkably, DsCDV1 can systematically infect tobacco and pear seedlings, providing broad-spectrum resistance to fungal diseases. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that DsCDV1 P3 is systematically localized in the plasmodesmata, while its expression in trans-complementation experiments could restore systematic infection of a movement-deficient plant virus, suggesting that P3 is a movement protein. DsCDV1 exhibits unique molecular and biological traits not observed in other ssDNA viruses, serving as a link between fungal and plant ssDNA viruses and presenting an evolutionary connection between ssDNA viruses and fungi. These findings contribute to expanding our understanding of ssDNA virus diversity and evolution, offering potential biocontrol applications for managing crucial plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ioly Kotta-Loizou
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Robert H A Coutts
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Huifang Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhenhao Han
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ni Hong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Karim Shafik
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Liping Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yashuang Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenxing Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Guoping Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
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12
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Ferilli F, Lione G, Gonthier P, Turina M, Forgia M. First detection of mycoviruses in Gnomoniopsis castaneae suggests a putative horizontal gene transfer event between negative-sense and double-strand RNA viruses. Virology 2024; 594:110057. [PMID: 38527381 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Gnomoniopsis castaneae is an ascomycetous fungus mainly known as a major pathogen of chestnut causing nut rots, although it is often found as an endophyte in chestnut tissues. To date, no virus has been reported as associated with to this fungus. Here, a collection of G. castaneae isolates from several European countries was screened to detect mycoviruses infecting the fungus: for the first time we report the identification and prevalence of mitovirus Gnomoniopsis castaneae mitovirus 1 (GcMV1) and the chrysovirus Gnomoniopsis castaneae chrysovirus 1 (GcCV1). Interestingly, we provide evidence supporting a putative horizontal gene transfer between members of the phyla Negarnaviricota and Duplornaviricota: a small putative protein of unknown function encoded on the RNA3 of GcCV1 (Chrysoviridae) has homologs in the genome of viruses of the family Mymonaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Ferilli
- University of Torino, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy; Currently an EFSA Staff Member in the Environment, Plants & Ecotoxicology Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Lione
- University of Torino, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Gonthier
- University of Torino, Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Strada Delle Cacce, 73, Torino, 10135, Italy
| | - Marco Forgia
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Strada Delle Cacce, 73, Torino, 10135, Italy.
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13
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Lu X, Dai Z, Xue J, Li W, Ni P, Xu J, Zhou C, Zhang W. Discovery of novel RNA viruses through analysis of fungi-associated next-generation sequencing data. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:517. [PMID: 38797853 PMCID: PMC11129472 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10432-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Like all other species, fungi are susceptible to infection by viruses. The diversity of fungal viruses has been rapidly expanding in recent years due to the availability of advanced sequencing technologies. However, compared to other virome studies, the research on fungi-associated viruses remains limited. RESULTS In this study, we downloaded and analyzed over 200 public datasets from approximately 40 different Bioprojects to explore potential fungal-associated viral dark matter. A total of 12 novel viral sequences were identified, all of which are RNA viruses, with lengths ranging from 1,769 to 9,516 nucleotides. The amino acid sequence identity of all these viruses with any known virus is below 70%. Through phylogenetic analysis, these RNA viruses were classified into different orders or families, such as Mitoviridae, Benyviridae, Botourmiaviridae, Deltaflexiviridae, Mymonaviridae, Bunyavirales, and Partitiviridae. It is possible that these sequences represent new taxa at the level of family, genus, or species. Furthermore, a co-evolution analysis indicated that the evolutionary history of these viruses within their groups is largely driven by cross-species transmission events. CONCLUSIONS These findings are of significant importance for understanding the diversity, evolution, and relationships between genome structure and function of fungal viruses. However, further investigation is needed to study their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lu
- Institute of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ziyuan Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxin Xue
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Wang Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Ping Ni
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, 225300, China.
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14
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Jia J, Nan L, Song Z, Chen X, Xia J, Cheng L, Zhang B, Mu F. Cross-species transmission of a novel bisegmented orfanplasmovirus in the phytopathogenic fungus Exserohilum rostratum. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1409677. [PMID: 38846572 PMCID: PMC11153860 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1409677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoviruses have been found in various fungal species across different taxonomic groups, while no viruses have been reported yet in the fungus Exserohilum rostratum. In this study, a novel orfanplasmovirus, namely Exserohilum rostratum orfanplasmovirus 1 (ErOrfV1), was identified in the Exserohilum rostratum strain JZ1 from maize leaf. The complete genome of ErOrfV1 consists of two positive single-stranded RNA segments, encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and a hypothetical protein with unknown function, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ErOrfV1 clusters with other orfanplasmoviruses, forming a distinct phyletic clade. A new family, Orfanplasmoviridae, is proposed to encompass this newly discovered ErOrfV1 and its associated orfanplasmoviruses. ErOrfV1 exhibits effective vertical transmission through conidia, as evidenced by its 100% presence in over 200 single conidium isolates. Moreover, it can be horizontally transmitted to Exserohilum turcicum. Additionally, the infection of ErOrfV1 is cryptic in E. turcicum because there were no significant differences in mycelial growth rate and colony morphology between ErOrfV1-infected and ErOrfV1-free strains. This study represents the inaugural report of a mycovirus in E. rostratum, as well as the first documentation of the biological and transmission characteristics of orfanplasmovirus. These discoveries significantly contribute to our understanding of orfanplasmovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Jia
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Linjie Nan
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zehao Song
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xu Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinsheng Xia
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihong Cheng
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Fan Mu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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15
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Zhou K, Zhang F, Deng Y. Comparative Analysis of Viromes Identified in Multiple Macrofungi. Viruses 2024; 16:597. [PMID: 38675938 PMCID: PMC11054281 DOI: 10.3390/v16040597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrofungi play important roles in the soil elemental cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. Fungal viruses are common in filamentous fungi, and some of them can affect the growth and development of hosts. However, the composition and evolution of macrofungal viruses are understudied. In this study, ninety strains of Trametes versicolor, Coprinellus micaceus, Amanita strobiliformis, and Trametes hirsuta were collected in China. Four mixed pools were generated by combining equal quantities of total RNA from each strain, according to the fungal species, and then subjected to RNA sequencing. The sequences were assembled, annotated, and then used for phylogenetic analysis. Twenty novel viruses or viral fragments were characterized from the four species of macrofungi. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, most of the viral contigs were classified into ten viral families or orders: Barnaviridae, Benyviridae, Botourmiaviridae, Deltaflexiviridae, Fusariviridae, Hypoviridae, Totiviridae, Mitoviridae, Mymonaviridae, and Bunyavirales. Of these, ambi-like viruses with circular genomes were widely distributed among the studied species. Furthermore, the number and overall abundance of viruses in these four species of macrofungi (Basidiomycota) were found to be much lower than those in broad-host phytopathogenic fungi (Ascomycota: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Botrytis cinerea). By employing metatranscriptomic analysis in this study, for the first time, we demonstrated the presence of multiple mycoviruses in Amanita strobiliformis, Coprinellus micaceus, Trametes hirsute, and Trametes versicolor, significantly contributing to research on mycoviruses in macrofungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
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16
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Felipe Benites L, Stephens TG, Van Etten J, James T, Christian WC, Barry K, Grigoriev IV, McDermott TR, Bhattacharya D. Hot springs viruses at Yellowstone National Park have ancient origins and are adapted to thermophilic hosts. Commun Biol 2024; 7:312. [PMID: 38594478 PMCID: PMC11003980 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Geothermal springs house unicellular red algae in the class Cyanidiophyceae that dominate the microbial biomass at these sites. Little is known about host-virus interactions in these environments. We analyzed the virus community associated with red algal mats in three neighboring habitats (creek, endolithic, soil) at Lemonade Creek, Yellowstone National Park (YNP), USA. We find that despite proximity, each habitat houses a unique collection of viruses, with the giant viruses, Megaviricetes, dominant in all three. The early branching phylogenetic position of genes encoded on metagenome assembled virus genomes (vMAGs) suggests that the YNP lineages are of ancient origin and not due to multiple invasions from mesophilic habitats. The existence of genomic footprints of adaptation to thermophily in the vMAGs is consistent with this idea. The Cyanidiophyceae at geothermal sites originated ca. 1.5 Bya and are therefore relevant to understanding biotic interactions on the early Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Felipe Benites
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Timothy G Stephens
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Julia Van Etten
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Timeeka James
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - William C Christian
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Timothy R McDermott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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17
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Clemons RA, Yacoub MN, Faust E, Toledo LF, Jenkinson TS, Carvalho T, Simmons DR, Kalinka E, Fritz-Laylin LK, James TY, Stajich JE. An endogenous DNA virus in an amphibian-killing fungus associated with pathogen genotype and virulence. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1469-1478.e6. [PMID: 38490202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The global panzootic lineage (GPL) of the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has caused severe amphibian population declines, yet the drivers underlying the high frequency of GPL in regions of amphibian decline are unclear. Using publicly available Bd genome sequences, we identified multiple non-GPL Bd isolates that contain a circular Rep-encoding single-stranded (CRESS)-like DNA virus, which we named Bd DNA virus 1 (BdDV-1). We further sequenced and constructed genome assemblies with long read sequences to find that the virus is integrated into the nuclear genome in some strains. Attempts to cure virus-positive isolates were unsuccessful; however, phenotypic differences between naturally virus-positive and virus-negative Bd isolates suggested that BdDV-1 decreases the growth of its host in vitro but increases the virulence of its host in vivo. BdDV-1 is the first-described CRESS DNA mycovirus of zoosporic true fungi, with a distribution inversely associated with the emergence of the panzootic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Clemons
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mark N Yacoub
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Evelyn Faust
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - L Felipe Toledo
- Laboratório de História Natural de Anfíbios Brasileiros (LaHNAB), Departamento de Biologia Animal Instituto de Biologia (IB), Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Thomas S Jenkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, East Bay, Hayward, CA 94592, USA
| | - Tamilie Carvalho
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - D Rabern Simmons
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Erik Kalinka
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Timothy Y James
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jason E Stajich
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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18
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Gao Y, Xu Z, Li P, Hu X, Chen JP, Zhang CX, Li Y. Complete genome analysis of a novel narnavirus in sweet viburnum (Viburnum odoratissimum). Arch Virol 2024; 169:90. [PMID: 38578314 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06000-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Trees and shrubs provide important ecological services. However, few studies have surveyed the virome in trees and shrubs. In this study, we discovered a new positive-sense RNA virus originating from Viburnum odoratissimum, which we named "Vo narna-like virus". The complete genome of Vo narna-like virus is 3,451 nt in length with an open reading frame (ORF) encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) protein. Phylogenetic analysis placed this virus within the betanarnavirus clade, sharing 53.63% amino acid sequence identity with its closest relative, Qingdao RNA virus 2. The complete sequence of the virus was confirmed by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and Sanger sequencing. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) analysis indicated that this virus interacts with the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway of V. odoratissimum. This is the first report of a narnavirus in V. odoratissimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhongtian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiaodi Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jian-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MARA and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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19
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Partida-Martínez LP. Fungal holobionts as blueprints for synthetic endosymbiotic systems. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002587. [PMID: 38607980 PMCID: PMC11014430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhizopus microsporus is an example of a fungal holobiont. Strains of this species can harbor bacterial and viral endosymbionts inherited by the next generation. These microbial allies increase pathogenicity and defense and control asexual and sexual reproduction.
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20
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Wang H, Marucci G, Munke A, Hassan MM, Lalle M, Okamoto K. High-resolution comparative atomic structures of two Giardiavirus prototypes infecting G. duodenalis parasite. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012140. [PMID: 38598600 PMCID: PMC11081498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Giardia lamblia virus (GLV) is a non-enveloped icosahedral dsRNA and endosymbiont virus that infects the zoonotic protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. lamblia, G. intestinalis), which is a pathogen of mammals, including humans. Elucidating the transmission mechanism of GLV is crucial for gaining an in-depth understanding of the virulence of the virus in G. duodenalis. GLV belongs to the family Totiviridae, which infects yeast and protozoa intracellularly; however, it also transmits extracellularly, similar to the phylogenetically, distantly related toti-like viruses that infect multicellular hosts. The GLV capsid structure is extensively involved in the longstanding discussion concerning extracellular transmission in Totiviridae and toti-like viruses. Hence, this study constructed the first high-resolution comparative atomic models of two GLV strains, namely GLV-HP and GLV-CAT, which showed different intracellular localization and virulence phenotypes, using cryogenic electron microscopy single-particle analysis. The atomic models of the GLV capsids presented swapped C-terminal extensions, extra surface loops, and a lack of cap-snatching pockets, similar to those of toti-like viruses. However, their open pores and absence of the extra crown protein resemble those of other yeast and protozoan Totiviridae viruses, demonstrating the essential structures for extracellular cell-to-cell transmission. The structural comparison between GLV-HP and GLV-CAT indicates the first evidence of critical structural motifs for the transmission and virulence of GLV in G. duodenalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- The Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gianluca Marucci
- Unit of Foodborne and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Munke
- The Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohammad Maruf Hassan
- The Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Lalle
- Unit of Foodborne and Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Kenta Okamoto
- The Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Hua H, Zhang X, Xia J, Wu X. A Novel Strain of Fusarium oxysporum Virus 1 Isolated from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Strain X-GS16 Influences Phenotypes of F. oxysporum Strain HB-TS-YT-1 hyg. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:252. [PMID: 38667923 PMCID: PMC11050907 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel strain of Fusarium oxysporum virus 1 (FoV1) was identified from the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum strain X-GS16 and designated as Fusarium oxysporum virus 1-FON (FoV1-FON). The full genome of FoV1-FON is 2902 bp in length and contains two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), ORF1 and ORF2, encoding a protein with an unknown function (containing a typical -1 slippery motif G_GAU_UUU at the 3'-end) and a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), respectively. BLASTx search against the National Center for the Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant database showed that FoV1-FON had the highest identity (97.46%) with FoV1. Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed that FoV1-FON clustered with FoV1 in the proposed genus Unirnavirus. FoV1-FON could vertically transmit via spores. Moreover, FoV1-FON was transmitted horizontally from the F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum strain X-GS16 to the F. oxysporum strain HB-TS-YT-1hyg. This resulted in the acquisition of the F. oxysporum strain HB-TS-YT-1hyg-V carrying FoV1-FON. No significant differences were observed in the sporulation and dry weight of mycelial biomass between HB-TS-YT-1hyg and HB-TS-YT-1hyg-V. FoV1-FON infection significantly increased the mycelial growth of HB-TS-YT-1hyg, but decreased its virulence to potato tubers and sensitivity to difenoconazole, prochloraz, and pydiflumetofen. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hypovirulence and reduced sensitivity to difenoconazole, prochloraz, and pydiflumetofen in F. oxysporum due to FoV1-FON infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xuehong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (H.H.); (X.Z.); (J.X.)
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22
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He Z, Zhao W, Fan Y, Wang L, Yang M, Yang Y, Zhou E. Genome characterization of a novel narnavirus infecting the plant-pathogenic fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. Arch Virol 2024; 169:78. [PMID: 38517587 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi and oomycetes. They are widespread in all major groups of plant-pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. To date, only the full genome of dsRNA mycoviruses and the contigs of positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) mycoviruses have been reported in Ustilaginoidea virens, which is the notorious causal agent of rice false smut (RFS). Here, we report the molecular characterization of a novel +ssRNA mycovirus, Ustilaginoidea virens narnavirus 4 (UvNV4), isolated from U. virens strain Uv418. UvNV4 has a genome of 3,131 nucleotides (nt) and possesses an open reading frame (ORF) predicted to encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of 1,017 amino acids (aa) sequence with a molecular mass of 116.6 kDa. BLASTp analysis revealed that the RdRp showed 50.34% aa sequence identity to that of the previously described Zhangzhou Narna tick virus 1. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that UvNV4 is closely related to members of the family Narnaviridae. Taken together, these results clearly demonstrate that UvNV4 is a novel +ssRNA virus infecting U. virens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui He
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yingqing Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, 330200, China
| | - Erxun Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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23
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Dai R, Yang S, Pang T, Tian M, Wang H, Zhang D, Wu Y, Kondo H, Andika IB, Kang Z, Sun L. Identification of a negative-strand RNA virus with natural plant and fungal hosts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319582121. [PMID: 38483998 PMCID: PMC10962957 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319582121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of viruses that spread to both plant and fungal populations in nature has posed intriguingly scientific question. We found a negative-strand RNA virus related to members of the family Phenuiviridae, named Valsa mali negative-strand RNA virus 1 (VmNSRV1), which induced strong hypovirulence and was prevalent in a population of the phytopathogenic fungus of apple Valsa canker (Valsa mali) infecting apple orchards in the Shaanxi Province of China. Intriguingly, VmNSRV1 encodes a protein with a viral cell-to-cell movement function in plant tissue. Mechanical leaf inoculation showed that VmNSRV1 could systemically infect plants. Moreover, VmNSRV1 was detected in 24 out of 139 apple trees tested in orchards in Shaanxi Province. Fungal inoculation experiments showed that VmNSRV1 could be bidirectionally transmitted between apple plants and V. mali, and VmNSRV1 infection in plants reduced the development of fungal lesions on leaves. Additionally, the nucleocapsid protein encoded by VmNSRV1 is associated with and rearranged lipid droplets in both fungal and plant cells. VmNSRV1 represents a virus that has adapted and spread to both plant and fungal hosts and shuttles between these two organisms in nature (phyto-mycovirus) and is potential to be utilized for the biocontrol method against plant fungal diseases. This finding presents further insights into the virus evolution and adaptation encompassing both plant and fungal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Shian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Tianxing Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Mengyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Yangling Sub-Center of National Center for Apple Improvement and College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Yunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki710-0046, Japan
| | - Ida Bagus Andika
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao266109, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
| | - Liying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki710-0046, Japan
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, China
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24
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Zhao Y, Zhang X, Mu T, Wu X. Complete genome sequence of a novel partitivirus with a dsRNA3 segment, isolated from Fusarium commune strain CP-SX-3 causing strawberry root rot. Arch Virol 2024; 169:60. [PMID: 38430446 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
A novel partitivirus, Fusarium commune partitivirus 1 (FcoPV1), was identified in Fusarium commune strain CP-SX-3 isolated from diseased roots of strawberry with symptoms of root rot. The complete genome of FcoPV1 comprises three double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs): dsRNA1 (1,825 nt), dsRNA2 (1,592 nt), and dsRNA3 (1,421 nt). dsRNA1 contains a single open reading frame (ORF1) encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and dsRNA2 contains a single ORF (ORF2) encoding a coat protein (CP). dsRNA3 is a possible satellite RNA that does not appear to encode a known protein. BLASTp analysis revealed that RdRp (86.59%) and CP (74.13%) encoded by the two ORFs (ORF1 and ORF2) had the highest sequence similarity to their counterparts in Fusarium equiseti partitivirus 1 (FePV1). Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete amino acid sequence of RdRp suggested that FcoPV1 should be considered a member of a new species in the proposed genus "Zetapartitivirus" within the family Partitiviridae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a zetapartitivirus infecting phytopathogenic F. commune.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
- Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Yingkou City, Liaoning, 115009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongyu Mu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehong Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Zhang C, Zheng X, Tie Z, Xi H, Shi M, Ma Y, Chen W, Mi Y, Yang R, Zhao S, Zhang X. Identification of Mycoviruses in the Pathogens of Fragrant Pear Valsa Canker from Xinjiang in China. Viruses 2024; 16:355. [PMID: 38543721 PMCID: PMC10974596 DOI: 10.3390/v16030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
As a common disease, canker seriously affects the yield and quality of fragrant pear due to the lack of effective control measures. Some fungi have been reported to harbor rich reservoirs of viral resources, and some mycoviruses can be used as biocontrol agents against plant diseases. In this study, 199 isolates were obtained from diseased branches of fragrant pear in the main production areas of Xinjiang. Among them, 134 belonged to Valsa spp., identified using morphological and molecular biological techniques, in which V. mali was the dominant species. The mycoviruses in Valsa spp. were further identified using metatranscriptomic sequencing and RT-PCR. The results revealed that a total of seven mycoviruses were identified, belonging to Botourmiaviridae, Endornaviridae, Fusariviridae, Hypoviridae, Mitoviridae, and Narnaviridae, among which Phomopsis longicolla hypovirus (PlHV) was dominant in all the sample collection regions. The Cryphonectria hypovirus 3-XJ1 (CHV3-XJ1), Botourmiaviridae sp.-XJ1 (BVsp-XJ1), and Fusariviridae sp.-XJ1 (Fvsp-XJ1) were new mycoviruses discovered within the Valsa spp. More importantly, compared with those in the virus-free Valsa spp. strain, the growth rate and virulence of the VN-5 strain co-infected with PlHV and CHV3-XJ1 were reduced by 59% and 75%, respectively, and the growth rate and virulence of the VN-34 strain infected with PlHV were reduced by 42% and 55%, respectively. On the other hand, the horizontal transmission efficiency of PlHV decreased when PlHV was co-infected with CHV3-XJ1, indicating that PlHV and CHV3-XJ1 were antagonistic. In summary, the mycoviruses in Valsa spp. were identified in Xinjiang for the first time, and three of them were newly discovered mycoviruses, with two strains yielding good results. These results will offer potential biocontrol resources for managing pear canker disease and provide a theoretical basis for the control of fruit tree Valsa canker disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.T.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xiaoya Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.T.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Zhanjiang Tie
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.T.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Hui Xi
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.T.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Mai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.T.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yanjun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.T.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.T.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yingjie Mi
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.T.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Rui Yang
- Agricultural Technology Extension Station of the First Division, Alaer 843300, China;
| | - Sifeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.T.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (Y.M.)
| | - Xuekun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resources Utilization, College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.T.); (H.X.); (M.S.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (Y.M.)
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26
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Zhu JZ, Qiu ZL, Gao BD, Li XG, Zhong J. A novel partitivirus conferring hypovirulence by affecting vesicle transport in the fungus Colletotrichum. mBio 2024; 15:e0253023. [PMID: 38193704 PMCID: PMC10865989 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02530-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum spp. are economically important phytopathogenic fungi that cause anthracnose in a variety of plant species worldwide. Hypovirulence-associated mycoviruses provide new options for the biological control of plant fungal diseases. Here, we found a novel partitivirus from Colletotrichum alienum and named it Colletotrichum alienum partitivirus 1 (CaPV1). CaPV1 contained two dsRNA segments encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and a capsid protein and was classified under the genus Gammapartitivirus of the family Partitiviridae. CaPV1 significantly decreased host virulence, mycelial growth, appressorial development, and appressorium turgor but increased conidial production with abnormal morphology. In addition, CaPV1 could be successfully transfected into other Colletotrichum species, including C. fructicola, C. spaethianum, and C. gloeosporioides, and caused hypovirulence, indicating the broad application potential of this virus. CaPV1 caused significant transcriptional rewiring of the host fungus C. alienum. Notably, some genes related to vesicle transport in the CaPV1-infected strain were downregulated, consistent with the impaired endocytosis pathway in this fungus. When the Rab gene CaRab7, which is associated with endocytosis in vesicle transport, was knocked out, the virulence of the mutants was reduced. Overall, our findings demonstrated that CaPV1 has the potential to control anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum, and the mechanism by which Colletotrichum induces hypovirulence is caused by affecting vesicle transport.IMPORTANCEColletotrichum is a kind of economically important phytopathogenic fungi that cause anthracnose disease in a variety of plant species worldwide. We found a novel mycovirus of the Gammapartitivirus genus and Partitiviridae family from the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum alienum and named it CaPV1. This study revealed that CaPV1 infection significantly decreased host virulence and fitness by affecting mycelial growth, appressorial development, and appressorium turgor. In addition, CaPV1 could also infect other Colletotrichum species, including C. fructicola, C. spaethianum, and C. gloeosporioides, by viral particle transfection and resulting in hypovirulence of these Colletotrichum species. Transcriptomic analysis showed that CaPV1 caused significant transcriptional rewiring of the host fungus C. alienum, especially the genes involved in vesicle transport. Moreover, endocytosis and gene knockout assays demonstrated that the mechanism underlying CaPV1-induced hypovirulence is, at least in part, caused by affecting the vesicle transport of the host fungus. This study provided insights into the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of Colletotrichum species and mycovirus-fungus interactions, linking the role of mycovirus and fungus vesicle transport systems in shaping fungal pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zi Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ze Lan Qiu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bi Da Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Gang Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Song X, Zhang J, Ma Q, Wang Y, Guo Y, Guo L, Wu H, Zhang M. Molecular characterization of a novel narnavirus infecting the phytopathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea. Arch Virol 2024; 169:38. [PMID: 38300296 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Here, a novel mycovirus, Botryosphaeria dothidea narnavirus 5 (BdNV5), was discovered in the plant-pathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea strain ZM210167-1. The BdNV5 genome sequence is 2,397 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains a putative open reading frame (ORF) encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) with a molecular mass of 72.77 kDa. A BLASTp search using the RdRp amino acid (aa) sequence showed that it was most similar to the RdRp of Botryosphaeria dothidea narnavirus 4 (42.35%). In a phylogenetic tree based on RdRp aa sequences, BdNV5 clustered with members of the family Narnaviridae. BdNV5 is thus a novel member of the family Narnaviridae infecting the phytopathogenic fungus B. dothidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzheng Song
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Qingzhou Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Yashuang Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Analytical Instrument Center, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China.
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450002, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing, 100193, China.
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28
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Wang Y, Nzabanita C, Guo L. Identification of Mycoviruses by dsRNA Extraction. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2771:111-118. [PMID: 38285397 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3702-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Mycoviruses exist in all major groups of fungi. With the continuous development of science and technology, the methods of studying viruses are constantly updated, and progressively mycoviruses have been discovered where most of these viruses are RNA viruses. Therefore, double-stranded RNA has traditionally been used as the hallmark of RNA mycovirus detection. This report describes in detail the method of mycovirus identification using extraction of dsRNA. Besides, extraction of viral dsRNA, and the assembly methods of viral genome and identification of virus type are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Clement Nzabanita
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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29
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Kambara K, Shimura H, Fujino K, Masuta C. Metagenomic Analyses of Viruses in the Orchid Mycorrhizal Interaction Using Improved Assemble Tools. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2732:67-81. [PMID: 38060118 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3515-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
In nature, mycorrhizal association with soil-borne fungi is indispensable for orchid species. Compatible mycorrhizal fungi form endo-mycorrhizal structures in orchid cells, and the fungal structures are digested in orchid cells to be supplied to orchids as nutrition. Because orchid seeds lack the reserves for germination, they keep receiving nutrition through mycorrhizal formation from seed germination until nonphotosynthetic young seedlings develop leaves and become photoautotrophic. Seeds of all orchids germinate with the help of their own fungal partners, and therefore, specific partnership has been acquired in a long evolutionary history between orchids and fungi. Assuming that horizontal transmission of viruses may occur in such a close relationship, we are focusing on viruses that infect orchids and their mycorrhizal fungi. We prepared aseptically germinated orchid plants (i.e., fungi-free plants) together with pure-cultured fungal isolates and conducted transcriptome analyses (RNA-seq) by next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach. To reconstruct virus-related sequences that would have been present in the RNA sample of interest, de novo assembly process is required using short read sequences obtained from RNA-seq. In the previous version of our protocol (see Viral Metagenomics, first edition 2018), virus searches were conducted using contig sets constructed by a single assembler, but this time we devised a method to construct more reliable contigs using multiple assemblers and again reinvestigated that viruses could be detected. Because the virus detection efficiency and number of detected virus species clearly differed depending on the assembly pipeline and the number of the input data, multiple methods should be used to identify viral infection, if possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kambara
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center (ANESC), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Shimura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Kaien Fujino
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chikara Masuta
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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30
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Li S, Ma Z, Zhang X, Cai Y, Han C, Wu X. Sixteen Novel Mycoviruses Containing Positive Single-Stranded RNA, Double-Stranded RNA, and Negative Single-Stranded RNA Genomes Co-Infect a Single Strain of Rhizoctonia zeae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 10:30. [PMID: 38248940 PMCID: PMC10817634 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, sixteen novel RNA mycoviruses co-infecting a single strain of Rhizoctonia zeae (strain D40) were identified and molecularly characterized using metatranscriptome sequencing combined with a method for rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The fungal strain was isolated from diseased seedlings of sugar beet with damping-off symptoms. Based on genome analysis and phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the sixteen mycoviruses associated with strain D40 contained three genome types with nine distinct lineages, including positive single-stranded RNA (Hypoviridae, Yadokariviridae, Botourmiaviridae, and Gammaflexiviridae), double-stranded RNA (Phlegiviridae, Megabirnaviridae, Megatotiviridae, and Yadonushiviridae), and negative single-stranded RNA (Tulasviridae), suggesting a complex composition of a mycoviral community in this single strain of R. zeae (strain D40). Full genome sequences of six novel mycoviruses and the nearly full-length sequences of the remaining ten novel mycoviruses were obtained. Furthermore, seven of these sixteen mycoviruses were confirmed to assemble virus particles present in the R. zeae strain D40. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed study of mycoviruses infecting R. zeae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xuehong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; (S.L.); (Z.M.); (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.)
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Li P, Bhattacharjee P, Gagkaeva T, Wang S, Guo L. A novel bipartite negative-stranded RNA mycovirus of the order Bunyavirales isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium sibiricum. Arch Virol 2023; 169:13. [PMID: 38155262 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel negative-stranded RNA mycovirus was isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium sibiricum strain AH32. This virus, tentatively named "Fusarium sibiricum coguvirus 1" (FsCV1), has a bipartite genome consisting of two RNA segments (RNA1 and RNA2). The negative-sense RNA1 is 6711 nt in length, encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, p251) in the viral complementary (vc) strand. The ambisense RNA2 (1204 nt long) encodes two proteins from overlapping genes: the nucleocapsid protein (NP, p38) in the vc strand and a protein of unknown function (UFP, p36) in the viral (v) strand. In contrast to other Bunyavirales members, in FsCV1, the two open reading frames are separated by a long AU-rich intergenic region (IR). Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp and NP sequences demonstrated that FsCV1 is a novel bipartite negative-stranded RNA mycovirus of the genus Coguvirus, family Phenuiviridae, order Bunyavirales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Pallab Bhattacharjee
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tatiana Gagkaeva
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Shuangchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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32
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Contreras-Soto MB, Tovar-Pedraza JM. Viruses of plant-pathogenic fungi: a promising biocontrol strategy for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:38. [PMID: 38142438 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic fungi pose a significant and ongoing threat to agriculture and food security, causing economic losses and significantly reducing crop yields. Effectively managing these fungal diseases is crucial for sustaining agricultural productivity, and in this context, mycoviruses have emerged as a promising biocontrol option. These viruses alter the physiology of their fungal hosts and their interactions with the host plants. This review encompasses the extensive diversity of reported mycoviruses, including their taxonomic classification and range of fungal hosts. We highlight representative examples of mycoviruses that affect economically significant plant-pathogenic fungi and their distinctive characteristics, with a particular emphasis on mycoviruses impacting Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. These mycoviruses exhibit significant potential for biocontrol, supported by their specificity, efficacy, and environmental safety. This positions mycoviruses as valuable tools in crop protection against diseases caused by this pathogen, maintaining their study and application as promising research areas in agricultural biotechnology. The remarkable diversity of mycoviruses, coupled with their ability to infect a broad range of plant-pathogenic fungi, inspires optimism, and suggests that these viruses have the potential to serve as an effective management strategy against major fungi-causing plant diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belia Contreras-Soto
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Coordinación Regional Culiacán, 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Coordinación Regional Culiacán, 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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33
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Zhao H, Zhang R, Wu J, Meng L, Okazaki Y, Hikida H, Ogata H. A 1.5-Mb continuous endogenous viral region in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead064. [PMID: 37953976 PMCID: PMC10640383 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Most fungal viruses are RNA viruses, and no double-stranded DNA virus that infects fungi is known to date. A recent study detected DNA polymerase genes that originated from large dsDNA viruses in the genomes of basal fungi, suggestive of the existence of dsDNA viruses capable of infecting fungi. In this study, we searched for viral infection signatures in chromosome-level genome assemblies of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. We identified a continuous 1.5-Mb putative viral region on a chromosome in R. irregularis strain 4401. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the viral region is related to viruses in the family Asfarviridae of the phylum Nucleocytoviricota. This viral region was absent in the genomes of four other R. irregularis strains and had fewer signals of fungal transposable elements than the other genomic regions, suggesting a recent and single insertion of a large dsDNA viral genome in the genome of this fungal strain. We also incidentally identified viral-like sequences in the genome assembly of the sea slug Elysia marginata that are evolutionally close to the 1.5-Mb putative viral region. In conclusion, our findings provide strong evidence of the recent infection of the fungus by a dsDNA virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Zhao
- Chemical Life Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ruixuan Zhang
- Chemical Life Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Junyi Wu
- Chemical Life Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Lingjie Meng
- Chemical Life Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okazaki
- Chemical Life Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hikida
- Chemical Life Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogata
- Chemical Life Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
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Wen Y, Qu J, Zhang H, Yang Y, Huang R, Deng J, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Li J, Zhang M, Wang G, Zhai L. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Hypovirus from the Phytopathogenic Fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea. Viruses 2023; 15:2059. [PMID: 37896836 PMCID: PMC10611357 DOI: 10.3390/v15102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many mycoviruses have been accurately and successfully identified in plant pathogenic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea. This study discovered three mycoviruses from a B. dothidea strain SXD111 using high-throughput sequencing technology. A novel hypovirus was tentatively named Botryosphaeria dothidea hypovirus 1 (BdHV1/SXD111). The other two were known viruses, which we named Botryosphaeria dothidea polymycovirus 1 strain SXD111 (BdPmV1/SXD111) and Botryosphaeria dothidea partitivirus 1 strain SXD111 (BdPV1/SXD111). The genome of BdHV1/SXD111 is 11,128 nucleotides long, excluding the poly (A) tail. A papain-like cysteine protease (Pro), a UDP-glucose/sterol glucosyltransferase (UGT), an RNA-dependent RNA polyprotein (RdRp), and a helicase (Hel) were detected in the polyprotein of BdHV1/SXD111. Phylogenetic analysis showed that BdHV1/SXD111 was clustered with betahypovirus and separated from members of the other genera in the family Hypoviridae. The BdPmV1/SXD111 genome comprised five dsRNA segments with 2396, 2232, 1967, 1131, and 1060 bp lengths. Additionally, BdPV1/SXD111 harbored three dsRNA segments with 1823, 1623, and 557 bp lengths. Furthermore, the smallest dsRNA was a novel satellite component of BdPV1/SXD111. BdHV1/SXD111 could be transmitted through conidia and hyphae contact, whereas it likely has no apparent impact on the morphologies and virulence of the host fungus. Thus, this study is the first report of a betahypovirus isolated from the fungus B. dothidea. Importantly, our results significantly enhance the diversity of the B. dothidea viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Wen
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jinyue Qu
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Honglin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Rui Huang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jili Deng
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yanping Xiao
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jiali Li
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Meixin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Guoping Wang
- Key Lab of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Lifeng Zhai
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; (Y.W.); (J.Q.); (H.Z.); (Y.Y.); (R.H.); (J.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.X.); (J.L.); (M.Z.)
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Sato Y, Suzuki N. Continued mycovirus discovery expanding our understanding of virus lifestyles, symptom expression, and host defense. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 75:102337. [PMID: 37343415 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing technologies have greatly expanded the RNA virome in general and have led to an exponential increase in new fungal viruses, also known as mycoviruses. Mycoviruses are omnipresent in fungi and usually induce symptomless infections. Some mycoviruses infecting fungi pathogenic to plants, insects, and mammals are known to modify host virulence positively and negatively and attract particular interests. In addition, fungal viruses continue to provide intriguing research materials and themes that lead to discoveries of peculiar viruses as infectious entities and insights into virus evolution and diversity. In this review, we outline the diversity and neolifestyle of recently discovered fungal RNA viruses, and phenotypic alterations induced by them. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in research regarding the fungal antiviral defense and viral counterdefense, which are closely associated with host phenotype alterations. We hope that this article will enhance understanding of the interesting and growing fungal virology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiyo Sato
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chu-ou, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
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36
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Khan HA, Baig DI, Bhatti MF. An Overview of Mycoviral Curing Strategies Used in Evaluating Fungal Host Fitness. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1547-1564. [PMID: 36841858 PMCID: PMC9963364 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The number of novel mycoviruses is increasing at a high pace due to advancements in sequencing technologies. As a result, an uncountable number of mycoviral sequences are available in public sequence repositories. However, only genomic information is not sufficient to understand the impact of mycoviruses on their host biology. Biological characterization is required to determine the nature of mycoviruses (cryptic, hypervirulent, or hypovirulent) and to search for mycoviruses with biocontrol and therapeutic potential. Currently, no particular selective method is used as the gold standard against these mycoviral infections. Given the importance of curing, we present an overview of procedures used in preparation of isogenic lines, along with their benefits and drawbacks. We concluded that a combination of single-spore isolation and hyphal tipping is the best fit for preparation of isogenic lines. Furthermore, recent bioinformatic approaches should be introduced in the field of mycovirology to predict virus-specific antivirals to get robust results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris Ahmed Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Mianwali, Punjab, 42200 Pakistan
| | - Danish Ilyas Baig
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faraz Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, 44000 Pakistan
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37
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Zhang L, Wang S, Ruan S, Nzabanita C, Wang Y, Guo L. A Mycovirus VIGS Vector Confers Hypovirulence to a Plant Pathogenic Fungus to Control Wheat FHB. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302606. [PMID: 37587761 PMCID: PMC10582431 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Mycovirus-mediated hypovirulence has the potential to control fungal diseases. However, the availability of hypovirulence-conferring mycoviruses for plant fungal disease control is limited as most fungal viruses are asymptomatic. In this study, the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector p26-D4 of Fusarium graminearum gemytripvirus 1 (FgGMTV1), a tripartite circular single-stranded DNA mycovirus, is successfully constructed to convert the causal fungus of cereal Fusarium head blight (FHB) into a hypovirulent strain. p26-D4, with an insert of a 75-150 bp fragment of the target reporter transgene transcript in both sense and antisense orientations, efficiently triggered gene silencing in Fusarium graminearum. Notably, the two hypovirulent strains, p26-D4-Tri101, and p26-D4-FgPP1, obtained by silencing the virulence-related genes Tri101 and FgPP1 with p26-D4, can be used as biocontrol agents to protect wheat from a fungal disease FHB and mycotoxin contamination at the field level. This study not only describes the first mycovirus-derived VIGS system but also proves that the VIGS vector can be used to establish multiple hypovirulent strains to control pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Shuangchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Shaojian Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Clement Nzabanita
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Lihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
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38
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Andika IB, Cao X, Kondo H, Sun L. The intriguing phenomenon of cross-kingdom infections of plant and insect viruses to fungi: Can other animal viruses also cross-infect fungi? PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011726. [PMID: 37883353 PMCID: PMC10602238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are highly widespread and commonly colonize multicellular organisms that live in natural environments. Notably, studies on viruses infecting plant-associated fungi have revealed the interesting phenomenon of the cross-kingdom transmission of viruses and viroids from plants to fungi. This implies that fungi, in addition to absorbing water, nutrients, and other molecules from the host, can acquire intracellular parasites that reside in the host. These findings further suggest that fungi can serve as suitable alternative hosts for certain plant viruses and viroids. Given the frequent coinfection of fungi and viruses in humans/animals, the question of whether fungi can also acquire animal viruses and serve as their hosts is very intriguing. In fact, the transmission of viruses from insects to fungi has been observed. Furthermore, the common release of animal viruses into the extracellular space (viral shedding) could potentially facilitate their acquisition by fungi. Investigations of the cross-infection of animal viruses in fungi may provide new insights into the epidemiology of viral diseases in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Bagus Andika
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinran Cao
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shouguang International Vegetable Sci-tech Fair Management Service Center, Shouguang, China
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Liying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Andika IB, Tian M, Bian R, Cao X, Luo M, Kondo H, Sun L. Cross-Kingdom Interactions Between Plant and Fungal Viruses. Annu Rev Virol 2023; 10:119-138. [PMID: 37406341 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-111821-122539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The large genetic and structural divergences between plants and fungi may hinder the transmission of viruses between these two kingdoms to some extent. However, recent accumulating evidence from virus phylogenetic analyses and the discovery of naturally occurring virus cross-infection suggest the occurrence of past and current transmissions of viruses between plants and plant-associated fungi. Moreover, artificial virus inoculation experiments showed that diverse plant viruses can multiply in fungi and vice versa. Thus, virus cross-infection between plants and fungi may play an important role in the spread, emergence, and evolution of both plant and fungal viruses and facilitate the interaction between them. In this review, we summarize current knowledge related to cross-kingdom virus infection in plants and fungi and further discuss the relevance of this new virological topic in the context of understanding virus spread and transmission in nature as well as developing control strategies for crop plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Bagus Andika
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China;
| | - Mengyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China;
| | - Ruiling Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China;
| | - Xinran Cao
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China;
| | - Ming Luo
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan;
| | - Liying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China;
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan;
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Scholthof KBG. The Past Is Present: Coevolution of Viruses and Host Resistance Within Geographic Centers of Plant Diversity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 61:119-136. [PMID: 37253696 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021621-113819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the coevolutionary history of plants, pathogens, and disease resistance is vital for plant pathology. Here, I review Francis O. Holmes's work with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) framed by the foundational work of Nikolai Vavilov on the geographic centers of origin of plants and crop wild relatives (CWRs) and T. Harper Goodspeed's taxonomy of the genus Nicotiana. Holmes developed a hypothesis that the origin of host resistance to viruses was due to coevolution of both at a geographic center. In the 1950s, Holmes proved that genetic resistance to TMV, especially dominant R-genes, was centered in South America for Nicotiana and other solanaceous plants, including Capsicum, potato, and tomato. One seeming exception was eggplant (Solanum melongena). Not until the acceptance of plate tectonics in the 1960s and recent advances in evolutionary taxonomy did it become evident that northeast Africa was the home of eggplant CWRs, far from Holmes's geographic center for TMV-R-gene coevolution. Unbeknownst to most plant pathologists, Holmes's ideas predated those of H.H. Flor, including experimental proof of the gene-for-gene interaction, identification of R-genes, and deployment of dominant host genes to protect crop plants from virus-associated yield losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen-Beth G Scholthof
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA;
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Sato Y, Hisano S, Suzuki N. Exploration of the yadokari/yadonushi nature of YkV3 and RnMBV3 in the original host and a model filamentous fungus. Virus Res 2023; 334:199155. [PMID: 37356581 PMCID: PMC10410583 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The yadokari/yadonushi nature is a recently discovered virus lifestyle; "yadokari" refers to the ability of capsidless positive-sense (+) RNA viruses (yadokariviruses) to utilize the capsids of phylogenetically distant double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses possibly as the replication site, while "yadonushi" refers to the ability of dsRNA viruses to provide capsids to yadokariviruses. This virus-virus interaction, however, has been only studied with limited pathosystems. Here, we established a new study model with a capsidless (+)RNA yadokarivirus YkV3 (family Yadokariviridae) and its capsid donor RnMBV3 (family Megabirnaviridae) in the original host fungus Rosellinia necatrix and a model filamentous fungal host Cryphonectria parasitica. YkV3 has a simple genome structure with one open reading frame of 4305 nucleotides encoding a single polyprotein with an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and a 2A-like self-cleavage peptide domain. Reverse genetics of YkV3 in R. necatrix showed that YkV3 tolerates a nucleotide substitution in the extreme 5'-terminus. The insertion of two termination codons immediately downstream of the 2A-like cleavage site abolished YkV3 viability, suggesting the importance of the C-terminal portion of the polyprotein of unknown function. Transfection of RnMBV3 and YkV3 into an RNA silencing-deficient mutant Δdcl2 of C. parasitica showed the replication competency of both viruses. Comparison between the wild-type and Δdcl2 strains of C. parasitica in virus accumulation suggested that RnMBV3 and YkV3 are susceptible to RNA silencing in C. parasitica. Taken together, we have established a platform to further explore the yadokari/yadonushi nature using genetically manipulable host fungal and virus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiyo Sato
- Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Sakae Hisano
- Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Agrivirology Laboratory, Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan.
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Kelliher JM, Robinson AJ, Longley R, Johnson LYD, Hanson BT, Morales DP, Cailleau G, Junier P, Bonito G, Chain PSG. The endohyphal microbiome: current progress and challenges for scaling down integrative multi-omic microbiome research. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:192. [PMID: 37626434 PMCID: PMC10463477 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
As microbiome research has progressed, it has become clear that most, if not all, eukaryotic organisms are hosts to microbiomes composed of prokaryotes, other eukaryotes, and viruses. Fungi have only recently been considered holobionts with their own microbiomes, as filamentous fungi have been found to harbor bacteria (including cyanobacteria), mycoviruses, other fungi, and whole algal cells within their hyphae. Constituents of this complex endohyphal microbiome have been interrogated using multi-omic approaches. However, a lack of tools, techniques, and standardization for integrative multi-omics for small-scale microbiomes (e.g., intracellular microbiomes) has limited progress towards investigating and understanding the total diversity of the endohyphal microbiome and its functional impacts on fungal hosts. Understanding microbiome impacts on fungal hosts will advance explorations of how "microbiomes within microbiomes" affect broader microbial community dynamics and ecological functions. Progress to date as well as ongoing challenges of performing integrative multi-omics on the endohyphal microbiome is discussed herein. Addressing the challenges associated with the sample extraction, sample preparation, multi-omic data generation, and multi-omic data analysis and integration will help advance current knowledge of the endohyphal microbiome and provide a road map for shrinking microbiome investigations to smaller scales. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reid Longley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xiao J, Huang Z, Li Y, Li H, Li P. Virome analysis of an ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus revealing potential evolutionary implications. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1229859. [PMID: 37662006 PMCID: PMC10470027 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1229859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Suillus luteus is a widespread edible ectomycorrhizal fungus that holds significant importance in both ecological and economic value. Mycoviruses are ubiquitous infectious agents hosted in different fungi, with some known to exert beneficial or detrimental effects on their hosts. However, mycoviruses hosted in ectomycorrhizal fungi remain poorly studied. To address this gap in knowledge, we employed next-generation sequencing (NGS) to investigate the virome of S. luteus. Using BLASTp analysis and phylogenetic tree construction, we identified 33 mycovirus species, with over half of them belonging to the phylum Lenarviricota, and 29 of these viruses were novel. These mycoviruses were further grouped into 11 lineages, with the discovery of a new negative-sense single-stranded RNA viral family in the order Bunyavirales. In addition, our findings suggest the occurrence of cross-species transmission (CST) between the fungus and ticks, shedding light on potential evolutionary events that have shaped the viral community in different hosts. This study is not only the first study to characterize mycoviruses in S. luteus but highlights the enormous diversity of mycoviruses and their implications for virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Huaping Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Li W, Sun H, Cao S, Zhang A, Zhang H, Shu Y, Chen H. Extreme Diversity of Mycoviruses Present in Single Strains of Rhizoctonia cerealis, the Pathogen of Wheat Sharp Eyespot. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0052223. [PMID: 37436153 PMCID: PMC10433806 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00522-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia cerealis is the pathogen of wheat sharp eyespot, which occurs throughout temperate wheat-growing regions of the world. In this project, the genomes of viruses from four strains of R. cerealis were analyzed based on Illumina high-throughput transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) data. After filtering out reads that mapped to the fungal genome, viral genomes were assembled. In total, 131 virus-like sequences containing complete open reading frames (ORFs), belonging to 117 viruses, were obtained. Based on phylogenetic analysis, some of them were identified as novel members of the families Curvulaviridae, Endornaviridae, Hypoviridae, Mitoviridae, Mymonaviridae, and Phenuiviridae, while others were unclassified viruses. Most of these viruses from R. cerealis were significantly different from the viruses already reported. We propose the establishment of a new family, Rhizoctobunyaviridae, and two new genera, Rhizoctobunyavirus and Iotahypovirus. We further clarified the distribution and coinfection of these viruses in the four strains. Surprisingly, 39 viral genomes of up to 12 genera were found in strain R1084. Strain R0942, containing the fewest viruses, also contained 21 viral genomes belonging to 10 genera. Based on the RNA-Seq data, we estimated the accumulation level of some viruses in host cells and found that the mitoviruses in R. cerealis generally have very high accumulation. In conclusion, in the culturable phytopathogenic fungus R. cerealis, we discovered a considerable diversity of mycoviruses and a series of novel viruses. This study expands our understanding of the mycoviral diversity in R. cerealis and provides a rich resource for the further use of mycoviruses to control wheat sharp eyespot. IMPORTANCE Rhizoctonia cerealis is a binucleate fungus that is widely distributed worldwide and can cause sharp eyespot disease in cereal crops. In this study, 131 virus-like sequences belonging to 117 viruses were obtained based on analysis of high-throughput RNA-Seq data from four strains of R. cerealis. Many of these viruses were novel members of various virus families, while others were unclassified viruses. As a result, a new family named Rhizoctobunyaviridae and two new genera, Rhizoctobunyavirus and Iotahypovirus, were proposed. Moreover, the discovery of multiple viruses coinfecting a single host and the high accumulation levels of mitoviruses have shed light on the complex interactions between different viruses in a single host. In conclusion, a significant diversity of mycoviruses was discovered in the culturable phytopathogenic fungus R. cerealis. This study expands our understanding of mycoviral diversity, and provides a valuable resource for the further utilization of mycoviruses to control wheat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shulin Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aixiang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huaigu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Jia J, Chen X, Wang X, Liu X, Zhang N, Zhang B, Chang Y, Mu F. Molecular characterization of a novel ambiguivirus isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Setosphaeria turcica. Arch Virol 2023; 168:199. [PMID: 37400663 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel single-stranded RNA virus was isolated from the plant-pathogenic fungus Setosphaeria turcica strain TG2, and the virus was named "Setosphaeria turcica ambiguivirus 2" (StAV2). The complete nucleotide sequence of the StAV2 genome was determined using RT-PCR and RLM-RACE. The StAV2 genome comprises 3,000 nucleotides with a G+C content of 57.77%. StAV2 contains two in-frame open reading frames (ORFs) with the potential to produce an ORF1-ORF2 fusion protein via a stop codon readthrough mechanism. ORF1 encodes a hypothetical protein (HP) of unknown function. The ORF2-encoded protein shows a high degree of sequence similarity to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) of ambiguiviruses. BLASTp searches showed that the StAV2 HP and RdRp share the highest amino acid sequence identity (46.38% and 69.23%, respectively) with the corresponding proteins of a virus identified as "Riboviria sp." isolated from a soil sample. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of the RdRp revealed that StAV2 is a new member of the proposed family "Ambiguiviridae".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichun Jia
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Nuo Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yindong Chang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Fan Mu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
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Pagnoni S, Oufensou S, Balmas V, Bulgari D, Gobbi E, Forgia M, Migheli Q, Turina M. A collection of Trichoderma isolates from natural environments in Sardinia reveals a complex virome that includes negative-sense fungal viruses with unprecedented genome organizations. Virus Evol 2023; 9:vead042. [PMID: 37692893 PMCID: PMC10491862 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vead042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma genus includes soil-inhabiting fungi that provide important ecosystem services in their interaction with plants and other fungi, as well as biocontrol of fungal plant diseases. A collection of Trichoderma isolates from Sardinia has been previously characterized, but here we selected 113 isolates, representatives of the collection, and characterized their viral components. We carried out high-throughput sequencing of ribosome-depleted total RNA following a bioinformatics pipeline that detects virus-derived RNA-directed RNA polymerases (RdRps) and other conserved viral protein sequences. This pipeline detected seventeen viral RdRps with two of them corresponding to viruses already detected in other regions of the world and the remaining fifteen representing isolates of new putative virus species. Surprisingly, eight of them are from new negative-sense RNA viruses, a first in the genus Trichoderma. Among them is a cogu-like virus, closely related to plant-infecting viruses. Regarding the positive-sense viruses, we report the presence of an 'ormycovirus' belonging to a recently characterized group of bisegmented single-stranded RNA viruses with uncertain phylogenetic assignment. Finally, for the first time, we report a bisegmented member of Mononegavirales which infects fungi. The proteins encoded by the second genomic RNA of this virus were used to re-evaluate several viruses in the Penicillimonavirus and Plasmopamonavirus genera, here shown to be bisegmented and encoding a conserved polypeptide that has structural conservation with the nucleocapsid domain of rhabdoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Pagnoni
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, via Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Safa Oufensou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and NRD—Desertification Research Center, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39a, Sassari, Sardegna 07100, Italy
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and NRD—Desertification Research Center, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39a, Sassari, Sardegna 07100, Italy
| | - Daniela Bulgari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gobbi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Marco Forgia
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Strada delle Cacce, 73, Torino 10135, Italy
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and NRD—Desertification Research Center, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 39a, Sassari, Sardegna 07100, Italy
| | - Massimo Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Strada delle Cacce, 73, Torino 10135, Italy
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Abstract
Investigation of fungal biology has been frequently motivated by the fact that many fungal species are important plant and animal pathogens. Such efforts have contributed significantly toward our understanding of fungal pathogenic lifestyles (virulence factors and strategies) and the interplay with host immune systems. In parallel, work on fungal allorecognition systems leading to the characterization of fungal regulated cell death determinants and pathways, has been instrumental for the emergent concept of fungal immunity. The uncovered evolutionary trans-kingdom parallels between fungal regulated cell death pathways and innate immune systems incite us to reflect further on the concept of a fungal immune system. Here, I briefly review key findings that have shaped the fungal immunity paradigm, providing a perspective on what I consider its most glaring knowledge gaps. Undertaking to fill such gaps would establish firmly the fungal immune system inside the broader field of comparative immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asen Daskalov
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Corresponding author
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Zhang Y, Guo H, Zhou S, Chen D, Xu G, Kang Z, Zheng L. A Novel Mitovirus PsMV2 Facilitates the Virulence of Wheat Stripe Rust Fungus. Viruses 2023; 15:1265. [PMID: 37376565 DOI: 10.3390/v15061265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat stripe rust, caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), seriously affects wheat production. Here, we report the complete genome sequence and biological characterization of a new mitovirus from P. striiformis strain GS-1, which was designated as "Puccinia striiformis mitovirus 2" (PsMV2). Genome sequence analysis showed that PsMV2 is 2658 nt in length with an AU-rich of 52.3% and comprises a single ORF of 2348 nt encoding an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PsMV2 is a new member of the genus Unuamitovirus within the family Mitoviridae. In addition, PsMV2 multiplied highly during Pst infection and it suppresses programmed cell death (PCD) triggered by Bax. Silencing of PsMV2 in Pst by barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)-mediated Host Induced Gene Silencing (HIGS) reduced fungal growth and decreased pathogenicity of Pst. These results indicate PsMV2 promotes host pathogenicity in Pst. Interestingly, PsMV2 was detected among a wide range of field isolates of Pst and may have coevolved with Pst in earlier times. Taken together, our results characterized a novel mitovirus PsMV2 in wheat stripe rust fungus, which promotes the virulence of its fungal host and wide distribution in Pst which may offer new strategies for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hualong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Daipeng Chen
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Sanya 572025, China
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Wang P, Yang G, Shi N, Zhao C, Hu F, Coutts RHA, Kotta-Loizou I, Huang B. A novel partitivirus orchestrates conidiation, stress response, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium majus. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011397. [PMID: 37216409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoviruses are widely present in all major groups of fungi but those in entomopathogenic Metarhizium spp. remain understudied. In this investigation, a novel double-stranded (ds) RNA virus is isolated from Metarhizium majus and named Metarhizium majus partitivirus 1 (MmPV1). The complete genome sequence of MmPV1 comprises two monocistronic dsRNA segments (dsRNA 1 and dsRNA 2), which encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and a capsid protein (CP), respectively. MmPV1 is classified as a new member of the genus Gammapartitivirus in the family Partitiviridae based on phylogenetic analysis. As compared to an MmPV1-free strain, two isogenic MmPV1-infected single-spore isolates were compromised in terms of conidiation, and tolerance to heat shock and UV-B irradiation, while these phenotypes were accompanied by transcriptional suppression of multiple genes involved in conidiation, heat shock response and DNA damage repair. MmPV1 attenuated fungal virulence since infection resulted in reduced conidiation, hydrophobicity, adhesion, and cuticular penetration. Additionally, secondary metabolites were significantly altered by MmPV1 infection, including reduced production of triterpenoids, and metarhizins A and B, and increased production of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. However, expression of individual MmPV1 proteins in M. majus had no impact on the host phenotype, suggesting insubstantive links between defective phenotypes and a single viral protein. These findings indicate that MmPV1 infection decreases M. majus fitness to its environment and its insect-pathogenic lifestyle and environment through the orchestration of the host conidiation, stress tolerance, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guogen Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Najie Shi
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fenglin Hu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Robert H A Coutts
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ioly Kotta-Loizou
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Pest Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Ye Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li H, Li P. Metatranscriptome-based strategy reveals the existence of novel mycoviruses in the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1193714. [PMID: 37275129 PMCID: PMC10234264 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1193714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is a devastating plant pathogen that caused a great financial loss in the banana's source area. Metatranscriptomic analysis was used to determine the diversity of mycoviruses in 246 isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Partial or nearly complete genomes of 20 mycoviruses were obtained by BLASTp analysis of RNA sequences using the NCBI database. These 20 viruses were grouped into five distinct lineages, namely Botourmiaviridae, Endornaviridae, Mitoviridae, Mymonaviridae, Partitiviridae, and two non-classified mycoviruses lineages. To date, there is no report of the presence of mycoviruses in this pathogen. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of mycoviruses isolated from Foc. These findings enhance our overall knowledge of viral diversity and taxonomy in Foc. Further characterization of these mycoviruses is warranted, especially in terms of exploring these novel mycoviruses for innovative biocontrol of banana Fusarium wilt disease.
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