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Vincent LM, Allender MC, Curtis AE, Madden NE, Cray C, Lance S, McFall A, Adamovicz L. CUTANEOUS MYIASIS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO WELLNESS IN EASTERN BOX TURTLES ( TERRAPENE CAROLINA CAROLINA) IN CAPE COD, MASSACHUSETTS. J Zoo Wildl Med 2024; 54:785-795. [PMID: 38252002 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) face a variety of anthropogenic, infectious, and environmental threats and have been affected by high morbidity and mortality disease events. Wellness parameters in free-ranging eastern box turtles with a high prevalence of myiasis on Cape Cod, MA, were documented to identify epidemiologic trends or associations with several health parameters. There were 109 samples collected from 59 individual box turtles over the course of 4 mon. Six turtles died over the course of this study. Fly larvae infestations varied in severity and were observed in the cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue (n = 18; 30.5%). Animals with myiasis had fewer plastron abnormalities than those without (P = 0.034), and all turtles found in bogs had evidence of fly larvae infections (P < 0.0001). Individuals with myiasis also had lower body condition index (P = 0.014), lower total white blood cells (P = 0.031), lower PCV (P < 0.0001), lower total solids (P < 0.0001), higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.0001), lower calcium (P = 0.018), and lower phosphorus (P = 0.017). Three turtles tested positive for terrapene herpesvirus 1, but presence was not associated with myiasis. Heavy metal analysis revealed no significant differences between turtles with and without myiasis. This study examined the health of a population of eastern box turtles, and continued health assessments will be beneficial in determining the impact of myiasis on future conservation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Vincent
- Wildlife Epidemiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, IL 61802, USA,
| | - Matthew C Allender
- Wildlife Epidemiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, IL 61802, USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, IL 61802, USA
- Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA
| | - Annie E Curtis
- Natural Resources and Integrated Training Area Management Office, Massachusetts Army National Guard, MA 02542, USA
| | - Nicole E Madden
- Natural Resources and Integrated Training Area Management Office, Massachusetts Army National Guard, MA 02542, USA
| | - Carolyn Cray
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stacey Lance
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Adam McFall
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Laura Adamovicz
- Wildlife Epidemiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, IL 61802, USA
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, IL 61802, USA
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Martin JT, Boyle AT, Padilla CJ, Bridges BE, Britt CR, Armijo-Sonnenberg J, Gompper ME. SEASONAL AND HOST-ASSOCIATED VARIATION IN BOT FLY (OESTRIDAE: CUTEREBRINAE) PARASITISM OF LAGOMORPHS ACROSS AN ARID-LAND ECOSYSTEM IN SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO. J Parasitol 2023; 109:486-494. [PMID: 37722695 DOI: 10.1645/22-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bot flies (Oestridae: Cuterebrinae) are obligate mammalian parasites that complete the larval stage of their life cycle under the skin of their host. Most detailed studies of bot fly larval disease ecology have been conducted in temperate deciduous zone rodent systems. To understand the relative importance of seasonal and spatial factors, as well as factors intrinsic to the host, in underpinning the likelihood and extent of parasitism by bot flies in non-rodent hosts as well as in arid-land ecosystems, we examined the dynamic for black-tailed jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) and desert cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonii) parasitism by bot fly larvae (Cuterebra spp.) across 7 repeatedly sampled sites spread across approximately 500 km of the Chihuahuan Desert ecoregion of southern New Mexico. This environment is characterized by a climate that includes hot dry summers and cool to cold dry winters, as well as strongly seasonal summer monsoonal rains. Lagomorphs are a common mid-sized mammal in these landscapes. Bot fly parasitism was strongly seasonal, with peak prevalence and abundance in the spring, and there was spatial variation in the extent of parasitism between collection sites. Additionally, jackrabbits in better body condition were less likely to be parasitized (as indicated by kidney fat index). We did not find sex-based differences in bot fly parasitism between male and female jackrabbits. Thus, in arid-land ecoregions, abiotic factors are likely the primary driver of the bot fly-host interaction, whereas factors intrinsic to the host were of secondary importance for characterizing the interactions of bot flies and lagomorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T Martin
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, 2980 South Espina Street, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
| | - Anna T Boyle
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, 2980 South Espina Street, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
| | - Colton J Padilla
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, 2980 South Espina Street, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
| | - Bethany E Bridges
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, 2980 South Espina Street, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
| | - Charles R Britt
- Mesa Ecological Services, P.O. Box 2458, Mesilla Park, New Mexico 88047
| | - Jaidyn Armijo-Sonnenberg
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, 2980 South Espina Street, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
| | - Matthew E Gompper
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, 2980 South Espina Street, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003
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Guimarães Riva H, Montoya LMH, Gutiérrez MF, Flórez MD, Olaciregui C, Andrade E, Acevedo-Garcés YA, Soto-Calderón ID. Urban biodiversity: Cuterebriasis in free-ranging Robinson's mouse opossum ( Marmosa robinsoni) in the suburbs of Barranquilla, Colombia. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 21:83-88. [PMID: 37159725 PMCID: PMC10163466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The tropical dry forest is one of the world's most threatened ecosystems and is the habitat of the Robinson's Mouse Opossum (Marmosa robinsoni), a small marsupial within the Didelphidae family. This study aimed to describe cases of cuterebriases in free-ranging M. robinsoni by examining individuals caught in live animal traps. Sherman traps were deployed in four different sites over three different periods in five days. All animals passed through biometry, weighing, sampling parasites, and sampling feces. Only animals captured in the study site located close to the city were anesthetized and examined. The evaluation included blood samples and a clinical examination. Animals received anesthesia under physical restraint by intramuscular injections of ketamine and xylazine. For anesthetic reversion, the protocol was Yohimbine administered before release. In total, 8% (5/60) of all captured animals had fly larvae extracted from wounds. The molecular Barcode of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I gene showed no match with any recognized species of Cuterebra. The animals weighed from 35 to 80 g and had lesions in the scapular region with parasites under their skin in sizes ranging from 1.3 to 2.2 cm. The animals with parasites were in good physical condition without evidence of disturbances in health conditions. This is compatible with literature, reporting little effect on population dynamics of other host species infected with Cuterebra larvae. The study included 24 animals captured in three areas far from any city, which showed no evidence of cuterebrid infection, suggesting that proximity to the city could increase exposure to cuterebriasis. There are reports of cuterebrids in M. robinsoni in Brazil; however, this is the first report of cuterebriasis in M. robinsoni in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Guimarães Riva
- Coordenadoria de Fauna Silvestre, Governo do Estado de São Paulo (CFS-SEMIL- SP), Brazil
- Corresponding author.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuliet Andrea Acevedo-Garcés
- Agrociencias, Biodiversidad y Territorio (GAMMA), Laboratorio de Genética Animal, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53 - 108, Medellín, Antioquia, 50010, Colombia
| | - Iván Darío Soto-Calderón
- Agrociencias, Biodiversidad y Territorio (GAMMA), Laboratorio de Genética Animal, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53 - 108, Medellín, Antioquia, 50010, Colombia
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Botfly Parasitism on Two Primates of the Cebidae Family in Peru. J Wildl Dis 2022; 58:415-420. [PMID: 35255141 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-21-00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Botflies (Diptera:Oestridae) are a diverse group of insect parasites that affect various vertebrate species. There are previous reports of myiasis affecting wild primates in Central and South America; however, information about botfly parasitism in Peruvian primates is scarce. We present data from two Cebidae primate specimens: a rescued large-headed capuchin monkey (Sapajus macrocephalus) housed at Taricaya Rescue Center, in Tambopata, Peru, and a free-ranging white-fronted capuchin monkey (Cebus albifrons aequatorialis) inhabiting Cerros de Amotape National Park. The first specimen had a larva identified as Dermatobia hominis, whereas Cuterebra baeri larvae infested the second. In both cases we initially identified the parasite species through their morphologic features before confirming the identification with genetic analysis through the cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene sequencing of the larvae. Further field studies on the primate-parasite dynamics are needed to understand the impact of botfly myiasis on primate populations.
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Stafford KC, Ridge GE, Molaei G, Zarb C, Bevilacqua P. Rabbit Bot Fly Furuncular, Tracheopulmonary, and Human Bot Fly Infestations in Connecticut (Oestridae: Cuterebrinae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:114-120. [PMID: 32876324 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Endemic and tropical human bot infestations are relatively uncommon or unreported in the United States. We report two cases in Connecticut: an unusual furuncular and respiratory myiasis by the rabbit bot Cuterebra buccata (Fab.) (Diptera: Oestridae) in a 74-yr-old male and a case of human bot fly, Dermatobia hominis (L.) (Diptera: Oestridae), myiasis in a 4-yr-old female with a tropical travel history with her family. Identification of C. buccata was based morphologically, in part, on spinal armature and further corroborated by DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial COI gene and comparison to the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank DNA sequence database. The resulting annotated sequence data were deposited into the National Center for Biotechnology Information GenBank. The unique medical aspects, and limitations and specifics on bot fly larval habits and identification are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby C Stafford
- Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT
| | - Gale E Ridge
- Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT
| | - Goudarz Molaei
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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Romero-Castañón S, Robles González ME, Mandujano S, Ruíz CS, Espino Barros OV, Santiago-Alarcón D, Molina-Martínez A. First Report of Nasal Bot Fly (Cephenemyia jellisoni) in White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Inhabiting Tropical Dry Forests in Central Mexico. COMP PARASITOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-87.1.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Romero-Castañón
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Km. 7.5 Carretera Cañada Morelos-El Salado, C.P. 75470, Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico (e-mail: ; ; oscar.villar
| | - Mariana E. Robles González
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Km. 7.5 Carretera Cañada Morelos-El Salado, C.P. 75470, Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico (e-mail: ; ; oscar.villar
| | - Salvador Mandujano
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, C.P. 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico (e-mail: ; )
| | - César Sandoval Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Artropodología y Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Blvd. Valsequillo y Av. San Claudio, Edificio 112-A Ciudad Universitaria, Col. San Manuel, C.P. 72570, Puebla, Mexico (e-mail: cesarsan
| | - Oscar Villarreal Espino Barros
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Km. 7.5 Carretera Cañada Morelos-El Salado, C.P. 75470, Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico (e-mail: ; ; oscar.villar
| | - Diego Santiago-Alarcón
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, C.P. 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico (e-mail: ; )
| | - Arcángel Molina-Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Km. 7.5 Carretera Cañada Morelos-El Salado, C.P. 75470, Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico (e-mail: ; ; oscar.villar
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8
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Parasite species co-occurrence patterns on Peromyscus: Joint species distribution modelling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2020; 12:199-206. [PMID: 32637312 PMCID: PMC7327296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hosts are often infested by multiple parasite species, but it is often unclear whether patterns of parasite co-occurrence are driven by parasite habitat requirements or parasite species interactions. Using data on infestation patterns of ectoparasitic arthropods (fleas, trombiculid mites, cuterebrid botflies) from deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), we analyzed species associations using joint species distribution modelling. We also experimentally removed a flea (Orchopeas leucopus) from a subset of deer mice to examine the effect on other common ectoparasite species. We found that the mite (Neotrombicula microti) and botfly (Cuterebra sp.) had a negative relationship that is likely a true biotic species interaction. The flea had a negative association with the mite and a positive association with the botfly species, both of which appeared to be influenced by host traits or parasite life-history traits. Furthermore, experimental removal of the flea did not have a significant effect on ectoparasite prevalence of another species. Overall, these findings suggest that complex parasite species associations can be present among multiple parasite taxa, and that aggregation is not always the rule for ectoparasite communities of small mammals. A negative species interaction was identified between a mite and botfly species. Additional parasite associations appear to be influenced by host traits or parasite life-history traits. Removal of the flea species did not have an effect on prevalence of another species.
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van Leeuwen P, Mykytczuk N, Mastromonaco GF, Schulte‐Hostedde AI. Effects of captivity, diet, and relocation on the gut bacterial communities of white-footed mice. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4677-4690. [PMID: 32551052 PMCID: PMC7297780 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes can have important impacts on their host's survival. Captive breeding programs for endangered species include periods of captivity that can ultimately have an impact on reintroduction success. No study to date has investigated the impacts of captive diet on the gut microbiota during the relocation process of generalist species. This study simulated a captive breeding program with white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) to describe the variability in gut microbial community structure and composition during captivity and relocation in their natural habitat, and compared it to wild individuals. Mice born in captivity were fed two different diets, a control with dry standardized pellets and a treatment with nonprocessed components that reflect a version of their wild diet that could be provided in captivity. The mice from the two groups were then relocated to their natural habitat. Relocated mice that had the treatment diet had more phylotypes in common with the wild-host microbiota than mice under the control diet or mice kept in captivity. These results have broad implications for our understanding of microbial community dynamics and the effects of captivity on reintroduced animals, including the potential impact on the survival of endangered species. This study demonstrates that ex situ conservation actions should consider a more holistic perspective of an animal's biology including its microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline van Leeuwen
- Department of BiologyLaurentian UniversitySudburyONCanada
- Conservation Genetics LaboratoryUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Nadia Mykytczuk
- Vale Living with Lakes CentreLaurentian UniversitySudburyONCanada
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Pezzi M, Bonacci T, Leis M, Mamolini E, Marchetti MG, Krčmar S, Chicca M, Del Zingaro CNF, Faucheux MJ, Scapoli C. Myiasis in domestic cats: a global review. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:372. [PMID: 31358036 PMCID: PMC6664729 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Myiasis is an infestation caused by larvae of Diptera in humans and other vertebrates. In domestic cats, Felis silvestris catus L. (Carnivora: Felidae), four dipteran families have been reported as agents of obligatory and facultative myiasis: Oestridae, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae and Muscidae. Among agents of obligatory myiasis, the most frequent genus is Cuterebra Clark (Oestridae) and the most frequent species is Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) (Calliphoridae). Among the agents of facultative myiasis, the most frequent species is Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Calliphoridae). A survey of myiasis in cats reported in literature shows that the cases are distributed worldwide and linked to the geographical range of the dipteran species. Factors favouring the occurrence of myiasis in cats are prowling in infested areas, poor hygiene conditions due to diseases and/or neglect, and wounds inflicted during territorial or reproductive competition. The aim of the review is to provide an extended survey of literature on myiasis in cats, as general information and possible development of guidelines for veterinarians, entomologists and other researchers interested in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pezzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Teresa Bonacci
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marilena Leis
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mamolini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Marchetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stjepan Krčmar
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Milvia Chicca
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Michel J. Faucheux
- Laboratoire d’Endocrinologie des Insectes Sociaux, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, B. P. 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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11
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The impact of botfly parasitism on the health of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis). Parasitology 2019; 146:1013-1021. [PMID: 30915931 DOI: 10.1017/s003118201900026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fragmented habitats generally harbour small populations that are potentially more prone to local extinctions caused by biotic factors such as parasites. We evaluated the effects of botflies (Cuterebra apicalis) on naturally fragmented populations of the gracile mouse opossum (Gracilinanus agilis). We examined how sex, food supplementation experiment, season and daily climatic variables affected body condition and haemoglobin concentration in animals that were parasitized or not by botflies. Although parasitism did not affect body condition, haemoglobin concentrations were lower in parasitized animals. Among the non-parasitized individuals, haemoglobin concentration increased with the increase of maximum temperature and the decrease of relative humidity, a climatic pattern found at the peak of the dry season. However, among parasitized animals, the opposite relationship between haemoglobin concentration and relative humidity occurred, as a consequence of parasite-induced anaemia interacting with dehydration as an additional stressor. We conclude that it is critical to assess how climate affects animal health (through blood parameters) to understand the population consequences of parasitism on the survival of individuals and hence of small population viability.
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Wilde LR, Wolf CJ, Porter SM, Stager M, Cheviron ZA, Senner NR. Botfly infections impair the aerobic performance and survival of montane populations of deer mice,
Peromyscus maniculatus rufinus. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke R. Wilde
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana
| | - Cole J. Wolf
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana
| | - Stephanie M. Porter
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Maria Stager
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana
| | | | - Nathan R. Senner
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula Montana
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Johnson AB, Barzee TJ, Holbert KD, Poarch SL, Storm JJ. Effect ofCuterebra fontinella(Mouse Bot Fly) on the Movement ofPeromyscus leucopus(White-footed Mouse). SOUTHEAST NAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1656/058.017.0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison B. Johnson
- Division of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, 29303
| | - Tyler J. Barzee
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631
| | - Kasey D. Holbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631
| | - Samantha L. Poarch
- Division of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, 29303
| | - Jonathan J. Storm
- Division of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, 29303
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Rutland BE, Byl KM, Hydeskov HB, Miniter B, Johnson CA. Systemic manifestations of Cuterebra infection in dogs and cats: 42 cases (2000–2014). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 251:1432-1438. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.12.1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Sutherland M, Higbie CT, Crossland NA, Espinheira F, Evans D, Brines CM, Tully TN. Aberrant Migration of Cuterebra Larvae in 2 Domestic Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Zemp N, Tavares R, Widmer A. Fungal Infection Induces Sex-Specific Transcriptional Changes and Alters Sexual Dimorphism in the Dioecious Plant Silene latifolia. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005536. [PMID: 26448481 PMCID: PMC4598173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism, including differences in morphology, behavior and physiology between females and males, is widespread in animals and plants and is shaped by gene expression differences between the sexes. Such expression differences may also underlie sex-specific responses of hosts to pathogen infections, most notably when pathogens induce partial sex reversal in infected hosts. The genetic changes associated with sex-specific responses to pathogen infections on the one hand, and sexual dimorphism on the other hand, remain poorly understood. The dioecious White Campion (Silene latifolia) displays sexual dimorphism in floral traits and infection with the smut fungus Micobrotryum lychnidis-dioicae induces a partial sex reversal in females. We find strong sex-specific responses to pathogen infection and reduced sexual dimorphism in infected S. latifolia. This provides a direct link between pathogen-mediated changes in sex-biased gene expression and altered sexual dimorphism in the host. Expression changes following infection affected mainly genes with male-biased expression in healthy plants. In females, these genes were up-regulated, leading to a masculinization of the transcriptome. In contrast, infection in males was associated with down-regulation of these genes, leading to a demasculinization of the transcriptome. To a lesser extent, genes with female-biased expression in healthy plants were also affected in opposite directions in the two sexes. These genes were overall down-regulated in females and up-regulated in males, causing, respectively, a defeminization in infected females and a feminization of the transcriptome in infected males. Our results reveal strong sex-specific responses to pathogen infection in a dioecious plant and provide a link between pathogen-induced changes in sex-biased gene expression and sexual dimorphism. Females and males differ from each other in many traits, including morphology, behavior and physiology. Differences in gene expression between the sexes, known as sex-biased gene expression, contribute to such sexual dimorphism. Here we characterize the responses of females and males of the dioecious plant Silene latifolia to infection with the anther smut fungus Micobrotryum lychnidis-dioicae. This fungus sterilizes the plant and induces a partial sex reversal in female hosts that form rudimentary stamens, thus allowing the fungus to transmit its spores via pollinators. Our comparisons of gene expression in healthy and infected plants reveal strong sex-specific responses to anther smut infection. Expression changes in females and males are in opposite directions and are associated with reduced sexual dimorphism between infected females and males. Our study reveals that infection with the anther smut fungus alters the extent of sex-biased gene expression in S. latifolia in a sex-specific manner and highlights how transcriptomic changes in females and males shape sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklaus Zemp
- Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Tavares
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (UMR 5558), CNRS / Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alex Widmer
- Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Davis LL, Puozzo A, Vitalo DC, Ghazala Z, Zhuo SY, Robinson L, Jeong E, Mohammed HO, Liotta JL, Jacquiet P, Bowman DD. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a crude antigen extract to measure Cuterebra-specific immunoglobulin G in sera of cats with systemic infections. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:395-401. [PMID: 23628641 DOI: 10.1177/1040638713486644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In cats, larvae of the dipteran fly, Cuterebra, sometimes cause severe disease by their migration through the tissues of the larynx, pharynx, nasal sinuses, brain, and spinal cord; such infected cats may die without the maggots ever reaching the subcutaneous tissues where they would typically mature. The current study examines the ability of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using crude Cuterebra antigen from maggots to detect parasite-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G in cats with known (n = 42), suspected (n = 25), or no known exposure to the infection (n = 68). The probability of a given optical density (OD) predicting the infection status of a given animal was determined using logistic regression, and both 1:20 and 1:80 serum dilutions were highly predictive of the potential of a cat being infected with a larval Cuterebra. In 5 cases where 2 samples were collected 1-2 weeks apart, there was a mean OD increase in the second sample for both the 1:20 and 1:80 dilutions, but it was significant (P = 0.044) only at the 1:20 dilution. Sex of the sampled cat was not a significant contributor to the ability of the OD to predict the presence of a larva, but the age of the cat added significantly to the predictive value of the generated curves, with the only exception being with the 1:20 serum dilution with the curve being generated only using the cats known to be positive for larval presence. This ELISA should aid in ruling cuterebriasis in or out in suspect systemic and, specifically, neurologic cases and provide information on kinetics of antibody presence postexposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillie L Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 930 Tower Road, C4-119 VMC, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401, USA
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Thawley VJ, Suran JN, Boller EM. Presumptive central nervous system cuterebriasis and concurrent protein-losing nephropathy in a dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2013; 23:335-9. [PMID: 23362973 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical course and successful management of a dog suspected to have central nervous system (CNS) Cuterebra larval migration and concurrent protein-losing nephropathy (PLN). CASE SUMMARY A 1-year-old castrated male mixed breed dog was diagnosed with presumptive CNS cuterebriasis based on history, progressively deteriorating mentation, seizures, and magnetic resonance images showing a tubular lesion consistent with a migrating Cuterebra tract. Additionally, serum biochemistry and urine analyses revealed the development of a severe PLN. Surgical removal of the Cuterebra was attempted unsuccessfully, and subsequently, the dog was treated with ivermectin, antihistamines, anticonvulsants, and a tapering dose of glucocorticoids. Over several weeks the dog's neurologic status improved and the PLN resolved completely. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED This case describes successful management of presumptive CNS cuterebriasis in a dog. It is also, to our knowledge, the first report of PLN associated with cuterebriasis in the veterinary literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Thawley
- Section of Critical Care, Department of Clinical Studies – Philadelphia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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19
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Witter LA, Johnson CJ, Croft B, Gunn A, Poirier LM. Gauging climate change effects at local scales: weather-based indices to monitor insect harassment in caribou. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012; 22:1838-1851. [PMID: 23092020 DOI: 10.1890/11-0569.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is occurring at an accelerated rate in the Arctic. Insect harassment may be an important link between increased summer temperature and reduced body condition in caribou and reindeer (both Rangifer tarandus). To examine the effects of climate change at a scale relevant to Rangifer herds, we developed monitoring indices using weather to predict activity of parasitic insects across the central Arctic. During 2007-2009, we recorded weather conditions and used carbon dioxide baited traps to monitor activity of mosquitoes (Culicidae), black flies (Simuliidae), and oestrid flies (Oestridae) on the post-calving and summer range of the Bathurst barren-ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) herd in Northwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada. We developed statistical models representing hypotheses about effects of weather, habitat, location, and temporal variables on insect activity. We used multinomial logistic regression to model mosquito and black fly activity, and logistic regression to model oestrid fly presence. We used information theory to select models to predict activity levels of insects. Using historical weather data, we used hindcasting to develop a chronology of insect activity on the Bathurst range from 1957 to 2008. Oestrid presence and mosquito and black fly activity levels were explained by temperature. Wind speed, light intensity, barometric pressure, relative humidity, vegetation, topography, location, time of day, and growing degree-days also affected mosquito and black fly levels. High predictive ability of all models justified the use of weather to index insect activity. Retrospective analyses indicated conditions favoring mosquito activity declined since the late 1950s, while predicted black fly and oestrid activity increased. Our indices can be used as monitoring tools to gauge potential changes in insect harassment due to climate change at scales relevant to caribou herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Witter
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Graduate Program, University of Northern British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Prince George, British Columbia V2N 4Z9, Canada.
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Treves A, Carlson AE. Botfly parasitism and tourism on the endangered black howler monkey of Belize. J Med Primatol 2012; 41:284-7. [PMID: 22762861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2012.00549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tourism imposes costs and benefits on wild primates. Endangered black howler monkey (Alouatta pigra) troops with high exposure to tourism had higher levels of botfly (Alouattamyia baeri) parasitism. Edge habitat and juvenile numbers did not seem to confound the observed relationship. To improve the cost/benefit ratio of tourism, we recommend further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Treves
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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21
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Careau V, Garant D, Humphries M. Free-ranging eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) infected with bot fly (Cuterebra emasculator) larvae have higher resting but lower maximum metabolism. CAN J ZOOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/z2012-008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Given the ubiquity and evolutionary importance of parasites, their effect on the energy budget of mammals remains surprisingly unclear. The eastern chipmunk ( Tamias striatus (L., 1758)) is a burrowing rodent that is commonly infected by cuterebrid bot fly ( Cuterebra emasculator Fitch, 1856) larvae. We measured resting metabolic rate (RMR) and cold-induced Vo2-max (under heliox atmosphere) in 20 free-ranging individuals, of which 4 individuals were infected by one or two larva. We found that RMR was significantly higher in chipmunks infected by bot fly larvae (mean ± SE = 0.88 ± 0.05 W) than in uninfected individuals (0.74 ± 0.02 W). In contrast, Vo2-max was significantly lower in chipmunks infected by bot fly larvae (4.96 ± 0.70 W) than in uninfected individuals (6.37 ± 0.16 W). Consequently, the aerobic scope (ratio of Vo2-max to RMR) was negatively correlated with the number of bot fly larvae (infected individuals = 5.74 ± 1.03 W; noninfected individuals = 8.67 ± 0.26 W). Finally, after accounting for the effects of body mass and bot fly parasitism on RMR and Vo2-max, there was no correlation between the two variables among individuals within our population. In addition to providing the first estimate of Vo2-max in T. striatus, these results offer additional evidence that bot fly parasitism has significant impacts on the metabolic ecology of this host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Careau
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - D. Garant
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - M.M. Humphries
- Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
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22
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Crumley WR, Rankin AJ, Dryden MW. Ophthalmomyiasis externa in a puppy due to Cuterebra infestation. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2012; 47:e150-5. [PMID: 22058363 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An 8 wk old Scottish terrier was evaluated for a 2×2 cm mass located directly adjacent to the lateral canthus of the right eye. Examination revealed a well-developed Cuterebra larva at the lateral aspect of the orbital cavity, anchored at the lateral canthus. The larva was manually removed under general anesthesia, and the eyelid margin was repaired. Systemic and topical antibiotics along with systemic anti-inflammatory treatment were instituted. The lesion healed completely, revealing a normal functional right eye 10 days after removal of the Cuterebra larva. Careful manual removal of the larva is recommended along with correction of any resultant conformational defects. The remaining cavity can be left to heal; however, antibiotic therapy is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Crumley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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23
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Leite ACR, Nascimento MFA, Leite LHR, Leite VHR. Histopathology of experimental myiasis in mice as a result of infestation and experimental implantation of Dermatobia hominis larvae. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2011; 48:680-686. [PMID: 21661330 DOI: 10.1603/me10237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory model of myiasis as a result of Dermatobia hominis (L.) larvae was developed using mice as hosts. Mice in three groups were each infested with one newly hatched larva and skin biopsies processed for histopathology at 4, 12, and 20 d postinfestation (dpi). Mice in three other groups were each subjected to implantation of one larva collected from an infested (donor) mouse at 4, 12, and 20 dpi. Skin lesions of these receptor mice were then assessed at 10, 14, and 6 d postimplantation (dpimp), respectively. The inflammatory process in infested mice at 4 dpi was discrete, consisting of a thin necrotic layer around the larva, edema, many neutrophils, few eosinophils, mast cells, and proliferation of fibroblasts. At 12 dpi, there was a thicker necrotic layer, edema, many neutrophils and eosinophils, few mast cells, neoformation of capillaries, proliferation of the endothelium and fibroblasts, and early stages of fibrosis. These histopathological characteristics together with fibrosis were observed over a large area of the lesion at 20 dpi. Mice submitted to larval implantations demonstrated similar skin histopathology to that seen in the infested rodents, 10 dpimp corresponding to 12 dpi and 6 or 14 dpimp to 20 dpi. In all mice, the progressive acute inflammatory process followed a sequence linked to factors such as size of larvae and presence of secretory-excretory products. Both infested mice and those implanted experimentally with D. hominis larvae were shown to be suitable models for the study of the parasite-host relationship in this important zoonotic myiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C R Leite
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Klein GP, Christopher CC, Cameron GN, Barrett GW. Effect of Bot Fly Parasitism on Vertical Habitat use byPeromyscus leucopus. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2010. [DOI: 10.1656/045.017.0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Careau V, Thomas DW, Humphries MM. Energetic cost of bot fly parasitism in free-ranging eastern chipmunks. Oecologia 2009; 162:303-12. [PMID: 19771453 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The energy and nutrient demands of parasites on their hosts are frequently invoked as an explanation for negative impacts of parasitism on host survival and reproductive success. Although cuterebrid bot flies are among the physically largest and most-studied insect parasites of mammals, the only study conducted on metabolic consequences of bot fly parasitism revealed a surprisingly small effect of bot flies on host metabolism. Here we test the prediction that bot fly parasitism increases the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of free-ranging eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus), particularly in juveniles who have not previously encountered parasites and have to allocate energy to growth. We found no effect of bot fly parasitism on adults. In juveniles, however, we found that RMR strongly increased with the number of bot fly larvae hosted. For a subset of 12 juveniles during a year where parasite prevalence was particularly high, we also compared the RMR before versus during the peak of bot fly prevalence, allowing each individual to act as its own control. Each bot fly larva resulted in a approximately 7.6% increase in the RMR of its host while reducing juvenile growth rates. Finally, bot fly parasitism at the juvenile stage was positively correlated with adult stage RMR, suggesting persistent effects of bot flies on RMR. This study is the first to show an important effect of bot fly parasitism on the metabolism and growth of a wild mammal. Our work highlights the importance of studying cost of parasitism over multiple years in natural settings, as negative effects on hosts are more likely to emerge in periods of high energetic demand (e.g. growing juveniles) and/or in harsh environmental conditions (e.g. low food availability).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Careau
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K-2R1, Canada.
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Gonçalves JM, Nascimento MFAD, Breyner NM, Fernandes VC, Góes AMD, Leite ACR. Spleen cell proliferation during and after skin myiasis by human bot fly Dermatobia hominis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2009; 51:149-54. [PMID: 19551289 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652009000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spleen cells from mice were examined at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days post-infection (dpi) with Dermatobia hominis larva and at 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 days post-larval emergence (dple). Cell proliferation in vitro assays were carried out with RPMI-1640 medium and larval secretory product (LSP) of D. hominis at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days. When each group of mice was tested against each medium, significance was only seen for 25 dpi, with increasing order: LSP-10 d, -25 d, -5 d, -20 d, -15 d and RPMI. Significant results were also observed when each medium was tested against mice at each dpi or dple. Each dple group vs. each medium produced significant results only for 10 dple, with increasing order: LSP-5 d, -20 d, -25 d, -10 d, -15 d and RPMI. Comparative tests were also carried out between groups to refine certain observations. The LSPs were also analyzed using SDS-PAGE. The results prove that myiasis caused depletion of spleen cells, particularly under the effect of the LSP-10 and -15, but the cells tended to increase up to 60 dple. This in vitro assay may represent the real systemic immune response in the relationship LSP-D. hominis-host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomara Mendes Gonçalves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Bot fly parasitism of the red-backed vole: host survival, infection risk, and population growth. Oecologia 2008; 159:283-94. [PMID: 19011904 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Parasites can play an important role in the dynamics of host populations, but empirical evidence remains sparse. We investigated the role of bot fly (Cuterebra spp.) parasitism in red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi) by first assessing the impacts of the parasite on the probability of vole survival under stressful conditions as well as on the reproductive activity of females. We then identified the main factors driving both the individual risk of infection and the abundance of bot flies inside red-backed voles. Finally, we evaluated the impacts of bot fly prevalence on the growth rate of vole populations between mid-July and mid-August. Thirty-six populations of red-backed voles were sampled in the boreal forest of Québec, Canada. The presence and the abundance of parasites in voles, two host life history traits (sex and body condition), three indices of habitat complexity (tree basal area, sapling basal area, coarse woody debris volume), and vole abundance were considered in models evaluating the effects of bot flies on host populations. We found that the probability of survival of red-backed voles in live traps decreased with bot fly infection. Both the individual risk of infection and the abundance of bot flies in red-backed voles were driven mainly by vole abundance rather than by the two host life history traits or the three variables of habitat complexity. Parasitism had population consequences: bot fly prevalence was linked to a decrease in short-term growth rate of vole populations over the summer. We found that bot flies have the potential to reduce survival of red-backed voles, an effect that may apply to large portions of populations.
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McGraw TA, Turiansky GW. Cutaneous myiasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58:907-26; quiz 927-9. [PMID: 18485982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Revised: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Myiasis is the infestation of living tissue by the larvae of flies in the order Diptera. Cutaneous involvement is the most common type of myiasis. Cutaneous myiasis can be subdivided into furuncular, migratory, and wound myiasis. Each subtype is reviewed with discussion of the larvae involved, presenting signs and symptoms, clinical differential diagnoses, and treatment. Preventive measures are also described. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the conclusion of this learning activity, participants should be familiar with the causal agents, clinical manifestations, and treatment of human cutaneous myiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A McGraw
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Effects of bot fly, Cuterebra fontinella, parasitism on male aggression and female choice in Peromyscus leucopus. Anim Behav 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Slansky F. Feline Cuterebrosis Caused by a Lagomorph-Infesting Cuterebra spp. Larva. J Parasitol 2007; 93:959-61. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-1107r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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