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Shah I, Sarim KM, Sikka VK, Dudeja SS, Gahlot DK. Developed Rhizobium Strains Enhance Soil Fertility and Yield of Legume Crops in Haryana, India. J Basic Microbiol 2024:e2400327. [PMID: 39021277 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Three strains of Gram-negative bacterium, Rhizobium, were developed by gamma (γ)-irradiation random mutagenesis. The developed strains were evaluated for their augmented features for symbiotic association, nitrogen fixation, and crop yield of three leguminous plants-chickpea, field-pea, and lentil-in agricultural fields of the northern Indian state of Haryana. Crops treated with developed mutants exhibited significant improvement in plant features and the yield of crops when compared to the control-uninoculated crops and crops grown with indigenous or commercial crop-specific strains of Rhizobium. This improvement was attributed to generated mutants, MbPrRz1 (on chickpea), MbPrRz2 (on lentil), and MbPrRz3 (on field-pea). Additionally, the cocultured symbiotic response of MbPrRz1 and MbPrRz2 mutants was found to be more pronounced on all three crops. The statistical analysis using Pearson's correlation coefficients revealed that nodulation and plant biomass were the most related parameters of crop yield. Among the effectiveness of developed mutants, MbPrRz1 yielded the best results for all three tested crops. Moreover, the developed mutants enhanced macro- and micronutrients of the experimental fields when compared with fields harboring the indigenous rhizobial community. These developed mutants were further genetically characterized, predominantly expressing nitrogen fixation marker, nifH, and appeared to belong to Mesorhizobium ciceri (MbPrRz1) and Rhizobium leguminosarum (both MbPrRz2 and MbPrRz3). In summary, this study highlights the potential of developed Rhizobium mutants as effective biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture, showcasing their ability to enhance symbiotic relationships, crop yield, and soil fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikbal Shah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
- Department of Microbiology, OM Sterling Global University, Hisar, India
| | - Khan M Sarim
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Institute Ruđer Bošković, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Virendra K Sikka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Surjit S Dudeja
- Department of Microbiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Dharmender K Gahlot
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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2
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García-Ledesma JD, Cárdenas-Torres L, Martínez-Aguilar L, Chávez-Martínez AI, Lozano L, López-Lara IM, Geiger O. Phosphatidylcholine-deficient suppressor mutant of Sinorhizobium meliloti, altered in fatty acid synthesis, partially recovers nodulation ability in symbiosis with alfalfa (Medicago sativa). THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1136-1154. [PMID: 38341846 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Rhizobial phosphatidylcholine (PC) is thought to be a critical phospholipid for the symbiotic relationship between rhizobia and legume host plants. A PC-deficient mutant of Sinorhizobium meliloti overproduces succinoglycan, is unable to swim, and lacks the ability to form nodules on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) host roots. Suppressor mutants had been obtained which did not overproduce succinoglycan and regained the ability to swim. Previously, we showed that point mutations leading to altered ExoS proteins can reverse the succinoglycan and swimming phenotypes of a PC-deficient mutant. Here, we report that other point mutations leading to altered ExoS, ChvI, FabA, or RpoH1 proteins also revert the succinoglycan and swimming phenotypes of PC-deficient mutants. Notably, the suppressor mutants also restore the ability to form nodule organs on alfalfa roots. However, nodules generated by these suppressor mutants express only low levels of an early nodulin, do not induce leghemoglobin transcript accumulation, thus remain white, and are unable to fix nitrogen. Among these suppressor mutants, we detected a reduced function mutant of the 3-hydoxydecanoyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase FabA that produces reduced amounts of unsaturated and increased amounts of shorter chain fatty acids. This alteration of fatty acid composition probably affects lipid packing thereby partially compensating for the previous loss of PC and contributing to the restoration of membrane homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Daniel García-Ledesma
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, Mexico
| | - Luis Cárdenas-Torres
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Martínez-Aguilar
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, Mexico
| | - Ana I Chávez-Martínez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, Mexico
| | - Luis Lozano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, Mexico
| | - Isabel M López-Lara
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, Mexico
| | - Otto Geiger
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad s/n, Cuernavaca, Morelos, CP 62210, Mexico
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Qiu X, Wang W, Yang J, Li D, Jiao J, Wang E, Yuan H. Fulvic Acid Promotes Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis by Stimulating Endogenous Flavonoids Synthesis and Secretion. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6133-6142. [PMID: 38489511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Fulvic acid (FA) promotes symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia. To elucidate from the aspect of symbiosis, the effects of root irrigation of water-soluble humic materials (WSHM) or foliar spraying of its highly active component, FA, on soybean root exudates and on rhizosphere microorganisms were investigated. As a result, WSHM/FA treatments significantly altered root exudate metabolite composition, and isoflavonoids were identified as key contributors in both treatments compared to the control. Increased expression of genes related to the isoflavonoid biosynthesis were validated by RT-qPCR in both treatments, which notably elevated the synthesis of symbiotic signals genistein, daidzin, coumestrol, and biochanin A. Moreover, the WSHM/FA treatments induced a change in rhizosphere microbial community, coupled with an increase in the relative abundance of rhizobia. Our findings showed that WSHM/FA promotes symbiosis by stimulating the endogenous flavonoid synthesis and leads to rhizobia accumulation in the rhizosphere. This study provides new insights into mechanisms underlying the FA-mediated promotion of symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Entao Wang
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Hongli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding and Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Nielander M, Maybank M, Massimino C, Fitzgerald J, Blossum H, Douthitt C, Holland C, Hunter WB, Carrol M, D'Elia T. Complete genome sequences of StopSmel and Aussie, two Mu-like bacteriophages of Sinorhizobium meliloti. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0123023. [PMID: 38385668 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01230-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the complete genome sequences of two bacteriophages, Aussie and StopSmel, isolated from soil using the host Sinorhizobium meliloti NRRL L-50. The genomes are similar in length and gene content and share 76% nucleotide identity. Comparative analysis of Aussie and StopSmel identified core functional modules associated with Mu-like bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macy Nielander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Science, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
| | - Mya Maybank
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Crissy Massimino
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John Fitzgerald
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Hannah Blossum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Cayce Douthitt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Chris Holland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Wayne B Hunter
- USDA-ARS, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Megan Carrol
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Tom D'Elia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian River State College, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
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5
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Park S, Shin Y, Jung S. Structural, rheological properties and antioxidant activities analysis of the exopolysaccharide produced by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae VF39. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128811. [PMID: 38101683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharide is an eco-friendly and non-toxic biopolymeric materials widely used in various industrial fields such as pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics based on its structural, rheological and physiochemical properties. A microbial exopolysaccharide (VF39-EPS) was directly isolated from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae VF39. Structural analysis using FTIR and 2D NMR spectroscopy confirmed the complete chemical structures of VF39-EPS as 3-hydroxybutanoylglycan with octasaccharide repeating units containing two pyruvyl, two acetyl, and one 3-hydroxybutanoyl group. VF39-EPS exhibited thermal stability up to 275 °C and showed characteristic rheological behaviors of structural fluid with weak gel-like properties above 4 % the aqueous solution, suggesting VF39-EPS as a potential effective thickener or hydrogel scaffolder. Flow behavior tests validated broad stability at a wide range of both pHs from 2 to 12 and temperatures from 25 to 75 °C, and even in the presence of various salts. Furthermore, VF39-EPS showed excellent antioxidant effects of 78.5 and 62.4 % (n = 3, p < 0.001) in DPPH scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, respectively. Therefore, those structural, rheological and antioxidant properties suggest that VF39-EPS could be one of the excellent biomaterial candidates for cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries based on its characteristic rheological behaviors in various condition and excellent antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Younghyun Shin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Seunho Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea; Department of System Biotechnology, Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea.
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6
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Bustamante JA, Ceron JS, Gao IT, Ramirez HA, Aviles MV, Bet Adam D, Brice JR, Cuellar RA, Dockery E, Jabagat MK, Karp DG, Lau JKO, Li S, Lopez-Magaña R, Moore RR, Morin BKR, Nzongo J, Rezaeihaghighi Y, Sapienza-Martinez J, Tran TTK, Huang Z, Duthoy AJ, Barnett MJ, Long SR, Chen JC. A protease and a lipoprotein jointly modulate the conserved ExoR-ExoS-ChvI signaling pathway critical in Sinorhizobium meliloti for symbiosis with legume hosts. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010776. [PMID: 37871041 PMCID: PMC10659215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinorhizobium meliloti is a model alpha-proteobacterium for investigating microbe-host interactions, in particular nitrogen-fixing rhizobium-legume symbioses. Successful infection requires complex coordination between compatible host and endosymbiont, including bacterial production of succinoglycan, also known as exopolysaccharide-I (EPS-I). In S. meliloti EPS-I production is controlled by the conserved ExoS-ChvI two-component system. Periplasmic ExoR associates with the ExoS histidine kinase and negatively regulates ChvI-dependent expression of exo genes, necessary for EPS-I synthesis. We show that two extracytoplasmic proteins, LppA (a lipoprotein) and JspA (a lipoprotein and a metalloprotease), jointly influence EPS-I synthesis by modulating the ExoR-ExoS-ChvI pathway and expression of genes in the ChvI regulon. Deletions of jspA and lppA led to lower EPS-I production and competitive disadvantage during host colonization, for both S. meliloti with Medicago sativa and S. medicae with M. truncatula. Overexpression of jspA reduced steady-state levels of ExoR, suggesting that the JspA protease participates in ExoR degradation. This reduction in ExoR levels is dependent on LppA and can be replicated with ExoR, JspA, and LppA expressed exogenously in Caulobacter crescentus and Escherichia coli. Akin to signaling pathways that sense extracytoplasmic stress in other bacteria, JspA and LppA may monitor periplasmic conditions during interaction with the plant host to adjust accordingly expression of genes that contribute to efficient symbiosis. The molecular mechanisms underlying host colonization in our model system may have parallels in related alpha-proteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A. Bustamante
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Josue S. Ceron
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ivan Thomas Gao
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hector A. Ramirez
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Milo V. Aviles
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Demsin Bet Adam
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jason R. Brice
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo A. Cuellar
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eva Dockery
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Miguel Karlo Jabagat
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Donna Grace Karp
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Kin-On Lau
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Suling Li
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Raymondo Lopez-Magaña
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca R. Moore
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bethany Kristi R. Morin
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Juliana Nzongo
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yasha Rezaeihaghighi
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph Sapienza-Martinez
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Tuyet Thi Kim Tran
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zhenzhong Huang
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. Duthoy
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Melanie J. Barnett
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sharon R. Long
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph C. Chen
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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7
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Camuel A, Teulet A, Carcagno M, Haq F, Pacquit V, Gully D, Pervent M, Chaintreuil C, Fardoux J, Horta-Araujo N, Okazaki S, Ratu STN, Gueye F, Zilli J, Nouwen N, Arrighi JF, Luo H, Mergaert P, Deslandes L, Giraud E. Widespread Bradyrhizobium distribution of diverse Type III effectors that trigger legume nodulation in the absence of Nod factor. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:1416-1429. [PMID: 37355742 PMCID: PMC10432411 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of the rhizobium-legume symbiosis is generally based on plant perception of Nod factors (NFs) synthesized by the bacteria. However, some Bradyrhizobium strains can nodulate certain legume species, such as Aeschynomene spp. or Glycine max, independently of NFs, and via two different processes that are distinguished by the necessity or not of a type III secretion system (T3SS). ErnA is the first known type III effector (T3E) triggering nodulation in Aeschynomene indica. In this study, a collection of 196 sequenced Bradyrhizobium strains was tested on A. indica. Only strains belonging to the photosynthetic supergroup can develop a NF-T3SS-independent symbiosis, while the ability to use a T3SS-dependent process is found in multiple supergroups. Of these, 14 strains lacking ernA were tested by mutagenesis to identify new T3Es triggering nodulation. We discovered a novel T3E, Sup3, a putative SUMO-protease without similarity to ErnA. Its mutation in Bradyrhizobium strains NAS96.2 and WSM1744 abolishes nodulation and its introduction in an ernA mutant of strain ORS3257 restores nodulation. Moreover, ectopic expression of sup3 in A. indica roots led to the formation of spontaneous nodules. We also report three other new T3Es, Ubi1, Ubi2 and Ubi3, which each contribute to the nodulation capacity of strain LMTR13. These T3Es have no homology to known proteins but share with ErnA three motifs necessary for ErnA activity. Together, our results highlight an unsuspected distribution and diversity of T3Es within the Bradyrhizobium genus that may contribute to their symbiotic efficiency by participating in triggering legume nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Camuel
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/Institut Agro/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/CIRAD, TA-A82/J- Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Albin Teulet
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/Institut Agro/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/CIRAD, TA-A82/J- Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- University of Cambridge, Sainsbury Laboratory (SLCU), Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Mélanie Carcagno
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Fazal Haq
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Valérie Pacquit
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Djamel Gully
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/Institut Agro/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/CIRAD, TA-A82/J- Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Marjorie Pervent
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/Institut Agro/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/CIRAD, TA-A82/J- Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Clémence Chaintreuil
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/Institut Agro/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/CIRAD, TA-A82/J- Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Fardoux
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/Institut Agro/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/CIRAD, TA-A82/J- Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Natasha Horta-Araujo
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/Institut Agro/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/CIRAD, TA-A82/J- Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Shin Okazaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Safirah Tasa Nerves Ratu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Fatou Gueye
- Carrefour International, Bureau Régional Afrique de l'Ouest, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Jerri Zilli
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Bairro Ecologia, Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nico Nouwen
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/Institut Agro/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/CIRAD, TA-A82/J- Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Arrighi
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/Institut Agro/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/CIRAD, TA-A82/J- Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier cedex 5, France
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Haiwei Luo
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Peter Mergaert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laurent Deslandes
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Eric Giraud
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/Institut Agro/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/CIRAD, TA-A82/J- Campus de Baillarguet 34398, Montpellier cedex 5, France.
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France.
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8
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Zakharova A, Tashyreva D, Butenko A, Morales J, Saura A, Svobodová M, Poschmann G, Nandipati S, Zakharova A, Noyvert D, Gahura O, Týč J, Stühler K, Kostygov AY, Nowack ECM, Lukeš J, Yurchenko V. A neo-functionalized homolog of host transmembrane protein controls localization of bacterial endosymbionts in the trypanosomatid Novymonas esmeraldas. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00542-0. [PMID: 37201521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The stability of endosymbiotic associations between eukaryotes and bacteria depends on a reliable mechanism ensuring vertical inheritance of the latter. Here, we demonstrate that a host-encoded protein, located at the interface between the endoplasmic reticulum of the trypanosomatid Novymonas esmeraldas and its endosymbiotic bacterium Ca. Pandoraea novymonadis, regulates such a process. This protein, named TMP18e, is a product of duplication and neo-functionalization of the ubiquitous transmembrane protein 18 (TMEM18). Its expression level is increased at the proliferative stage of the host life cycle correlating with the confinement of bacteria to the nuclear vicinity. This is important for the proper segregation of bacteria into the daughter host cells as evidenced from the TMP18e ablation, which disrupts the nucleus-endosymbiont association and leads to greater variability of bacterial cell numbers, including an elevated proportion of aposymbiotic cells. Thus, we conclude that TMP18e is necessary for the reliable vertical inheritance of endosymbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zakharova
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Daria Tashyreva
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Anzhelika Butenko
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Jorge Morales
- Institute of Microbial Cell Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreu Saura
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Svobodová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Satish Nandipati
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zakharova
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Noyvert
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Gahura
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Týč
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute of Microbial Cell Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexei Y Kostygov
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva C M Nowack
- Institute of Microbial Cell Biology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julius Lukeš
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
| | - Vyacheslav Yurchenko
- Life Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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9
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Exopolysaccharide Biosynthesis in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii Requires a Complementary Function of Two Homologous Glycosyltransferases PssG and PssI. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044248. [PMID: 36835659 PMCID: PMC9961541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pss-I region of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii TA1 comprises more than 20 genes coding for glycosyltransferases, modifying enzymes, and polymerization/export proteins, altogether determining the biosynthesis of symbiotically relevant exopolysaccharides. In this study, the role of homologous PssG and PssI glycosyltransferases in exopolysaccharide subunit synthesis were analyzed. It was shown that the glycosyltransferase-encoding genes of the Pss-I region were part of a single large transcriptional unit with potential downstream promoters activated in specific conditions. The ΔpssG and ΔpssI mutants produced significantly lower amounts of the exopolysaccharide, while the double deletion mutant ΔpssIΔpssG produced no exopolysaccharide. Complementation of double mutation with individual genes restored exopolysaccharide synthesis, but only to the level similar to that observed for the single ΔpssI or ΔpssG mutants, indicating that PssG and PssI serve complementary functions in the process. PssG and PssI interacted with each other in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, PssI displayed an expanded in vivo interaction network comprising other GTs involved in subunit assembly and polymerization/export proteins. PssG and PssI proteins were shown to interact with the inner membrane through amphipathic helices at their C-termini, and PssG also required other proteins involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis to localize in the membrane protein fraction.
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10
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A Germin-Like Protein GLP1 of Legumes Mediates Symbiotic Nodulation by Interacting with an Outer Membrane Protein of Rhizobia. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0335022. [PMID: 36633436 PMCID: PMC9927233 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03350-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia can infect legumes and induce the coordinated expression of symbiosis and defense genes for the establishment of mutualistic symbiosis. Numerous studies have elucidated the molecular interactions between rhizobia and host plants, which are associated with Nod factor, exopolysaccharide, and T3SS effector proteins. However, there have been relatively few reports about how the host plant recognizes the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of rhizobia to mediate symbiotic nodulation. In our previous work, a gene (Mhopa22) encoding an OMP was identified in Mesorhizobium huakuii 7653R, whose homologous genes are widely distributed in Rhizobiales. In this study, a germin-like protein GLP1 interacting with Mhopa22 was identified in Astragalus sinicus. RNA interference of AsGLP1 resulted in a decrease in nodule number, whereas overexpression of AsGLP1 increased the number of nodules in the hairy roots of A. sinicus. Consistent symbiotic phenotypes were identified in Medicago truncatula with MtGLPx (refer to medtr7g111240.1, the isogeny of AsGLP1) overexpression or Tnt1 mutant (glpx-1) in symbiosis with Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021. The glpx-1 mutant displayed hyperinfection and the formation of more infection threads but a decrease in root nodules. RNA sequencing analysis showed that many differentially expressed genes were involved in hormone signaling and symbiosis. Taken together, AsGLP1 and its homology play an essential role in mediating the early symbiotic process through interacting with the OMPs of rhizobia. IMPORTANCE This study is the first report to characterize a legume host plant protein to sense and interact with an outer membrane protein (OMP) of rhizobia. It can be speculated that GLP1 plays an essential role to mediate early symbiotic process through interacting with OMPs of rhizobia. The results provide deeper understanding and novel insights into the molecular interactive mechanism of a legume symbiosis signaling pathway in recognition with rhizobial OMPs. Our findings may also provide a new perspective to improve the symbiotic compatibility and nodulation of legume.
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11
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Meena M, Nagda A, Mehta T, Yadav G, Sonigra P. Mechanistic basis of the symbiotic signaling pathway between the host and the pathogen. PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTION - RECENT ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL APPROACHES 2023:375-387. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91875-6.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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12
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Sankari S, Babu VM, Bian K, Alhhazmi A, Andorfer MC, Avalos DM, Smith TA, Yoon K, Drennan CL, Yaffe MB, Lourido S, Walker GC. A haem-sequestering plant peptide promotes iron uptake in symbiotic bacteria. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:1453-1465. [PMID: 35953657 PMCID: PMC9420810 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Symbiotic partnerships with rhizobial bacteria enable legumes to grow without nitrogen fertilizer because rhizobia convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia via nitrogenase. After Sinorhizobium meliloti penetrate the root nodules that they have elicited in Medicago truncatula, the plant produces a family of about 700 nodule cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides that guide the differentiation of endocytosed bacteria into nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. The sequences of the NCR peptides are related to the defensin class of antimicrobial peptides, but have been adapted to play symbiotic roles. Using a variety of spectroscopic, biophysical and biochemical techniques, we show here that the most extensively characterized NCR peptide, 24 amino acid NCR247, binds haem with nanomolar affinity. Bound haem molecules and their iron are initially made biologically inaccessible through the formation of hexamers (6 haem/6 NCR247) and then higher-order complexes. We present evidence that NCR247 is crucial for effective nitrogen-fixing symbiosis. We propose that by sequestering haem and its bound iron, NCR247 creates a physiological state of haem deprivation. This in turn induces an iron-starvation response in rhizobia that results in iron import, which itself is required for nitrogenase activity. Using the same methods as for L-NCR247, we show that the D-enantiomer of NCR247 can bind and sequester haem in an equivalent manner. The special abilities of NCR247 and its D-enantiomer to sequester haem suggest a broad range of potential applications related to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Sankari
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vignesh M.P. Babu
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ke Bian
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Areej Alhhazmi
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mary C. Andorfer
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Dante M. Avalos
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tyler A. Smith
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kwan Yoon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Catherine L. Drennan
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- Departments of Biology and Biological Engineering, and Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute for Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Divisions of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Care, and Surgical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Sebastian Lourido
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Graham C. Walker
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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13
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Hopanoids Confer Robustness to Physicochemical Variability in the Niche of the Plant Symbiont Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0044221. [PMID: 35657706 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00442-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are a group of bacteria that increase soil nitrogen content through symbiosis with legume plants. The soil and symbiotic host are potentially stressful environments, and the soil will likely become even more stressful as the climate changes. Many rhizobia within the Bradyrhizobium clade, like Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, possess the genetic capacity to synthesize hopanoids, steroid-like lipids similar in structure and function to cholesterol. Hopanoids are known to protect against stresses relevant to the niche of B. diazoefficiens. Paradoxically, mutants unable to synthesize the extended class of hopanoids participate in symbioses with success similar to that of the wild type, despite being delayed in root nodule initiation. Here, we show that in B. diazoefficiens, the growth defects of extended-hopanoid-deficient mutants can be at least partially compensated for by the physicochemical environment, specifically, by optimal osmotic and divalent cation concentrations. Through biophysical measurements of lipid packing and membrane permeability, we show that extended hopanoids confer robustness to environmental variability. These results help explain the discrepancy between previous in-culture and in planta results and indicate that hopanoids may provide a greater fitness advantage to rhizobia in the variable soil environment than the more controlled environments within root nodules. To improve the legume-rhizobium symbiosis through either bioengineering or strain selection, it will be important to consider the full life cycle of rhizobia, from soil to symbiosis. IMPORTANCE Rhizobia, such as B. diazoefficiens, play an important role in the nitrogen cycle by making nitrogen gas bioavailable through symbiosis with legume plants. As climate change threatens soil health, this symbiosis has received increased attention as a more sustainable source of soil nitrogen than the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. Efforts to use rhizobia as biofertilizers have been effective; however, long-term integration of rhizobia into the soil community has been less successful. This work represents a small step toward improving the legume-rhizobium symbiosis by identifying a cellular component-hopanoid lipids-that confers robustness to environmental stresses rhizobia are likely to encounter in soil microenvironments as sporadic desiccation and flooding events become more common.
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14
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Kovács S, Kiss E, Jenei S, Fehér-Juhász E, Kereszt A, Endre G. The Medicago truncatula IEF Gene Is Crucial for the Progression of Bacterial Infection During Symbiosis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:401-415. [PMID: 35171648 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-21-0279-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Legumes are able to meet their nitrogen need by establishing nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with rhizobia. Nitrogen fixation is performed by rhizobia, which has been converted to bacteroids, in newly formed organs, the root nodules. In the model legume Medicago truncatula, nodule cells are invaded by rhizobia through transcellular tubular structures called infection threads (ITs) that are initiated at the root hairs. Here, we describe a novel M. truncatula early symbiotic mutant identified as infection-related epidermal factor (ief), in which the formation of ITs is blocked in the root hair cells and only nodule primordia are formed. We show that the function of MtIEF is crucial for the bacterial infection in the root epidermis but not required for the nodule organogenesis. The IEF gene that appears to have been recruited for a symbiotic function after the duplication of a flower-specific gene is activated by the ERN1-branch of the Nod factor signal transduction pathway and independent of the NIN activity. The expression of MtIEF is induced transiently in the root epidermal cells by the rhizobium partner or Nod factors. Although its expression was not detectable at later stages of symbiosis, complementation experiments indicate that MtIEF is also required for the proper invasion of the nodule cells by rhizobia. The gene encodes an intracellular protein of unknown function possessing a coiled-coil motif and a plant-specific DUF761 domain. The IEF protein interacts with RPG, another symbiotic protein essential for normal IT development, suggesting that combined action of these proteins plays a role in nodule infection.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilárd Kovács
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ernő Kiss
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Jenei
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erzsébet Fehér-Juhász
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Kereszt
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Endre
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
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15
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Tang Y, Gao X, Cui Y, Xu H, Yu J. 植物TCP转录因子研究进展. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Wang T, Balla B, Kovács S, Kereszt A. Varietas Delectat: Exploring Natural Variations in Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis Research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:856187. [PMID: 35481136 PMCID: PMC9037385 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.856187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between leguminous plants and soil bacteria collectively called rhizobia plays an important role in the global nitrogen cycle and is an essential component of sustainable agriculture. Genetic determinants directing the development and functioning of the interaction have been identified with the help of a very limited number of model plants and bacterial strains. Most of the information obtained from the study of model systems could be validated on crop plants and their partners. The investigation of soybean cultivars and different rhizobia, however, has revealed the existence of ineffective interactions between otherwise effective partners that resemble gene-for-gene interactions described for pathogenic systems. Since then, incompatible interactions between natural isolates of model plants, called ecotypes, and different bacterial partner strains have been reported. Moreover, diverse phenotypes of both bacterial mutants on different host plants and plant mutants with different bacterial strains have been described. Identification of the genetic factors behind the phenotypic differences did already and will reveal novel functions of known genes/proteins, the role of certain proteins in some interactions, and the fine regulation of the steps during nodule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Benedikta Balla
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Kovács
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Kereszt
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
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17
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Teulet A, Camuel A, Perret X, Giraud E. The Versatile Roles of Type III Secretion Systems in Rhizobia-Legume Symbioses. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:45-65. [PMID: 35395168 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041020-032624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To suppress plant immunity and promote the intracellular infection required for fixing nitrogen for the benefit of their legume hosts, many rhizobia use type III secretion systems (T3SSs) that deliver effector proteins (T3Es) inside host cells. As reported for interactions between pathogens and host plants, the immune system of legume hosts and the cocktail of T3Es secreted by rhizobia determine the symbiotic outcome. If they remain undetected, T3Es may reduce plant immunity and thus promote infection of legumes by rhizobia. If one or more of the secreted T3Es are recognized by the cognate plant receptors, defense responses are triggered and rhizobial infection may abort. However, some rhizobial T3Es can also circumvent the need for nodulation (Nod) factors to trigger nodule formation. Here we review the multifaceted roles played by rhizobial T3Es during symbiotic interactions with legumes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Teulet
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), IRD, Institut Agro, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, and CIRAD, Montpellier, France;
| | - Alicia Camuel
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), IRD, Institut Agro, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, and CIRAD, Montpellier, France; .,PHIM Plant Health Institute, IRD, Institut Agro, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, and CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Perret
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Giraud
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), IRD, Institut Agro, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, and CIRAD, Montpellier, France; .,PHIM Plant Health Institute, IRD, Institut Agro, INRAE, Université de Montpellier, and CIRAD, Montpellier, France
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18
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Kovacs S, Fodor L, Domonkos A, Ayaydin F, Laczi K, Rákhely G, Kalo P. Amino Acid Polymorphisms in the VHIID Conserved Motif of Nodulation Signaling Pathways 2 Distinctly Modulate Symbiotic Signaling and Nodule Morphogenesis in Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:709857. [PMID: 34966395 PMCID: PMC8711286 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.709857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Legumes establish an endosymbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria. Following the mutual recognition of the symbiotic partner, the infection process is controlled by the induction of the signaling pathway and subsequent activation of symbiosis-related host genes. One of the protein complexes regulating nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiosis is formed by GRAS domain regulatory proteins Nodulation Signaling Pathways 1 and 2 (NSP1 and NSP2) that control the expression of several early nodulation genes. Here, we report on a novel point mutant allele (nsp2-6) affecting the function of the NSP2 gene and compared the mutant with the formerly identified nsp2-3 mutant. Both mutants carry a single amino acid substitution in the VHIID motif of the NSP2 protein. We found that the two mutant alleles show dissimilar root hair response to bacterial infection. Although the nsp2-3 mutant developed aberrant infection threads, rhizobia were able to colonize nodule cells in this mutant. The encoded NSP2 proteins of the nsp2-3 and the novel nsp2 mutants interact with NSP1 diversely and, as a consequence, the activation of early nodulin genes and nodule organogenesis are arrested in the new nsp2 allele. The novel mutant with amino acid substitution D244H in NSP2 shows similar defects in symbiotic responses as a formerly identified nsp2-2 mutant carrying a deletion in the NSP2 gene. Additionally, we found that rhizobial strains induce delayed nodule formation on the roots of the ns2-3 weak allele. Our study highlights the importance of a conserved Asp residue in the VHIID motif of NSP2 that is required for the formation of a functional NSP1-NSP2 signaling module. Furthermore, our results imply the involvement of NSP2 during differentiation of symbiotic nodule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilárd Kovacs
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lili Fodor
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllö, Hungary
| | - Agota Domonkos
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllö, Hungary
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM) Nonprofit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
- Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Laczi
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rákhely
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Kalo
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllö, Hungary
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19
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Pirhanov GG. Sinorhizobium meliloti AS A PERSPECTIVE OBJECT FOR MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech14.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinorhizobium meliloti is a Gram-negative soil nitrogen-fixing bacterium that increases the yield of legumes. There is information in the literature about the complete genome sequence of this bacterium, in addition, the polysaccharide composition of the biofilm, which is actively involved in nitrogen fixation, has been studied. The well-known nucleotide sequence, as well as the genetic and biochemical features of S. meliloti make this organism an ideal model for biotechnological research. The purpose of this work was to analyze the current data provided in the literature on the symbiotic interaction of Sinorhizobium meliloti with the host plant, and to characterize the main directions of the use of this bacterium in agriculture, bioremediation and medicine.
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20
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Identification of a Novel Pyruvyltransferase Using 13C Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance To Analyze Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0040321. [PMID: 34606371 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00403-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The alphaproteobacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti secretes two acidic exopolysaccharides (EPSs), succinoglycan (EPSI) and galactoglucan (EPSII), which differentially enable it to adapt to a changing environment. Succinoglycan is essential for invasion of plant hosts and, thus, for the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Galactoglucan is critical for population-based behaviors such as swarming and biofilm formation and can facilitate invasion in the absence of succinoglycan on some host plants. The biosynthesis of galactoglucan is not as completely understood as that of succinoglycan. We devised a pipeline to identify putative pyruvyltransferase and acetyltransferase genes, construct genomic deletions in strains engineered to produce either succinoglycan or galactoglucan, and analyze EPS from mutant bacterial strains. EPS samples were examined by 13C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). CPMAS NMR is uniquely suited to defining chemical composition in complex samples and enables the detection and quantification of distinct EPS functional groups. Galactoglucan was isolated from mutant strains with deletions in five candidate acyl/acetyltransferase genes (exoZ, exoH, SMb20810, SMb21188, and SMa1016) and a putative pyruvyltransferase (wgaE or SMb21322). Most samples were similar in composition to wild-type EPSII by CPMAS NMR analysis. However, galactoglucan produced from a strain lacking wgaE exhibited a significant reduction in pyruvylation. Pyruvylation was restored through the ectopic expression of plasmid-borne wgaE. Our work has thus identified WgaE as a galactoglucan pyruvyltransferase. This exemplifies how the systematic combination of genetic analyses and solid-state NMR detection is a rapid means to identify genes responsible for modification of rhizobial exopolysaccharides. IMPORTANCE Nitrogen-fixing bacteria are crucial for geochemical cycles and global nitrogen nutrition. Symbioses between legumes and rhizobial bacteria establish root nodules, where bacteria convert dinitrogen to ammonia for plant utilization. Secreted exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti (succinoglycan and galactoglucan) play important roles in soil and plant environments. The biosynthesis of galactoglucan is not as well characterized as that of succinoglycan. We employed solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to examine intact EPS from wild-type and mutant S. meliloti strains. NMR analysis of EPS isolated from a wgaE gene mutant revealed a novel pyruvyltransferase that modifies galactoglucan. Few EPS pyruvyltransferases have been characterized. Our work provides insight into the biosynthesis of an important S. meliloti EPS and expands the knowledge of enzymes that modify polysaccharides.
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Geiger O, Sohlenkamp C, Vera-Cruz D, Medeot DB, Martínez-Aguilar L, Sahonero-Canavesi DX, Weidner S, Pühler A, López-Lara IM. ExoS/ChvI Two-Component Signal-Transduction System Activated in the Absence of Bacterial Phosphatidylcholine. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:678976. [PMID: 34367203 PMCID: PMC8343143 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.678976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sinorhizobium meliloti contains the negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin as well as the zwitterionic phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) as major membrane phospholipids. In previous studies we had isolated S. meliloti mutants that lack PE or PC. Although mutants deficient in PE are able to form nitrogen-fixing nodules on alfalfa host plants, mutants lacking PC cannot sustain development of any nodules on host roots. Transcript profiles of mutants unable to form PE or PC are distinct; they differ from each other and they are different from the wild type profile. For example, a PC-deficient mutant of S. meliloti shows an increase of transcripts that encode enzymes required for succinoglycan biosynthesis and a decrease of transcripts required for flagellum formation. Indeed, a PC-deficient mutant is unable to swim and overproduces succinoglycan. Some suppressor mutants, that regain swimming and form normal levels of succinoglycan, are altered in the ExoS sensor. Our findings suggest that the lack of PC in the sinorhizobial membrane activates the ExoS/ChvI two-component regulatory system. ExoS/ChvI constitute a molecular switch in S. meliloti for changing from a free-living to a symbiotic life style. The periplasmic repressor protein ExoR controls ExoS/ChvI function and it is thought that proteolytic ExoR degradation would relieve repression of ExoS/ChvI thereby switching on this system. However, as ExoR levels are similar in wild type, PC-deficient mutant and suppressor mutants, we propose that lack of PC in the bacterial membrane provokes directly a conformational change of the ExoS sensor and thereby activation of the ExoS/ChvI two-component system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Geiger
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Christian Sohlenkamp
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Diana Vera-Cruz
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Daniela B. Medeot
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - Stefan Weidner
- Institut für Genomforschung und Systembiologie, Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Institut für Genomforschung und Systembiologie, Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Isabel M. López-Lara
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Jiang YT, Yang LH, Ferjani A, Lin WH. Multiple functions of the vacuole in plant growth and fruit quality. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2021; 1:4. [PMID: 37789408 PMCID: PMC10509827 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-021-00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Vacuoles are organelles in plant cells that play pivotal roles in growth and developmental regulation. The main functions of vacuoles include maintaining cell acidity and turgor pressure, regulating the storage and transport of substances, controlling the transport and localization of key proteins through the endocytic and lysosomal-vacuolar transport pathways, and responding to biotic and abiotic stresses. Further, proteins localized either in the tonoplast (vacuolar membrane) or inside the vacuole lumen are critical for fruit quality. In this review, we summarize and discuss some of the emerging functions and regulatory mechanisms associated with plant vacuoles, including vacuole biogenesis, vacuole functions in plant growth and development, fruit quality, and plant-microbe interaction, as well as some innovative research technology that has driven advances in the field. Together, the functions of plant vacuoles are important for plant growth and fruit quality. The investigation of vacuole functions in plants is of great scientific significance and has potential applications in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tong Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lu-Han Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Huo H, Wang X, Liu Y, Chen J, Wei G. A Nod factor- and type III secretion system-dependent manner for Robinia pseudoacacia to establish symbiosis with Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:817-835. [PMID: 33219377 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, symbiotic nodulation promotes the growth of legume plants via the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia by rhizobia in root nodules. The rhizobial Nod factor (NF) and type III secretion system (T3SS) are two key signaling pathways for establishing the legume-rhizobium symbiosis. However, whether NF signaling is involved in the nodulation of Robinia pseudoacacia and Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123, and its symbiotic differences compared with T3SS signaling remain unclear. Therefore, to elucidate the function of NF signaling in nodulation, we mutated nodC in M. amorphae CCNWGS0123, which aborted NF synthesis. Compared with the plants inoculated with the wild type strain, the plants inoculated with the NF-deficient strain exhibited shorter shoots with etiolated leaves. These phenotypic characteristics were similar to those of the plants inoculated with the T3SS-deficient strain, which served as a Nod- (non-effective nodulation) control. The plants inoculated with both the NF- and T3SS-deficient strains formed massive root hair swellings, but no normal infection threads were detected. Sections of the nodules showed that inoculation with the NF- and T3SS-deficient strains induced small, white bumps without any rhizobia inside. Analyzing the accumulation of 6 plant hormones and the expression of 10 plant genes indicated that the NF- and T3SS-deficient strains activated plant defense reactions while suppressing plant symbiotic signaling during the perception and nodulation processes. The requirement for NF signaling appeared to be conserved in two other leguminous trees that can establish symbiosis with M. amorphae CCNWGS0123. In contrast, the function of the T3SS might differ among species, even within the same subfamily (Faboideae). Overall, this work demonstrated that nodulation of R. pseudoacacia and M. amorphae CCNWGS0123 was both NF and T3SS dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water conservation, Northwest A&F University, 26 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Structure and Development of the Legume-Rhizobial Symbiotic Interface in Infection Threads. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051050. [PMID: 33946779 PMCID: PMC8146911 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intracellular infection thread initiated in a root hair cell is a unique structure associated with Rhizobium-legume symbiosis. It is characterized by inverted tip growth of the plant cell wall, resulting in a tunnel that allows invasion of host cells by bacteria during the formation of the nitrogen-fixing root nodule. Regulation of the plant-microbial interface is essential for infection thread growth. This involves targeted deposition of the cell wall and extracellular matrix and tight control of cell wall remodeling. This review describes the potential role of different actors such as transcription factors, receptors, and enzymes in the rearrangement of the plant-microbial interface and control of polar infection thread growth. It also focuses on the composition of the main polymers of the infection thread wall and matrix and the participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development of the infection thread. Mutant analysis has helped to gain insight into the development of host defense reactions. The available data raise many new questions about the structure, function, and development of infection threads.
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Noman A, Aqeel M, Islam W, Khalid N, Akhtar N, Qasim M, Yasin G, Hashem M, Alamri S, Al-Zoubi OM, Jalees MM, Al-Sadi A. Insects-plants-pathogens: Toxicity, dependence and defense dynamics. Toxicon 2021; 197:87-98. [PMID: 33848517 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In a natural ecosystem, the pathogen-plant-insect relationship has diverse implications for each other. The pathogens as well as insect-pests consume plant tissues as their feed that mostly results in damage. In turn, plant species have evolved specialized defense system to not only protect themselves but reduce the damage also. Such tripartite interactions involve toxicity, metabolic modulations, resistance etc. among all participants of interaction. These attributes result in selection pressure among participants. Coevolution of such traits reveals need to focus and unravel multiple hidden aspects of insect-plant-pathogen interactions. The definite modulations during plant responses to biotic stress and the operating defense network against herbivores are vital to research areas. Different types of plant pathogens and herbivores are tackled with various changes in plants, e.g. changes in genes expression, glucosinolate metabolism detoxification, signal transduction, cell wall modifications, Ca2+dependent signaling. It is essential to clarify which chemical in plants can work as a defense signal or weapon in plant-pathogen-herbivore interactions. In spite of increased knowledge regarding signal transduction pathways regulating growth-defense balance, much more is needed to unveil the coordination of growth rate with metabolic modulations in bi-trophic interactions. Here, we addressed plant-pathogen-insect interaction for toxicity as well as dependnce along with plant defense dynamics against pathogens and insects with broad range effects at the physio-biochemical and molecular level. We have reviewed interfaces in plant-pathogen-insect research to show pulsating regulation of plant immunity for attuning survival and ecological equilibrium. An improved understanding of the systematic foundation of growth-defense stability has vital repercussions for enhancing crop yield, including insights into uncoupling of host-parasite tradeoffs for ecological and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China.
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Noreen Khalid
- Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Akhtar
- Department of Botany, Government College for Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahau Din Zakria University Multan Pakistan, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt.
| | - Saad Alamri
- King Khalid University, College of Science, Department of Biology, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Moazam Jalees
- Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences. Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Al-Sadi
- College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat. Sultanate of Oman, Oman
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Songwattana P, Chaintreuil C, Wongdee J, Teulet A, Mbaye M, Piromyou P, Gully D, Fardoux J, Zoumman AMA, Camuel A, Tittabutr P, Teaumroong N, Giraud E. Identification of type III effectors modulating the symbiotic properties of Bradyrhizobium vignae strain ORS3257 with various Vigna species. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4874. [PMID: 33649428 PMCID: PMC7921652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bradyrhizobium vignae strain ORS3257 is an elite strain recommended for cowpea inoculation in Senegal. This strain was recently shown to establish symbioses on some Aeschynomene species using a cocktail of Type III effectors (T3Es) secreted by the T3SS machinery. In this study, using a collection of mutants in different T3Es genes, we sought to identify the effectors that modulate the symbiotic properties of ORS3257 in three Vigna species (V. unguiculata, V. radiata and V. mungo). While the T3SS had a positive impact on the symbiotic efficiency of the strain in V. unguiculata and V. mungo, it blocked symbiosis with V. radiata. The combination of effectors promoting nodulation in V. unguiculata and V. mungo differed, in both cases, NopT and NopAB were involved, suggesting they are key determinants for nodulation, and to a lesser extent, NopM1 and NopP1, which are additionally required for optimal symbiosis with V. mungo. In contrast, only one effector, NopP2, was identified as the cause of the incompatibility between ORS3257 and V. radiata. The identification of key effectors which promote symbiotic efficiency or render the interaction incompatible is important for the development of inoculation strategies to improve the growth of Vigna species cultivated in Africa and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpan Songwattana
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Clémence Chaintreuil
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/SupAgro, Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,IRD, Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, UR040, ISRA, UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jenjira Wongdee
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Albin Teulet
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/SupAgro, Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Mamadou Mbaye
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/SupAgro, Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Pongdet Piromyou
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Djamel Gully
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/SupAgro, Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Joel Fardoux
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/SupAgro, Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Alexandre Mahougnon Aurel Zoumman
- IRD, Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, UR040, ISRA, UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal.,Département de Biologie Végétale, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alicia Camuel
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/SupAgro, Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Panlada Tittabutr
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Neung Teaumroong
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
| | - Eric Giraud
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/SupAgro, Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Fagorzi C, Bacci G, Huang R, Cangioli L, Checcucci A, Fini M, Perrin E, Natali C, diCenzo GC, Mengoni A. Nonadditive Transcriptomic Signatures of Genotype-by-Genotype Interactions during the Initiation of Plant-Rhizobium Symbiosis. mSystems 2021. [PMID: 33436514 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.15.152710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are ecologically important, facultative plant-symbiotic microbes. In nature, there is a large variability in the association of rhizobial strains and host plants of the same species. Here, we evaluated whether plant and rhizobial genotypes influence the initial transcriptional response of rhizobium following perception of a host plant. RNA sequencing of the model rhizobium Sinorhizobium meliloti exposed to root exudates or luteolin (an inducer of nod genes, involved in the early steps of symbiotic interaction) was performed on a combination of three S. meliloti strains and three alfalfa varieties as host plants. The response to root exudates involved hundreds of changes in the rhizobium transcriptome. Of the differentially expressed genes, 35% were influenced by the strain genotype, 16% were influenced by the plant genotype, and 29% were influenced by strain-by-host plant genotype interactions. We also examined the response of a hybrid S. meliloti strain in which the symbiotic megaplasmid (∼20% of the genome) was mobilized between two of the above-mentioned strains. Dozens of genes were upregulated in the hybrid strain, indicative of nonadditive variation in the transcriptome. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that transcriptional responses of rhizobia upon perception of legumes are influenced by the genotypes of both symbiotic partners and their interaction, suggesting a wide spectrum of genetic determinants involved in the phenotypic variation of plant-rhizobium symbiosis.IMPORTANCE A sustainable way for meeting the need of an increased global food demand should be based on a holobiont perspective, viewing crop plants as intimately associated with their microbiome, which helps improve plant nutrition, tolerance to pests, and adverse climate conditions. However, the genetic repertoire needed for efficient association with plants by the microbial symbionts is still poorly understood. The rhizobia are an exemplary model of facultative plant symbiotic microbes. Here, we evaluated whether genotype-by-genotype interactions could be identified in the initial transcriptional response of rhizobium perception of a host plant. We performed an RNA sequencing study to analyze the transcriptomes of different rhizobial strains elicited by root exudates of three alfalfa varieties as a proxy of an early step of the symbiotic interaction. The results indicated strain- and plant variety-dependent variability in the observed transcriptional changes, providing fundamentally novel insights into the genetic basis of rhizobium-plant interactions. Our results provide genetic insights and perspective to aid in the exploitation of natural rhizobium variation for improvement of legume growth in agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Fagorzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bacci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Cangioli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alice Checcucci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Margherita Fini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Perrin
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Natali
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Mengoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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28
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Nonadditive Transcriptomic Signatures of Genotype-by-Genotype Interactions during the Initiation of Plant-Rhizobium Symbiosis. mSystems 2021; 6:6/1/e00974-20. [PMID: 33436514 PMCID: PMC7901481 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00974-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are ecologically important, facultative plant-symbiotic microbes. In nature, there is a large variability in the association of rhizobial strains and host plants of the same species. Here, we evaluated whether plant and rhizobial genotypes influence the initial transcriptional response of rhizobium following perception of a host plant. RNA sequencing of the model rhizobium Sinorhizobium meliloti exposed to root exudates or luteolin (an inducer of nod genes, involved in the early steps of symbiotic interaction) was performed on a combination of three S. meliloti strains and three alfalfa varieties as host plants. The response to root exudates involved hundreds of changes in the rhizobium transcriptome. Of the differentially expressed genes, 35% were influenced by the strain genotype, 16% were influenced by the plant genotype, and 29% were influenced by strain-by-host plant genotype interactions. We also examined the response of a hybrid S. meliloti strain in which the symbiotic megaplasmid (∼20% of the genome) was mobilized between two of the above-mentioned strains. Dozens of genes were upregulated in the hybrid strain, indicative of nonadditive variation in the transcriptome. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that transcriptional responses of rhizobia upon perception of legumes are influenced by the genotypes of both symbiotic partners and their interaction, suggesting a wide spectrum of genetic determinants involved in the phenotypic variation of plant-rhizobium symbiosis.IMPORTANCE A sustainable way for meeting the need of an increased global food demand should be based on a holobiont perspective, viewing crop plants as intimately associated with their microbiome, which helps improve plant nutrition, tolerance to pests, and adverse climate conditions. However, the genetic repertoire needed for efficient association with plants by the microbial symbionts is still poorly understood. The rhizobia are an exemplary model of facultative plant symbiotic microbes. Here, we evaluated whether genotype-by-genotype interactions could be identified in the initial transcriptional response of rhizobium perception of a host plant. We performed an RNA sequencing study to analyze the transcriptomes of different rhizobial strains elicited by root exudates of three alfalfa varieties as a proxy of an early step of the symbiotic interaction. The results indicated strain- and plant variety-dependent variability in the observed transcriptional changes, providing fundamentally novel insights into the genetic basis of rhizobium-plant interactions. Our results provide genetic insights and perspective to aid in the exploitation of natural rhizobium variation for improvement of legume growth in agricultural ecosystems.
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29
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Walker L, Lagunas B, Gifford ML. Determinants of Host Range Specificity in Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:585749. [PMID: 33329456 PMCID: PMC7728800 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.585749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Leguminous plants possess the almost unique ability to enter symbiosis with soil-resident, nitrogen fixing bacteria called rhizobia. During this symbiosis, the bacteria physically colonize specialized organs on the roots of the host plant called nodules, where they reduce atmospheric nitrogen into forms that can be assimilated by the host plant and receive photosynthates in return. In order for nodule development to occur, there is extensive chemical cross-talk between both parties during the formative stages of the symbiosis. The vast majority of the legume family are capable of forming root nodules and typically rhizobia are only able to fix nitrogen within the context of this symbiotic association. However, many legume species only enter productive symbiosis with a few, or even single rhizobial species or strains, and vice-versa. Permitting symbiosis with only rhizobial strains that will be able to fix nitrogen with high efficiency is a crucial strategy for the host plant to prevent cheating by rhizobia. This selectivity is enforced at all stages of the symbiosis, with partner choice beginning during the initial communication between the plant and rhizobia. However, it can also be influenced even once nitrogen-fixing nodules have developed on the root. This review sets out current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms employed by both parties to influence host range during legume-rhizobia symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Walker
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Lagunas
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam L Gifford
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Generating asymmetry in a changing environment: cell cycle regulation in dimorphic alphaproteobacteria. Biol Chem 2020; 401:1349-1363. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhile many bacteria divide by symmetric binary fission, some alphaproteobacteria have strikingly asymmetric cell cycles, producing offspring that differs significantly in their morphology and reproductive state. To establish this asymmetry, these species employ a complex cell cycle regulatory pathway based on two-component signaling cascades. At the center of this network is the essential DNA-binding response regulator CtrA, which acts as a transcription factor controlling numerous genes with cell cycle-relevant functions as well as a regulator of chromosome replication. The DNA-binding activity of CtrA is controlled at the level of both protein phosphorylation and stability, dependent on an intricate network of regulatory proteins, whose function is tightly coordinated in time and space. CtrA is differentially activated in the two (developing) offspring, thereby establishing distinct transcriptional programs that ultimately determine their distinct cell fates. Phase-separated polar microdomains of changing composition sequester proteins involved in the (in-)activation and degradation of CtrA specifically at each pole. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the CtrA pathway and discuss how it has evolved to regulate the cell cycle of morphologically distinct alphaproteobacteria.
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Toniutti MA, Albicoro FJ, Castellani LG, López García SL, Fornasero LV, Zuber NE, Vera LM, Vacca C, Cafiero JH, Winkler A, Kalinowski J, Lagares A, Torres Tejerizo GA, Del Papa MF. Genome sequence of Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense strain P10 130, a highly efficient nitrogen-fixing bacterium that could be used for Desmodium incanum inoculation. Gene 2020; 768:145267. [PMID: 33122079 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Strain P10 130, an isolated Bradyrhizobium strain from Argentina which promotes the growth of the leguminous plant Desmodium incanum by different mechanisms was previously selected as the best candidate for D. incanum inoculation based on broader selective criteria. A close relationship between this strain and B. yuanmingense was determined by MALDI BioTyper identification and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis. This study aimed to analyse the genome sequence of B. yuanmingense P10 130 in order to deepen our knowledge regarding its plant growth-promoting traits and to establish its phylogenetic relationship with other species of Bradyrhizobium genus. The genome size of strain P10 130 was estimated to be 7.54 Mb that consisted of 65 contigs. Genome Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) analysis revealed that B. yuanmingense CCBAU 10071 T was the closest strain to P10 130 with ca. 96% identity. Further analysis of the genome of B. yuanmingense P10 130 identified 20 nod/nol/NOE, 14 nif/18 fix, 5 nap/5 nor genes, which may be potentially involved in nodulation, nitrogen fixation, and denitrification process respectively. Genome sequence of B. yuanmingense P10 130 is a valuable source of information to continue the research of its potential industrial production as a biofertilizer of D. incanum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Javier Albicoro
- IBBM - Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET - Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lucas Gabriel Castellani
- IBBM - Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET - Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Silvina Laura López García
- IBBM - Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET - Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Nicolás Emilio Zuber
- IBBM - Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET - Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Leda Mailén Vera
- IBBM - Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET - Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carolina Vacca
- IBBM - Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET - Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Hilario Cafiero
- IBBM - Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET - Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Anika Winkler
- CeBiTec - Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- CeBiTec - Centrum für Biotechnologie, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Antonio Lagares
- IBBM - Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET - Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Arturo Torres Tejerizo
- IBBM - Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET - Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Del Papa
- IBBM - Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CONICET - Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calles 47 y 115 (1900) La Plata, Argentina.
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Sorroche F, Morales V, Mouffok S, Pichereaux C, Garnerone AM, Zou L, Soni B, Carpéné MA, Gargaros A, Maillet F, Burlet-Schiltz O, Poinsot V, Polard P, Gough C, Batut J. The ex planta signal activity of a Medicago ribosomal uL2 protein suggests a moonlighting role in controlling secondary rhizobial infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235446. [PMID: 33002000 PMCID: PMC7529298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently described a regulatory loop, which we termed autoregulation of infection (AOI), by which Sinorhizobium meliloti, a Medicago endosymbiont, downregulates the root susceptibility to secondary infection events via ethylene. AOI is initially triggered by so-far unidentified Medicago nodule signals named signal 1 and signal 1' whose transduction in bacteroids requires the S. meliloti outer-membrane-associated NsrA receptor protein and the cognate inner-membrane-associated adenylate cyclases, CyaK and CyaD1/D2, respectively. Here, we report on advances in signal 1 identification. Signal 1 activity is widespread as we robustly detected it in Medicago nodule extracts as well as in yeast and bacteria cell extracts. Biochemical analyses indicated a peptidic nature for signal 1 and, together with proteomic analyses, a universally conserved Medicago ribosomal protein of the uL2 family was identified as a candidate signal 1. Specifically, MtRPuL2A (MtrunA17Chr7g0247311) displays a strong signal activity that requires S. meliloti NsrA and CyaK, as endogenous signal 1. We have shown that MtRPuL2A is active in signaling only in a non-ribosomal form. A Medicago truncatula mutant in the major symbiotic transcriptional regulator MtNF-YA1 lacked most signal 1 activity, suggesting that signal 1 is under developmental control. Altogether, our results point to the MtRPuL2A ribosomal protein as the candidate for signal 1. Based on the Mtnf-ya1 mutant, we suggest a link between root infectiveness and nodule development. We discuss our findings in the context of ribosomal protein moonlighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sorroche
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microorganismes (LIPM), INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Violette Morales
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Génétique Moléculaires, UMR5100, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Saïda Mouffok
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microorganismes (LIPM), INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Carole Pichereaux
- Fédération de Recherche (FR3450), Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (AIB), CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - A. Marie Garnerone
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microorganismes (LIPM), INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Lan Zou
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microorganismes (LIPM), INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Badrish Soni
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microorganismes (LIPM), INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Audrey Gargaros
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Maillet
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microorganismes (LIPM), INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse UPS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Verena Poinsot
- I2MC, Université de Toulouse UPS, INSERM, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice Polard
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Génétique Moléculaires, UMR5100, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Clare Gough
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microorganismes (LIPM), INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jacques Batut
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microorganismes (LIPM), INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Exploring the Role of Bacterial Extracellular Polymeric Substances for Sustainable Development in Agriculture. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3224-3239. [PMID: 32876713 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The incessant need to increase crop yields has led to the development of many chemical fertilizers containing NPK (nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium) which can degrade soil health in the long term. In addition, these fertilizers are often leached into nearby water bodies causing algal bloom and eutrophication. Bacterial secondary metabolites exuded into the extracellular space, termed extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have gained commercial significance because of their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and renewability. In many habitats, bacterial communities faced with adversity will adhere together by production of EPS which also serves to bond them to surfaces. Typically, hygroscopic, EPS retain moisture in desiccating conditions and modulate nutrient exchange. Many plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPR) combat harsh environmental conditions like salinity, drought, and attack of pathogens by producing EPS. The adhesive nature of EPS promotes soil aggregation and restores moisture thus combating soil erosion and promoting soil fertility. In addition, these molecules play vital roles in maintaining symbiosis and nitrogen fixation thus enhancing sustainability. Thus, along with other commercial applications, EPS show promising avenues for improving agricultural productivity thus helping to address land scarcity as well as minimizing environmental pollution.
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34
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diCenzo GC, Tesi M, Pfau T, Mengoni A, Fondi M. Genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of the symbiosis between a leguminous plant and a nitrogen-fixing bacterium. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2574. [PMID: 32444627 PMCID: PMC7244743 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutualistic association between leguminous plants and endosymbiotic rhizobial bacteria is a paradigmatic example of a symbiosis driven by metabolic exchanges. Here, we report the reconstruction and modelling of a genome-scale metabolic network of Medicago truncatula (plant) nodulated by Sinorhizobium meliloti (bacterium). The reconstructed nodule tissue contains five spatially distinct developmental zones and encompasses the metabolism of both the plant and the bacterium. Flux balance analysis (FBA) suggests that the metabolic costs associated with symbiotic nitrogen fixation are primarily related to supporting nitrogenase activity, and increasing N2-fixation efficiency is associated with diminishing returns in terms of plant growth. Our analyses support that differentiating bacteroids have access to sugars as major carbon sources, ammonium is the main nitrogen export product of N2-fixing bacteria, and N2 fixation depends on proton transfer from the plant cytoplasm to the bacteria through acidification of the peribacteroid space. We expect that our model, called 'Virtual Nodule Environment' (ViNE), will contribute to a better understanding of the functioning of legume nodules, and may guide experimental studies and engineering of symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C diCenzo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Michelangelo Tesi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Thomas Pfau
- Life Sciences Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Alessio Mengoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Marco Fondi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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35
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Unay J, Perret X. A Minimal Genetic Passkey to Unlock Many Legume Doors to Root Nodulation by Rhizobia. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050521. [PMID: 32392829 PMCID: PMC7290934 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In legume crops, formation of developmentally mature nodules is a prerequisite for efficient nitrogen fixation by populations of rhizobial bacteroids established inside nodule cells. Development of root nodules, and concomitant microbial colonization of plant cells, are constrained by sets of recognition signals exchanged by infecting rhizobia and their legume hosts, with much of the specificity of symbiotic interactions being determined by the flavonoid cocktails released by legume roots and the strain-specific nodulation factors (NFs) secreted by rhizobia. Hence, much of Sinorhizobium fredii strain NGR234 symbiotic promiscuity was thought to stem from a family of >80 structurally diverse NFs and associated nodulation keys in the form of secreted effector proteins and rhamnose-rich surface polysaccharides. Here, we show instead that a mini-symbiotic plasmid (pMiniSym2) carrying only the nodABCIJ, nodS and nodD1 genes of NGR234 conferred promiscuous nodulation to ANU265, a derivative strain cured of the large symbiotic plasmid pNGR234a. The ANU265::pMiniSym2 transconjugant triggered nodulation responses on 12 of the 22 legumes we tested. On roots of Macroptilium atropurpureum, Leucaena leucocephala and Vigna unguiculata, ANU265::pMiniSym2 formed mature-like nodule and successfully infected nodule cells. While cowpea and siratro responded to nodule colonization with defense responses that eventually eliminated bacteria, L. leucocephala formed leghemoglobin-containing mature-like nodules inside which the pMiniSym2 transconjugant established persistent intracellular colonies. These data show seven nodulation genes of NGR234 suffice to trigger nodule formation on roots of many hosts and to establish chronic infections in Leucaena cells.
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36
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Riboregulation in Nitrogen-Fixing Endosymbiotic Bacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8030384. [PMID: 32164262 PMCID: PMC7143759 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) are ubiquitous components of bacterial adaptive regulatory networks underlying stress responses and chronic intracellular infection of eukaryotic hosts. Thus, sRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is expected to play a major role in the establishment of mutualistic root nodule endosymbiosis between nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and legume plants. However, knowledge about this level of genetic regulation in this group of plant-interacting bacteria is still rather scarce. Here, we review insights into the rhizobial non-coding transcriptome and sRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of symbiotic relevant traits such as nutrient uptake, cell cycle, quorum sensing, or nodule development. We provide details about the transcriptional control and protein-assisted activity mechanisms of the functionally characterized sRNAs involved in these processes. Finally, we discuss the forthcoming research on riboregulation in legume symbionts.
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37
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Cubo MT, Alías-Villegas C, Balsanelli E, Mesa D, de Souza E, Espuny MR. Diversity of Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) meliloti Bacteriophages in the Rhizosphere of Medicago marina: Myoviruses, Filamentous and N4-Like Podovirus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:22. [PMID: 32038600 PMCID: PMC6992544 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Using different Sinorhizobium meliloti strains as hosts, we isolated eight new virulent phages from the rhizosphere of the coastal legume Medicago marina. Half of the isolated phages showed a very narrow host range while the other half exhibited a wider host range within the strains tested. Electron microscopy studies showed that phages M_ort18, M_sf1.2, and M_sf3.33 belonged to the Myoviridae family with feature long, contractile tails and icosaedral head. Phages I_sf3.21 and I_sf3.10T appeared to have filamentous shape and produced turbid plaques, which is a characteristic of phages from the Inoviridae family. Phage P_ort11 is a member of the Podoviridae, with an icosahedral head and a short tail and was selected for further characterization and genome sequencing. P_ort11 contained linear, double-stranded DNA with a length of 75239 bp and 103 putative open reading frames. BLASTP analysis revealed strong similarities to Escherichia phage N4 and other N4-like phages. This is the first report of filamentous and N4-like phages that infect S. meliloti.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Cubo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Cynthia Alías-Villegas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo Balsanelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Dany Mesa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Emanuel de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - María Rosario Espuny
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Walters AW, Hughes RC, Call TB, Walker CJ, Wilcox H, Petersen SC, Rudman SM, Newell PD, Douglas AE, Schmidt PS, Chaston JM. The microbiota influences the Drosophila melanogaster life history strategy. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:639-653. [PMID: 31863671 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organisms are locally adapted when members of a population have a fitness advantage in one location relative to conspecifics in other geographies. For example, across latitudinal gradients, some organisms may trade off between traits that maximize fitness components in one, but not both, of somatic maintenance or reproductive output. Latitudinal gradients in life history strategies are traditionally attributed to environmental selection on an animal's genotype, without any consideration of the possible impact of associated microorganisms ("microbiota") on life history traits. Here, we show in Drosophila melanogaster, a key model for studying local adaptation and life history strategy, that excluding the microbiota from definitions of local adaptation is a major shortfall. First, we reveal that an isogenic fly line reared with different bacteria varies the investment in early reproduction versus somatic maintenance. Next, we show that in wild fruit flies, the abundance of these same bacteria was correlated with the latitude and life history strategy of the flies, suggesting geographic specificity of the microbiota composition. Variation in microbiota composition of locally adapted D. melanogaster could be attributed to both the wild environment and host genetic selection. Finally, by eliminating or manipulating the microbiota of fly lines collected across a latitudinal gradient, we reveal that host genotype contributes to latitude-specific life history traits independent of the microbiota and that variation in the microbiota can suppress or reverse the differences between locally adapted fly lines. Together, these findings establish the microbiota composition of a model animal as an essential consideration in local adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber W Walters
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Rachel C Hughes
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Tanner B Call
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Carson J Walker
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Hailey Wilcox
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Samara C Petersen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Seth M Rudman
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter D Newell
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Oswego, Oswego, NY, USA
| | - Angela E Douglas
- Department of Entomology and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Paul S Schmidt
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John M Chaston
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Li Y, Rebuffat S. The manifold roles of microbial ribosomal peptide-based natural products in physiology and ecology. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:34-54. [PMID: 31784450 PMCID: PMC6952617 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.006545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs), also called ribosomal peptide natural products (RPNPs), form a growing superfamily of natural products that are produced by many different organisms and particularly by bacteria. They are derived from precursor polypeptides whose modification by various dedicated enzymes helps to establish a vast array of chemical motifs. RiPPs have attracted much interest as a source of potential therapeutic agents, and in particular as alternatives to conventional antibiotics to address the bacterial resistance crisis. However, their ecological roles in nature are poorly understood and explored. The present review describes major RiPP actors in competition within microbial communities, the main ecological and physiological functions currently evidenced for RiPPs, and the microbial ecosystems that are the sites for these functions. We envision that the study of RiPPs may lead to discoveries of new biological functions and highlight that a better knowledge of how bacterial RiPPs mediate inter-/intraspecies and interkingdom interactions will hold promise for devising alternative strategies in antibiotic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- Laboratory Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms (MCAM, UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN), National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), CNRS, CP 54, 57 rue Cuvier 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Sylvie Rebuffat
- Laboratory Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms (MCAM, UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN), National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), CNRS, CP 54, 57 rue Cuvier 75005, Paris, France.
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40
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Menéndez AB, Calzadilla PI, Sansberro PA, Espasandin FD, Gazquez A, Bordenave CD, Maiale SJ, Rodríguez AA, Maguire VG, Campestre MP, Garriz A, Rossi FR, Romero FM, Solmi L, Salloum MS, Monteoliva MI, Debat JH, Ruiz OA. Polyamines and Legumes: Joint Stories of Stress, Nitrogen Fixation and Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1415. [PMID: 31749821 PMCID: PMC6844238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are natural aliphatic amines involved in many physiological processes in almost all living organisms, including responses to abiotic stresses and microbial interactions. On other hand, the family Leguminosae constitutes an economically and ecologically key botanical group for humans, being also regarded as the most important protein source for livestock. This review presents the profuse evidence that relates changes in PAs levels during responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in model and cultivable species within Leguminosae and examines the unreviewed information regarding their potential roles in the functioning of symbiotic interactions with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizae in this family. As linking plant physiological behavior with "big data" available in "omics" is an essential step to improve our understanding of legumes responses to global change, we also examined integrative MultiOmics approaches available to decrypt the interface legumes-PAs-abiotic and biotic stress interactions. These approaches are expected to accelerate the identification of stress tolerant phenotypes and the design of new biotechnological strategies to increase their yield and adaptation to marginal environments, making better use of available plant genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bernardina Menéndez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Ayelén Gazquez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrés Garriz
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Franco Rubén Rossi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | | | - Leandro Solmi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Maria Soraya Salloum
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV) Ing “Victorio S Trippi,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariela Inés Monteoliva
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV) Ing “Victorio S Trippi,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julio Humberto Debat
- Instituto de Patología Vegetal (IPAVE) Ing “Sergio Nome,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Oscar Adolfo Ruiz
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Chascomús, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología y Recursos Genéticos Vegetales (IFRGV) Ing “Victorio S Trippi,” Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
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41
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Chien HL, Huang WZ, Tsai MY, Cheng CH, Liu CT. Overexpression of the Chromosome Partitioning Gene parA in Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 Alters the Bacteroid Morphotype in Sesbania rostrata Stem Nodules. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2422. [PMID: 31749773 PMCID: PMC6842974 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 is a diazotroph that forms N2-fixing nodules on the roots and stems of the tropical legume Sesbania rostrata. Deletion of the parA gene of this bacterium results in cell cycle defects, pleiomorphic cell shape, and formation of immature stem nodules on its host plant. In this study, we constructed a parA overexpression mutant (PnptII-parA) to complement a previous study and provide new insights into bacteroid formation. We found that overproduction of ParA did not affect growth, cell morphology, chromosome partitioning, or vegetative nitrogen fixation in the free-living state. Under symbiosis, however, distinctive features, such as a single swollen bacteroid in one symbiosome, relatively narrow symbiosome space, and polyploid cells were observed. The morphotype of the PnptII-parA bacteroid is reminiscent of terminal differentiation in some IRLC indeterminate nodules, but S. rostrata is not thought to produce the NCR peptides that induce terminal differentiation in rhizobia. In addition, the transcript patterns of many symbiosis-related genes elicited by PnptII-parA were different from those elicited by the wild type. Accordingly, we propose that the particular symbiosome formation in PnptII-parA stem-nodules is due to cell cycle disruption caused by excess ParA protein in the symbiotic cells during nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Lin Chien
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Zhen Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Tsai
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Hsiang Cheng
- Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Te Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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42
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Li X, Zheng Z, Kong X, Xu J, Qiu L, Sun J, Reid D, Jin H, Andersen SU, Oldroyd GED, Stougaard J, Downie JA, Xie F. Atypical Receptor Kinase RINRK1 Required for Rhizobial Infection But Not Nodule Development in Lotus japonicus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:804-816. [PMID: 31409696 PMCID: PMC6776872 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
During the legume-rhizobium symbiotic interaction, rhizobial invasion of legumes is primarily mediated by a plant-made tubular invagination called an infection thread (IT). Here, we identify a gene in Lotus japonicus encoding a Leu-rich repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK), RINRK1 (Rhizobial Infection Receptor-like Kinase1), that is induced by Nod factors (NFs) and is involved in IT formation but not nodule organogenesis. A paralog, RINRK2, plays a relatively minor role in infection. RINRK1 is required for full induction of early infection genes, including Nodule Inception (NIN), encoding an essential nodulation transcription factor. RINRK1 displayed an infection-specific expression pattern, and NIN bound to the RINRK1 promoter, inducing its expression. RINRK1 was found to be an atypical kinase localized to the plasma membrane and did not require kinase activity for rhizobial infection. We propose RINRK1 is an infection-specific RLK, which may specifically coordinate output from NF signaling or perceive an unknown signal required for rhizobial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiqiong Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangxiao Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ji Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liping Qiu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jongho Sun
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Dugald Reid
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Haojie Jin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Stig U Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark
| | - Giles E D Oldroyd
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000 C, Denmark
| | - J Allan Downie
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Fang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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43
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Yu K, Pieterse CM, Bakker PA, Berendsen RL. Beneficial microbes going underground of root immunity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2860-2870. [PMID: 31353481 PMCID: PMC6851990 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots interact with an enormous diversity of commensal, mutualistic, and pathogenic microbes, which poses a big challenge to roots to distinguish beneficial microbes from harmful ones. Plants can effectively ward off pathogens following immune recognition of conserved microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, such immune elicitors are essentially not different from those of neutral and beneficial microbes that are abundantly present in the root microbiome. Recent studies indicate that the plant immune system plays an active role in influencing rhizosphere microbiome composition. Moreover, it has become increasingly clear that root-invading beneficial microbes, including rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza, evade or suppress host immunity to establish a mutualistic relationship with their host. Evidence is accumulating that many free-living rhizosphere microbiota members can suppress root immune responses, highlighting root immune suppression as an important function of the root microbiome. Thus, the gate keeping functions of the plant immune system are not restricted to warding off root-invading pathogens but also extend to rhizosphere microbiota, likely to promote colonization by beneficial microbes and prevent growth-defense tradeoffs triggered by the MAMP-rich rhizosphere environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yu
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3508TBThe Netherlands
| | - Corné M.J. Pieterse
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3508TBThe Netherlands
| | - Peter A.H.M. Bakker
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3508TBThe Netherlands
| | - Roeland L. Berendsen
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3508TBThe Netherlands
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44
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Zhang S, Kondorosi É, Kereszt A. An anthocyanin marker for direct visualization of plant transformation and its use to study nitrogen-fixing nodule development. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:695-703. [PMID: 31325057 PMCID: PMC6713694 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development and functioning of the nitrogen fixing symbiosis between legume plants and soil bacteria collectively called rhizobia requires continuous chemical dialogue between the partners using different molecules such as flavonoids, lipo-chitooligosaccharides, polysaccharides and peptides. Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated hairy root transformation of legumes is widely used to study the function of plant genes involved in the process. The identification of transgenic plant tissues is based on antibiotics/herbicide selection and/or the detection of different reporter genes that usually require special equipment such as fluorescent microscopes or destructive techniques and chemicals to visualize enzymatic activity. Here, we developed and efficiently used in hairy root experiments binary vectors containing the MtLAP1 gene driven by constitutive and tissue-specific promoters that facilitate the production of purple colored anthocyanins in transgenic tissues and thus allowing the identification of transformed roots by naked eye. Anthocyanin producing roots were able to establish effective symbiosis with rhizobia. Moreover, it was shown that species-specific allelic variations and a mutation preventing posttranslational acetyl modification of an essential nodule-specific cysteine-rich peptide, NCR169, do not affect the symbiotic interaction of Medicago truncatula cv. Jemalong with Sinorhizobium medicae strain WSM419. Based on the experiments, it could be concluded that it is preferable to use the vectors with tissue-specific promoters that restrict anthocyanin production to the root vasculature for studying biotic interactions of the roots such as symbiotic nitrogen fixation or mycorrhizal symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlei Zhang
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári körút 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Kondorosi
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári körút 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Kereszt
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári körút 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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45
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Baena I, Pérez-Mendoza D, Sauviac L, Francesch K, Martín M, Rivilla R, Bonilla I, Bruand C, Sanjuán J, Lloret J. A partner-switching system controls activation of mixed-linkage β-glucan synthesis by c-di-GMP in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:3379-3391. [PMID: 30963697 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sinorhizobium meliloti synthesizes a linear mixed-linkage (1 → 3)(1 → 4)-β-d-glucan (ML β-glucan, MLG) in response to high levels of cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP). Two proteins BgsA and BgsB are required for MLG synthesis, BgsA being the glucan synthase which is activated upon c-di-GMP binding to its C-terminal domain. Here we report that the product of bgrR (SMb20447) is a diguanylate cyclase (DGC) that provides c-di-GMP for the synthesis of MLG by BgsA. bgrR is the first gene of a hexacistronic bgrRSTUWV operon, likely encoding a partner-switching regulatory network where BgrR is the final target. Using different approaches, we have determined that the products of genes bgrU (containing a putative PP2C serine phosphatase domain) and bgrW (with predicted kinase effector domain), modulate the phosphorylation status and the activity of the STAS domain protein BgrV. We propose that unphosphorylated BgrV inhibits BgrR DGC activity, perhaps through direct protein-protein interactions as established for other partner switchers. A bgrRSTUWV operon coexists with MLG structural bgsBA genes in many rhizobial genomes but is also present in some MLG non-producers, suggesting a role of this partner-switching system in other processes besides MLG biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Baena
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Pérez-Mendoza
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Laurent Sauviac
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Kevin Francesch
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martín
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Rivilla
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Bonilla
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claude Bruand
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Juan Sanjuán
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Lloret
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Liu Z, Chen W, Jiao S, Wang X, Fan M, Wang E, Wei G. New Insight into the Evolution of Symbiotic Genes in Black Locust-Associated Rhizobia. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:1736-1750. [PMID: 31192354 PMCID: PMC6698633 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation in legumes occurs via symbiosis with rhizobia. This process involves packages of symbiotic genes on mobile genetic elements that are readily transferred within or between rhizobial species, furnishing the recipient with the ability to interact with plant hosts. However, it remains elusive whether plant host migration has played a role in shaping the current distribution of genetic variation in symbiotic genes. Herein, we examined the genetic structure and phylogeographic pattern of symbiotic genes in 286 symbiotic strains of Mesorhizobium nodulating black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), a cross-continental invasive legume species that is native to North America. We conducted detailed phylogeographic analysis and approximate Bayesian computation to unravel the complex demographic history of five key symbiotic genes. The sequencing results indicate an origin of symbiotic genes in Germany rather than North America. Our findings provide strong evidence of prehistoric lineage splitting and spatial expansion events resulting in multiple radiations of descendent clones from founding sequence types worldwide. Estimates of the timescale of divergence in North American and Chinese subclades suggest that black locust-specific symbiotic genes have been present in these continent many thousands of years before recent migration of plant host. Although numerous crop plants, including legumes, have found their centers of origin as centers of evolution and diversity, the number of legume-specific symbiotic genes with a known geographic origin is limited. This work sheds light on the coevolution of legumes and rhizobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuo Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miaochun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Entao Wang
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Gehong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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47
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Montes-Grajales D, Esturau-Escofet N, Esquivel B, Martinez-Romero E. Exo-Metabolites of Phaseolus vulgaris-Nodulating Rhizobial Strains. Metabolites 2019; 9:E105. [PMID: 31151153 PMCID: PMC6630823 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9060105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are able to convert dinitrogen into biologically available forms of nitrogen through their symbiotic association with leguminous plants. This results in plant growth promotion, and also in conferring host resistance to different types of stress. These bacteria can interact with other organisms and survive in a wide range of environments, such as soil, rhizosphere, and inside roots. As most of these processes are molecularly mediated, the aim of this research was to identify and quantify the exo-metabolites produced by Rhizobium etli CFN42, Rhizobium leucaenae CFN299, Rhizobium tropici CIAT899, Rhizobium phaseoli Ch24-10, and Sinorhizobium americanum CFNEI156, by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Bacteria were grown in free-living cultures using minimal medium containing sucrose and glutamate. Interestingly, we found that even when these bacteria belong to the same family (Rhizobiaceae) and all form nitrogen-fixing nodules on Phaseolus vulgaris roots, they exhibited different patterns and concentrations of chemical species produced by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Montes-Grajales
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico.
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena 130015, Colombia.
| | - Nuria Esturau-Escofet
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Baldomero Esquivel
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
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48
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Zhou D, Li Y, Wang X, Xie F, Chen D, Ma B, Li Y. Mesorhizobium huakuii HtpG Interaction with nsLTP AsE246 Is Required for Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:509-528. [PMID: 30765481 PMCID: PMC6501076 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are involved in a number of biological processes including root nodule symbiosis. However, the role of nsLTPs in legume-rhizobium symbiosis remains poorly understood, and no rhizobia proteins that interact with nsLTPs have been reported to date. In this study, we used a bacteria two-hybrid system and identified the high temperature protein G (HtpG) from Mesorhizobium huakuii that interacts with the nsLTP AsE246. The interaction between HtpG and AsE246 was confirmed by far-Western blotting and bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Our results indicated that the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) domain of HtpG mediates the HtpG-AsE246 interaction. Immunofluorescence assay showed that HtpG was colocalized with AsE246 in infected nodule cells and symbiosome membranes. Expression of the htpG gene was relatively higher in young nodules and was highly expressed in the infection zones. Further investigation showed that htpG expression affects lipid abundance and profiles in root nodules and plays an essential role in nodule development and nitrogen fixation. Our findings provide further insights into the functional mechanisms behind the transport of symbiosome lipids via nsLTPs in root nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fuli Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dasong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Binguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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49
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Bashandy SR, Abd‐Alla MH, Bagy MMK. Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Biofertilizers as Ideal Potential Solutions for Sustainable Agriculture. INTEGRATING GREEN CHEMISTRY AND SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING 2019:343-396. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119509868.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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50
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Pfeilmeier S, George J, Morel A, Roy S, Smoker M, Stransfeld L, Downie JA, Peeters N, Malone JG, Zipfel C. Expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana immune receptor EFR in Medicago truncatula reduces infection by a root pathogenic bacterium, but not nitrogen-fixing rhizobial symbiosis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:569-579. [PMID: 30120864 PMCID: PMC6381793 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Interfamily transfer of plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) represents a promising biotechnological approach to engineer broad-spectrum, and potentially durable, disease resistance in crops. It is however unclear whether new recognition specificities to given pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) affect the interaction of the recipient plant with beneficial microbes. To test this in a direct reductionist approach, we transferred the Brassicaceae-specific PRR ELONGATION FACTOR-THERMO UNSTABLE RECEPTOR (EFR), conferring recognition of the bacterial EF-Tu protein, from Arabidopsis thaliana to the legume Medicago truncatula. Constitutive EFR expression led to EFR accumulation and activation of immune responses upon treatment with the EF-Tu-derived elf18 peptide in leaves and roots. The interaction of M. truncatula with the bacterial symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti is characterized by the formation of root nodules that fix atmospheric nitrogen. Although nodule numbers were slightly reduced at an early stage of the infection in EFR-Medicago when compared to control lines, nodulation was similar in all lines at later stages. Furthermore, nodule colonization by rhizobia, and nitrogen fixation were not compromised by EFR expression. Importantly, the M. truncatula lines expressing EFR were substantially more resistant to the root bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Our data suggest that the transfer of EFR to M. truncatula does not impede root nodule symbiosis, but has a positive impact on disease resistance against a bacterial pathogen. In addition, our results indicate that Rhizobium can either avoid PAMP recognition during the infection process, or is able to actively suppress immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pfeilmeier
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Present address:
Institute of MicrobiologyDepartment of BiologyETH ZurichZurich8093Switzerland
| | | | - Arry Morel
- INRALaboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro‐organismes (LIPM)UMR441Castanet‐TolosanFrance
- CNRSLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro‐organismes (LIPM)UMR2594Castanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Sonali Roy
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Present address:
Noble Research InstituteArdmoreOKUSA
| | | | - Lena Stransfeld
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich‐Basel Plant Science CenterUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Nemo Peeters
- INRALaboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro‐organismes (LIPM)UMR441Castanet‐TolosanFrance
- CNRSLaboratoire des Interactions Plantes Micro‐organismes (LIPM)UMR2594Castanet‐TolosanFrance
| | - Jacob G. Malone
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury LaboratoryNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich‐Basel Plant Science CenterUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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