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Bandjar FK, Tabri F, Muchtar SV, Hatta M, Djawad K, Ilyas F, Musafirah S, Massi MN, Bukhari A, Zainuddin AA. Analysis of interleukin 7 and platelet-derived growth factor-BB mRNA expression as potential markers in erythema nodosum leprosum. Dermatol Reports 2024; 16:9773. [PMID: 38623372 PMCID: PMC11017716 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2023.9773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) is an immunological complication of leprosy characterized by acute inflammation of the skin, nerves, and other organs. Identifying laboratory parameters is important for early diagnosis of leprosy reactions. Various cytokine biomarkers have been examined and only a few studies have reported on angiogenesis in leprosy. This study aims to understand the pathomechanism of ENL by examining IL-7 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB mRNA expression that can be the development and consideration of new effective therapies to prevent reactions, recurrences, and defects in leprosy. The study used a cross-sectional analytic design. Sampling was done by peripheral blood from the patient and measuring mRNA expression with specific primers RT-PCR. The expression of mRNA IL-7 and PDGF-BB was significantly different between multibasilar patients without reaction and with ENL reaction, where there was an increased expression in ENL patients. This could be used as the development of potential biomarkers in ENL and development of new therapeutic intervention pathways in ENL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitri Kadarsih Bandjar
- Departement of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Pattimura, Maluku
- Doctorate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi
| | - Farida Tabri
- Departement of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar
| | - Sri Vitayani Muchtar
- Departement of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Muslim, Makassar
| | - Mochammad Hatta
- Departement of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar
| | - Khaeruddin Djawad
- Departement of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Muhammadiyah, Makassar
| | - Farida Ilyas
- Departement of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar
| | - Sitti Musafirah
- Departement of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Muhammadiyah, Makassar
| | | | - Agussalim Bukhari
- Departement of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar
| | - Andi Alfian Zainuddin
- Departement of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
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2
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Song Z, Jin M, Wang S, Wu Y, Huang Q, Xu W, Fan Y, Tian F. Reciprocal regulation of SIRT1 and AMPK by Ginsenoside compound K impedes the conversion from plasma cells to mitigate for podocyte injury in MRL/ lpr mice in a B cell-specific manner. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:190-201. [PMID: 38465215 PMCID: PMC10920007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Deposition of immune complexes drives podocyte injury acting in the initial phase of lupus nephritis (LN), a process mediated by B cell involvement. Accordingly, targeting B cell subsets represents a potential therapeutic approach for LN. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a bioavailable component of ginseng, possesses nephritis benefits in lupus-prone mice; however, the underlying mechanisms involving B cell subpopulations remain elusive. Methods Female MRL/lpr mice were administered CK (40 mg/kg) intragastrically for 10 weeks, followed by measurements of anti-dsDNA antibodies, inflammatory chemokines, and metabolite profiles on renal samples. Podocyte function and ultrastructure were detected. Publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data and flow cytometry analysis were employed to investigate B cell subpopulations. Metabolomics analysis was adopted. SIRT1 and AMPK expression were analyzed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence assays. Results CK reduced proteinuria and protected podocyte ultrastructure in MRL/lpr mice by suppressing circulating anti-dsDNA antibodies and mitigating systemic inflammation. It activated B cell-specific SIRT1 and AMPK with Rhamnose accumulation, hindering the conversion of renal B cells into plasma cells. This cascade facilitated the resolution of local renal inflammation. CK facilitated the clearance of deposited immune complexes, thus reinstating podocyte morphology and mobility by normalizing the expression of nephrin and SYNPO. Conclusions Our study reveals the synergistic interplay between SIRT1 and AMPK, orchestrating the restoration of renal B cell subsets. This process effectively mitigates immune complex deposition and preserves podocyte function. Accordingly, CK emerges as a promising therapeutic agent, potentially alleviating the hyperactivity of renal B cell subsets during LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Song
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Jin
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanzuo Wu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wangda Xu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengyuan Tian
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Zhang G, Han L, Zhao Y, Li Q, Wang S, Shi H. Development and evaluation of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against Mycoplasma synoviae infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126685. [PMID: 37666406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma synoviae is an extremely significant avian pathogen, causing substantial financial harm to poultry farmers worldwide, and impacting both chicken and turkey production. Multi-epitope vaccines offer higher immunity and lower allergenicity compared to conventional vaccines. In this study, our objective is to develop a multi-epitope vaccine for M. synoviae (MSMV) and to evaluate the immune responses and protective efficacy of MSMV in chickens. We successfully identified a total of 14 B-cell, 5 MHC-I, and 16 MHC-II binding epitopes from the immunodominant proteins RS01790, BMP, GrpE, RS00900, and RS00275. Subsequently, we synthesized the multi-epitope vaccine by connecting all conserved epitopes using appropriate linkers. The resulting MSMV demonstrated notable antigenicity, non-allergenic properties, and stability. Notably, the MSMV effectively stimulated high levels of antibody production in chickens. Furthermore, MSMV the vaccine elicited a robust cellular immune response in chickens, characterized by a well-balanced Th1/Th2-type cytokine profile and enhanced lymphocyte proliferation. In immune protection experiments, the vaccinated chickens exhibited reduced air sac lesion scores and tracheal mucosal thickness compared to their non-vaccinated chickens. Additionally, vaccinated chickens displayed lower M. synoviae loads in throat swabs. These findings collectively suggested that the MSMV holds significant potential as a promising vaccine candidate for managing M. synoviae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lejiabao Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Quan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Shifeng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0880, USA.
| | - Huoying Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University (JIRLAAPS), Yangzhou, China.
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4
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Huang W, Rui K, Wang X, Peng N, Zhou W, Shi X, Lu L, Hu D, Tian J. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor in immune regulation and autoimmune pathogenesis. J Autoimmun 2023; 138:103049. [PMID: 37229809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As a ligand-activated transcription factor, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is activated by structurally diverse ligands derived from the environment, diet, microorganisms, and metabolic activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that AhR plays a key role in modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Moreover, AhR regulates innate immune and lymphoid cell differentiation and function, which is involved in autoimmune pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanism of activation of AhR and its mediated functional regulation in various innate immune and lymphoid cell populations, as well as the immune-regulatory effect of AhR in the development of autoimmune diseases. In addition, we highlight the identification of AhR agonists and antagonists that may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ke Rui
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Na Peng
- Department of Rheumatology and Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital and School of Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Chongqing International Institute for Immunology, China
| | - Dajun Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Nephrology, The Second People's Hospital, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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Sabahi Z, Daei Sorkhabi A, Sarkesh A, Naseri A, Asghar-Rezaei N, Talebi M. A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of monoclonal antibodies for progressive multiple sclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110266. [PMID: 37209514 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is a debilitating condition characterized by progressively worsening symptoms. Monoclonal antibodies are novel therapies for MS, but their safety and efficacy in the progressive form have not been comprehensively studied. In this systematic review, we aimed to evaluate the available evidence regarding monoclonal antibody treatment for PMS. METHODS After registration of the study protocol in PROSPERO, we systematically searched three major databases for clinical trials involving monoclonal antibodies administration for PMS treatment. All the retrieved results were imported into the EndNote reference manager. After removing the duplicates, two independent researchers did the study selection and data extraction. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. RESULTS Of the 1846 studies in the preliminary search, 13 clinical trials investigating monoclonal antibodies (Ocrelizumab, Natalizumab, Rituximab, and Alemtuzumab) in PMS patients were included. Ocrelizumab was significantly effective in reducing clinical disease progression measures in primary PMS patients. The results for Rituximab were not completely reassuring and only showed significant changes for some endpoints on MRI and clinical measures. Natalizumab decreased the relapse rate and improved MRI features for secondary PMS patients, but not clinical endpoints. The studies on Alemtuzumab treatment revealed conflicting outcomes, with improvements observed in MRI endpoints but clinical worsening in patients. Additionally, among the studied adverse events, upper respiratory infections, urinary tract infections, and nasopharyngitis were frequently reported. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, Ocrelizumab is the most efficient monoclonal antibody for primary PMS, although it is associated with a higher risk of infection. While other monoclonal antibodies did not show significant promise in treating PMS, more research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sabahi
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Center of Excellence, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Daei Sorkhabi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aila Sarkesh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirreza Naseri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazli Asghar-Rezaei
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Talebi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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The oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor IM156 suppresses B-cell activation by regulating mitochondrial membrane potential and contributes to the mitigation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Kidney Int 2023; 103:343-356. [PMID: 36332729 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment strategies for autoimmune diseases may not sufficiently control aberrant metabolism in B-cells. To address this concern, we investigated a biguanide derivative, IM156, as a potential regulator for B-cell metabolism in vitro and in vivo on overactive B-cells stimulated by the pro-inflammatory receptor TLR-9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, a mimic of viral/bacterial DNA. Using RNA sequencing, we analyzed the B-cell transcriptome expression, identifying the major molecular pathways affected by IM156 in vivo. We also evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of IM156 in lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice. CD19+B-cells exhibited higher mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial membrane potential compared to T-cells and were more susceptible to IM156-mediated oxidative phosphorylation inhibition. In vivo, IM156 inhibited mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, cell cycle progression, plasmablast differentiation, and activation marker levels in CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-stimulated mouse spleen B-cells. Interestingly, IM156 treatment significantly increased overall survival, reduced glomerulonephritis and inhibited B-cell activation in the NZB/W F1 mice. Thus, our data indicated that IM156 suppressed the mitochondrial membrane potentials of activated B-cells in mice, contributing to the mitigation of lupus activity. Hence, IM156 may represent a therapeutic alternative for autoimmune disease mediated by B-cell hyperactivity.
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7
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Feng W, Zhang Y, Sun P, Xiao M. Acquired immunity and Alzheimer's disease. J Biomed Res 2023; 37:15-29. [PMID: 36165328 PMCID: PMC9898041 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive defects. The role of the central immune system dominated by microglia in the progression of AD has been extensively investigated. However, little is known about the peripheral immune system in AD pathogenesis. Recently, with the discovery of the meningeal lymphatic vessels and glymphatic system, the roles of the acquired immunity in the maintenance of central homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases have attracted an increasing attention. The T cells not only regulate the function of neurons, astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells, but also participate in the clearance of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques. Apart from producing antibodies to bind Aβ peptides, the B cells affect Aβ-related cascades via a variety of antibody-independent mechanisms. This review systemically summarizes the recent progress in understanding pathophysiological roles of the T cells and B cells in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China,Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China,Weixi Feng, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China. Tel: +86-25-86869338; E-mail:
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China,Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China,Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China,Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China,Brain Institute, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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8
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Jangholi A, Müller Bark J, Kenny L, Vasani S, Rao S, Dolcetti R, Punyadeera C. Exosomes at the crossroad between therapeutic targets and therapy resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188784. [PMID: 36028150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are aggressive and clinically challenging tumours that require a multidisciplinary management approach. Despite significant therapy improvements, HNSCC patients have a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of about 65%. As recently recognised key players in cancer, exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a diameter of nearly 50-120 nm which transport information from one cell to another. Exosomes are actively involved in various aspects of tumour initiation, development, metastasis, immune regulation, therapy resistance, and therapeutic applications. However, current knowledge of the role of exosomes in the pathophysiological processes of HNSCC is still in its infancy, and additional studies are needed. In this review, we summarise and discuss the relevance of exosomes in mediating local immunosuppression and therapy resistance of HNSCC. We also review the most recent studies that have explored the therapeutic potential of exosomes as cancer vaccines, drug carriers or tools to reverse the drug resistance of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Jangholi
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; The School of Environment and Science, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Juliana Müller Bark
- The School of Environment and Science, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lizbeth Kenny
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Cancer Care Services, Herston, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarju Vasani
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Cancer Care Services, Herston, Australia; Department of Otolaryngology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Sudha Rao
- Gene Regulation and Translational Medicine Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- The School of Environment and Science, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MIHQ), Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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Masaoutis C, Palamaris K, Kokkali S, Levidou G, Theocharis S. Unraveling the Immune Microenvironment of Thymic Epithelial Tumors: Implications for Autoimmunity and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147864. [PMID: 35887212 PMCID: PMC9323059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic Epithelial Tumors (TETs) represent a rare tumor family, originating from the epithelial component of the thymus gland. Clinicopathologically, they are segregated into six major subtypes, associated with distinct histological features and clinical outcomes. Their emergence and evolution are accompanied by the generation of a complex tumor microenvironment (TME), dominated by phenotypically and functionally divergent immune cellular subsets, in different maturation states and in analogies that vary significantly among different subtypes. These heterogenous leukocyte populations exert either immune-permissive and tumor-suppressive functions or vice versa, and the dynamic equilibrium established among them either dictates the tumor immune milieu towards an immune-tolerance state or enables the development of a productive spontaneous tumoricidal response. The immunologically “hot” microenvironment, defining a significant proportion of TETs, makes them a promising candidate for the implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). A number of phase I and II clinical trials have already demonstrated significant, type-specific clinical efficacy of PD-L1 inhibitors, even though substantial limitations in their utilization derive from their immune-mediated adverse effects. Moreover, the completed clinical studies involved relatively restricted patient samples and an expansion in the enrolled cohorts is required, so that more trustworthy conclusions regarding the benefit from ICIs in TETs can be extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Masaoutis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Str., Bld 10, Goudi, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (K.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Kostas Palamaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Str., Bld 10, Goudi, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (K.P.); (G.L.)
| | - Stefania Kokkali
- Oncology Unit, 2nd Department of Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocratio General Hospital of Athens, 114, V. Sofias Str., GR11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgia Levidou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Str., Bld 10, Goudi, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (K.P.); (G.L.)
- Second Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nurenberg, Germany
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Str., Bld 10, Goudi, GR11527 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (K.P.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Li GQ, Liu XM, Liu BL, Zhong Y, Gu QW, Miao JJ, Wang J, Liu S, Mao XM. High triiodothyronine levels induce myocardial hypertrophy via BAFF overexpression. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4453-4462. [PMID: 35808902 PMCID: PMC9357614 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated B cells contribute to heart diseases, and inhibition of B‐cell activating factor (BAFF) expression is an effective therapeutic target for heart diseases. Whether activated B cells participate in the development and progression of hyperthyroid heart disease, and what induces B cells activation in hyperthyroidism are unknown. The present study aimed to determine the roles of BAFF overexpression induced by high concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) in the pathogenesis of hyperthyroid heart disease. Female C57BL/6J mice were subcutaneously injected with T3 for 6 weeks, and BAFF expression was inhibited using shRNA. Protein and mRNA expression of BAFF in mouse heart tissues evaluated via immunohistochemistry, western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Proportions of B cells in mouse cardiac tissue lymphocytes were quantified via flow cytometry. Morphology and left ventricle function were assessed using pathological sections and echocardiography, respectively. Here, we demonstrate that compared with the control group, the proportion of myocardial B cells was larger in the T3 group; immunohistochemistry, western blotting and PCR analyses revealed increased protein and mRNA expression levels of TNF‐α and BAFF in heart tissues of the T3 group. Compared with the normal controls group, in the T3 group, the diameter of myocardial cells and some echocardiographic values significantly increased and hypertrophy and structural disorder were noticeable. Our results revealed that elevated levels of circulating T3 can promote the expression of BAFF in myocardial cells and can lead to B‐cell activation, an elevated inflammatory response and ventricular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-Li Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Wei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Jing Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Lin F, You H, Cao X, Li T, Hong X, Yang J, Huo P, Li J, Liu W, Jiang Y. Characterization of IL-10-producing regulatory B cells in thymoma. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:351-359. [PMID: 35766145 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2022.2093862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a subset of B cells that secrete interleukin 10 (IL-10) and play a vital role in suppressing the immune response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion of Bregs in patients with thymoma. METHODS The proportions of subgroups of Bregs in 23 patients with thymoma and 15 healthy controls were detected by flow cytometry. The serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels of the subjects were measured using a cytometric bead array (CBA). RESULTS The proportions of circulating IL-10+ B cells, IL-10+CD24hiCD38hi Bregs, and IL-10+CD24hiCD27+ Bregs and the serum IL-10 level were significantly higher in patients with thymoma than in the control group and were negatively correlated with the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score. The serum levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were higher and serum IL-17A level was lower in patients with thymoma. Patients with advanced-stage thymoma exhibited significantly higher proportions of IL-10-producing Bregs and a higher serum IL-10 level. After tumour resection, the frequency of circulating IL-10+CD24hiCD38hi Bregs and the serum IL-10 level were significantly decreased in patients with thymoma. The serum IL-10 levels exhibited the best accuracy in assessing the risk of thymoma occurrence in this study. CONCLUSIONS The expression of IL-10 produced by Bregs is increased in patients with thymoma, particularly those with advanced-stage disease, which may suggest that Bregs are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangnan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hailong You
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiwen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Hong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinli Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Huo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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B-Cell-Based Immunotherapy: A Promising New Alternative. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060879. [PMID: 35746487 PMCID: PMC9227543 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of immunotherapy has undergone radical conceptual changes over the last decade. There are various examples of immunotherapy, including the use of monoclonal antibodies, cancer vaccines, tumor-infecting viruses, cytokines, adjuvants, and autologous T cells carrying chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that can bind cancer-specific antigens known as adoptive immunotherapy. While a lot has been achieved in the field of T-cell immunotherapy, only a fraction of patients (20%) see lasting benefits from this mode of treatment, which is why there is a critical need to turn our attention to other immune cells. B cells have been shown to play both anti- and pro-tumorigenic roles in tumor tissue. In this review, we shed light on the dual nature of B cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we discussed the different factors affecting the biology and function of B cells in tumors. In the third section, we described B-cell-based immunotherapies and their clinical applications and challenges. These current studies provide a springboard for carrying out future mechanistic studies to help us unleash the full potential of B cells in immunotherapy.
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13
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Pishesha N, Harmand TJ, Ploegh HL. A guide to antigen processing and presentation. Nat Rev Immunol 2022; 22:751-764. [PMID: 35418563 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antigen processing and presentation are the cornerstones of adaptive immunity. B cells cannot generate high-affinity antibodies without T cell help. CD4+ T cells, which provide such help, use antigen-specific receptors that recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules in complex with peptide cargo. Similarly, eradication of virus-infected cells often depends on cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, which rely on the recognition of peptide-MHC complexes for their action. The two major classes of glycoproteins entrusted with antigen presentation are the MHC class I and class II molecules, which present antigenic peptides to CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells, respectively. This Review describes the essentials of antigen processing and presentation. These pathways are divided into six discrete steps that allow a comparison of the various means by which antigens destined for presentation are acquired and how the source proteins for these antigens are tagged for degradation, destroyed and ultimately displayed as peptides in complex with MHC molecules for T cell recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novalia Pishesha
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Society of Fellows, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thibault J Harmand
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Guo Y, Xie Y, Luo Y. The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:851004. [PMID: 35222443 PMCID: PMC8863945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.851004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a complicated process caused by successive genetic and epigenetic alterations. The past decades demonstrated that the immune system affects tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Although increasing immunotherapies are revealed, only a tiny proportion of them are effective. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of single-stranded RNA molecules larger than 200 nucleotides and are essential in the molecular network of oncology and immunology. Increasing researches have focused on the connection between lncRNAs and cancer immunotherapy. However, the in-depth mechanisms are still elusive. In this review, we outline the latest studies on the functions of lncRNAs in the tumor immune microenvironment. Via participating in various biological processes such as neutrophil recruitment, macrophage polarization, NK cells cytotoxicity, and T cells functions, lncRNAs regulate tumorigenesis, tumor invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and angiogenesis. In addition, we reviewed the current understanding of the relevant strategies for targeting lncRNAs. LncRNAs-based therapeutics may represent promising approaches in serving as prognostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets in cancer, providing ideas for future research and clinical application on cancer diagnosis and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajuan Xie
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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15
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Zheng X, Jin W, Wang S, Ding H. Progression on the Roles and Mechanisms of Tumor-Infiltrating T Lymphocytes in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729705. [PMID: 34566989 PMCID: PMC8462294 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most common malignancies in China, where it ranks second in mortality and fifth in morbidity. Currently, liver transplantation, hepatic tumor resection, radiofrequency ablation, and molecular-targeted agents are the major treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Overall, HCC has a poor survival rate and a high recurrence rate. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been discovered to play essential roles in the development, prognosis, and immunotherapy treatment of HCC. As the major component cells of TILs, T cells are also proved to show antitumor and protumor effects in HCC. Foxp3+, CD8+, CD3+, and CD4+ T lymphocytes are the broadly studied subgroups of TILs. This article reviews the roles and mechanisms of different tumor-infiltrating T lymphocyte subtypes in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, Beijing You'An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You'An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiguo Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatology, Beijing You'An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Singh A, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Naved T, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Chakrabarti P, Aleya L, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Bungau S. Mechanistic insights into the role of B cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108078. [PMID: 34426116 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease epitomized by severe inflammation that induces tendon, cartilage, and bone damage over time. Although different types of cells undertake pathogenic functions in RA, the B cell's significant involvement has increasingly been known following the development of rheumatoid factor and it has been re-emphasized in recent years. Therefore, the rheumatoid factors and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies are well-known indications of infection and clinical manifestations, and that they can precede the development of illness by several years. The emergence of rituximab a B cell reducing chimeric antidote in 1997 and 1998 transformed B-cell-targeted therapy for inflammatory disorder from a research hypothesis to a functional fact. Ever since, several autoantibody-related conditions were addressed, including the more intriguing indications of effectiveness seen in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Numerous types of B-cell-targeted compounds are currently being researched. From the beginning, one of the primary goals of B-cell therapy was to reinstate some kind of immune tolerance. While B cells have long been recognized as essential autoantibody producers, certain antibody-independent functions and usefulness as a key targeted therapy were not recognized until recently. The knowledge of B cells' diverse physical and pathogenic roles in autoimmune diseases is growing. As a result, the number of successful agents targeting the B cell complex is becoming more ubiquitous. Therefore, in this article, we explore fresh perspectives upon the roles of B cells in arthritis treatment, as well as new evidence regarding the effectiveness of B lymphocytes reduction and the therapeutic outcome of biological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tanveer Naved
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | | | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, France
| | - Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Academic Department of Pharmacology, Bromatology and Toxicology, Centro Latinoamericano de Ensenanza e Investigacion en Bacteriologia Alimentaria, Universidad Nacinol Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; E-Health Research Center, Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades, Lima, Peru
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
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17
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Ghilardi N, Pappu R, Arron JR, Chan AC. 30 Years of Biotherapeutics Development-What Have We Learned? Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 38:249-287. [PMID: 32340579 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101619-031510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the birth of biotechnology, hundreds of biotherapeutics have been developed and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human use. These novel medicines not only bring significant benefit to patients but also represent precision tools to interrogate human disease biology. Accordingly, much has been learned from the successes and failures of hundreds of high-quality clinical trials. In this review, we discuss general and broadly applicable themes that have emerged from this collective experience. We base our discussion on insights gained from exploring some of the most important target classes, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-12/23, IL-17, IL-4/13, IL-5, immunoglobulin E (IgE), integrins and B cells. We also describe current challenges and speculate about how emerging technological capabilities may enable the discovery and development of the next generation of biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Ghilardi
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA; , ,
| | - Rajita Pappu
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA; , ,
| | - Joseph R Arron
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA; , ,
| | - Andrew C Chan
- Research-Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA;
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18
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Smoot K, Chen C, Stuchiner T, Lucas L, Grote L, Cohan S. Clinical outcomes of patients with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab in a US community MS center: an observational study. BMJ Neurol Open 2021; 3:e000108. [PMID: 34308352 PMCID: PMC8264886 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2020-000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To monitor long-term outcomes of ocrelizumab treatment. Objective To evaluate safety and treatment outcomes of ocrelizumab in a community-based multiple sclerosis (MS) population. Methods Adult patients with MS prescribed ocrelizumab were eligible. Chart reviews were conducted at the start of ocrelizumab treatment and every 6 months thereafter. Results Of the 355 patients enrolled, 71.9% were female; mean (SD) age was 51.8 (12.5) years; 78.3% had relapsing MS (RMS). Median baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (IQR) was 3.0 (2.0-4.0) for RMS, 6.5 (6.0-7.5) for secondary progressive MS, and 6.5 (6.0-7.0) for primary progressive MS. Respiratory infections occurred in 40.1% and urinary tract infections in 33.1% of patients. There was no difference in the percentage of infections among patients <55 (68.5%, n=122), and those ≥55 of age (67.5%, n=104) (p=0.94). Twenty-five hospitalisations were due to infections; 69.2% of these patients were ≥55 with a mean EDSS of 5.7 (±1.86). Four patients have died. Serum IgM and IgG levels did not predict infection risk. Annualised relapse rate was 0.34 for the patients with RMS in the preceding 2 years and 0.09 in patients who received ≥2 ocrelizumab 600 mg courses. The first on-treatment MRI was stable in 262 (90.0%) patients, 6.9% had new T2 lesions, 2.7% had enlarging T2 lesions and 1.4% had gadolinium-enhancing lesions. Median EDSS at 12 months was unchanged. Conclusion Ocrelizumab effectively controlled relapse risk and disability worsening. Although only 12.1% of patients have discontinued ocrelizumab, infections resulting in hospitalisation are a concern, especially in older and disabled patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Smoot
- Providence Multiple Sclerosis Center, Providence Health and Services, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Chiayi Chen
- Providence Brain & Spine Institute, Providence Health and Services, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Tamela Stuchiner
- Providence Brain & Spine Institute, Providence Health and Services, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Lois Grote
- Providence Brain & Spine Institute, Providence Health and Services, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Stanley Cohan
- Providence Multiple Sclerosis Center, Providence Health and Services, Portland, Oregon, USA
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19
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Cencioni MT, Mattoscio M, Magliozzi R, Bar-Or A, Muraro PA. B cells in multiple sclerosis - from targeted depletion to immune reconstitution therapies. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:399-414. [PMID: 34075251 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but their precise roles are unclear. In this Review, we provide an overview of the development and physiological functions of B cells and the main mechanisms through which B cells are thought to contribute to CNS autoimmunity. In MS, abnormalities of B cell function include pro-inflammatory cytokine production, defective B cell regulatory function and the formation of tertiary lymphoid-like structures in the CNS, which are the likely source of abnormal immunoglobulin production detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid. We also consider the hypothesis that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is involved in the B cell overactivation that leads to inflammatory injury to the CNS in MS. We also review the immunological effects - with a focus on the effects on B cell subsets - of several successful therapeutic approaches in MS, including agents that selectively deplete B cells (rituximab, ocrelizumab and ofatumumab), agents that less specifically deplete lymphocytes (alemtuzumab and cladribine) and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, in which the immune system is unselectively ablated and reconstituted. We consider the insights that these effects on B cell populations provide and their potential to further our understanding and targeting of B cells in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Cencioni
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Miriam Mattoscio
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roberta Magliozzi
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paolo A Muraro
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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20
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Schmitz R, Fitch ZW, Schroder PM, Choi AY, Jackson AM, Knechtle SJ, Kwun J. B cells in transplant tolerance and rejection: friends or foes? Transpl Int 2021; 33:30-40. [PMID: 31705678 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of B cells in organ transplantation remains incomplete and continues to grow. The majority of research has focused on the detrimental role of antibodies that drive the development of pathogenesis of the transplanted organ. However, it has been shown that not all donor-specific antibodies are harmful and in some circumstances can even promote tolerance through the mechanism of accommodation. Furthermore, B cells can have effects on transplanted organs through their interaction with T cells, namely antigen presentation, cytokine production, and costimulation. More recently, the role and importance of Bregs was introduced to the field of transplantation. Due to this functional and ontogenetic heterogeneity, targeting B cells in transplantation may bring undesired immunologic side effects including increased rejection. Therefore, the selective control of B cells that contribute to the humoral response against donor antigens will continue to be an important and challenging area of research and potentially lead to improved long-term transplant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schmitz
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zachary W Fitch
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paul M Schroder
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ashley Y Choi
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Annette M Jackson
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stuart J Knechtle
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jean Kwun
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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21
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Kappos L, Wolinsky JS, Giovannoni G, Arnold DL, Wang Q, Bernasconi C, Model F, Koendgen H, Manfrini M, Belachew S, Hauser SL. Contribution of Relapse-Independent Progression vs Relapse-Associated Worsening to Overall Confirmed Disability Accumulation in Typical Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis in a Pooled Analysis of 2 Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Neurol 2021; 77:1132-1140. [PMID: 32511687 PMCID: PMC7281382 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Question What are the relative contributions of progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) and relapse-associated worsening (RAW) to overall accumulating disability in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis? Findings Applying a composite outcome measure to a typical population with active relapsing multiple sclerosis, this pooled analysis of 2 randomized clinical trials shows that the most part of confirmed disability accumulation occurs independently of relapse activity. Distinct prognostic factors were associated with PIRA vs RAW, and ocrelizumab had a beneficial outcome in both. Meaning These findings clearly demonstrate underlying progression in this relapsing multiple sclerosis population and challenge the current clinical distinction of relapsing and progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. Importance Accumulation of disability in multiple sclerosis may occur as relapse-associated worsening (RAW) or steady progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), with PIRA regarded as a feature of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Objective To investigate the contributions of relapse-associated worsening vs relapse-independent progression to overall confirmed disability accumulation (CDA) and assess respective baseline prognostic factors and outcomes of 2 treatments. Design, Setting, and Participants Analyses occurred from July 2015 to February 2020 on pooled data from the intention-to-treat population of 2 identical, phase 3, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group randomized clinical trials (OPERA I and II) conducted between August 2011 and April 2015. In the trials, patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS), diagnosed using the 2010 revised McDonald criteria, were randomized from 307 trial sites in 56 countries; resulting data were analyzed in the pooled data set. Interventions Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive 600 mg of ocrelizumab by intravenous infusion every 24 weeks or subcutaneous interferon β-1a 3 times a week at a dose of 44 μg throughout a 96-week treatment period. Main Outcomes and Measures Confirmed disability accumulation was defined by an increase in 1 or more of 3 measures (Expanded Disability Status Scale, timed 25-ft walk, or 9-hole peg test), confirmed after 3 or 6 months, and classified per temporal association with confirmed clinical relapses (PIRA or RAW). Results In the pooled OPERA I and II population (1656 of 2096 eligible participants), baseline demographics and disease characteristics were similar for patients randomized to interferon β-1a vs ocrelizumab (mean [SD] age, 37.2 [9.2] vs 37.1 [9.2] years; 552 [66.6%] vs 541 women [65.4%]). After 96 weeks, 12-week composite CDA had occurred in 223 (29.6% by Kaplan-Meier estimate) randomized to interferon β-1a and 167 (21.1%) randomized to ocrelizumab; 24-week composite CDA had occurred in 170 (22.7%) taking interferon β-1a and 129 (16.2%) taking ocrelizumab. The PIRA events were the main contributors to 12-week and 24-week composite CDA after 96 weeks in patients treated with interferon β-1a (174 of 223 [78.0%] and 137 of 170 [80.6%], respectively) and ocrelizumab (147 of 167 [88.0%] and 115 of 129 [89.1%], respectively); a minority had CDA explained by RAW events (69 of 390 [17.7%] and 52 of 299 [17.4%], respectively). Very few patients with composite CDA experienced both RAW and PIRA events (17 of 390 [4.4%] for 12-week and 15 of 299 [5.0%] for 24-week composite CDA). Ocrelizumab (vs interferon β-1a) was associated with reduced risk of composite CDA (hazard ratio [HR], 0.67) and confirmed PIRA (HR, 0.78) and RAW (HR, 0.47) events. Conclusions and Relevance Most disability accumulation in RMS is not associated with overt relapses. This indicates an underlying progression in this typical RMS population and challenges the current clinical distinction of relapsing and progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. Ocrelizumab was superior to interferon β-1a in preventing both RAW and PIRA. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: OPERA I (NCT01247324) and OPERA II (NCT01412333).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Kappos
- University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jerry S Wolinsky
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston
| | | | - Douglas L Arnold
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,NeuroRx Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qing Wang
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Shibeshih Belachew
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.,Now with Biogen, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen L Hauser
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
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22
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Nielsen JS, Nelson BH. Tumor-infiltrating B cells and T cells: Working together to promote patient survival. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:1623-1625. [PMID: 23264915 PMCID: PMC3525624 DOI: 10.4161/onci.21650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported a novel cooperative relationship between tumor-infiltrating B cells and CD8+ T cells in ovarian cancer, leading to increased patient survival. Here, we discuss the mechanisms whereby B cells might enhance cellular immunity, including serving as antigen-presenting cells, organizing tertiary lymphoid structures and secreting polarizing cytokines. The enhancement of both B and T-cell responses may result in more potent and sustained antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie S Nielsen
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre; BC Cancer Agency; Victoria, BC Canada ; Department of Medical Genetics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver, BC Canada
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Extracellular Vesicles Orchestrate Immune and Tumor Interaction Networks. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123696. [PMID: 33317058 PMCID: PMC7763968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Significant strides have been made to describe the pervasive role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in health and disease. This work provides an insightful and unifying mechanistic understanding of EVs in immunity and tumorigenesis. This is achieved by dissecting the role of EVs within the continuum of immune cell physiology, immune–infection responses, and the immune–tumor microenvironment. Our work synthesizes important topical findings on immune EV signaling in mediating immune–tumor interaction networks. Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as potent and intricate intercellular communication networks. From their first discovery almost forty years ago, several studies have bolstered our understanding of these nano-vesicular structures. EV subpopulations are now characterized by differences in size, surface markers, cargo, and biological effects. Studies have highlighted the importance of EVs in biology and intercellular communication, particularly during immune and tumor interactions. These responses can be equally mediated at the proteomic and epigenomic levels through surface markers or nucleic acid cargo signaling, respectively. Following the exponential growth of EV studies in recent years, we herein synthesize new aspects of the emerging immune–tumor EV-based intercellular communications. We also discuss the potential role of EVs in fundamental immunological processes under physiological conditions, viral infections, and tumorigenic conditions. Finally, we provide insights on the future prospects of immune–tumor EVs and suggest potential avenues for the use of EVs in diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Peclat TR, Shi B, Varga J, Chini EN. The NADase enzyme CD38: an emerging pharmacological target for systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2020; 32:488-496. [PMID: 32941246 PMCID: PMC7807656 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Here we review recent literature on the emerging role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism and its dysfunction via the enzyme CD38 in the pathogenesis of rheumatologic diseases. We evaluate the potential of targeting CD38 to ameliorate NAD-related metabolic imbalance and tissue dysfunction in the treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we will discuss emerging basic, preclinical, and human data that point to the novel role of CD38 in dysregulated NAD-homeostasis in SSc, SLE, and RA. In particular, recent studies implicate increased activity of CD38, one of the main enzymes in NAD catabolism, in the pathogenesis of persistent systemic fibrosis in SSc, and increased susceptibility of SLE patients to infections. We will also discuss recent studies that demonstrate that a cytotoxic CD38 antibody can promote clearance of plasma cells involved in the generation of RA antibodies. SUMMARY Recent studies identify potential therapeutic approaches for boosting NAD to treat rheumatologic diseases including SSc, RA, and SLE, with particular attention to inhibition of CD38 enzymatic activity as a target. Key future directions in the field include the determination of the cell-type specificity and role of CD38 enzymatic activity versus CD38 structural roles in human diseases, as well as the indicators and potential side effects of CD38-targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Ribeiro Peclat
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Bo Shi
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - John Varga
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Eduardo Nunes Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
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Chesneau M, Mai HL, Danger R, Le Bot S, Nguyen TVH, Bernard J, Poullaouec C, Guerrif P, Conchon S, Giral M, Charreau B, Degauque N, Brouard S. Efficient Expansion of Human Granzyme B–Expressing B Cells with Potent Regulatory Properties. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2391-2401. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Yan L, Liang M, Yang T, Ji J, Jose Kumar Sreena GS, Hou X, Cao M, Feng Z. The Immunoregulatory Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568362. [PMID: 33042149 PMCID: PMC7522347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of cells that regulate the immune response and exert immunosuppressive effects on various immune cells. Current studies indicate that MDSCs have both anti-inflammatory effects and proinflammatory effects on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and RA animal models. MDSCs inhibit CD4+ T cells, which secrete proinflammatory factors such as IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α, by inhibiting iNOS, ROS, and IFN-γ and promoting the production of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. MDSCs can suppress dendritic cells by reducing MHC-II and CD86 expression, expand Treg cells in vitro through the action of IL-10, inhibit B cells through NO and PGE2, and promote Th17 cell responses by secreting IL-1β. As a type of osteoclast precursor cell, MDSCs can differentiate into osteoclasts through activation of the NF-κB pathway via IL-1α. Overall, our study reviews the research progress related to MDSCs in RA, focusing on the effects of MDSCs on various types of cells and aiming to provide ideas to help reveal the important role of MDSCs in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yan
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Mingge Liang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Tong Yang
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jinyu Ji
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | | | - Xiaoqiang Hou
- The Institute of Rheumatology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Meiqun Cao
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhitao Feng
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- The Institute of Rheumatology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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Sun B, Ramberger M, O'Connor KC, Bashford-Rogers RJM, Irani SR. The B cell immunobiology that underlies CNS autoantibody-mediated diseases. Nat Rev Neurol 2020; 16:481-492. [PMID: 32724223 PMCID: PMC9364389 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-020-0381-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A rapidly expanding and clinically distinct group of CNS diseases are caused by pathogenic autoantibodies that target neuroglial surface proteins. Despite immunotherapy, patients with these neuroglial surface autoantibody (NSAb)-mediated diseases often experience clinical relapse, high rates of long-term morbidity and adverse effects from the available medications. Fundamentally, the autoantigen-specific B cell lineage leads to production of the pathogenic autoantibodies. These autoantigen-specific B cells have been consistently identified in the circulation of patients with NSAb-mediated diseases, accompanied by high serum levels of autoantigen-specific antibodies. Early evidence suggests that these cells evade well-characterized B cell tolerance checkpoints. Nearer to the site of pathology, cerebrospinal fluid from patients with NSAb-mediated diseases contains high levels of autoantigen-specific B cells that are likely to account for the intrathecal synthesis of these autoantibodies. The characteristics of their immunoglobulin genes offer insights into the underlying immunobiology. In this Review, we summarize the emerging knowledge of B cells across the NSAb-mediated diseases. We review the evidence for the relative contributions of germinal centres and long-lived plasma cells as sources of autoantibodies, discuss data that indicate migration of B cells into the CNS and summarize insights into the underlying B cell pathogenesis that are provided by therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Melanie Ramberger
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin C O'Connor
- Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | | | - Sarosh R Irani
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Bar-Or A, Calkwood JC, Chognot C, Evershed J, Fox EJ, Herman A, Manfrini M, McNamara J, Robertson DS, Stokmaier D, Wendt JK, Winthrop KL, Traboulsee A. Effect of ocrelizumab on vaccine responses in patients with multiple sclerosis: The VELOCE study. Neurology 2020; 95:e1999-e2008. [PMID: 32727835 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The phase IIIb A Study to Evaluate the Effects of Ocrelizumab on Immune Responses in Participants With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis (VELOCE) study (NCT02545868) assessed responses to selected vaccines in ocrelizumab (OCR)-treated patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. METHODS Patients were randomized 2:1 into the OCR group (n = 68; OCR 600 mg) or control group (n = 34; interferon beta or no disease-modifying therapy). All received tetanus toxoid (TT)-containing vaccine, Pneumovax (23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine [23-PPV]), and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The OCR group was subdivided into OCR1 (n = 33) and OCR2 (n = 35) at randomization. The OCR1 group received Prevnar (13-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine) 4 weeks after 23-PPV; the OCR2 and control groups received influenza vaccine. Vaccinations started 12 weeks after OCR initiation (OCR group) or on day 1 (control group). RESULTS Positive response rate to TT vaccine at 8 weeks was 23.9% in the OCR vs 54.5% in the control group. Positive response rate to ≥5 serotypes in 23-PPV at 4 weeks was 71.6% in the OCR and 100% in the control group. Prevnar did not enhance response to pneumococcal serotypes in common with Pneumovax. Humoral response to KLH was decreased in the OCR vs control group. Seroprotection rates at 4 weeks against 5 influenza strains ranged from 55.6% to 80.0% in the OCR2 group and 75.0% to 97.0% in the control group. CONCLUSION Peripherally B-cell-depleted OCR recipients mounted attenuated humoral responses to clinically relevant vaccines and the neoantigen KLH, suggesting that use of standard nonlive vaccines while on OCR treatment remains a consideration. For seasonal influenza vaccines, it is recommended to vaccinate patients on OCR because a potentially protective humoral response, even if attenuated, can be expected. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence confirming that the humoral response to nonlive vaccines in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after OCR treatment is attenuated compared with untreated or interferon beta-treated patients, but they can still be expected to be protective. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT02545868.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bar-Or
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Jonathan C Calkwood
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cathy Chognot
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joanna Evershed
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Edward J Fox
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ann Herman
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marianna Manfrini
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada
| | - John McNamara
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Derrick S Robertson
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Daniela Stokmaier
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jeanette K Wendt
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kevin L Winthrop
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony Traboulsee
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics (A.B.-O.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The Minneapolis Clinic of Neurology (J.C.C.), MN; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd (C.C., J.E., M.M., D.S.), Basel, Switzerland; Central Texas Neurology Consultants (E.J.F.), Round Rock; Genentech, Inc (A.H.), South San Francisco, CA; John McNamara Consulting Ltd (J.M.), Cambridge, UK; Department of Neurology (D.S.R.), Multiple Sclerosis Division, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa; Territory Neurology and Research Institution (J.K.W.), Tucson, AZ; Division of Infectious Diseases (K.L.W.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; and University of British Columbia (A.T.), Vancouver, Canada
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Extracellular Vesicles Mediate B Cell Immune Response and Are a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061518. [PMID: 32580358 PMCID: PMC7349483 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly understood to participate directly in many essential aspects of host antitumor immune response. Tumor- and immune-cell-derived EVs function in local and systemic contexts with roles in immune processes including cancer antigen conveyance, immune cell priming and activation, as well as immune escape. Current practice of cancer immunotherapy has de facto focused on eliciting T-cell-mediated cytotoxic responses. Humoral immunity is also known to exert antitumor effects, and B cells have been demonstrated to have functions that extend beyond antibody production to include antigen presentation and activation and modulation of T cells and innate immune effectors. Evidence of B cell response against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) is observed in early stages of tumorigenesis and in most solid tumor types. It is known that EVs convey diverse TAAs, express antigenic-peptide-loaded MHCs, and complex with circulating plasma antitumoral autoantibodies. In this review, we will consider the relationships between EVs, B cells, and other antigen-presenting cells, especially in relation to TAAs. Understanding the intersection of EVs and the cancer immunome will enable opportunities for developing tumor antigen targets, antitumor vaccines and harnessing the full potential of multiple immune system components for next-generation cancer immunotherapies.
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Infectious Complications of Biological and Small Molecule Targeted Immunomodulatory Therapies. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 33:33/3/e00035-19. [PMID: 32522746 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00035-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The past 2 decades have seen a revolution in our approach to therapeutic immunosuppression. We have moved from relying on broadly active traditional medications, such as prednisolone or methotrexate, toward more specific agents that often target a single receptor, cytokine, or cell type, using monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, or targeted small molecules. This change has transformed the treatment of many conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, cancers, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease, but along with the benefits have come risks. Contrary to the hope that these more specific agents would have minimal and predictable infectious sequelae, infectious complications have emerged as a major stumbling block for many of these agents. Furthermore, the growing number and complexity of available biologic agents makes it difficult for clinicians to maintain current knowledge, and most review articles focus on a particular target disease or class of agent. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge about infectious complications of biologic and small molecule immunomodulatory agents, aiming to create a single resource relevant to a broad range of clinicians and researchers. For each of 19 classes of agent, we discuss the mechanism of action, the risk and types of infectious complications, and recommendations for prevention of infection.
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31
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Stratigopoulou M, van Dam TP, Guikema JEJ. Base Excision Repair in the Immune System: Small DNA Lesions With Big Consequences. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1084. [PMID: 32547565 PMCID: PMC7272602 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the genome is under constant threat of environmental and endogenous agents that cause DNA damage. Endogenous damage is particularly pervasive, occurring at an estimated rate of 10,000–30,000 per cell/per day, and mostly involves chemical DNA base lesions caused by oxidation, depurination, alkylation, and deamination. The base excision repair (BER) pathway is primary responsible for removing and repairing these small base lesions that would otherwise lead to mutations or DNA breaks during replication. Next to preventing DNA mutations and damage, the BER pathway is also involved in mutagenic processes in B cells during immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM), which are instigated by uracil (U) lesions derived from activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity. BER is required for the processing of AID-induced lesions into DNA double strand breaks (DSB) that are required for CSR, and is of pivotal importance for determining the mutagenic outcome of uracil lesions during SHM. Although uracils are generally efficiently repaired by error-free BER, this process is surprisingly error-prone at the Ig loci in proliferating B cells. Breakdown of this high-fidelity process outside of the Ig loci has been linked to mutations observed in B-cell tumors and DNA breaks and chromosomal translocations in activated B cells. Next to its role in preventing cancer, BER has also been implicated in immune tolerance. Several defects in BER components have been associated with autoimmune diseases, and animal models have shown that BER defects can cause autoimmunity in a B-cell intrinsic and extrinsic fashion. In this review we discuss the contribution of BER to genomic integrity in the context of immune receptor diversification, cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stratigopoulou
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tijmen P van Dam
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen E J Guikema
- Department of Pathology, Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Xiang L, Liu A, Xu G. Expression of XBP1s in B lymphocytes is critical for pristane-induced lupus nephritis in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1258-F1270. [PMID: 32249615 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00472.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B lymphocyte hyperactivity plays a pathogenic role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and spliced X box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s) has been implicated in B cell maturation and differentiation. We hypothesized that blockade of the XBP1s pathway inhibits the B cell hyperactivity underlying SLE and lupus nephritis (LN) development. In the present study, we systematically evaluated the changes in B cell activation induced by the Xbp1 splicing inhibitor STF083010 in a pristane-induced lupus mouse model. The lupus mouse model was successfully established, as indicated by the presence of LN with markedly increased urine protein levels, renal deposition of Ig, and mesangial cell proliferation. In lupus mice, B cell hyperactivity was confirmed by increased CD40 and B cell-activating factor levels. B cell activation and plasma cell overproduction were determined by increases in CD40-positive and CD138-positive cells in the spleens of lupus mice by flow cytometry and further confirmed by CD45R and Ig light chain staining in the splenic tissues of lupus mice. mRNA and protein expression of XBP1s in B cells was assessed by real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence analysis and was increased in lupus mice. In addition, almost all changes were reversed by STF083010 treatment. However, the expression of XBP1s in the kidneys did not change when mice were exposed to pristane and STF083010. Taken together, these findings suggest that expression of XBP1s in B cells plays key roles in SLE and LN development. Blockade of the XBP1s pathway may be a potential strategy for SLE and LN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
| | - An Liu
- Outpatient Department, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoshuang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, China
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Truman LA, Bentley KL, Ruddle NH. Lymphotoxin targeted to salivary and lacrimal glands induces tertiary lymphoid organs and cervical lymphadenopathy and reduces tear production. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:418-425. [PMID: 32012252 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of lymphotoxin (LT) in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and in mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-lymphoma, we made transgenic mice (Amy1-LTαβ) that targeted LTα and LTβ to the salivary and lacrimal glands. Amy1-LTαβ mice developed atrophic salivary and lacrimal glands that contained tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) and had reduced tear production. Amy1-LTαβ mice developed cervical lymphadenopathy but not MALT-lymphoma. TLO formation in the salivary and lacrimal glands of Amy1-LTαβ was not sufficient to induce autoimmunity as measured by autoantibody titres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Truman
- ENT Department, West Suffolk Hospital, Hardwick Lane, Bury St Edmunds, UK.,Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
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Adverse events and monitoring requirements associated with monoclonal antibody therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-019-00682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Autoantibodies as Diagnostic Markers and Mediator of Joint Inflammation in Arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6363086. [PMID: 31772505 PMCID: PMC6854956 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6363086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic, polygenic, and multifactorial syndrome characterized by erosive polyarthritis, damage to joint architecture, and presence of autoantibodies against several self-structures in the serum and synovial fluid. These autoantibodies (anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPAs), rheumatoid factors (RF), anticollagen type II antibodies, antiglucose-6 phosphate isomerase antibodies, anticarbamylated protein antibodies, and antiacetylated protein antibodies) have different characteristics, diagnostic/prognostic value, and pathological significance in RA patients. Some of these antibodies are present in the patients' serum several years before the onset of clinical disease. Various genetic and environmental factors are associated with autoantibody production against different autoantigenic targets. Both the activating and inhibitory FcγRs and the activation of different complement cascades contribute to the downstream effector functions in the antibody-mediated disease pathology. Interplay between several molecules (cytokines, chemokines, proteases, and inflammatory mediators) culminates in causing damage to the articular cartilage and bones. In addition, autoantibodies are proven to be useful disease markers for RA, and different diagnostic tools are being developed for early diagnosis of the clinical disease. Recently, a direct link was proposed between the presence of autoantibodies and bone erosion as well as in the induction of pain. In this review, the diagnostic value of autoantibodies, their synthesis and function as a mediator of joint inflammation, and the significance of IgG-Fc glycosylation are discussed.
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Alivernini S, Tolusso B, Fedele AL, Di Mario C, Ferraccioli G, Gremese E. The B side of rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104465. [PMID: 31574298 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, a dramatic amount of research has been performedincreasing the knowledge about the biological mechanism underpinning Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) inflammation, putting B lymphocytes in the center of RA pathogenesis. Nowadays, B cell phenotypes and autoantibodies positivity arose as important biomarkers in early and long-standing disease. Moreover, comparative analysis of peripheral blood and synovial tissue compartments enables the identification of novel physiopathological mechanisms promoting inflammation. In this narrative review we will discuss the biological relevance of B cell derived autoimmunity and in RA course, from disease onset to remission achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Alivernini
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Institute of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Tolusso
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Fedele
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Di Mario
- Institute of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Gremese
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Institute of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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The Role of Tumor-Infiltrating B Cells in Tumor Immunity. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:2592419. [PMID: 31662750 PMCID: PMC6778893 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2592419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies on elucidating the role of lymphocytes in tumor immunity predominantly focused on T cells. However, the role of B cells in tumor immunity has increasingly received better attention in recent studies. The B cells that infiltrate tumor tissues are called tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIBs). It is found that TIBs play a multifaceted dual role in regulating tumor immunity rather than just tumor inhibition or promotion. In this article, latest research advances focusing on the relationship between TIBs and tumor complexity are reviewed, and light is shed on some novel ideas for exploiting TIBs as a possible tumor biomarker and potential therapeutic target against tumors.
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Mirioglu S, Caliskan Y, Ozluk Y, Dirim AB, Istemihan Z, Akyildiz A, Yazici H, Turkmen A, Kilicaslan I, Sever MS. Co-Deposition of IgM and C3 May Indicate Unfavorable Renal Outcomes in Adult Patients with Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:961-972. [PMID: 31437846 DOI: 10.1159/000501827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We aimed to investigate the effects of glomerular IgM and C3 deposition on outcomes of adult patients with primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). METHODS In this retrospective analysis, 86 consecutive adult patients with biopsy-proven primary FSGS were stratified into 3 groups according to their histopathological features: IgM- C3-, IgM+ C3-, and IgM+ C3+. Primary outcome was defined as at least a 50% reduction in baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or development of kidney failure, while complete or partial remission rates were secondary outcomes. RESULTS Glomerular IgM deposits were found in 44 (51.1%) patients, 22 (25.5%) of which presented with accompanying C3 deposition. Patients in IgM+ C3+ group had higher level of proteinuria (5.6 g/24 h [3.77-8.5], p = 0.073), higher percentage of segmental glomerulosclerosis (20% [12.3-27.2], p = 0.001), and lower levels of eGFR (69 ± 37.2 mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.029) and serum albumin (2.71 ± 0.85 g/dL, p = 0.045) at the time of diagnosis. Despite 86.3% of patients in IgM+ C3+ group (19/22) received immunosuppressive treatment, the primary outcome was more common in patients in the IgM+ C3+ group compared with patients in IgM+ C3- and IgM- C3- groups (11 [50%] vs. 2 [9%] and 11 [26.1%] respectively [p = 0.010]). Complete or partial remission rates were lower in patients in the IgM+ C3+ group (5/22, 22.7%), as well (p = 0.043). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that IgM and C3 co-deposition was an independent risk factor associated with primary outcome (hazard ratio 3.355, 95% CI 1.349-8.344, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Glomerular IgM and C3 co-deposition is a predictor of unfavorable renal outcomes in adult patients with primary FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safak Mirioglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey,
| | - Yasar Caliskan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Ozluk
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Burak Dirim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zulal Istemihan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arif Akyildiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halil Yazici
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aydin Turkmen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isin Kilicaslan
- Department of Pathology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sukru Sever
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chakraborty D, Pati S, Bose S, Dhar S, Dutta S, Sa G. Cancer immunotherapy: present scenarios and the future of immunotherapy. THE NUCLEUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-019-00273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Korver W, Carsillo M, Yuan J, Idamakanti N, Wagoner M, Shi P, Xia CQ, Smithson G, McLean L, Zalevsky J, Fedyk ER. A Reduction in B, T, and Natural Killer Cells Expressing CD38 by TAK-079 Inhibits the Induction and Progression of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Cynomolgus Monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:182-196. [PMID: 31085699 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.256602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectoenzyme CD38 is increased on lymphocytes in response to an antigenic challenge and it is hypothesized that targeting these activated lymphocytes could ameliorate pathologic activities in autoimmune diseases. The cynomolgus monkey is an appropriate model for assessing potential effects of targeting CD38 in humans because these species exhibit similar expression profiles. TAK-079 is a human monoclonal antibody (IgG1 λ ) that binds to CD38 and lyses bound cells by complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. TAK-079 binds to monkey CD38 with an affinity at EC50 4.5 nM, and the potential activity of TAK-079 was investigated in a monkey collagen-induced arthritis model of autoimmune disease. Prophylactic administration of TAK-079 (3 mg/kg i.v. weekly) was well tolerated and prevented arthritis development compared with vehicle-treated control animals, which exhibited progressive disease with radiographic damage and worsening clinical scores over the study course. Therapeutic treatment of arthritic monkeys with TAK-079 (3 mg/kg i.v. weekly) was also well tolerated and reduced disease progression and symptoms. Arthritis scores and joint swelling were significantly lower than the vehicle control, accompanied by decreases in blood levels of C-reactive protein, alkaline phosphatase, and natural killer, B, and T cells. Histopathology, morphometry, and radiology revealed significantly less joint damage in animals exposed prophylactically to TAK-079 treatment compared with vehicle-treated animals and significantly less damage in animals treated therapeutically with TAK-079 or dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg oral gavage daily), illustrating potential disease-modifying activity. In conclusion, these data indicate that depletion of CD38-expressing cells could be a therapeutic mechanism for treating autoimmune diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study demonstrates that targeting CD38-expressing leukocytes with a cytolytic antibody can ameliorate autoimmune disease in cynomolgus monkeys. The study gives a unique perspective into this therapeutic strategy because the three other anti-CD38 cytolytic antibodies in clinical development (daratumumab, isatuximab, and MOR202) cannot be tested in similar models because they do not crossreact with CD38 expressed by new world primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Korver
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mary Carsillo
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Josh Yuan
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Matthew Wagoner
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Pu Shi
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Cindy Q Xia
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Lachy McLean
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Eric R Fedyk
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Abstract
B cells are essential to the adaptive immune system for providing the humoral immunity against cohorts of pathogens. The presentation of antigen to the B cell receptor (BCR) leads to the initiation of B cell activation, which is a process sensitive to the stiffness features of the substrates presenting the antigens. Mechanosensing of the B cells, potentiated through BCR signaling and the adhesion molecules, efficiently regulates B cell activation, proliferation and subsequent antibody responses. Defects in sensing of the antigen-presenting substrates can lead to the activation of autoreactive B cells in autoimmune diseases. The use of high-resolution, high-speed live-cell imaging along with the sophisticated biophysical materials, has uncovered the mechanisms underlying the initiation of B cell activation within seconds of its engagement with the antigen presenting substrates. In this chapter, we reviewed studies that have contributed to uncover the molecular mechanisms of B cell mechanosensing during the initiation of B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Shaheen
- Center for life sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengpeng Wan
- Center for life sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kabeer Haneef
- Center for life sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyue Zeng
- Center for life sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Jing
- Center for life sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanli Liu
- Center for life sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Key Lab for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Regulatory and Effector B Cells: A New Path Toward Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets to Improve Transplant Outcomes? Clin Lab Med 2018; 39:15-29. [PMID: 30709503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
B cells shape the alloimmune response through polarized subsets. These cells inhibit or promote immune responses by expressing suppressive or proinflammatory cytokines. Their summed activity dictates the influence of B cells on the alloimmune response. We review the evidence for regulatory B cells and effector B cells in mice and humans, discuss current limitations in their phenotypic identification, and discuss regulatory B cells as a signature for clinical renal allograft tolerance and predictive markers for allograft outcomes. We discuss the effects of therapeutic agents on regulatory B cells and potential approaches to augment their numbers as a therapeutic tool.
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Crayne CB, Eloseily E, Mannion ML, Azerf SP, Weiser P, Beukelman T, Stoll ML, Feig DI, Prescott Atkinson T, Cron RQ. Rituximab treatment for chronic steroid-dependent Henoch-Schonlein purpura: 8 cases and a review of the literature. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2018; 16:71. [PMID: 30428889 PMCID: PMC6236882 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-018-0285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a small vessel vasculitis that is characterized by non-thrombocytopenic purpura, abdominal pain, arthritis, and glomerulonephritis. Typically, HSP is self-limited requiring only supportive care, but more severe cases may require corticosteroid (CS) treatment. Rarely, a subset of these patients has persistent rash, arthritis, abdominal involvement, or renal disease despite treatment with CS, or has disease recurrence on CS tapering. Refractory HSP has been effectively treated with a variety of CS sparing therapies. For life-threatening refractory HSP, the B cell depleting agent, rituximab (RTX), has been reported as beneficial for children with substantial renal or central nervous system involvement. However, RTX use for children with less severe HSP, but chronic CS dependent disease refractory to CS sparing immunomodulatory agents, has been less well explored. Herein, we describe 8 children treated with RTX for chronic refractory HSP and report a reduction in recurrent hospitalizations and eventual CS discontinuation. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of eight children who were treated with RTX for chronic CS dependent HSP during the years 2006-2014 at a single institution. A chart review of the electronic medical record was performed to determine the presenting symptoms, the type and duration of treatment received, and the number of hospitalizations prior to and after RTX. The number of hospitalizations and oral corticosteroid burden were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. RESULTS Prior to receiving RTX, seven patients had at least one hospitalization for HSP (median 1.5, range 0-3). Following RTX, only two patients were hospitalized, each a single time for recurrent abdominal pain. The median oral CS burden was 0.345 mg/kg/day before RTX and 0 mg/kg/day at 6 months (p = 0.078), 1 year (p = 0.0625), and 2 years (p = 0.03) following RTX infusion. Seven out of eight children met remission criteria, defined as no active rash, arthritis, nephritis (hematuria and proteinuria), or gastrointestinal distress following RTX. No serious adverse events were noted. CONCLUSION Overall, RTX effectively reduced the number of hospital admissions and oral CS burden. RTX also helped most all children achieve clinical remission. RTX appears to be an effective and safe alternative for chronic CS dependent and immunomodulatory refractory childhood HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney B. Crayne
- 0000000106344187grid.265892.2Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave S, CPPN G10, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Esraa Eloseily
- 0000000106344187grid.265892.2Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave S, CPPN G10, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Melissa L. Mannion
- 0000000106344187grid.265892.2Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave S, CPPN G10, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Saji P. Azerf
- 0000000106344187grid.265892.2School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 510 20th St S, #12, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Peter Weiser
- 0000000106344187grid.265892.2Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave S, CPPN G10, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Timothy Beukelman
- 0000000106344187grid.265892.2Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave S, CPPN G10, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Matthew L. Stoll
- 0000000106344187grid.265892.2Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave S, CPPN G10, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Daniel I. Feig
- 0000000106344187grid.265892.2Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave S, ACC 516, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - T. Prescott Atkinson
- 0000000106344187grid.265892.2Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave S, CPPN M20, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - Randy Quentin Cron
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1600 7th Ave S, CPPN G10, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
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In Silico Analysis of Synaptonemal Complex Protein 1 (SYCP1) and Acrosin Binding Protein (ACRBP) Antigens to Design Novel Multiepitope Peptide Cancer Vaccine Against Breast Cancer. Int J Pept Res Ther 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-018-9780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Gomez Mendez LM, Cascino MD, Garg J, Katsumoto TR, Brakeman P, Dall’Era M, Looney RJ, Rovin B, Dragone L, Brunetta P. Peripheral Blood B Cell Depletion after Rituximab and Complete Response in Lupus Nephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13:1502-1509. [PMID: 30089664 PMCID: PMC6218830 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.01070118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Incomplete peripheral blood B cell depletion after rituximab in lupus nephritis might correlate with inability to reduce tubulointerstitial lymphoid aggregates in the kidney, which together could be responsible for inadequate response to treatment. We utilized data from the Lupus Nephritis Assessment with Rituximab (LUNAR) study to characterize the variability of peripheral blood B cell depletion after rituximab and assess its association with complete response in patients with lupus nephritis. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We analyzed 68 participants treated with rituximab. Peripheral blood B cell depletion was defined as 0 cells/µl, termed "complete peripheral depletion," assessed over 78 weeks. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between characteristics of complete peripheral depletion and complete response (defined as urine protein-to-creatinine ratio <0.5 mg/mg, and normal serum creatinine or an increase in creatinine <15%, if normal at baseline), assessed at week 78. RESULTS A total of 53 (78%) participants achieved complete peripheral depletion (0 cells/µl) in a median time of 182 days (interquartile range, 80-339).The median duration of complete peripheral depletion was 71 days (interquartile range, 14-158). Twenty-five (47%) participants with complete peripheral depletion achieved complete response, compared with two (13%) without. Complete peripheral depletion was associated with complete response (unadjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.8; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.2 to 28; P=0.03). Longer time to achieving complete peripheral depletion was associated with a lower likelihood of complete response (unadjusted OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.98; P=0.02). Complete peripheral depletion lasting >71 days (the median) was associated with complete response (unadjusted OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.5 to 11; P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS There was substantial variability in peripheral blood B cell depletion in patients with lupus nephritis treated with rituximab from the LUNAR trial. Achievement of complete peripheral depletion, as well as the rapidity and duration of complete peripheral depletion, were associated with complete response at week 78. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2018_09_06_CJASNPodcast_18_10_.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jay Garg
- Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, California
| | | | - Paul Brakeman
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Maria Dall’Era
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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B cells and antibody production in melanoma. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:790-805. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Bruscoli S, Sorcini D, Flamini S, Gagliardi A, Adamo F, Ronchetti S, Migliorati G, Bereshchenko O, Riccardi C. Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper Inhibits Interferon-Gamma Production in B Cells and Suppresses Colitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1720. [PMID: 30083167 PMCID: PMC6064738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) is transcriptionally upregulated by glucocorticoids (GCs) and mediates many of the anti-inflammatory effects of GCs. Since B cell activity has been linked to cytokine production and modulation of inflammatory responses, we herein investigated the role of GILZ in B cells during colitis development. B cell-specific gilz knock-out (gilz B cKO) mice exhibited increased production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ in B cells, and consequently CD4+ T cell activation. Increased IFN-γ production in B cells was associated with enhanced transcriptional activity of the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) on the IFN-γ promoter. Moreover, GILZ deficiency in B cells was linked to enhanced susceptibility to experimental colitis in mice, and this was reversed by administering GILZ protein. Interestingly, we observed increased production of IFN-γ in both B and T cells infiltrating the lamina propria (LP) of gilz B cKO mice. Together, these findings indicate that GILZ controls IFN-γ production in B cells, which also affects T cell activity, and increased production of IFN-γ by B and T cells in LP is associated with predisposition to inflammatory colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bruscoli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Sorcini
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Flamini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Gagliardi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Adamo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Ronchetti
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Graziella Migliorati
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oxana Bereshchenko
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlo Riccardi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Wu XZ, Shi XY, Zhai K, Yi FS, Wang Z, Wang W, Pei XB, Xu LL, Wang Z, Shi HZ. Activated naïve B cells promote development of malignant pleural effusion by differential regulation of T H1 and T H17 response. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L443-L455. [PMID: 29847991 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00120.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory signaling networks between tumor cells and immune cells contribute to the development of malignant pleural effusion (MPE). B cells have been found in MPE; however, little is known about their roles there. In the present study, by using mouse MPE models, we noted that although the total B cells in MPE were decreased as compared with the corresponding blood and spleen, the percentage of activated naïve B cells expressing higher levels of CD80, CD86, myosin heavy chain-II, CD44, CD69, and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) molecules were increased in wild-type mouse MPE. Compared with wild-type mice, decreased T helper (TH)1 cells and increased TH17 cells were present in B cell-deficient mouse MPE, which paralleled to the reduced MPE volume and longer survival time. Adoptive transfer of activated naïve B cells into B cell-deficient mice was able to increase TH1 cells and decrease TH17 cells in MPE and shorten the survival of mice bearing MPE. Furthermore, we demonstrated that activated naïve B cells inhibited TH17-cell expansion via the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and promoted naïve CD4+ T-cell differentiation into TH1/TH17 cells through secreting IL-27/IL-6 independent of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Collectively, our data uncovered a mechanism by which naïve B cells promote MPE formation by regulating TH1/TH17 cell responses, making these B cells an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Zhi Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xin-Yu Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Kan Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Feng-Shuang Yi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Xue-Bin Pei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
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Integrative analysis reveals CD38 as a therapeutic target for plasma cell-rich pre-disease and established rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:85. [PMID: 29720240 PMCID: PMC5932888 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmablasts and plasma cells play a key role in many autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of targeting CD38 as a plasma cell/plasmablast depletion mechanism by daratumumab in the treatment of patients with RA and SLE. Methods RNA-sequencing analysis of synovial biopsies from various stages of RA disease progression, flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with RA or SLE and healthy donors, immunohistochemistry assessment (IHC) of synovial biopsies from patients with early RA, and ex vivo immune cell depletion assays using daratumumab (an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody) were used to assess CD38 as a therapeutic target. Results We demonstrated that the plasma cell/plasmablast-related genes CD38, XBP1, IRF4, PRDM1, IGJ and TNFSF13B are significantly up-regulated in synovial biopsies from patients with arthralgia, undifferentiated arthritis (UA), early RA and established RA as compared to healthy controls and control patients with osteoarthritis. In addition, the highest CD38 expression was observed on plasma cells and plasmablasts compared to natural killer (NK) cells, classical dendritic cells (DCs), plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and T cells, in blood from healthy controls and patients with SLE and RA. Furthermore, IHC showed CD38 staining in the same region as CD3 and CD138 staining in synovial tissue biopsies from patients with early RA. Most importantly, our data show for the first time that daratumumab effectively depletes plasma cells/plasmablasts in PBMC from patients with SLE and RA in a dose-dependent manner ex vivo. Conclusion These results indicate that CD38 may be a potential target for RA disease interception and daratumumab should be evaluated clinically for the treatment of both RA and SLE. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1578-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Lu Y, Li B, Shen Q, Wang R, Chen Z, Jiang H, Chen J. Effects of CD20+ B-cell infiltration into allografts on kidney transplantation outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37935-37941. [PMID: 28415773 PMCID: PMC5514963 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of CD20+ B-cell infiltration during acute rejection on graft outcomes are controversial. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to clarify this issue. We performed a systematic literature search for studies published up to January 14, 2016. A total of 5 studies, with 200 patients, were included. The presence of CD20+ B cells in renal biopsies during allograft rejection was associated with graft loss and steroid resistance. No association of CD20+ B-cell infiltration with C4d-positive staining of the peritubular capillaries in renal biopsies was found in the analysis of patients who experienced kidney graft rejection. In conclusion, CD 20+ B cell infiltration during allograft rejection was associated with an increased risk of graft loss and steroid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lu
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Bingjue Li
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Qixia Shen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Rending Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, P.R. China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003, P.R. China
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