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Su P, Su Y, Jia X, Han H, Li W, Ying H. Abnormal maternal apolipoprotein levels during pregnancy are risk factors for preterm birth in women with dichorionic twin pregnancies: A retrospective study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 298:158-164. [PMID: 38761531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In singleton-pregnant women, abnormal maternal apolipoprotein levels have been confirmed as a risk factor for preterm birth. However, there are currently no studies on the relationship of the related research in twin-pregnant women. METHODS This single-center retrospective study included 743 dichorionic twin-pregnant women who delivered between January 2019 and December 2020. Twins delivered before 37 weeks gestation were categorized as the preterm group, while those delivered at or after 37 weeks gestation were classified as the term group. Maternal serum apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) levels, apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels, and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio were measured in the first trimester(6-14 weeks), the second trimester(18-28 weeks) and the third trimester(after 28 weeks). We conducted SPSS analysis to evaluate the correlation between ApoA1 levels, ApoB levels, the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and preterm birth. RESULTS Among the 743 included dichorionic twin-pregnant women, 53.57 % (398/743) delivered preterm. Compared with the term group, the ApoA1 levels in the third trimester were lower (p < 0.001), while the Apo B/ApoA1 ratio was higher in the second (p = 0.01) and third trimesters in the preterm group (p = 0.001). When preterm birth was categorized as iatrogenic and spontaneous preterm birth, the results were similar. In the analysis stratified by prepregnancy BMI, a higher risk of preterm birth was associated with low ApoA1 levels and a high Apo B/ApoA1 ratio in the second and third trimesters only among the subgroup of overweight/obese dichorionic twin-pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS Low ApoA1 levels and a high Apo B/ApoA1 ratio during the second and third trimesters were associated with a high incidence of preterm birth for overweight/obese dichorionic twin-pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Su
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Su
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrui Jia
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Han
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Ying
- Department of Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Sheikhy A, Fallahzadeh A, Sadeghian S, Pashang M, Karimi AA, Bagheri J, Ahmadi‐Tafti H, Hosseini K. A realistic approach to evaluating the effect of baseline lipid profile in postcoronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Clin Cardiol 2023; 46:1408-1417. [PMID: 37594287 PMCID: PMC10642323 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are still many uncertainties in the association between lipid profile and postcoronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) outcomes. Although simplifying the association to linear equations makes it understandable but cannot explain many findings. HYPOTHESIS There is a nonlinear associatin between lipid profile indices and adverse outcomes after CABG. METHODS A total of 17 555 patients who underwent isolated CABG between 2005 and 2016 were evaluated. During the median follow-up of 75.24 months, the Restricted Cubic Splines (RCS) estimated from the Cox regression model adjusted for all possible confounders was applied to show a nonlinear relationship of lipid profile contents with the "ln hazard ratio" of mortality and major cerebro-cardiac events (MACCE). RESULTS The relationship between LDL-C and HDL-C with all-cause mortality was nonlinear (nonlinear p were .004 and <.001, respectively). The relationship between remnant cholesterol and all-cause mortality was linear (linearity p = .023). Among men, those in the highest LDL-C level (Q4, LDL-C > 114) and those in the lowest HDL-C level (Q1, HDL-C < 30) showed a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to other groups (compared with Q3, LDL-C Q4, HR = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.02-1.26, p = .014; HDL-C Q1, HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.31, p = .041). Female patients in the lowest HDL-C level (Q1, HDL-C < 30) showed a significantly higher (compared with Q3, HR = 1.14, 95% CI:1.01-1.31, p = .028) and those in the highest HDL-C level (Q4, HDL-C > 43) showed a significantly lower (compared with Q3, HR = 0.74, 95% CI:0.58-0.98, p = .019) risk of all-cause mortality. CONCLUSION Determining a universal cut off for components of lipid profile may be misleading and should better be revised. Extreme values (very low or very high) for HDL-C and LDL-C have different effects on cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sheikhy
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Non‐Communicable Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Aida Fallahzadeh
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Non‐Communicable Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Saeed Sadeghian
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mina Pashang
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Abbas Ali Karimi
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Jamshid Bagheri
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hossein Ahmadi‐Tafti
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Kaveh Hosseini
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Chen RX, Jiang WJ, Liu SC, Wang ZY, Wang ZB, Zhou T, Chen YAL, Wang JF, Chang J, Wang YR, Zhang YD, Wang XH, Li XC, Li CX. Apolipoprotein A-1 protected hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury through suppressing macrophage pyroptosis via TLR4-NF-κB pathway. Liver Int 2023; 43:234-248. [PMID: 36203339 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1), the major apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein, plays anti-atherogenic role in cardiovascular diseases and exerts anti-inflammation effect in various inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, the role and mechanism of ApoA-1 in hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is unknown. METHODS In this study, we measured ApoA-1 expression in human liver grafts after transplantation. Mice partial hepatic I/R injury model was made in ApoA-1 knockout mice, ApoA-1 mimetic peptide D-4F treatment mice and corresponding control mice to examine the effect of ApoA-1 on liver damage, inflammation response and cell death. Primary hepatocytes and macrophages were isolated for in vitro study. RESULTS The results showed that ApoA-1 expression was down-regulated in human liver grafts after transplantation and mice livers subjected to hepatic I/R injury. ApoA-1 deficiency aggravated liver damage and inflammation response induced by hepatic I/R injury. Interestingly, we found that ApoA-1 deficiency increased pyroptosis instead of apoptosis during acute phase of hepatic I/R injury, which mainly occurred in macrophages rather than hepatocytes. The inhibition of pyroptosis compensated for the adverse impact of ApoA-1 deficiency. Furthermore, the up-regulated pyroptosis process was testified to be mediated by ApoA-1 through TLR4-NF-κB pathway and TLR4 inhibition significantly improved hepatic I/R injury. In addition, we confirmed that D-4F ameliorated hepatic I/R injury. CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified the protective role of ApoA-1 in hepatic I/R injury through inhibiting pyroptosis in macrophages via TLR4-NF-κB pathway. The effect of ApoA-1 may provide a novel therapeutic approach for hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xiang Chen
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wang-Jie Jiang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo-Chen Liu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Yi Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-An-Lan Chen
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ji-Fei Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Rui Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao-Dong Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Hao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Cheng Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang-Xian Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
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Dabour N, Elsaadany K, Shoukry E, Hamdy S, Taïbi A, Kheadr E. The ability of yoghurt supplemented with dietary fibers or brans extracted from wheat or rice to reduce serum lipids and enhance liver function in male hypercholesterolemic rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14499. [PMID: 36484237 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of yoghurt supplementation with rice and wheat brans or dietary fibers on serum lipid profile, liver, and heart functionalities, and hepatopathological aspects of the liver of hypercholesterolemic rats. 48 male rats were divided into 8 groups. Group 1 was kept as negative control and fed with a standard diet, and groups 2 to 6 were fed a hypercholesterolemia-induced diet supplemented with brans or dietary fibers of both grains. G2 received yoghurt without supplementation. The experiment lasted for 4 weeks. Results revealed that hypercholesterolemic rats administrated yoghurt supplemented with brans or dietary fibers reduced serum glucose from 113.9 ± 2.72 to 85.5 ± 4.94 in the serum of animals that received dietary fibers of rice and wheat, respectively. In addition, lipids profile and liver antioxidant status were improved. In addition, liver and heart functionalities and liver histopathological architecture were all improved depending on the type of administrated brans or fibers added to yoghurt. The inclusion of 0.5% of rice or wheat brans could be recommended to be added to yoghurt. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Yoghurt is the most famous fermented milk in the world. Supplementation of yoghurt with rice and wheat brans or dietary fibers increased its nutritional value. We proved that this new product contributes to reducing serum glucose, improving lipids profile, and enhancing liver and heart functions in hypercholesterolemic rats. This study confirmed the suitability to add a thesis type of brans or dietary fibers as bioactive ingredients to yoghurt and increased the varieties of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassra Dabour
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory (FFNL), Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khaled Elsaadany
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory (FFNL), Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Enaam Shoukry
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory (FFNL), Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Saeed Hamdy
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory (FFNL), Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amel Taïbi
- Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ehab Kheadr
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory (FFNL), Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Association of lipid profile with obesity among breast cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:66. [PMID: 35918691 PMCID: PMC9344652 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of lipid metabolism in obesity and cancer manifestations cannot be underestimated, but whether alterations in lipid metabolism can manipulate the vasculature to promote obesity among breast cancer (BC) survivors is yet to be clearly understood. This study quantified plasma lipid and particle sizes using high-throughput proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and tested their associations with obesity among breast cancer (BC) survivors. Methods A total of 348 (225 premenopausal and 123 postmenopausal) BC survivors enrolled from five hospitals in Korea were included. We assessed thirty-four plasma lipid biomarkers using 1H NMR, and obesity status was defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or greater. Generalized linear and logistic regression models were applied to estimate the least-square means of BMI (kg/m2) and odds ratio (OR)s of obesity, respectively, and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI)s across plasma lipid levels. Results Mean (SD) values of BMI was 23.3 (3.2) kg/m2 and 90 (25.9%) had BMI of ≥ 25 kg/m2. BMI levels increased with increasing total triglycerides (TG), TG in lipoproteins and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) subfractions. However, BMI levels decreased with increasing tertiles of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (C) and HDL particle size (HDL-p). Similar associations were observed in the logistic regression models. The increasing and decreasing BMI trends with TG and HDL profiles respectively were predominantly limited to premenopausal BC survivors. Conclusions Increasing levels of plasma total TG and TG in lipoproteins were associated with increasing levels of BMI among premenopausal BC survivors. High HDL-C levels and large HDL-p were inversely associated with obesity among premenopausal BC survivors. Due to the cross-sectional design of this study, longitudinal studies are necessary to examine the association between obesity and lipid profile among BC survivors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01674-2.
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Liu D, Ji J, Li J, Shaikh F, Ye M. Lipid‐lowering effect of extracellular polyphenol extracts from
Lachnum singerianum
in high‐fat‐diet‐fed mice. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei, Anhui, 230009 China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Anqing Vocational and Technical College 99 North of Tianzhushan Road, Anqing 246003 Anhui China
| | - Jing Ji
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei, Anhui, 230009 China
| | - Jinglei Li
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei, Anhui, 230009 China
| | - Farnaz Shaikh
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei, Anhui, 230009 China
| | - Ming Ye
- College of Biotechnology and Food Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei, Anhui, 230009 China
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Stadler JT, Marsche G. Dietary Strategies to Improve Cardiovascular Health: Focus on Increasing High-Density Lipoprotein Functionality. Front Nutr 2021; 8:761170. [PMID: 34881279 PMCID: PMC8646038 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.761170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with increasing incidence. A cornerstone of cardiovascular disease prevention is lifestyle modification through dietary changes to influence various risk factors such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes. The effects of diet on cardiovascular health are complex. Some dietary components and metabolites directly affect the composition and structure of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and increase anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective properties. HDLs are composed of distinct subpopulations of particles of varying size and composition that have several dynamic and context-dependent functions. The identification of potential dietary components that improve HDL functionality is currently an important research goal. One of the best-studied diets for cardiovascular health is the Mediterranean diet, consisting of fish, olive oil, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes/nuts, and moderate consumption of alcohol, most commonly red wine. The Mediterranean diet, especially when supplemented with extra virgin olive oil rich in phenolic compounds, has been shown to markedly improve metrics of HDL functionality and reduce the burden, or even prevent the development of cardiovascular disease. Particularly, the phenolic compounds of extra virgin olive oil seem to exert the significant positive effects on HDL function. Moreover, supplementation of anthocyanins as well as antioxidants such as lycopene or the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid improve parameters of HDL function. In this review, we aim to highlight recent discoveries on beneficial dietary patterns as well as nutritional components and their effects on cardiovascular health, focusing on HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Yao Mattisson I, Christoffersen C. Apolipoprotein M and its impact on endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in the cardiovascular system. Atherosclerosis 2021; 334:76-84. [PMID: 34482091 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (apoM) is a member of the lipocalin superfamily and is predominantly associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). It was found that apoM is the chaperon to the bioactive sphingolipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Several studies have since contributed to expand the knowledge on apoM, S1P, and the apoM/S1P-complex in cardiovascular diseases. For instance, the HDL-bound apoM/S1P complex serves as a bridge between HDL and endothelial cells, maintaining a healthy endothelial barrier. Evidence indicates, however, that the apoM/S1P complex may has both protective and harmful effects on the cardiovascular system, which suggests the need for more research to understand the interplay between these molecules. This review aims to shed light on the most recent findings on apoM/S1P-signaling and its impact on endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases. Finally, it will be discussed whether drugs that target apoM and/or S1P-signaling may be beneficial to patients with cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Yao Mattisson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3A, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Trp Fluorescence Redshift during HDL Apolipoprotein Denaturation Is Increased in Patients with Coronary Syndrome in Acute Phase: A New Assay to Evaluate HDL Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157819. [PMID: 34360583 PMCID: PMC8345965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins' (HDL) stability is a determinant of their residence times in plasma and consequently an important parameter that influences the beneficial properties of these lipoproteins. Since there are no accessible procedures for this purpose, here, we describe the methodological conditions to assess the stability of the HDL based on the redshift of the fluorescence spectrum of tryptophans contained in the structure of HDL-apolipoproteins during incubation with urea 8M. Along the HDL denaturation kinetics, the main variations of fluorescence were observed at the wavelengths of 330, 344, and 365 nm at room temperature. Therefore, HDL denaturation was estimated using the tryptophan (Trp)-ratio of fluorescence intensity (rfi) at such wavelengths. By setting 100% of the measurable denaturation at 26 h, HDL reached 50% after 8 h of incubation with urea. Then, for further analyses we determined the percentage of HDL denaturation at 8 h as an estimation of the stability of these lipoproteins. To explore the potential usefulness of this test, we analyzed the stability of HDL isolated from the plasma of 24 patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). These HDL presented significantly higher percentages of denaturation (64.9% (58.7-78.4)) than HDLs of healthy individuals (23.3% (20.3-27.0)). These results indicate that HDL in ACS are less stable than in control subjects. Moreover, the percentage of denaturation of HDL correlated with body mass index and aspartate transaminase plasma activity. Furthermore, apo-I, HDL-cholesterol, HDL-triglycerides, and apo A-I-to-triglycerides ratio correlated with the percentage of HDL denaturation, suggesting that the lipoprotein composition is a main determinant of HDL stability. Finally, the percentage of HDL denaturation is the parameter that predicted the presence of ACS as determined by a machine learning procedure and logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, we established the methodological conditions to assess the stability of HDL by a fluorescence-based method that merits exploration in prospective studies for evaluating the coronary artery disease risk.
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Ipomea batatas Leaf Powder from Cameroon: Antioxidant Activity and Antihyperlipidemic Effect in Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet. J Lipids 2021; 2021:5539878. [PMID: 34221512 PMCID: PMC8213499 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5539878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study consists of analyzing the phytochemical composition of Ipomoea batatas leaf powders and evaluating their antihyperlipidemic effect on rats receiving a high-fat diet. Ipomoea batatas leaves were collected from four agroecological areas of Cameroon, and powders were obtained after washing, drying, grinding, and sieving. Standard analytical methods were used to determine the phytochemical composition of two varieties (IRAD-tib1yellow-V1 and IRAD-1112white-V2) from North Z1, Adamawa Z2, West Z3, Center Z4. The effect of I. batatas leaf powder on lipid metabolism was assessed in vivo by feeding different groups of rats with a high-fat diet supplemented with 5 and 10% of I. batatas leaf powder during 30 days. At the end of the experimentation, total cholesterols, triglycerides, LDL- (low-density lipoprotein-) cholesterol, HDL- (High-density lipoprotein-) cholesterol, ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase), ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), and creatinine were measured using commercial enzymatic kits (Spinreact, Spain). The results of phytochemical analysis of I. batatas leaf powders revealed that the total phenol content ranged from 660.173 mg GAE/100 gDW (Z1V2) to 657.76 mg GAE/100 gDW (Z3V2), the flavonoids content ranged from 282.25 mgEC/100 gDW (Z3V1) to 325.05 mgEC/100 gDW (Z4V2), and the anthraquinone content ranged from 324.05 mg/100 gDW (Z3V2) to 326.72 mg/100 gDW (Z4V2). The total antioxidant capacity ranged from 19.00 (Z1V1) to 23.48 mg AAE/gDW (Z3V2), while the IC50 ranged from 1.58 mg/mL (Z1V1) to 3.08 mg/mL (Z3V2). Rats fed a high-fat diet and supplemented with 5 and 10% of I. batatas leaf powder showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in body weight compared to the control with a reduction rate ranging from 6 to 10%. The consumption of I. batatas leaf powder for 30 days significantly (p < 0.05) reduced serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, ALAT, and creatinine level. These results suggest the use of I. batatas leaves as a phytomedicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Bacchetti T, Ferretti G, Carbone F, Ministrini S, Montecucco F, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Dysfunctional High-density Lipoprotein: The Role of Myeloperoxidase and Paraoxonase-1. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2842-2850. [PMID: 32674726 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200716112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Low circulating high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are not only defining criteria for metabolic syndrome, but are more generally associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and other chronic diseases. Oxidative stress, a hallmark of cardio-metabolic disease, further influences HDL activity by suppressing their function. Especially the leukocyte- derived enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) has recently attracted great interest as it catalyzes the formation of oxidizing reactive species that modify the structure and function of HDL, ultimately increasing cardiovascular risk. Contrariwise, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an HDL-associated enzyme that protects HDL from lipid oxidation and then acts as a protective factor against ASCVD. It is noteworthy that recent studies have demonstrated how MPO, PON1 and HDL form a functional complex in which PON1 partially inhibits the MPO activity, while MPO in turn partially inactivates PON1.In line with that, a high MPO/PON1 ratio characterizes patients with ASCVD and metabolic syndrome and has been suggested as a potential marker of dysfunctional HDL as well as a predictor of ASCVD. In this review, we summarize the evidence on the interactions between MPO and PON1 with regard to their structure, function and interaction with HDL activity. We also provide an overview of in vitro and experimental animal models, finally focusing on clinical evidence from a cohort of patients with ASCVD and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Science and Odontostomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Ministrini
- Internal Medicine Department, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Piazzale Menghini, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran
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12
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Construction of Recombinant Human GM-CSF and GM-CSF-ApoA-I Fusion Protein and Evaluation of Their Biological Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050459. [PMID: 34068113 PMCID: PMC8152757 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two strains of the yeast P. pastoris were constructed, one of which produced authentic recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (ryGM-CSF), and the other was a chimera consisting of ryGM-CSF genetically fused with mature human apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) (ryGM-CSF-ApoA-I). Both forms of the cytokine were secreted into the culture medium. The proteins’ yield during cultivation in flasks was 100 and 60 mg/L for ryGM-CSF and ryGM-CSF-ApoA-I, respectively. Both forms of recombinant GM-CSF stimulated the proliferation of human TF-1 erythroleukemia cells; however, the amount of chimera required was 10-fold that of authentic GM-CSF to induce a similar proliferative effect. RyGM-CSF exhibited a 2-fold proliferative effect on BFU-E (burst-forming units—erythroid) at a concentration 1.7 fold less than non-glycosylated E. coli-derived GM-CSF. The chimera together with authentic ryGM-CSF increased the number of both erythroid precursors and BMC granulocytes after 48 h of incubation of human bone marrow cells (BMCs). In addition, the chimeric form of ryGM-CSF was more effective at increasing the viability of the total amount of BMCs, decreasing apoptosis compared to the authentic form. ryGM-CSF-ApoA-I normalized the proliferation, maturation, and segmentation of neutrophils within the physiological norm, preserving the pool of blast cells under conditions of impaired granulopoiesis. The chimera form of GM-CSF exhibited the properties of a multilinear growth factor, modulating the activity of GM-CSF and, perhaps, it may be more suitable for the normalization of granulopoiesis.
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13
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He J, Yang Y, Zhou X, Zhang W, Liu J. Shuttle/sink model composed of β-cyclodextrin and simvastatin-loaded discoidal reconstituted high-density lipoprotein for enhanced cholesterol efflux and drug uptake in macrophage/foam cells. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:1496-1506. [PMID: 31999290 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Targeting drug delivery to macrophage/foam cells is challenged owing to the poor cell permeability and fluidity resulting from the massive accumulation of intracellular cholesterol in atherosclerosis (AS). Discoidal reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (d-rHDL) has been well regarded as a potential drug delivery system for AS by virtue of its plaque-targeting and cholesterol removal abilities, while the latter is compromised by the high activation energy of cholesterol efflux. It is reported that a low concentration of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) can function as a cholesterol shuttle to promote cholesterol efflux from cells to the extracellular acceptors (cholesterol sink, such as HDL particles), but it is still unknown whether the combination of β-CD with a drug-loaded d-rHDL can function as a shuttle/sink model to promote the remodeling and drug release of the d-rHDL carrier after accelerating the cholesterol efflux. Furthermore, it is interesting to investigate whether enhanced cholesterol efflux can improve the cellular drug uptake by restoring the permeability and fluidity of the cell membrane. Here, simvastatin-loaded d-rHDL (ST-d-rHDL) was combined with different concentrations of β-CD. Compared with ST-d-rHDL alone, the cholesterol removal ability of ST-d-rHDL combined with 0.5 mM of β-CD increased by 31-fold after incubation for 6 h and the cumulative drug release of ST-d-rHDL increased by two-fold during the initial 1 h in an acellular mimetic system. In macrophage/foam cells, 0.5 mM of β-CD showed superior promoting effects in the cholesterol removal ability and remodeling of ST-d-rHDL compared to 0.1 mM of β-CD. The high concentration of β-CD at 2 mM displayed a low efficiency for accelerating cholesterol efflux, which might function as a cholesterol sink rather than a cholesterol shuttle. Moreover, the permeability and fluidity of the cell membrane were improved by combining 0.5 mM of β-CD with ST-d-rHDL, which exhibited an enhanced cellular drug uptake and inhibiting effect on the intracellular lipid deposition and secretion of inflammatory cytokine. Collectively, combination of β-CD and ST-d-rHDL as a shuttle/sink model could enhance cholesterol efflux and drug uptake to suppress inflammation in macrophage/foam cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China. and State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yantai, Shandong 264670, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoju Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China. and Institute of Pharmaceutics, Nanjing Research Center, Jiangsu Chia-tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P. R. China.
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14
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Omote K, Yokota I, Nagai T, Sakuma I, Nakagawa Y, Kamiya K, Iwata H, Miyauchi K, Ozaki Y, Hibi K, Hiro T, Fukumoto Y, Mori H, Hokimoto S, Ohashi Y, Ohtsu H, Ogawa H, Daida H, Iimuro S, Shimokawa H, Saito Y, Kimura T, Matsuzaki M, Nagai R, Anzai T. High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease Treated with Statins: An Observation from the REAL-CAD Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 29:50-68. [PMID: 33431716 PMCID: PMC8737079 DOI: 10.5551/jat.59881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level after statin therapy and cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we sought to determine how HDL-C level after statin therapy is associated with cardiovascular events in stable CAD patients. METHODS From the REAL-CAD study which had shown the favorable prognostic effect of high-dose pitavastatin in stable CAD patients with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) <120 mg/dL, 9,221 patients with HDL-C data at baseline and 6 months, no occurrence of primary outcome at 6 months, and reported non-adherence for pitavastatin, were examined. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal ischemic stroke, or unstable angina requiring emergent admission after 6 months of randomization. Absolute difference and ratio of HDL-C levels were defined as (those at 6 months-at baseline) and (absolute difference/baseline)×100, respectively. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 4.0 (IQR 3.2-4.7) years, the primary outcome occurred in 417 (4.5%) patients. The adjusted risk of all HDL-C-related variables (baseline value, 6-month value, absolute, and relative changes) for the primary outcome was not significant (hazard ratio [HR] 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91-1.08, HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.94-1.12, HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.98-1.12, and HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.94-1.24, respectively). Furthermore, adjusted HRs of all HDL-C-related variables remained non-significant for the primary outcome regardless of on-treatment LDL-C level at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS After statin therapy with modestly controlled LDL-C, HDL-C level has little prognostic value in patients with stable CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Omote
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Isao Yokota
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Toshiyuki Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | | | - Yoshihisa Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital
| | - Kiwamu Kamiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Hiroshi Iwata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Katsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine
| | - Kiyoshi Hibi
- Division of Cardiology, Yokohama City University Medical Center
| | - Takafumi Hiro
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyoshi Mori
- Department of Cardiology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital
| | - Seiji Hokimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital
| | - Yasuo Ohashi
- Department of Integrated Science and Technology for Sustainable Society, Chuo University
| | - Hiroshi Ohtsu
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Center for Clinical Sciences
| | | | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
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15
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Mechanistic Insights into the Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:5245308. [PMID: 33014272 PMCID: PMC7512065 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5245308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidaemia has a prominent role in the onset of notorious atherosclerosis, a disease of medium to large arteries. Atherosclerosis is the prime root of cardiovascular events contributing to the most considerable number of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Factors like cellular senescence, genetics, clonal haematopoiesis, sedentary lifestyle-induced obesity, or diabetes mellitus upsurge the tendency of atherosclerosis and are foremost pioneers to definitive transience. Accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (Ox-LDLs) in the tunica intima triggers the onset of this disease. In the later period of progression, the build-up plaques rupture ensuing thrombosis (completely blocking the blood flow), causing myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart attack, all of which are common atherosclerotic cardiovascular events today. The underlying mechanism is very well elucidated in literature but the therapeutic measures remains to be unleashed. Researchers tussle to demonstrate a clear understanding of treating mechanisms. A century of research suggests that lowering LDL, statin-mediated treatment, HDL, and lipid-profile management should be of prime interest to retard atherosclerosis-induced deaths. We shall brief the Ox-LDL-induced atherogenic mechanism and the treating measures in line to impede the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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16
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Koubaa-Ghorbel F, Chaâbane M, Turki M, Makni-Ayadi F, El Feki A. The protective effects of Salvia officinalis essential oil compared to simvastatin against hyperlipidemia, liver, and kidney injuries in mice submitted to a high-fat diet. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13160. [PMID: 32010989 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Salvia officinalis essential oil (SEO) and simvastatin in hyperlipidemic mice. Animals were randomly divided into four groups. The control group received a standard diet. The high-fat diet (HFD) group received HFD. The third and fourth groups received HFD associated either with simvastatin (2.5 mg/kg bw) or with SEO (4 mg/kg bw). All animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks of treatment. SEO and simvastatin reduced in HFD mice body weight gain, hyperlipidemia, disruption of liver and renal functions and reactive oxygen species production. In fact, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total lipids, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, as well as aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were reduced, while fecal lipids increased compared to those of HFD mice. The lipid-lowering effect of SEO was more effective than that of simvastatin. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: High-fat diet provokes hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and abnormal lipid metabolism leading to the development of hepatic and renal dysfunctions as well as perturbations of the antioxidant status in liver and kidney. The results of this research highlight the beneficial effects of SEO in the management of these disorders without inducing side effects; in fact, the plant essential oil decreased lipids and improved the antioxidant status more than did a synthetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Koubaa-Ghorbel
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Chaâbane
- Unit of Enzymes and Bioconversion, National Engineering School, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Turki
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU H. Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Makni-Ayadi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU H. Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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17
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Remant KC, Thapa B, Valencia-Serna J, Domun SS, Dimitroff C, Jiang X, Uludağ H. Cholesterol grafted cationic lipopolymers: Potential siRNA carriers for selective chronic myeloid leukemia therapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:565-580. [PMID: 31714657 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic siRNA technology has emerged as a promising approach for molecular therapy of cancer but, despite its potential for post-transcriptional gene silencing, there is an urgent need to develop efficient delivery systems particularly for difficult-to-transfect, anchorage-independent cells. In this study, we designed highly hydrophobic cationic lipopolymers by grafting cholesterol (Chol) onto low-molecular weight (0.6, 1.2, and 2.0 kDa) polyethylenimines (PEIs) to enable specific siRNA therapy to chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. The siRNA binding by PEI-Chol led to nano-sized (100-200 nm diameter) polyplexes with enhanced ζ-potential (+20 to +35 mV) and ability to protect the loaded siRNA completely in fresh serum. The siRNA delivery to CML (K562) cells was proportional to degree of substitution and, unexpectedly, inversely proportional to molecular size of the polymeric backbone. Chol grafting with as little as ~1.0 Chol/PEI on 0.6 and 1.2 kDa PEIs enabled silencing of the reporter Green Fluorescent Protein gene as well as the endogenous BCR-Abl oncogene in K562 cells. The PEI-Chol mediated delivery of siRNAs specific for BCR-Abl and KSP genes significantly arrested the growth the cells which was significantly reflected in colony formation potency of K562 cells. BCR-Able siRNA mediated therapeutic efficacy was also observed in significantly increased caspase activity and apoptosis of K562 cells. Thus, Chol-grafted low-molecular weight PEIs appear to be unique siRNA carriers to realize the molecular therapy in CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Remant
- Department of Chemical & Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bindu Thapa
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Juliana Valencia-Serna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suraj S Domun
- Department of Chemical & Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cailean Dimitroff
- Department of Chemical & Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Department of Chemical & Material Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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18
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Pirillo A, Catapano AL, Norata GD. Biological Consequences of Dysfunctional HDL. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1644-1664. [PMID: 29848265 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180530110543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease. HDLs promote reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and possess several putative atheroprotective functions, associated to the anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and anti-oxidant properties as well as to the ability to support endothelial physiology. The assumption that increasing HDL-C levels would be beneficial on cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, has been questioned as, in most clinical trials, HDL-C-raising therapies did not result in improved cardiovascular outcomes. These findings, together with the observations from Mendelian randomization studies showing that polymorphisms mainly or solely associated with increased HDL-C levels did not decrease the risk of myocardial infarction, shift the focus from HDL-C levels toward HDL functional properties. Indeed, HDL from atherosclerotic patients not only exhibit impaired atheroprotective functions but also acquire pro-atherogenic properties and are referred to as "dysfunctional" HDL; this occurs even in the presence of normal or elevated HDL-C levels. Pharmacological approaches aimed at restoring HDL functions may therefore impact more significantly on CVD outcome than drugs used so far to increase HDL-C levels. The aim of this review is to discuss the pathological conditions leading to the formation of dysfunctional HDL and their role in atherosclerosis and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
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19
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Pharmacological Properties of Morus nigra L. (Black Mulberry) as A Promising Nutraceutical Resource. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020437. [PMID: 30791521 PMCID: PMC6412198 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mulberry plants belonging to the Moraceae family have been grown for the purpose of being the nutrient source for silk worm and raw materials for the preparation of jams, marmalades, vinegars, juices, wines, and cosmetics. Morus nigra L. (black mulberry) is native to Southwestern Asia, and it has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for animals and humans. In this article, recent research progress on various biological and pharmacological properties of extracts, fractions, and isolated active constituents from different parts of M. nigra are reviewed. M. nigra exhibited a wide-spectrum of biological and pharmacological therapeutic effects including antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-melanogenic, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anticancer activities. M. nigra also showed protective effects against various human organs and systems, mainly based on its antioxidant capacity. These findings strongly suggest that M. nigra can be used as a promising nutraceutical resource to control and prevent various chronic diseases.
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20
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Maranhão PA, de Souza MDGC, Panazzolo DG, Nogueira Neto JF, Bouskela E, Kraemer-Aguiar LG. Metabolic Changes Induced by High-Fat Meal Evoke Different Microvascular Responses in Accordance with Adiposity Status. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5046508. [PMID: 30515403 PMCID: PMC6236900 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5046508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequently, ingestion of lipids exceeds our daily requirements and constantly exposes humans to circulating lipid overload which may lead to endothelial dysfunction (ED), the earliest marker of atherosclerosis. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) technique can detect ED on microcirculation. Using NVC, we aimed to demonstrate if metabolic alterations evoked by high-fat meals can act differently on microvascular endothelial reactivity in lean and women with obesity. METHODS Women, aged between 19 and 40 years, were allocated to control group (CG) and with obesity group (OBG) and were subjected to blood analysis for determination of glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and NVC evaluation at fasting and 30, 60, 120, and 180-min after high-fat meal ingestion. NVC technique evaluated microvascular reactivity through the following variables: red blood cell velocity (RBCV) at rest and after 1-min ischemia (maximal red blood cell velocity, RBCVmax) and time taken to reach it (TRBCVmax). A P value ≤0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS High-fat meal promoted a two-phase response in both groups: one until 60-min, associated with glucose and insulin levels, and the other after 120-min, associated with TG levels. Significant differences between groups were observed concerning insulin and HDL-c concentrations only at fasting and TC, TG, and LDL-c levels in all-time points. Regarding microvascular reactivity, RBCV, RBCVmax, and TRBCVmax were significantly different in OBG at 30-min compared to baseline. RBCVmax and TRBCVmax were significantly different in CG at 30-min and 60-min comparing to fasting. In all-time points, OBG presented RBCV, RBCVmax , and TRBCVmax significantly different in comparison to CG. CONCLUSION High-fat meal worsened ED on microcirculation in women with obesity and induced impairment of endothelial function in lean ones, reinforcing the association between high-fat meal and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Alves Maranhão
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Coelho de Souza
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Diogo Guarnieri Panazzolo
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - José Firmino Nogueira Neto
- Lipids Laboratory (Lablip), Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-003, Brazil
| | - Eliete Bouskela
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Kraemer-Aguiar
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Research on Vascular Biology (BioVasc), Biomedical Center, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil
- Obesity Unit, Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-030, Brazil
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21
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Li CX, Chen LL, Li XC, Ng KTP, Yang XX, Lo CM, Guan XY, Man K. ApoA-1 accelerates regeneration of small-for-size fatty liver graft after transplantation. Life Sci 2018; 215:128-135. [PMID: 30473024 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) is involved in regulating both lipid and energy metabolism, which may play important roles in liver regeneration, especially for the liver with steatosis. We here intended to investigate the role of ApoA-1 in regeneration of small-for-size fatty liver graft and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS The association of ApoA-1 expression with liver regeneration was studied in rat liver transplantation models using small-for-size normal graft or small-for-size fatty graft. The direct role of ApoA-1 in liver regeneration was studied in mouse hepatectomy model in vivo and hepatocytes in vitro. RESULTS Compared to small-for-size normal graft, decreased expression of ApoA-1 associated with delayed regeneration were detected in small-for-size fatty liver graft after transplantation. In functional study, the expression of ApoA-1 was decreased in hepatocytes with steatosis and was inversely associated with the concentration of oleic acid. The ApoA-1 administration effectively attenuated hepatocytes steatosis and accelerated hepatocytes proliferation. In mouse model, ApoA-1 treatment promoted liver regeneration at day 2 after major hepatectomy. In addition, the treatment of ApoA-1 increased the expressions of PGC-1α and its target genes Tfam, Ucp2 and SDHB. CONCLUSIONS ApoA-1 may accelerate regeneration of small-for-size fatty liver graft at day 2 after transplantation through regulating mitochondrial function. ApoA-1 may be the potential new therapy of promoting liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xian Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Lei Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Cheng Li
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kevin Tak-Pan Ng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Xiang Yang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung Mau Lo
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Yuan Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Labdi A, Amiali M, Bachir YN, Merouane A, Dahman-Zouambi A, Koceir EA, Bitam A. Green tea extract attenuates non alcoholic fatty liver disease by decreasing hyperlipidemia and enhancing Superoxide dismutase activity in cholesterol-fed rats. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM: Health benefits of green tea for a wide variety of ailments, including the cancer, heart disease, and liver disease, were reported. It is believed to have beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, one of which is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study inspects the protective effect of green tea against atherosclerosis and NAFLD in comparative approach between curative and preventive models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty four of Wistar rats were studied for 150 days. After 15 days of adaptation period, rats were divided into four groups including normal Group (NG), control Hypercholesterolemic diet Group (CHDG), preventive Group (PG) and curative Group (CG) that followed respectively the following regimens: 1 mL/kg of sunflower oil for 150 days, 1 mL/kg of cholesterol solution prepared at 1.5% (w/v) in sunflower oil span 150 days, 1 ml/kg of cholesterol solution at 1.5% (w/v) in sunflower oil with 3 mL/kg GTLE for 60 days and 1 mL/kg of cholesterol solution at 1.5% (w/v) in sunflower oil for 30 days followed by 3 mL/kg of GTLE for 30 days. These both PG and CG groups were ingested with cholesterol 1.5% (w/v) during remaining period. RESULTS: The results showed significant increase, except for NG, during the 30 first days (p≤0.001) in lipid serum profiles including Total Cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerol (TG) and Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). However, the High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) profile decreased during the treatment (p≤0.001). The ingestion of GTLE in treated groups (CG and PG) declined significantly (p≤0.001) in blood lipid concentrations (TC: 67%, TG: 23%, LDL-c: 81.12%) except for the HDL-c that increased up to 15%. The Atherogenic Index (AI) also decreased significantly (p≤0.001) up to 48%, in CG and PG. PG and NG marked same SOD activity values (130.91±7.66 versus 141.31±8.21 U/mL), while CG showed the lowest level. Liver sections were well protected in protective model than curative one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Labdi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Physiology, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Laboratory, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Malek Amiali
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique (ENSA), El-Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Yacine Nait Bachir
- Department of Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Technology, University of Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Abdelaziz Merouane
- Laboratory of Natural Bioresources, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Hassiba Benbouali University, Chlef, Algeria
| | - Amina Dahman-Zouambi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Histology, National School of Veterinary Sciences, El-Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Elhadj Ahmed Koceir
- Department of Biological Sciences and Physiology, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Laboratory, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Arezki Bitam
- Department of Biological Sciences and Physiology, Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism Laboratory, USTHB, Algiers, Algeria
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique (ENSA), El-Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
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Shi F, Li J, Yang L, Hou G, Ye M. Hypolipidemic effect and protection ability of liver-kidney functions of melanin from Lachnum YM226 in high-fat diet fed mice. Food Funct 2018; 9:880-889. [PMID: 29299589 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01294b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the hypolipidemic properties of melanin from Lachnum YM226 (LM) in high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemic mice. After the hyperlipidemic model was established, mice were randomly divided into six groups, as follows: normal control group (NC), hyperlipidemic control group (HC), positive control group (7 mg kg-1 d-1 simvastatin) (PC) and LM groups (50, 100 and 200 mg kg-1 d-1 denoted as LM-50, LM-100 and LM-200, respectively). Subsequently, the body weight, organ indices, lipid metabolism, antioxidant properties and liver-kidney functions of the mice were examined. Moreover, the activities of lipoprotein metabolism enzymes in serum and liver tissue were examined to study the feasible mechanism. The results imply that LM could effectively reduce body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherogenic index (AI), and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, treatment with LM also increased the antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content relative to the HC group. In addition, the liver and kidney damage indices such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and uric acid were lowered. LM administration also significantly corrected disturbances of liver-kidney functions with no fatty deposits in the liver, resulting in a protective effect against renal histological alteration. The hypolipidemic effect occurred partly due to the regulation of hepatic lipase (HL) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in serum and liver to markedly decrease TG. This confirms the important role of LM in the prevention of hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shi
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Hernández-Sánchez KM, Garduño-Siciliano L, Luna-Herrera J, Zepeda-Vallejo LG, Lagunas-Rivera S, García-Gutiérrez GE, Vargas-Díaz ME. Antimycobacterial and hypolipemiant activities of Bidens odorata (Cavanilles). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:159-164. [PMID: 29704591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bidens odorata Cavanilles is a medicinal and edible plant known as "mozote blanco, aceitilla, acahual, mozoquelite" which is traditionally used in Mexico as a diuretic, hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antitussive, to treat gastrointestinal disorders, kidney pain, and lung or respiratory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This research study was aimed at phytochemical analysis of aerial extracts of B. odorata for antimycobacterial and lipid-lowering activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Compounds 1 (((2R, 3R, 4S, 5S, 6R)-3,4,5-Tryhidroxy-6-(((E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acryloyl) oxy) tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl) methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate) and 2 (3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid) were isolated from B. odorata aerial shoots and their structural elucidation was carried out using 1 and 2D NMR, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The antimycobacterial activity of various extracts and compounds 1 and 2 was determined using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). The evaluation of the hypolipidemic effect of the ethanolic extract and the glycosylated compound 1 was tested in a murine model of hypercholesterolemia induced by diet and by Triton WR-1339. On the other hand, the LD50 of the ethanolic extract was evaluated in ICR mice by the OECD protocol TG 423. RESULTS Antimycobacterial assay of hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, ethanolic and aqueous extracts, as well as the new glycosidic compound 1 and benzoic acid derivative 2 isolated from B. odorata showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 100, 12.5, 12.5, 12.5, ≥200, 3.125 and 50 μg/mL, respectively, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Only hexane and CH2Cl2 extracts were observed to be active against Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 at a concentration of 50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. The ethanolic extract showed lipid-lowering activity at doses of 100 and 1000 mg/kg, while glycosidic compound 1 was active at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. In addition, the LD50 of the ethanolic extract was >2000 mg/kg, meaning that this extract does not cause lethality or adverse effects, and no signs of organs alterations or tissue damage were observed. CONCLUSION The hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, and ethanolic extracts of B. odorata, as well as their components 1 and 2, displayed antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis. Moreover, the ethanolic extract and glycosidic compound 1 showed an important lipid-lowering effect, without lethality or secondary effect. The results of this study support the documented traditional use for B. odorata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Mariela Hernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Laboratorio de Toxicología de Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, esq. con M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, Del. GAM, C.P. 77380 CDMX, Mexico; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, C.P.11340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Leticia Garduño-Siciliano
- Departamento de Farmacia, Laboratorio de Toxicología de Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, esq. con M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, Del. GAM, C.P. 77380 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Julieta Luna-Herrera
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, C.P.11340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - L Gerardo Zepeda-Vallejo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, C.P.11340 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Selene Lagunas-Rivera
- CONACyT, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana km. 1080, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas C.P. 29050, Mexico
| | - G Esthefania García-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Farmacia, Laboratorio de Toxicología de Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, esq. con M. Stampa, Col. Planetario Lindavista, Del. GAM, C.P. 77380 CDMX, Mexico
| | - María Elena Vargas-Díaz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, C.P.11340 CDMX, Mexico.
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Phytochemical Screening and Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic, and Antioxidant Properties of Anthyllis henoniana (Coss.) Flowers Extracts in an Alloxan-Induced Rats Model of Diabetes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8516302. [PMID: 30034500 PMCID: PMC6035852 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8516302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background This study investigates the biological activities of Anthyllis henoniana flowers extracts. Materials and Methods Antioxidant activity and the in vitro inhibitory effect of key digesting enzymes related to postprandial hyperglycemia were determined. Diabetic rats were orally and daily given the best extract from flowers of Anthyllis henoniana at a dose of acarbose for one month. Results Among the extracts, the ethyl acetate one displayed remarkable antioxidant activity including DPPH (IC50 = 2.34 mg/mL) and was more effective in inhibiting α-glucosidase (IC50 = 17 μg/mL) than α-amylase (IC50 = 920 μg /mL) activities. In vivo, the results proved that ethyl acetate extract at doses of 400 mg/kg bw decreased significantly the blood glucose level and lipid profile levels and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. These protective impacts of Anthyllis henoniana ethyl acetate flowers extract were confirmed by histological results. Conclusion This study demonstrates, for the first time, that Anthyllis henoniana flowers ethyl acetate extract is effective in inhibiting hyperglycemia and oxidative stress caused by diabetes.
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26
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Ihle A, Gouveia ÉR, Gouveia BR, Freitas DL, Jurema J, Tinôco MA, Kliegel M. High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level Relates to Working Memory, Immediate and Delayed Cued Recall in Brazilian Older Adults: The Role of Cognitive Reserve. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 44:84-91. [PMID: 28743108 DOI: 10.1159/000477846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The present study set out to investigate the relation of the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level to cognitive performance and its interplay with key markers of cognitive reserve in a large sample of older adults. METHODS We assessed tests of working memory, immediate and delayed cued recall in 701 older adults from Amazonas, Brazil. The HDL-C level was derived from fasting blood samples. In addition, we interviewed individuals on their education, past occupation, and cognitive leisure activity. RESULTS A critically low HDL-C level (<40 mg/dL) was significantly related to lower performance in working memory, immediate and delayed cued recall. Moderation analyses suggested that the relations of the HDL-C level to working memory and delayed cued recall were negligible in individuals with longer education, a higher cognitive level of the job, and greater engagement in cognitive leisure activity. CONCLUSION Cognitive reserve accumulated during the life course may reduce the detrimental influences of a critically low HDL-C level on cognitive functioning in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ihle
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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28
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Zeni ALB, Moreira TD, Dalmagro AP, Camargo A, Bini LA, Simionatto EL, Scharf DR. Evaluation of phenolic compounds and lipid-lowering effect of Morus nigra leaves extract. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:2805-2815. [PMID: 29236863 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Morus nigra L. (Moraceae) is a tree known as black mulberry and the leaves are used in folk medicine in the treatment of diabetes, high cholesterol and menopause symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the M. nigra leaves phytochemical profile in different extractions and the hypolipidemic effect of the infusion comparing to the fenofibrate. Morus nigra infusion (MN) showed higher amounts of phenolics and flavonoids (83.85 mg/g and 79.96 µg/g, respectively), as well as antioxidant activity (83.85%) than decoction or hydromethanolic extracts. Although, decoction showed the best result for ascorbic acid (4.35 mg/100 g) than hydromethanolic or infusion (2.51 or 2.13 mg/100 g, respectively). The phenolic acids gallic, chlorogenic and caffeic and the flavonoids quercetin, rutin and catechin were found in the M. nigra extracts. Hyperlipidemic rats treated with 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg of MN decreased serum cholesterol, triglycerides and normalized lipoproteins. Furthermore, MN inhibited lipid peroxidation in liver, kidney and brain of hyperlipidemic rats. This study provides evidence that M. nigra leaves extracts are rich in polyphenols, mainly chlorogenic acid, which normalized hyperlipidemic disturbance. The results suggest a potential therapeutic effect of the M. nigra leaves infusion on dislipidemic condition and related oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia B Zeni
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, 89030-903 Blumenau, SC, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Avaliação de Substâncias Bioativas, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, 89030-903 Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Tatianne D Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, 89030-903 Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dalmagro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, 89030-903 Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Anderson Camargo
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Avaliação de Substâncias Bioativas, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, 89030-903 Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Larissa A Bini
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Laboratório de Avaliação de Substâncias Bioativas, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, 89030-903 Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Edésio L Simionatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Departamento de Química, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, 89030-903 Blumenau, SC, Brazil.,Laboratório de Cromatografia, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua São Paulo, 3250, 89030-000 Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Dilamara R Scharf
- Laboratório de Cromatografia, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua São Paulo, 3250, 89030-000 Blumenau, SC, Brazil
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Thon MP, Ford HZ, Gee MW, Myerscough MR. A Quantitative Model of Early Atherosclerotic Plaques Parameterized Using In Vitro Experiments. Bull Math Biol 2017; 80:175-214. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-017-0367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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30
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Zhu J, Zhang X, Chen X, Sun Y, Dai Y, Chen C, Zhang T, Yan Z. Studies on the regulation of lipid metabolism and the mechanism of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Usnea. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:930-936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Tafelmeier M, Fischer A, Orsó E, Konovalova T, Böttcher A, Liebisch G, Matysik S, Schmitz G. Mildly oxidized HDL decrease agonist-induced platelet aggregation and release of pro-coagulant platelet extracellular vesicles. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 169:176-188. [PMID: 27163393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Stored platelet concentrates (PLCs) for therapeutic purpose, develop a platelet storage lesion (PSL), characterized by impaired platelet (PLT) viability and function, platelet extracellular vesicle (PL-EV) release and profound lipidomic changes. Whereas oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) activates PLTs and promotes atherosclerosis, effects linked to oxidized high-density lipoprotein (oxHDL) are poorly characterized. PLCs from blood donors were treated with native (nHDL) or mildly oxidized HDL (moxHDL) for 5days under blood banking conditions. Flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), aggregometry, immunoblot analysis and mass spectrometry were carried out to analyze PL-EV and platelet exosomes (PL-EX) release, PLT aggregation, protein expression, and PLT and plasma lipid composition. In comparison to total nHDL, moxHDL significantly decreased PL-EV release by -36% after 5days of PLT storage and partially reversed agonist-induced PLT aggregation. PL-EV release positively correlated with PLT aggregation. MoxHDL improved PLT membrane lipid homeostasis through enhanced uptake of lysophospholipids and their remodeling to corresponding phospholipid species. This also appeared for sphingomyelin (SM) and d18:0/d18:1 sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) at the expense of ceramide (Cer) and hexosylceramide (HexCer) leading to reduced Cer/S1P ratio as PLT-viability indicator. This membrane remodeling was associated with increased content of CD36 and maturation of scavenger receptor-B1 (SR-B1) protein in secreted PL-EVs. MoxHDL, more potently than nHDL, improves PLT-membrane lipid homeostasis, partially antagonizes PL-EV release and agonist-induced PLT aggregation. Altogether, this may be the result of more efficient phospho- and sphingolipid remodeling mediated by CD36 and SR-B1 in the absence of ABCA1 on PLTs. As in vitro supplement in PLCs, moxHDL has the potential to improve PLC quality and to prolong storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tafelmeier
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93052 Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Fischer
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93052 Regensburg, Germany
| | - E Orsó
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93052 Regensburg, Germany
| | - T Konovalova
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93052 Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Böttcher
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93052 Regensburg, Germany
| | - G Liebisch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93052 Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Matysik
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93052 Regensburg, Germany
| | - G Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic of Regensburg Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93052 Regensburg, Germany.
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Huang S, Liu H, Meng N, Li B, Wang J. Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Malus toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes Leaves in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats. J Med Food 2017; 20:258-264. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jule Wang
- College of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
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Tenore GC, Caruso D, Buonomo G, D'Avino M, Campiglia P, Marinelli L, Novellino E. A Healthy Balance of Plasma Cholesterol by a Novel Annurca Apple-Based Nutraceutical Formulation: Results of a Randomized Trial. J Med Food 2017; 20:288-300. [PMID: 28296588 PMCID: PMC5361772 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are nowadays preferential targets of preventive medicine through a straightforward therapy on lipid profile. However, statins, the first-line lipid-lowering drug therapy, specifically act on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), having a modest effect on plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations. Today, a number of novel HDL-targeted therapies are emerging, along with unexpected side effects. Thus, novel and possibly safe substances, able to correct impaired lipid profile in humans, are still in great demand. Herein, based on encouraging clinical data, we formulated a nutraceutical product (AppleMetS®, AMS), based on a polyphenolic extract from Annurca apple, and demonstrated that two capsules a day of AMS, after one month, have a LDL-C lowering outcome equivalent to 40 mg of simvastatin or 10 mg of atorvastatin. Nevertheless, different from statin-based therapy, AMS exerted a notable effect on HDL (+49.2%). Based on the trial results, we can assert that AMS formulation could effectively integrate the current therapeutic arsenal to correct impaired lipid profile in humans. Specifically, AMS may be considered a complementary and/or alternative safe substance suitable for the treatment of mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects who do not present occurrence of atheromatous plaques yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Carlo Tenore
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Caruso
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Cardarelli , Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria D'Avino
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Cardarelli , Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- 4 Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno , Salerno, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
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High density lipoprotein (HDL) particles from end-stage renal disease patients are defective in promoting reverse cholesterol transport. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41481. [PMID: 28148911 PMCID: PMC5288657 DOI: 10.1038/srep41481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the largest cause of mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). CVD in ESRD is not explained by classical CVD risk factors such as HDL cholesterol mass levels making functional alterations of lipoproteins conceivable. HDL functions in atheroprotection by promoting reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), comprising cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells, uptake into hepatocytes and final excretion into the feces. ESRD-HDL (n = 15) were compared to healthy control HDL (n = 15) for their capacity to promote in vitro (i) cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophage foam cells and (ii) SR-BI-mediated selective uptake into ldla[SR-BI] cells as well as (iii) in vivo RCT. Compared with HDL from controls, ESRD-HDL displayed a significant reduction in mediating cholesterol efflux (p < 0.001) and SR-BI-mediated selective uptake (p < 0.01), two key steps in RCT. Consistently, also the in vivo capacity of ESRD-HDL to promote RCT when infused into wild-type mice was significantly impaired (p < 0.01). In vitro oxidation of HDL from healthy controls with hypochloric acid was able to fully mimic the impaired biological activities of ESRD-HDL. In conclusion, we demonstrate that HDL from ESRD patients is dysfunctional in key steps as well as overall RCT, likely due to oxidative modification.
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White CR, Datta G, Giordano S. High-Density Lipoprotein Regulation of Mitochondrial Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:407-429. [PMID: 28551800 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoproteins play a key role in regulating plasma and tissue levels of cholesterol. Apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins, including chylomicrons, very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), serve as carriers of triglycerides and cholesterol and deliver these metabolites to peripheral tissues. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) mediates Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT), a process by which excess cholesterol is removed from the periphery and taken up by hepatocytes where it is metabolized and excreted. Anti-atherogenic properties of HDL have been largely ascribed to apoA-I, the major protein component of the lipoprotein particle. The inflammatory response associated with atherosclerosis and ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury has been linked to the development of mitochondrial dysfunction. Under these conditions, an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation induces damage to mitochondrial structural elements, leading to a reduction in ATP synthesis and initiation of the apoptotic program. Recent studies suggest that HDL-associated apoA-I and lysosphingolipids attenuate mitochondrial injury by multiple mechanisms, including the suppression of ROS formation and induction of autophagy. Other apolipoproteins, however, present in lower abundance in HDL particles may exert opposing effects on mitochondrial function. This chapter examines the role of HDL-associated apolipoproteins and lipids in the regulation of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roger White
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Geeta Datta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Samantha Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Oaks BM, Stewart CP, Laugero KD, Adu-Afarwuah S, Lartey A, Vosti SA, Ashorn P, Dewey KG. Maternal plasma cholesterol and duration of pregnancy: A prospective cohort study in Ghana. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2016; 13. [PMID: 28025862 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Low plasma cholesterol may be associated with preterm birth; however, results are mixed and limited primarily to high-income countries. Our objective was to determine whether maternal plasma lipid concentrations are associated with pregnancy duration. We performed a nested cohort (n = 320) study of pregnant Ghanaian women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were analyzed in plasma at ≤20and 36 weeks gestation as continuous variables and also categorized into low, referent, or high (<10th, 10th-90th, >90th percentile). At ≤20 weeks, plasma lipid concentrations were not associated with pregnancy duration. At 36 weeks, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were not associated with pregnancy duration. Higher HDL-C at 36 weeks was associated with a longer pregnancy duration (adjusted β-coefficient ± standard error: 0.05 ± 0.02 days mg-1 /dL, p = .02); pregnancy duration was 5.9 ± 2.0 (mean ± standard error) days shorter among women with low HDL-C compared with the referent group (10th-90th percentile) (p = .02) and 8.6 ± 2.6 days shorter when compared with the high HDL-C group (p = .003). Pregnancy duration was 4.9 ± 2.1 days longer among women with low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol at 36 weeks gestation when compared with the referent group (p = .051). Our data suggest that low HDL-C in the third trimester of pregnancy is associated with a shorter duration of pregnancy in this study population but do not support the hypothesis that low total cholesterol is associated with a shorter pregnancy duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brietta M Oaks
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Kevin D Laugero
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Seth Adu-Afarwuah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Anna Lartey
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Stephen A Vosti
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Per Ashorn
- Department for Paediatrics and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Onishi R, Watanabe A, Nakajima M, Sekiguchi M, Kugimiya A, Kinouchi H, Nihashi Y, Kamimori H. Surface Plasmon Resonance Assay of Binding Properties of Antisense Oligonucleotides to Serum Albumins and Lipoproteins. ANAL SCI 2016; 31:1255-60. [PMID: 26656814 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.1255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we developed an assay to evaluate the kinetic binding properties of the unconjugated antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) and lipophilic and hydrophilic ligands conjugated ASOs to mouse and human serum albumin, and lipoproteins using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The lipophilic ligands conjugated ASOs showed clear affinity to the albumins and lipoproteins, while the unconjugated and hydrophilic ligand conjugated ASOs showed no interaction. The SPR method showed reproducible immobilization of albumins and lipoproteins as ligands on the sensor chip, and reproducible affinity kinetic parameters of interaction of ASOs conjugated with the ligands could be obtained. The kinetic binding data of these ASOs to albumin and lipoproteins by SPR were related with the distributions in the whole liver in mice after administration of these conjugated ASOs. The results demonstrated that our SPR method could be a valuable tool for predicting the mechanism of the properties of delivery of conjugated ASOs to the organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Onishi
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Shionogi & Co., Ltd
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Taurine zinc solid dispersions enhance bile-incubated L02 cell viability and improve liver function by inhibiting ERK2 and JNK phosphorylation during cholestasis. Toxicology 2016; 366-367:10-9. [PMID: 27501764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intakes of taurine and zinc are associated with decreased risk of liver disease. In this study, solid dispersions (SDs) of a taurine zinc complex on hepatic injury were examined in vitro using the immortalized human hepatocyte cell line L02 and in a rat model of bile duct ligation. Sham-operated and bile duct ligated Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the vehicle alone or taurine zinc (40, 80, 160mg/kg) for 17days. Bile duct ligation significantly increased blood lipid levels, and promoted hepatocyte apoptosis, inflammation and compensatory biliary proliferation. In vitro, incubation with bile significantly reduced L02 cell viability; this effect was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) and enhanced when co-incubated with taurine zinc SDs. In vivo, administration of taurine zinc SDs decreased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in a dose-dependent manner and attenuated the increases in serum total bilirubin, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels after bile duct ligation. Additionally, taurine zinc SDs downregulated the expression of interleukin-1β and inhibited the phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase2 (ERK2) in the liver after bile duct ligation. Moreover, taurine zinc SDs had more potent blood lipid regulatory and anti-apoptotic effects than the physical mixture of taurine and zinc acetate. Therefore, we speculate that taurine zinc SDs protect liver function at least in part via a mechanism linked to reduce phosphorylation of JNK and ERK2, which suppresses inflammation, apoptosis and cholangiocyte proliferation during cholestasis.
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Aly HAA, Mansour AM, Hassan MH, Abd-Ellah MF. Lipoic acid attenuates Aroclor 1260-induced hepatotoxicity in adult rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:913-922. [PMID: 25533183 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanistic aspect of Aroclor 1260-induced hepatotoxicity and its protection by lipoic acid. The adult male Albino rats were divided into six groups. Group I served as control. Group II received lipoic acid (35 mg/kg/day). Aroclor 1260 was given to rats by oral gavage at doses 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg/day (Groups III, IV, and V, respectively). Group VI was pretreated with lipoic acid (35 mg/kg/day) 24 h before Aroclor 1260 (40 mg/kg/day). Treatment in all groups was continued for further 15 consecutive days. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities and total bilirubin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly increased while total protein, total albumin, and high-density lipoprotein were significantly decreased. Hydrogen peroxide production and lipid peroxidation were significantly increased while superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) content was significantly decreased in liver. Caspase-3 & -9 activities were significantly increased in liver. Lipoic acid pretreatment significantly reverted all these abnormalities toward their normal levels. In conclusion, Aroclor 1260 induced liver dysfunction, at least in part, by induction of oxidative stress. Apoptotic effect of hepatic cells is involved in Aroclor 1260-induced liver injury. Lipoic acid could protect rats against Aroclor 1260-induced hepatotoxicity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 913-922, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy A A Aly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Memy H Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, El-Madinah El-Munaworah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F Abd-Ellah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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White CR, Giordano S, Anantharamaiah GM. High-density lipoprotein, mitochondrial dysfunction and cell survival mechanisms. Chem Phys Lipids 2016; 199:161-169. [PMID: 27150975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic injury is associated with acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting and open heart surgery. The timely re-establishment of blood flow is critical in order to minimize cardiac complications. Reperfusion after a prolonged ischemic period, however, can induce severe cardiomyocyte dysfunction with mitochondria serving as a major target of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. An increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces damage to mitochondrial respiratory complexes leading to uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial membrane perturbations also contribute to calcium overload, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and the release of apoptotic mediators into the cytoplasm. Clinical and experimental studies show that ischemic preconditioning (ICPRE) and postconditioning (ICPOST) attenuate mitochondrial injury and improve cardiac function in the context of I/R injury. This is achieved by the activation of two principal cell survival cascades: 1) the Reperfusion Injury Salvage Kinase (RISK) pathway; and 2) the Survivor Activating Factor Enhancement (SAFE) pathway. Recent data suggest that high density lipoprotein (HDL) mimics the effects of conditioning protocols and attenuates myocardial I/R injury via activation of the RISK and SAFE signaling cascades. In this review, we discuss the roles of apolipoproteinA-I (apoA-I), the major protein constituent of HDL, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a lysosphingolipid associated with small, dense HDL particles as mediators of cardiomyocyte survival. Both apoA-I and S1P exert an infarct-sparing effect by preventing ROS-dependent injury and inhibiting the opening of the mPTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roger White
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Samantha Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G M Anantharamaiah
- The Division of Gerontology, Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Prüfer N, Kleuser B, van der Giet M. The role of serum amyloid A and sphingosine-1-phosphate on high-density lipoprotein functionality. Biol Chem 2016; 396:573-83. [PMID: 25252751 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the most important endogenous cardiovascular protective markers. HDL is an attractive target in the search for new pharmaceutical therapies and in the prevention of cardiovascular events. Some of HDL's anti-atherogenic properties are related to the signaling molecule sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which plays an important role in vascular homeostasis. However, for different patient populations it seems more complicated. Significant changes in HDL's protective potency are reduced under pathologic conditions and HDL might even serve as a proatherogenic particle. Under uremic conditions especially there is a change in the compounds associated with HDL. S1P is reduced and acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A (SAA) are found to be elevated in HDL. The conversion of HDL in inflammation changes the functional properties of HDL. High amounts of SAA are associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. SAA has potent pro-atherogenic properties, which may have impact on HDL's biological functions, including cholesterol efflux capacity, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. This review focuses on two molecules that affect the functionality of HDL. The balance between functional and dysfunctional HDL is disturbed after the loss of the protective sphingolipid molecule S1P and the accumulation of the acute-phase protein SAA. This review also summarizes the biological activities of lipid-free and lipid-bound SAA and its impact on HDL function.
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Hussein H, Saheb S, Couturier M, Atassi M, Orsoni A, Carrié A, Therond P, Chantepie S, Robillard P, Bruckert E, Chapman MJ, Kontush A. Small, dense high-density lipoprotein 3 particles exhibit defective antioxidative and anti-inflammatory function in familial hypercholesterolemia: Partial correction by low-density lipoprotein apheresis. J Clin Lipidol 2015; 10:124-33. [PMID: 26892129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) features elevated oxidative stress and accelerated atherosclerosis driven by elevated levels of atherogenic lipoproteins relative to subnormal levels of atheroprotective high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Small, dense HDL3 potently protects low-density lipoprotein (LDL) against proinflammatory oxidative damage. OBJECTIVE To determine whether antioxidative and/or anti-inflammatory activities of HDL are defective in FH and whether such defects are corrected by LDL apheresis. METHODS Antioxidative and antiinflammatory activities of HDL were evaluated as protection of reference LDL from oxidative stress and capacity to prevent accumulation of proinflammatory oxidised lipids, respectively. Lipid surface rigidity of HDL was assessed using a fluorescent probe. HDL components were measured by analytical approaches. Systemic oxidative stress was characterized as plasma 8-isoprostanes. RESULTS Pre-LDL-apheresis, FH patients (n = 10) exhibited elevated systemic oxidative stress (3.3-fold, P < 0.001) vs. sex- and age-matched normolipidemic controls (n = 10). Both antioxidative and antiinflammatory activity of HDL3 were impaired (up to -91%, P < 0.01) in FH. Sphingomyelin and saturated fatty acid contents were elevated in FH HDL3, resulting in enhanced lipid surface rigidity. The surface lipid content (phospholipids, free cholesterol) was reduced in FH (up to -15%, P < 0.001), whereas content of core lipids (cholesteryl esters, triglycerides) was elevated (up to +17%, P < 0.001). Molar apolipoprotein A-I content of HDL3 was subnormal in FH. A single LDL-apheresis session partially corrected (by up to 76%) deficient HDL antiatherogenic activities, attenuated systemic oxidative stress and partially normalised both the lipid composition and surface rigidity of HDL particles. CONCLUSIONS FH features elevated oxidative stress and deficient antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of small, dense HDL3; such functional deficiency is intimately linked to anomalies in lipid and protein composition, which may impair the capacity of HDL to acquire and inactivate oxidized lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Hussein
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Samir Saheb
- AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Martine Couturier
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France; Hôpital Bicetre, Bicetre, France
| | | | - Alexina Orsoni
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Alain Carrié
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | | | - Sandrine Chantepie
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Paul Robillard
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Eric Bruckert
- AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - M John Chapman
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France.
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Ma Y, Jiang C, Yao N, Li Y, Wang Q, Fang S, Shang X, Zhao M, Che C, Ni Y, Zhang J, Yin Z. Antihyperlipidemic effect of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja extract and inhibition of apolipoprotein B48 overproduction in hyperlipidemic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 166:286-296. [PMID: 25794806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cyclocarya paliurus (CP) Batal., the sole species in its genus, is a native plant to China. As a traditional Chinese folk medicine, the tree leaves have been widely used for the treatment of metabolic disorders, including hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes and hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic effect of CP ethanol extract, as well as its inhibitory activity on apolipoproteinB48 (apoB48), in normal and hyperlipidemic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antihyperlipidemic effect of CP was evaluated in hyperlipidemic mice induced by high-fat diet for 4 weeks. CP ethanol extract (0.37, 0.75 and 1.5g/kg/day) was orally administrated once daily. Lipids and antioxidant profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), together with the indices of hepatic and renal functions were examined. RT-qPCR and western blotting were used to analysis the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), total- and triglyceride-rich apoB48 (TRL-apoB48), as well as the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activatein kinase (MAPK). RESULTS CP as well as simvastatin remarkably lowered the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and MDA, and at the same time, elevated the HDL-C, SOD and GSH-Px in high-fat diet mice. It also decreased the serum concentration of total- and TRL-apoB48 in the fasting state. CP inhibited TNF-α expression and phosphorylation level of MAPK. Furthermore, the HE staining of liver and kidney, together with hepatic and renal function analysis showed hepato- and renoprotective activities of CP. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that CP possesses beneficial potentials for use in treating hyperlipidemia and the underlying lipid-lowering mechanism might associate with a down-regulation of the intestinal-associated lipoprotein apoB48, which may provide evidence about its practical application for treating hyperlipidemia and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglan Ma
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Nan Yao
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Shengzuo Fang
- College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xulan Shang
- College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Tradition Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chuntao Che
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Tradition Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yicheng Ni
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Theragnostic Laboratory, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jian Zhang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, and WHO Collaborating Center for Tradition Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Study Makes High-Density Lipoprotein a Biomarker for Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:164846. [PMID: 26090384 PMCID: PMC4450224 DOI: 10.1155/2015/164846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a lipid and protein complex that consists of apolipoproteins and lower level HDL-associated enzymes. HDL dysfunction is a factor in atherosclerosis and decreases patient survival. Mass spectrometry- (MS-) based proteomics provides a high throughput approach for analyzing the composition and modifications of complex HDL proteins in diseases. HDL can be separated according to size, surface charge, electronegativity, or apoprotein composition. MS-based proteomics on subfractionated HDL then allows investigation of lipoprotein roles in diseases. Herein, we review recent developments in MS-based quantitative proteomic techniques, HDL proteomics and lipoprotein modifications in diseases, and HDL subfractionation studies. We also discuss future directions and perspectives in MS-based proteomics on HDL.
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Cunha JD, Maselli LMF, Stern ACB, Spada C, Bydlowski SP. Impact of antiretroviral therapy on lipid metabolism of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: Old and new drugs. World J Virol 2015; 4:56-77. [PMID: 25964872 PMCID: PMC4419122 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v4.i2.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, the 1990s were marked by the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) representing a new perspective of life for these patients. The use of HAART was shown to effectively suppress the replication of HIV-1 and dramatically reduce mortality and morbidity, which led to a better and longer quality of life for HIV-1-infected patients. Apart from the substantial benefits that result from the use of various HAART regimens, laboratory and clinical experience has shown that HAART can induce severe and considerable adverse effects related to metabolic complications of lipid metabolism, characterized by signs of lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, central adiposity, dyslipidemia, increased risk of cardiovascular disease and even an increased risk of atherosclerosis. New drugs are being studied, new therapeutic strategies are being implemented, and the use of statins, fibrates, and inhibitors of intestinal cholesterol absorption have been effective alternatives. Changes in diet and lifestyle have also shown satisfactory results.
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High-Density Lipoprotein Prevents Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Downregulation of Liver LOX-1 Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124285. [PMID: 25923692 PMCID: PMC4414515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a specific cell-surface receptor for oxidized-low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). The impact of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated alteration of the LOX-1 level in hepatocytes remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the impact on LOX-1 expression by tunicamycin (TM)-induced ER stress and to determine the effect of HDL on TM-affected LOX-1 expression in hepatic L02 cells. Overexpression or silencing of related cellular genes was conducted in TM-treated cells. mRNA expression was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Protein expression was analyzed by western blot and immunocytochemistry. Lipid uptake was examined by DiI-ox-LDL, followed by flow cytometric analysis. The results showed that TM induced the upregulation of ER chaperone GRP78, downregulation of LOX-1 expression, and lipid uptake. Knock down of IRE1 or XBP-1 effectively restored LOX-1 expression and improved lipid uptake in TM-treated cells. HDL treatment prevented the negative impact on LOX-1 expression and lipid uptake induced by TM. Additionally, 1–10 μg/mL HDL significantly reduced the GRP78, IRE1, and XBP-1 expression levels in TM-treated cells. Our findings reveal that HDL could prevent the TM-induced reduction of LOX-1 expression via inhibiting the IRE1/XBP-1 pathway, suggesting a new mechanism for beneficial roles of HDL in improving lipid metabolism.
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HUANG LIZHU, GAO JIALIN, PU CHUN, ZHANG PUHONG, WANG LIZHUO, FENG GANG, ZHANG YAO. Apolipoprotein M: Research progress, regulation and metabolic functions (Review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1617-24. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Padma VV, Lalitha G, Shirony NP, Baskaran R. Effect of quercetin against lindane induced alterations in the serum and hepatic tissue lipids in wistar rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 2:910-5. [PMID: 23569870 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60252-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of quercetin (flavonoid) against lindane induced alterations in lipid profile of wistar rats. METHODS Rats were administered orally with lindane (100 mg/kg body weight) and quercetin (10 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. After the end of treatment period lipid profile was estimated in serum and tissue. RESULTS Elevated levels of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) and tissue triglycerides, cholesterol with concomitant decrease in serum HDL and tissue phospholipids were decreased in lindane treated rats were found to be significantly decreased in the quercetin and lindane co-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that quercetin has hypolipidemic effect and offers protection against lindane induced toxicity in liver by restoring the altered levels of lipids. The quercetin cotreatment along with lindane for 30 days reversed these biochemical alterations in lipids induced by lindane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanadha Vijaya Padma
- Animal tissue culture and Molecular genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641 046, Tamilnadu, India
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Effect of grapeseed oil on diazinon-induced physiological and histopathological alterations in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 22:284-92. [PMID: 25972749 PMCID: PMC4423718 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollution of environment by toxic chemicals is a global and chronic problem. Human health risk due to exposure to chemical pollutants is constantly increasing. Pesticides form major toxic chemicals in environment. Scientifically, there is an obviously correlation between the exposure to pesticides and appearance of many diseases. Currently, the significance of natural products for health and medicine has been formidable. The present study investigated the effect of grapeseed oil in male rats exposed to diazinon. The experimental rats were divided into five groups. The rats of the first group were served as control. The experimental animals of the second group were exposed to diazinon (DZN). The animals of the third group were supplemented with grapeseed oil and treated with DZN. The rats of the fourth group were supplemented with grapeseed oil. The experimental rats of the fifth group were supplemented with corn oil. Hematobiochemical and histopathological evaluations were chosen as indicators of DZN toxicity and protective role of grapeseed oil. In rats exposed only to DZN, the levels of serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were statistically increased, while the level of serum total protein was significantly decreased. Moreover, the histopathological evaluations of the liver, kidney and testis showed that DZN causes several severe alterations. Pretreatment with grapeseed oil exhibited a protective role against DZN toxicity which confirmed by the inhibition of hematobiochemical and histopathological changes due to DZN exposure. Additionally, the present study suggests that the effect of grapeseed oil supplementation against DZN toxicity may be attributed to the antioxidant role of its constituents.
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Fan Y, Li J, Yin Q, Zhang Y, Xu H, Shi X, Li C, Zhou Y, Zhou C. Effect of extractions from Ephedra sinica Stapf on hyperlipidemia in mice. Exp Ther Med 2014; 9:619-625. [PMID: 25574244 PMCID: PMC4280985 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypolipidemic and antioxidant potential of ephedra extractions in diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Mice were fed a diet high in fat to establish the hyperlipidemic model. A total of 48 mice were randomly divided into six groups, which included the normal control, model control, positive control, ephedra alkaloid, ephedra polysaccharide and ephedra non-alkaloid groups. Intragastric administration of the respective treatments was provided continuously for four weeks and the body weight was recorded weekly. The total levels of cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum were recorded. In addition, changes in liver morphology and organ coefficients (ratio of organ to body weight) were evaluated, while the acute toxicity reactions of ephedra extractions were investigated using the modified Spearman-Karber method. Compared with the mice in the model control group, the weight, liver coefficient, serum levels of TC, TG and MDA, and activities of ALT and AST were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the mice in the ephedra non-alkaloid group. However, the level of HDL-C and the activity of SOD were markedly higher (P<0.05). Fatty degeneration of the liver in the ephedra alkaloid and non-alkaloid groups was notably improved compared with the model control group. The mean lethal dose (LD50) of ephedra alkaloids was 610 mg/kg, and the maximum tolerated dose of oral ephedra non-alkaloids in the mice was 367.5-fold larger than the clinical dosage in humans. In conclusion, ephedra non-alkaloids have therapeutic potential for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, since they are able to improve lipid metabolism and are relatively safe for use under the maximum tolerated dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Fan
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R.C (Level Three), Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Yin
- Humanwell Healthcare Group Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Yisheng Zhang
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R.C (Level Three), Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Xu
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R.C (Level Three), Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Shi
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R.C (Level Three), Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R.C (Level Three), Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R.C (Level Three), Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Caixin Zhou
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of P.R.C (Level Three), Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
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