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Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Khandige PS, Imran M, Gulati M, Khalid Anwer M, Elossaily GM, Ali N, Wal P, Gasmi A. The link between Alzheimer's disease and stroke: A detrimental synergism. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102388. [PMID: 38914265 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Being age-related disorders, both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and stroke share multiple risk factors, such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) Ɛ4 genotype, and coexist in patients. Accumulation of amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangled impair cognitive potential, leading to AD. Blocked blood flow in the neuronal tissues, causes neurodegeneration and cell death in stroke. AD is commonly characterized by cerebral amyloid angiopathy, which significantly elevates the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Patients with AD and stroke have been both reported to exhibit greater cognitive impairment, followed by multiple pathophysiological mechanisms shared between the two. The manuscript aims to elucidate the relationship between AD and stroke, as well as the common pathways and risk factors while understanding the preventive therapies that might limit the negative impacts of this correlation, with diagnostic modalities and current AD treatments. The authors provide a comprehensive review of the link and aid the healthcare professionals to identify suitable targets and risk factors, that may retard cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in patients. However, more intricate research is required in this regard and an interdisciplinary approach that would target both the vascular and neurodegenerative factors would improve the quality of life in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- University of Glasgow, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar Sadhar, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Prasanna Shama Khandige
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 1444411, India; ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 20227, Australia
| | - Md Khalid Anwer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gehan M Elossaily
- Department of Baisc Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pranay Wal
- PSIT Kanpur, Department of Pharmacy, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amin Gasmi
- Societe Francophone de Nutritherapie et de Nutrigenetique Appliquee, Villeurbanne, France; International Institute of Nutrition and Micronutrition Sciences, Saint Etienne, France
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Liao MH, Lin YK, Gau FY, Tseng CC, Wu DC, Hsu CY, Chung KH, Li RC, Hu CJ, Then CK, Shen SC. Antidepressant sertraline increases thioflavin-S and Congo red deposition in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 transgenic mice. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1260838. [PMID: 38259283 PMCID: PMC10800414 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1260838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Depression is strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Antidepressants are commonly used in patients before and after their diagnosis of AD. To date, the relationship between antidepressants and AD remains unclear. Methods: In our study, we administered sertraline or paroxetine to wild type (WT) and APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PSEN1) transgenic mouse models for up to 12 months. We quantified the drug concentrations using LC-MS/MS analysis and measured serum serotonin level using an ELISA assay. Additionally, we evaluated the amyloid burdens through thioflavin-S and Congo red stainings, and recognition memory using the novel object recognition test. Results: Our findings revealed that mice treated with paroxetine exhibited a significantly higher level of weight gain compared to the control group and increased mortality in APP/PSEN1 mice. After 12 months of antidepressant treatment, the sertraline level was measured at 289.8 ng/g for cerebellum, while the paroxetine level was 792.9 ng/g for cerebellum. Sertraline significantly increased thioflavin-S and Congo red depositions, along with gliosis, in both isocortex and hippocampus of APP/PSEN1 mice compared to the control group. Both antidepressants also led to a decreased recognition index in APP/PSEN1 mice. Conclusion: These findings suggest a potential role of sertraline in AD pathogenesis, emphasizing the need to reassess the use of these antidepressants in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsuan Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Kuang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Ying Gau
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Da-Chih Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Yuan Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rung-Chi Li
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shuang Ho Hospital, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chee Kin Then
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sande R, Godad A, Doshi G. Zebrafish Experimental Animal Models for AD: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2024; 19:295-311. [PMID: 38284707 DOI: 10.2174/0127724328279684240104094257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
AD disease (AD) is a multifaceted and intricate neurodegenerative disorder characterized by intracellular neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation and the excessive production and deposition of Aβ senile plaques. While transgenic AD models have been found instrumental in unravelling AD pathogenesis, they involve cost and time constraints during the preclinical phase. Zebrafish, owing to their simplicity, well-defined behavioural patterns, and relevance to neurodegenerative research, have emerged as a promising complementary model. Zebrafish possess glutaminergic and cholinergic pathways implicated in learning and memory, actively contributing to our understanding of neural transmission processes. This review sheds light on the molecular mechanisms by which various neurotoxic agents, including okadaic acid (OKA), cigarette smoke extract, metals, and transgenic zebrafish models with genetic similarities to AD patients, induce cognitive impairments and neuronal degeneration in mammalian systems. These insights may facilitate the identification of effective neurotoxic agents for replicating AD pathogenesis in the zebrafish brain. In this comprehensive review, the pivotal role of zebrafish models in advancing our comprehension of AD is emphasized. These models hold immense potential for shaping future research directions and clinical interventions, ultimately contributing to the development of novel AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruksar Sande
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Angel Godad
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Gaurav Doshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, V L M Road, Vile Parle (w), Mumbai, 400056, India
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Pouramiri B, Rashidi M, Lotfi S, Mohammadi M, Rabiei K. Biological Evaluation of Anti-Cholinesterase Activity, in Silico Molecular Docking Studies, and DFT Calculations of Green Synthesized Thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301193. [PMID: 37869899 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of [1,3,4] thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate derivatives 4(a-n) have been designed and synthesized as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Synthesizing of thiadiazolo[3,2-a] pyrimidines was carried out in a single step, one-pot reaction using aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and different derivatives of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles (with molar ratio of 1 : 2 : 1, respectively) in conjunction with the catalyst, anhydrous iron(III) chloride by a grinding method under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. The in-vitro studies exhibited good potency for inhibiting AChE comparable with donepezil as the reference drug. The best results were obtained by Ethyl 2-(4-nitroophenyl)-7-methyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate 4n with IC50 value of 0.082±0.001 μM which was comparable with AChE inhibitory effects of donepezil (IC50 =0.079 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Behjat Pouramiri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Qom University of Technology, Qom
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 37195 Qom, Iran
| | - Safa Lotfi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Khadijeh Rabiei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Qom University of Technology, Qom
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Ge Z, Liu JC, Sun JA, Mao XZ. Tyrosinase Inhibitory Peptides from Enzyme Hydrolyzed Royal Jelly: Production, Separation, Identification and Docking Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112240. [PMID: 37297482 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is inextricably related to the development of Alzheimer's disease. The effects of natural tyrosinase inhibitors on human health have attracted widespread attention. This study aimed to isolate and analyze the tyrosinase (TYR) inhibitory peptides in the enzymatic digestion products of royal jelly. We first analyzed optimal process conditions for the enzymatic digestion of royal jelly by single-factor and orthogonal experiments and then used gel filtration chromatography to obtain five fractions (D1~D5) with molecular weights ranging from 600 to 1100 Da. LC-MS/MS was applied to identify the fractions with the highest activity, and the obtained peptides were screened and molecularly docked using AutoDock Vina. The results showed that the optimal enzymatic conditions for tyrosinase inhibition rate were acid protease, enzyme addition 10,000 U/g, initial pH 4, feed-to-liquid ratio 1:4, enzymatic temperature 55 °C, and enzymatic time 4 h. The D4 fraction had the most significant TYR inhibitory activity. The IC50 values of the three new peptides with the strongest TYR inhibitory activity, TIPPPT, IIPFIF, and ILFTLL, were obtained as 7.59 mg/mL, 6.16 mg/mL, and 9.25 mg/mL, respectively. The molecular docking results showed that aromatic and hydrophobic amino acids were more favorable to occupy the catalytic center of TYR. In conclusion, the new peptide extracted from royal jelly has the potential to be used as a natural TYR inhibitory peptide in food products with health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ge
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jun-Cai Liu
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Jian-An Sun
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Xiang-Zhao Mao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Yang F, Zhao J, Chen G, Han H, Hu S, Wang N, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Dai B, Hou Y, Liu Y. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of hydrazones as dual inhibitors of ryanodine receptors and acetylcholinesterases for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106432. [PMID: 36841050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) implicates neuronal loss, plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation, and disturbed neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis, which leads to severe dementia, memory loss, as well as thinking and behavioral perturbations that could ultimately lead to death. Calcium dysregulation and low acetylcholine levels are two main mechanisms implicated in Alzheimer's disease progression. Simultaneous inhibition of calcium oscillations (store overload-induced Ca2+ release [SOICR]) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by a single molecule may bring a new breath of hope for AD treatment. Here, we described some dantrolene derivatives as dual inhibitors of the ryanodine receptor and AChE. Two series of acylhydrazone/sulfonylhydrazone derivatives with aromaticgroup were designed and synthesized. In this study, the target compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit SOICR and AChE in vitro, using dantrolene and donepezil as positive controls. Compound 22a exhibited excellent and balanced inhibitory potency against SOICR (inhibition (%) = 90.1, IC50 = 0.162 μM) and AChE (inhibition (%) = 93.5, IC50 = 0.372 μM). Docking simulations showed that several preferred compounds could bind to the active sites of both the proteins, further validating the rationality of the design strategy. Potential therapeutic effects in AD were evaluated using the Barnes maze and Morris water maze tests, which demonstrated that compound 22a significantly improved memory and cognitive behavior in AD model mice. Moreover, it was also found that compound 22a could enhance synaptic strength by measuring hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in brain slices. These results suggested that the introduction of a sulfonyl-hydrazone scaffold and aromatic substitution to dantrolene derivatives provided a useful template for the development of potential chemical entities against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jiangang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hao Han
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Ningwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Junqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yuzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Baozhu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Yajing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Sharma P, Singh M. An ongoing journey of chalcone analogues as single and multi-target ligands in the field of Alzheimer's disease: A review with structural aspects. Life Sci 2023; 320:121568. [PMID: 36925061 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with progressive dementia and cognitive impairment. AD poses severe health challenge in elderly people and become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It possesses complex pathophysiology with several hypotheses (cholinergic hypothesis, amyloid hypothesis, tau hypothesis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction etc.). Several attempts have been made for the management of multifactorial AD. Acetylcholinesterase is the only target has been widely explored in the management of AD to the date. The current review set forth the chalcone based natural, semi-synthetic and synthetic compounds in the search of potential anti-Alzheimer's agents. The main highlights of current review emphasizes on chalcone target different enzymes and pathways like Acetylcholinesterase, β-secretase (BACE1), tau proteins, MAO, free radicals, Advanced glycation end Products (AGEs) etc. and their structure activity relationships contributing in the inhibition of above mentioned various targets of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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Ahmad F, Sachdeva P, Sarkar J, Izhaar R. Circadian dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease - An updated review. Aging Med (Milton) 2023; 6:71-81. [PMID: 36911088 PMCID: PMC10000289 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered to be the most typical form of dementia that provokes irreversible cognitive impairment. Along with cognitive impairment, circadian rhythm dysfunction is a fundamental factor in aggravating AD. A link among circadian rhythms, sleep, and AD has been well-documented. The etiopathogenesis of circadian system disruptions and AD serves some general characteristics that also open up the possibility of viewing them as a mutually reliant path. In this review, we have focused on different factors that are related to circadian rhythm dysfunction. The various pathogenic factors, such as amyloid-beta, neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and circadian rhythm dysfunction may all contribute to AD. In this review, we also tried to focus on melatonin which is produced from the pineal gland and can be used to treat circadian dysfunction in AD. Aside from amyloid beta, tau pathology may have a notable influence on sleep. Conclusively, the center of this review is primarily based on the principal mechanistic complexities associated with circadian rhythm disruption, sleep deprivation, and AD, and it also emphasizes the potential therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmad
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology Jamia Hamdard University Delhi India
| | - Punya Sachdeva
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences Amity University Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Jasmine Sarkar
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences Amity University Noida Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Raafiah Izhaar
- Department of Biosciences Jamia Millia Islamia Delhi India
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Alkahtani S, AL-Johani NS, Alarifi S. Mechanistic Insights, Treatment Paradigms, and Clinical Progress in Neurological Disorders: Current and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021340. [PMID: 36674852 PMCID: PMC9865061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a major cause of disability and are related to brain development. The neurological signs of brain lesions can vary from mild clinical shortfalls to more delicate and severe neurological/behavioral symptoms and learning disabilities, which are progressive. In this paper, we have tried to summarize a collective view of various NDs and their possible therapeutic outcomes. These diseases often occur as a consequence of the misfolding of proteins post-translation, as well as the dysfunctional trafficking of proteins. In the treatment of neurological disorders, a challenging hurdle to cross regarding drug delivery is the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB plays a unique role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) by exchanging components between the circulations and shielding the brain from neurotoxic pathogens and detrimental compounds. Here, we outline the current knowledge about BBB deterioration in the evolving brain, its origin, and therapeutic interventions. Additionally, we summarize the physiological scenarios of the BBB and its role in various cerebrovascular diseases. Overall, this information provides a detailed account of BBB functioning and the development of relevant treatments for neurological disorders. This paper will definitely help readers working in the field of neurological scientific communities.
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Hu YT, Chen XL, Zhang YN, McGurran H, Stormmesand J, Breeuwsma N, Sluiter A, Zhao J, Swaab D, Bao AM. Sex differences in hippocampal β-amyloid accumulation in the triple-transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and the potential role of local estrogens. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1117584. [PMID: 36968493 PMCID: PMC10030503 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1117584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epidemiological studies show that women have a higher prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) than men. Peripheral estrogen reduction during aging in women is proposed to play a key role in this sex-associated prevalence, however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We previously found that transcription factor early growth response-1 (EGR1) significantly regulates cholinergic function. EGR1 stimulates acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene expression and is involved in AD pathogenesis. We aimed to investigate whether the triple-transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice harboring PS1 M146V , APP Swe , and Tau P301L show sex differences in β-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-Tau), the two primary AD hallmarks, and how local 17β-estradiol (E2) may regulate the expression of EGR1 and AChE. Methods We first sacrificed male and female 3xTg-AD mice at 3-4, 7-8, and 11-12 months and measured the levels of Aβ, p-Tau, EGR1, and AChE in the hippocampal complex. Second, we infected SH-SY5Y cells with lentivirus containing the amyloid precursor protein construct C99, cultured with or without E2 administration we measured the levels of extracellular Aβ and intracellular EGR1 and AChE. Results Female 3xTg-AD mice had higher levels of Aβ compared to males, while no p-Tau was found in either group. In SH-SY5Y cells infected with lentivirus containing the amyloid precursor protein construct C99, we observed significantly increased extracellular Aβ and decreased expression of intracellular EGR1 and AChE. By adding E2 to the culture medium, extracellular Aβ(l-42) was significantly decreased while intracellular EGR1 and AChE expression were elevated. Discussion This data shows that the 3xTg-AD mouse model can be useful for studying the human sex differences of AD, but only in regards to Ap. Furthermore, in vitro data shows local E2 may be protective for EGR1 and cholinergic functions in AD while suppressing soluble Aβ(1-42) levels. Altogether, this study provides further in vivo and in vitro data supporting the human epidemiological data indicating a higher prevalence of AD in women is related to changes in brain estrogen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Hu
- Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Lu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hugo McGurran
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jochem Stormmesand
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Breeuwsma
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arja Sluiter
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Juan Zhao
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dick Swaab
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Dick Swaab,
| | - Ai-Min Bao
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ai-Min Bao,
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11
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Chellammal HSJ, Hasan MH, Kshirsagar RP, Musukula VKR, Ramachandran D, Diwan PV. Metformin inhibits cardiometabolic syndrome associated cognitive deficits in high fat diet rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1415-1426. [PMID: 36404813 PMCID: PMC9672285 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance are hallmarks of metabolic syndrome and lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study is to elucidate the neuroprotective effect of metformin through insulin regulation with cardiometabolic and neurotransmitter metabolic enzyme regulation in high-fat, high-sucrose diet and streptozotocin (HFHS-STZ)-induced rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were treated with metformin (180 mg/kg and 360 mg/kg). STZ (35 mg/kg i.p.) injection was performed on the 14th day of 42 days of HFHS diet treatment. Brain neurotransmitter metabolic enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase) were determined along with sodium-potassium ATPase (Na+K+-ATPase). Plasma lipids and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was performed. Mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and electrocardiogram (QT, QTc and RR intervals) were analysed with PowerLab. Results Metformin treatment significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the HOMA-IR index and decreased neurotransmitter metabolic enzymes such as AChE and MAO (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05). The lipid profile was significantly (p < 0.001) controlled with cardiometabolic functions. Conclusions Our investigation revealed that metformin has a remarkable role in regulating brain insulin, vascular system with monoaminergic metabolic enzymes and enhancing synaptic plasticity. Metformin may be a selective early therapeutic agent in metabolic syndrome associated with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanish Singh Jayasingh Chellammal
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300 Malaysia
| | - Mizaton Hazizul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300 Malaysia
| | - Rahul P Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yashodeep Institute of Pharmacy, Sangram Nagar, Aurangabad, 431001 India
- Department of Pharmacology, Anurag Group of Institutions, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500088 India
| | | | - Dhani Ramachandran
- Unit of Pathology, International Medical School, Management & Science University, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan 40100 Malaysia
| | - Prakash V Diwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Anurag Group of Institutions, Venkatapur, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500088 India
- Central Research Laboratory, Maratha Mandal Group of Institutions, Belgaum, Karnataka 590019 India
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12
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Siafaka PI, Okur ME, Erim PD, Çağlar EŞ, Özgenç E, Gündoğdu E, Köprülü REP, Karantas ID, Üstündağ Okur N. Protein and Gene Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Where Do We Stand Today? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2425. [PMID: 36365243 PMCID: PMC9698227 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been estimated that every year, millions of people are affected by neurodegenerative disorders, which complicate their lives and their caregivers' lives. To date, there has not been an approved pharmacological approach to provide the complete treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The only available drugs may only relieve the symptoms or slow down the progression of the disease. The absence of any treatment is quite rational given that neurodegeneration occurs by the progressive loss of the function or structure of the nerve cells of the brain or the peripheral nervous system, which eventually leads to their death either by apoptosis or necrotic cell death. According to a recent study, even though adult brain cells are injured, they can revert to an embryonic state, which may help to restore their function. These interesting findings might open a new path for the development of more efficient therapeutic strategies to combat devastating neurodegenerative disorders. Gene and protein therapies have emerged as a rapidly growing field for various disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Despite these promising therapies, the complete treatment of neurodegenerative disorders has not yet been achieved. Therefore, the aim of this review is to address the most up-to-date data for neurodegenerative diseases, but most importantly, to summarize the available delivery systems incorporating proteins, peptides, and genes that can potentially target such diseases and pass into the blood-brain barrier. The authors highlight the advancements, at present, on delivery based on the carrier, i.e., lipid, polymeric, and inorganic, as well as the recent studies on radiopharmaceutical theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Evren Okur
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Pelin Dilsiz Erim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Altınbaş University, Istanbul 34217, Turkey
| | - Emre Şefik Çağlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Emre Özgenç
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Evren Gündoğdu
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Rabia Edibe Parlar Köprülü
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | | | - Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
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13
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Sharma M, Sharma A, Nuthakki VK, Bhatt S, Nandi U, Bharate SB. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship of caffeine-based triazoles as dual AChE and BACE-1 inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1803-1821. [PMID: 36161804 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have significantly contributed to drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases. Caffeine is one of the well-known central nervous system(CNS)-active natural products. Besides its CNS stimulant properties, it is a mild inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and possesses memory-enhancing properties. The present work aimed to improve the AChE inhibition activity of the caffeine. The rationally designed caffeine-based triazoles were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for cholinesterase and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1) inhibitory activities. The attachment of triazole to the caffeine enhances its AChE inhibition activity from half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 129 µM to 0.49 µM (derivative, 6l). The caffeine core interacts with the peripheral anionic site, whereas the benzyl triazole occupies the catalytic anionic site located at the bottom of the active site gorge. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the four-atom ester linker is superior to shorter linkers for connecting the caffeine core to the triazole. The 2,6-difluorobenzyl triazole-linked caffeine derivative, 6d, exhibits dual inhibition of AChE and BACE-1 with IC50 values of 1.43 and 10.9 µM, respectively. The derivative 6d inhibits AChE via a mixed-type mode with an inhibition rate constant (Ki ) value of 2.35 μM, which was corroborated by docking studies. The triazole 6d has an acceptable stability profile in human liver microsomes (t1/2 = 54 min) and was found to possess CNS permeability when evaluated using the parallel artificial membrane permeability blood-brain barrier assay. The results presented herein warrant investigating caffeine-based triazoles in preclinical models of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Sharma
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Vijay K Nuthakki
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shipra Bhatt
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India.,PK-PD Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India.,PK-PD Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
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14
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Aydin N, Turkez H, Tozlu OO, Arslan ME, Yavuz M, Sonmez E, Ozpolat OF, Cacciatore I, Di Stefano A, Mardinoglu A. Ameliorative Effects by Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoparticles against Beta Amyloid Induced Neurotoxicity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12152690. [PMID: 35957121 PMCID: PMC9370266 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered as the most common neurodegenerative disease. Extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition is a hallmark of AD. The options based on degradation and clearance of Aβ are preferred as promising therapeutic strategies for AD. Interestingly, recent findings indicate that boron nanoparticles not only act as a carrier but also play key roles in mediating biological effects. In the present study, the aim was to investigate the effects of different concentrations (0−500 mg/L) of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles (hBN-NPs) against neurotoxicity by beta amyloid (Aβ1-42) in differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell cultures for the first time. The synthesized hBN-NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity and therapeutic potential by hBN-NPs were assessed on differentiated SH-SY5Y cells using MTT and LDH release assays. Levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS), expression levels of genes associated with AD and cellular morphologies were examined. The exposure to Aβ1-42 significantly decreased the rates of viable cells which was accompanied by elevated TOS level. Aβ1-42 induced both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Aβ exposure led to significant increases in expression levels of APOE, BACE 1, EGFR, NCTSN and TNF-α genes and significant decreases in expression levels of ADAM 10, APH1A, BDNF, PSEN1 and PSENEN genes (p < 0.05). All the Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxic insults were inhibited by the applications with hBN-NPs. hBN-NPs also suppressed the remarkable elevation in the signal for Aβ following exposure to Aβ1-42 for 48 h. Our results indicated that hBN-NPs could significantly prevent the neurotoxic damages by Aβ. Thus, hBN-NPs could be a novel and promising anti-AD agent for effective drug development, bio-nano imaging or drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursah Aydin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25050, Turkey
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- East Anatolia High Technology Application and Research Center (DAYTAM), Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozdemir Tozlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25050, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum 25050, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yavuz
- REEM Neuropsychiatry Clinics, İstanbul 34245, Turkey
| | - Erdal Sonmez
- Department of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
- Department of Physics, Kazım Karabekir Education Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Fırat Ozpolat
- Computer Sciences Research and Application Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
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15
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Lu K, Wang Y, Zhang H, Tian C, Wang W, Yang T, Qi B, Wu S. Rational Design of a Theranostic Agent Triggered by Endogenous Nitric Oxide in a Cellular Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9193-9205. [PMID: 35729801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative damage caused by upregulated nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, stimulus-triggered theranostic agents have received much attention due to benefits on disease imaging and targeted therapeutic effects. However, the development of a theranostic agent triggered by NO for AD remains unexplored. Herein, through the mechanism analysis of the reaction between a fluorophore of 9,14-diphenyl-9,14-dihydrodibenzo[a,c]phenazine (DPAC) and NO, which we occasionally found and thereafter structure optimization of DPAC, a theranostic agent DPAC-(peg)4-memantine was fabricated. In an AD cellular model, DPAC-(peg)4-memantine exhibits NO sensing ability for AD imaging. Meanwhile, DPAC-(peg)4-memantine shows improved therapeutic by targeted drug release triggered by NO and sustained therapeutic effects owing to the synergetic antioxidative abilities via the anti-AD drug and NO scavenging. This work provides an unprecedented avenue for the studies on not only AD but also other diseases with NO upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Lu
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P. R. China
| | - Cuiqing Tian
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Tian Yang
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Baiwen Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P. R. China
| | - Song Wu
- Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
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16
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The Comparative Efficacy of Multiple Acupuncture for Alzheimer's Disease: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3288948. [PMID: 35620408 PMCID: PMC9129975 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3288948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Numerous cases have illustrated that the acupuncture method could improve AD patients' cognitive function and daily living ability. However, the optimal acupuncture treatments remain controversial. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review to compare the efficacy of multiple acupuncture therapies for AD and identify the optimal acupuncture intervention for delaying AD progression. Methods To select potentially concerned randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we searched four English databases, four Chinese databases, and additional sources from 1 May 2021. Two independent reviewers conducted study screening, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment. The primary outcome was global cognitive function improvement. Pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analyses were performed using STATA v15.0 and ADDIS v1.16.8. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to assess the quality of evidence. Results This study included 34 RCTs with 2,071 participants. Regarding global cognitive function improvement, the pairwise meta-analysis confirmed that electronic acupuncture (EA) plus conventional medicine (CM) and manual acupuncture (MA) plus CM were statistically significantly different from CM, and EA plus CM was ranked as the best combination in the network meta-analysis. In terms of response rate, MA outperformed CM statistically significantly; warm acupuncture (WA) was ranked as the best in the network meta-analysis. Regarding activity of daily living improvement, EA plus CM, MA plus CM, and fire acupuncture plus CM, MA, and scalp acupuncture were statistically significantly different from CM, and EA plus CM was ranked as the best combination in the network meta-analysis. However, the evidences were ranked as low to critically low. Conclusions Acupuncture, as a monotherapy or an adjuvant therapy, may have a beneficial effect on efficacy for AD. EA plus CM may be the optimal acupuncture therapy for AD and should be administered to AD patients. It may aid and support patient, operative, and societal decision-making. Due to the dearth of high-quality evidence, additional high-quality studies should be conducted to ensure these findings in the future. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021252305).
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17
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Gupta A, Uthayaseelan K, Uthayaseelan K, Kadari M, Subhan M, Saji Parel N, Krishna PV, Sange I. Alzheimer's Disease and Stroke: A Tangled Neurological Conundrum. Cureus 2022; 14:e25005. [PMID: 35712342 PMCID: PMC9194877 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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18
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Çakmak R, Başaran E, Şentürk M. Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of some novel Schiff bases as potential metabolic enzyme inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100430. [PMID: 34994010 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of novel Schiff base derivatives containing a pyrazolone ring (2a-e) were designed, successfully synthesized for the first time, and characterized by elemental analysis and some spectroscopic methods. These compounds were tested for their inhibitory activities on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and the human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II (hCA I and II). All synthesized molecules indicated significant inhibition effects with IC50 values ranging from 14.15 to 107.62 nM against these enzymes. Compound 2d showed the most potent inhibitory activity among the tested molecules toward AChE and BChE (IC50 = 15.07 and 14.15 nM) compared to the standard drug neostigmine. We determined that the IC50 values of the tested molecules ranged between 16.86 and 57.96 nM for hCA I and 15.24-46.21 nM for hCA II. As a consequence, we may say that some of the Schiff base derivatives may be used as potential drug candidates in later studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşit Çakmak
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Eyüp Başaran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Murat Şentürk
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Ağrı Ibrahim Çecen University, Ağrı, Turkey
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19
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Jodko-Piórecka K, Sikora B, Kluzek M, Przybylski P, Litwinienko G. Antiradical Activity of Dopamine, L-DOPA, Adrenaline, and Noradrenaline in Water/Methanol and in Liposomal Systems. J Org Chem 2021; 87:1791-1804. [PMID: 34871499 PMCID: PMC8822484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Catecholamines play
a crucial role in signal transduction and are
also expected to act as endogeneous antioxidants, but the mechanism
of their antioxidant action is not fully understood. Here, we describe
the impact of pH on the kinetics of reaction of four catecholamines
(L-DOPA, dopamine, adrenaline, and noradrenaline) with model 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
radical (dpph•) in methanol/water. The increase
in pH from 5.5 to 7.4 is followed by a 2 order of magnitude increase
in the rate constant, e.g., for dopamine (DA) kpH5.5 = 1,200 M–1 s–1 versus kpH7.4 = 170,000 M–1 s–1, and such rate acceleration is attributed to a fast
electron transfer from the DA anion to dpph•. We
also proved that at pH 7.0 DA breaks the peroxidation chain of methyl
linoleate in liposomes assembled from neutral and negatively charged
phospholipids. In contrast to no inhibitory effect during peroxidation
in non-ionic emulsions, in bilayers one molecule of DA traps approximately
four peroxyl radicals, with a rate constant kinh >103 M–1 s–1. Our results from a homogeneous system and bilayers prove that catecholamines
act as effective, radical trapping antioxidants with activity depending
on the ionization status of the catechol moiety, as well as microenvironment:
organization of the lipid system (emulsions vs bilayers) and interactions
of catecholamines with the biomembrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bożena Sikora
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Biological Physics, Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Kluzek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Paweł Przybylski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Wang P, Wang Z, Wang J, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Li H, Biswal BB. Altered Homotopic Functional Connectivity Within White Matter in the Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:697493. [PMID: 34630008 PMCID: PMC8492970 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.697493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with memory loss and cognitive impairment. The white matter (WM) BOLD signal has recently been shown to provide an important role in understanding the intrinsic cerebral activity. Although the altered homotopic functional connectivity within gray matter (GM-HFC) has been examined in AD, the abnormal HFC to WM remains unknown. The present study sought to identify changes in the WM-HFC and anatomic characteristics by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Resting-state and DTI magnetic resonance images were collected from the OASIS-3 dataset and consisted of 53 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, 90 very MCI (VMCI), and 100 normal cognitive (NC) subjects. Voxel-mirrored HFC was adopted to examine whether WM-HFC was disrupted in VMCI and MCI participants. Moreover, the DTI technique was used to investigate whether specific alterations of WM-HFC were associated with anatomic characteristics. Support vector machine analyses were used to identify the MCI and VMCI participants using the abnormal WM-HFC as the features. Compared with NC, MCI, and VMCI participants showed significantly decreased GM-HFC in the middle occipital gyrus and inferior parietal gyrus and decreased WM-HFC in the bilateral middle occipital and parietal lobe-WM. In addition, specific WM-functional network alteration for the bilateral sub-lobar-WM was found in MCI subjects. MCI subjects showed abnormal anatomic characteristics for bilateral sub-lobar and parietal lobe-WM. Results of GM-HFC mainly showed common neuroimaging features for VMCI and MCI subjects, whereas analysis of WM-HFC showed specific clinical neuromarkers and effectively compensated for the lack of GM-HFC to distinguish NC, VMCI, and MCI subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zedong Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
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21
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Xiong Y, Lim CS. Understanding the Modulatory Effects of Cannabidiol on Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091211. [PMID: 34573232 PMCID: PMC8472755 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. The deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau is considered the hallmark of AD pathology. Many therapeutic approaches such as Food and Drug Administration-approved cholinesterase inhibitors and N–methyl–D–aspartate receptor antagonists have been used to intervene in AD pathology. However, current therapies only provide limited symptomatic relief and are ineffective in preventing AD progression. Cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid devoid of psychoactive responses, provides neuroprotective effects through both cannabinoid and noncannabinoid receptors. Recent studies using an AD mouse model have suggested that CBD can reverse cognitive deficits along with Aβ-induced neuroinflammatory, oxidative responses, and neuronal death. Furthermore, CBD can reduce the accumulation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylation of tau, suggesting the possibility of delaying AD progression. Particularly, the noncannabinoid receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, has been suggested to be involved in multiple functions of CBD. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of CBD is necessary for intervening in AD pathology in depth and for the translation of preclinical studies into clinical settings. In this review, we summarize recent studies on the effect of CBD in AD and suggest problems to be overcome for the therapeutic use of CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyi Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea;
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Chae-Seok Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-850-6765; Fax: +82-63-850-7262
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Suwanhom P, Saetang J, Khongkow P, Nualnoi T, Tipmanee V, Lomlim L. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and In Silico Studies of New Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Based on Quinoxaline Scaffold. Molecules 2021; 26:4895. [PMID: 34443482 PMCID: PMC8400540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A quinoxaline scaffold exhibits various bioactivities in pharmacotherapeutic interests. In this research, twelve quinoxaline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. We found all compounds showed potent inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 values of 0.077 to 50.080 µM, along with promising predicted drug-likeness and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation. In addition, potent butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 14.91 to 60.95 µM was observed in some compounds. Enzyme kinetic study revealed the most potent compound (6c) as a mixed-type AChE inhibitor. No cytotoxicity from the quinoxaline derivatives was noticed in the human neuroblastoma cell line (SHSY5Y). In silico study suggested the compounds preferred the peripheral anionic site (PAS) to the catalytic anionic site (CAS), which was different from AChE inhibitors (tacrine and galanthamine). We had proposed the molecular design guided for quinoxaline derivatives targeting the PAS site. Therefore, the quinoxaline derivatives could offer the lead for the newly developed candidate as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paptawan Suwanhom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand;
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellent Center (PPBEC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jirakrit Saetang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand;
| | - Pasarat Khongkow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand;
| | - Teerapat Nualnoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand;
| | - Varomyalin Tipmanee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand;
| | - Luelak Lomlim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand;
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellent Center (PPBEC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
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El-Hawary SS, Sayed AM, Issa MY, Ebrahim HS, Alaaeldin R, Elrehany MA, Abd El-Kadder EM, Abdelmohsen UR. Anti-Alzheimer chemical constituents of Morus macroura Miq.: chemical profiling, in silico and in vitro investigations. Food Funct 2021; 12:8078-8089. [PMID: 34286787 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01177d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we investigated both fruits and leaves of Morus macroura Miq. as a potential source of bioactive compounds against Alzheimer's disease (AD). LC-HRMS-assisted chemical profiling of its extracts showed that they are a rich source of diverse phytochemicals. Among the 29 identified compounds in both the fruit and leaf extracts, moracin D, chrysin, resveratrol, and ferulic acid were predicted to pass the human blood-brain barrier (BBB), and hence, reach their therapeutic targets in the brain. Subsequently, these compounds were subjected to a comprehensive pharmacophore-based screening for their protein targets relevant to AD using two independent software programs (i.e. Swiss Target Prediction and PharmMapper). The results of this initial virtual screening were further refined by a number of docking and molecular dynamic simulation experiments to suggest a number of crucial AD-related proteins (e.g. acetylcholine esterase, β-secretase, and monoamine oxidase) as potential targets for these compounds. Finally, in vitro testing was performed to validate the in silico investigation's results, where chrysin, resveratrol, and ferulic acid were found to inhibit the predicted AD-related enzymes with IC50 values comparable with those of the reference inhibitors. Additionally, they were able to inhibit the aggregation of amyloid-beta, one of the hallmarks in AD pathogenesis, and to exhibit considerable antioxidant capacity. Our results highlighted Morus macroura compounds as future anti-Alzheimer chemical leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham S El-Hawary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Zhao Y, Dong Y, Ge Q, Cui P, Sun N, Lin S. Neuroprotective effects of NDEELNK from sea cucumber ovum against scopolamine-induced PC12 cell damage through enhancing energy metabolism and upregulation of the PKA/BDNF/NGF signaling pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:7676-7687. [PMID: 34259275 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00631b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the neuroprotective function of sea cucumber ovum peptide-derived NDEELNK and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. NDEELNK exerted the neuroprotective effect by improving the acetylcholine (ACh) level and reducing the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in PC12 cells. By molecular docking, we confirmed that the NDEELNK backbone and AChE interacted through hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds in contact with the amino acid residues of the cavity wall. NDEELNK increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thereby reducing mitochondrial dysfunction and enhancing energy metabolism. Our results demonstrated that NDEELNK supplementation alleviated scopolamine-induced PC12 cell damage by improving the cholinergic system, increasing energy metabolism and upregulating the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase A (p-PKA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling proteins in in vitro experiments. These results demonstrated that the sea cucumber ovum peptide-derived NDEELNK might play a protective role in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P. R. China.
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Suciati, Poerwantoro D, Widyawaruyanti A, Ingkaninan K. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of extract and fractions from the root of Rauvolfia serpentina(L.) Bth.ex Kurz. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:313-317. [PMID: 34214376 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease characterized by confusion, behavior changes, decline in memory and cognitive skills. One of the strategies in the treatment of AD is to use acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. The current study aims to determine the AChE inhibitory activities of the extract and fractions of the root of Rauvolfia serpentina. METHODS Extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol, followed by liquid-liquid partition using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Further fractionation was conducted by using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). The AChE inhibitory assays were performed by using Ellmann's method. Phytochemical screening was carried out by TLC method. RESULTS The ethanolic extract of R. serpentina showed inhibition against AChE enzyme with an IC50 value of 7.46 μg/mL. The extract and fractions showed higher inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) compared to AChE. Amongst three fractions obtained, the n-butanol fraction showed the strongest inhibition with an IC50 value of 5.99 μg/mL against AChE. VLC fractionation of the n-butanol fraction yielded 13 subfractions (VLC 1-VLC 13). Four out of 13 subfractions gave more than 80% inhibition against AChE, namely subfractions 4-7, with IC50 values ranging from 4.87 to 47.22 μg/mL. The phytochemical screening of these subfractions suggested the presence of alkaloids. CONCLUSIONS The ethanolic extract, as well as fractions of R. serpentina root, are potential for AChE inhibitor. The alkaloid compound may be responsible for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suciati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia.,Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Debora Poerwantoro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aty Widyawaruyanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia.,Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Çayan F, Tel‐Çayan G, Deveci E, Duru ME. A comprehensive study on phenolic compounds and bioactive properties of five mushroom species via chemometric approach. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Çayan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies Muğla Vocational School Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Muğla Turkey
| | - Gülsen Tel‐Çayan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies Muğla Vocational School Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Muğla Turkey
| | - Ebru Deveci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology Technical Sciences Vocational School Konya Technical University Konya Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Duru
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Muğla Turkey
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Ghanei-Nasab S, Hadizadeh F, Foroumadi A, Marjani A. A QSAR Study for the Prediction of Inhibitory Activity of Coumarin Derivatives for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-05064-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Iqubal A, Rahman SO, Ahmed M, Bansal P, Haider MR, Iqubal MK, Najmi AK, Pottoo FH, Haque SE. Current Quest in Natural Bioactive Compounds for Alzheimer's Disease: Multi-Targeted-Designed-Ligand Based Approach with Preclinical and Clinical Based Evidence. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:685-720. [PMID: 33302832 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201209201004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a common and most chronic neurological disorder (NDs) associated with cognitive dysfunction. Pathologically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques, hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins, and neurofibrillary tangles, however, persistence oxidative-nitrative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory cytokines, pro-apoptotic proteins along with altered neurotransmitters level are common etiological attributes in its pathogenesis. Rivastigmine, memantine, galantamine, and donepezil are FDA approved drugs for symptomatic management of AD, whereas tacrine has been withdrawn because of hepatotoxic profile. These approved drugs only exert symptomatic relief and exhibit poor patient compliance. In the current scenario, the number of published evidence shows the neuroprotective potential of naturally occurring bioactive molecules via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and neurotransmitter modulatory properties. Despite their potent therapeutic implications, concerns have arisen in context to their efficacy and probable clinical outcome. Thus, to overcome these glitches, many heterocyclic and cyclic hydrocarbon compounds inspired by natural sources have been synthesized and showed improved therapeutic activity. Computational studies (molecular docking) have been used to predict the binding affinity of these natural bioactive as well as synthetic compounds derived from natural sources for the acetylcholine esterase, α/β secretase Nuclear Factor kappa- light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) and other neurological targets. Thus, in this review, we have discussed the molecular etiology of AD, focused on the pharmacotherapeutics of natural products, chemical and pharmacological aspects and multi-targeted designed ligands (MTDLs) of synthetic and semisynthetic molecules derived from the natural sources along with some important on-going clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Musheer Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Pratichi Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Md Rafi Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal, University, P.O.BOX 1982, Damman, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, JamiaHamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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Aslan Karakelle N, Dinçer S, Yar Sağlam AS. The effect of intracerebroventricular amyloid beta 1-42 application on cognitive functions in aged rats supplemented with taurine and the change of peroxisomal proteins in this process. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:89-97. [PMID: 33892084 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study is to investigate the change of peroxisomal proteins in the neurodegenerative and oxidative process caused by the neurotoxicity of Aβ 1-42 in aged rats supplemented with taurine and to show the possible positive effects of taurine in this process. METHODS 30 Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 5 groups as control, sham, Aβ 1-42, taurine, and Aβ 1-42+taurine. Taurine administration continued for 6 weeks (1000 mg/kg/day with drinking water). Stereotaxic surgery was applied to all groups (intracerebroventricular per lateral ventricle needle only or 5 μl, PBS, or Aβ 1-42). Spatial learning and memory performances of the animals were evaluated with Morris water maze and elevated plus maze. The levels of MDA and GSH were measured as oxidative stress parameters in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Expressions of CAT, PEX14, PMP70 of peroxisomal membrane proteins were indicated by Western blot analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that injection of Aβ 1-42 decreased the spatial learning and memory performance, cortex CAT and hippocampus PEX14, PMP70 and GSH levels, and increased cortex and hippocampus MDA levels (p < 0.05). Although the administration of taurine partially ameliorated the adverse effects of Aβ 1-42 injection, a significant difference was found only at the hippocampus GSH levels (p < 0.05). Also, taurine caused anxiety at this dose (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION In conclusion, decreased peroxisomal proteins and antioxidant capacity in neurodegenerative and oxidative processes induced by intracerebroventricular Aβ 1-42 injection showed that peroxisomes may play a role in this process and taurine supplementation may have positive effects especially in increasing antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Aslan Karakelle
- Department of Physiology, Lokman Hekim University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sibel Dinçer
- Department of Physiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Anthony DP, Hegde M, Shetty SS, Rafic T, Mutalik S, Rao BSS. Targeting receptor-ligand chemistry for drug delivery across blood-brain barrier in brain diseases. Life Sci 2021; 274:119326. [PMID: 33711385 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed of a layer of endothelial cells that is interspersed with a series of tight junctions and characterized by the absence of fenestrations. The permeability of this barrier is controlled by junctions such as tight junctions and adherent junctions as well as several cells such as astrocytes, pericytes, vascular endothelial cells, neurons, microglia, and efflux transporters with relatively enhanced expression. It plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis in the brain and exerts a protective regulatory control on the influx and efflux of molecules. However, it proves to be a challenge for drug delivery strategies that target brain diseases like Dementia, Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, Brain Cancer or Stroke, Huntington's Disease, Lou Gehrig's Disease, etc. Conventional modes of drug delivery are invasive and have been known to contribute to a "leaky BBB", recent studies have highlighted the efficiency and relative safety of receptor-mediated drug delivery. Several receptors are exhibited on the BBB, and actively participate in nutrient uptake, and recognize specific ligands that modulate the process of endocytosis. The strategy employed in receptor-mediated drug delivery exploits this process of "tricking" the receptors into internalizing ligands that are conjugated to carrier systems like liposomes, nanoparticles, monoclonal antibodies, enzymes etc. These in turn are modified with drug molecules, therefore leading to delivery to desired target cells in brain tissue. This review comprehensively explores each of those receptors that can be modified to serve such purposes as well as the currently employed strategies that have led to increased cellular uptake and transport efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Paige Anthony
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Manasa Hegde
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shreya S Shetty
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Thasneema Rafic
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - B S Satish Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Castro-Silva ES, Bello M, Rosales-Hernández MC, Correa-Basurto J, Hernández-Rodríguez M, Villalobos-Acosta D, Méndez-Méndez JV, Estrada-Pérez A, Murillo-Álvarez J, Muñoz-Ochoa M. Fucosterol from Sargassum horridum as an amyloid-beta (Aβ 1-42) aggregation inhibitor: in vitro and in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 39:1271-1283. [PMID: 32159448 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1729863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases each year, and there are currently few treatment strategies to decrease the symptoms of AD; furthermore, these strategies are not sufficient to reduce memory loss in AD patients. In this work, in vitro and in silico studies were performed to evaluate the effects of fucosterol, which was extracted from an algal source and characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectra (LC-MS), as an inhibitor of Aβ1-42 aggregation. Experimental studies, including protein gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy and fluorescence studies with thioflavin T (ThT), highlighted that fucosterol can decrease oligomer formation more than galantamine, which was used as a positive control. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations coupled with an MMGBSA approach showed that fucosterol is capable of recognizing the hydrophobic regions of monomeric Aβ1-42, suggesting that fucosterol could affect amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) aggregation by preventing the formation of oligomers, preventing the development of AD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sthephanie Castro-Silva
- Laboratorio de Química de Macroalgas, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico, La Paz, B.C.S. México
| | - Martiniano Bello
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maricarmen Hernández-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Villalobos-Acosta
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Vicente Méndez-Méndez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alan Estrada-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jesus Murillo-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química de Macroalgas, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico, La Paz, B.C.S. México
| | - Mauricio Muñoz-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Química de Macroalgas, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico, La Paz, B.C.S. México
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Oh J, Park J, Park KC, Hwang JH, Park JH. Phosphonamidate Compounds for Butyrylcholinesterase Selective Inhibitors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jintaek Oh
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering Hanbat National University Daejeon 34158 South Korea
| | - Jung‐Youl Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry Daejeon University Daejeon 34520 South Korea
| | - Kyoung Chan Park
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering Hanbat National University Daejeon 34158 South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Hwang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering Hanbat National University Daejeon 34158 South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Park
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering Hanbat National University Daejeon 34158 South Korea
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Aisha, Raza MA, Sumrra SH, Javed K, Saqib Z, Maurin JK, Budzianowski A. Synthesis, characterization and molecular modeling of amino derived thiazolidinones as esterase and glucosidase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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He Y, Xu W, Qin Y. Structural characterization and neuroprotective effect of a polysaccharide from Corydalis yanhusuo. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 157:759-768. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lin K, Sze SCW, Liu B, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhu P, Wang Y, Deng Q, Yung KKL, Zhang S. 20( S)-protopanaxadiol and oleanolic acid ameliorate cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:325-333. [PMID: 33841013 PMCID: PMC8020272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis by promoting proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) and oleanolic acid (OA) are small, bioactive compounds found in ginseng that can promote NSC proliferation and neural differentiation in vitro. However, it is currently unknown whether PPD or OA can attenuate cognitive deficits by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo in a transgenic APP/PS1 AD mouse model. Here, we administered PPD or OA to APP/PS1 mice and monitored the effects on cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis. Methods We used the Morris water maze, Y maze, and open field tests to compare the cognitive capacities of treated and untreated APP/PS1 mice. We investigated hippocampal neurogenesis using Nissl staining and BrdU/NeuN double labeling. NSC proliferation was quantified by Sox2 labeling of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. We used western blotting to determine the effects of PPD and OA on Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway activation in the hippocampus. Results Both PPD and OA significantly ameliorated the cognitive impairments observed in untreated APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, PPD and OA significantly promoted hippocampal neurogenesis and NSC proliferation. At the mechanistic level, PPD and OA treatments resulted in Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway activation in the hippocampus. Conclusion PPD and OA ameliorate cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice by enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis, achieved by stimulating the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. As such, PPD and OA are promising novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Lin
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Stephen Cho-Wing Sze
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Zhu Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Peili Zhu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Qiudi Deng
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ken Kin-Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China.,HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,Golden Meditech Center for NeuroRegeneration Sciences, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
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Bondžić AM, Lazarević-Pašti TD, Leskovac AR, Petrović SŽ, Čolović MB, Parac-Vogt TN, Janjić GV. A new acetylcholinesterase allosteric site responsible for binding voluminous negatively charged molecules - the role in the mechanism of AChE inhibition. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 151:105376. [PMID: 32492460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are important in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Two inhibitors, 12-tungstosilicic acid (WSiA) and 12-tungstophosphoric acid (WPA), which have polyoxometalate (POM) type structure, have been shown to inhibit AChE activity in nM concentration. Circular dichroism and tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated that the AChE inhibition was not accompanied by significant changes in the secondary structure of the enzyme. The molecular docking approach has revealed a new allosteric binding site, termed β-allosteric site (β-AS), which is considered responsible for the inhibition of AChE by POMs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting a new allosteric site that is considered responsible for AChE inhibition by voluminous and negatively charged molecules such as POMs. The selected POMs were further subjected to genotoxicity testing using human peripheral blood cells as a model system. It was shown that WSiA and WPA induced a mild cytostatic but not genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes, which indicates their potential to be used as medicinal drugs. The identification of non-toxic compounds capable of binding to an allosteric site that so far has not been considered responsible for enzyme inhibition could be fundamental for the development of new drug design strategies and the discovery of more efficient AChE modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Bondžić
- Department of Physical Chemistry, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences- National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tamara D Lazarević-Pašti
- Department of Physical Chemistry, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences- National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andreja R Leskovac
- Department of Physical Chemistry, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences- National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Ž Petrović
- Department of Physical Chemistry, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences- National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana B Čolović
- Department of Physical Chemistry, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences- National Institute of thе Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Goran V Janjić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Wilhelm EA, Torres MLCP, Pereira CF, Vogt AG, Cervo R, Dos Santos BGT, Cargnelutti R, Luchese C. Therapeutic potential of selanyl amide derivatives in the in vitro anticholinesterase activity and in in vivo antiamnesic action. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:304-313. [PMID: 31821013 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor activity of two new selanyl amide derivatives in cerebral structures of mice. Our results demonstrated that N-(2-(3-(phenylselanyl)propoxy)phenyl)furan-2-carboxamide (1) and N-(2-(3-(phenylselanyl)propoxy)phenyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide (2) inhibited the in vitro AChE activity in mice. Another objective was to assess the effect of the best AChE inhibitor in an amnesic model induced by scopolamine (SCO) in male Swiss mice. The involvement of AChE activity and lipid peroxidation in the cerebral structures was investigated. Our results showed that compound 1 (10 mg/kg, intragastrically) attenuated the latency to find the escape box and the number of holes visited in the Barnes maze task, without altering the locomotor and exploratory activities in an open-field test. Compound 1 protected against increasing in lipid peroxidation levels and AChE activity caused by SCO in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice. In conclusion, the present study evidenced the in vitro anticholinesterase effect of two new selanyl amide derivatives in the cerebral structures of mice. Moreover, compound 1, a selanyl amide derivative containing a furan ring, demonstrated antiamnesic action due to its antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities in cerebral structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel A Wilhelm
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marina Laura C P Torres
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline F Pereira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ane G Vogt
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cervo
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, LMI - Laboratório de Materiais Inorgânicos, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Brenda G T Dos Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, LMI - Laboratório de Materiais Inorgânicos, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cargnelutti
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, LMI - Laboratório de Materiais Inorgânicos, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Lin K, Liu B, Lim SL, Fu X, Sze SCW, Yung KKL, Zhang S. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol promotes the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells by targeting GSK-3β in the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. J Ginseng Res 2020; 44:475-482. [PMID: 32372869 PMCID: PMC7195587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active natural ingredients, especially small molecules, have recently received wide attention as modifiers used to treat neurodegenerative disease by promoting neurogenic regeneration of neural stem cell (NSC) in situ. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), one of the bioactive ingredients in ginseng, possesses neuroprotective properties. However, the effect of PPD on NSC proliferation and differentiation and its mechanism of action are incompletely understood. METHODS In this study, we investigated the impact of PPD on NSC proliferation and neuronal lineage differentiation through activation of the Wnt/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β/β-catenin pathway. NSC migration and proliferation were investigated by neurosphere assay, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and EdU assay. NSC differentiation was analyzed by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Involvement of the Wnt/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway was examined by molecular simulation and Western blot and verified using gene transfection. RESULTS PPD significantly promoted neural migration and induced a significant increase in NSC proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, a remarkable increase in antimicrotubule-associated protein 2 expression and decrease in nestin protein expression were induced by PPD. During the differentiation process, PPD targeted and stimulated the phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser9 and the active forms of β-catenin, resulting in activation of the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway. Transfection of NSCs with a constitutively active GSK-3β mutant at S9A significantly hampered the proliferation and neural differentiation mediated by PPD. CONCLUSION PPD promotes NSC proliferation and neural differentiation in vitro via activation of the Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway by targeting GSK-3β, potentially having great significance for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Lin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China
- HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sze-Lam Lim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China
- HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuqiong Fu
- Center for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, HKBU, Kowloon Tong, HKSAR, China
| | - Stephen C.-W. Sze
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China
- HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ken K.-L. Yung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China
- HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China
- HKBU Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
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Bondžić AM, Senćanski MV, Vujačić Nikezić AV, Kirillova MV, André V, Kirillov AM, Bondžić BP. Aminoalcoholate-driven tetracopper(II) cores as dual acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors: Experimental and theoretical elucidation of mechanism of action. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 205:110990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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40
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Cassidy L, Fernandez F, Johnson JB, Naiker M, Owoola AG, Broszczak DA. Oxidative stress in alzheimer's disease: A review on emergent natural polyphenolic therapeutics. Complement Ther Med 2019; 49:102294. [PMID: 32147039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this research was to review the literature on Alzheimer's disease (AD) with a focus on polyphenolics as antioxidant therapeutics. DESIGN This review included a search of the literature up to and including September 2019 in PubMed and MEDLINE databases using search terms that included: Alzheimer's Disease, Aβ peptide, tau, oxidative stress, redox, oxidation, therapeutic, antioxidant, natural therapy, polyphenol. Any review articles, case studies, research reports and articles in English were identified and subsequently interrogated. Citations within relevant articles were also examined for consideration in this review. RESULTS Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is clinically characterised by the progressive deterioration of cognitive functions and drastic changes in behaviour and personality. Due to the significant presence of oxidative damage associated with abnormal Aβ accumulation and neurofibrillary tangle deposition in AD patients' brains, antioxidant drug therapy has been investigated as potential AD treatment. In particular, naturally occurring compounds, such as plant polyphenols, have been suggested to have potential neuroprotective effects against AD due to their diverse array of physiological actions, which includes potent antioxidant effects. CONCLUSIONS The impact of oxidative stress and various mechanisms of pathogenesis in AD pathophysiology was demonstrated along with the therapeutic potential of emergent antioxidant drugs to address such mechanism of oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Cassidy
- School of Behavioural & Health Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 1100 Nudgee Rd, Banyo, QLD, 4014, Australia
| | - Francesca Fernandez
- School of Behavioural & Health Sciences, Faculty of Heath Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 1100 Nudgee Rd, Banyo, QLD, 4014, Australia.
| | - Joel B Johnson
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, 630 Ibis Ave, North Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia.
| | - Mani Naiker
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, 630 Ibis Ave, North Rockhampton, QLD, 4701, Australia.
| | - Akeem G Owoola
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, 4000, QLD, Australia; Tissue Repair & Translational Physiology Program, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
| | - Daniel A Broszczak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St, Brisbane, 4000, QLD, Australia; Tissue Repair & Translational Physiology Program, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Ave, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
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Teixeira JP, de Castro AA, Soares FV, da Cunha EFF, Ramalho TC. Future Therapeutic Perspectives into the Alzheimer's Disease Targeting the Oxidative Stress Hypothesis. Molecules 2019; 24:E4410. [PMID: 31816853 PMCID: PMC6930470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is usually accompanied by aging, increasingly being the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. This disorder is characterized by the accumulation of beta amyloid plaques (Aβ) resulting from impaired amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism, together with the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. The exacerbated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers the process called oxidative stress, which increases neuronal cell abnormalities, most often followed by apoptosis, leading to cognitive dysfunction and dementia. In this context, the development of new therapies for the AD treatment is necessary. Antioxidants, for instance, are promising species for prevention and treatment because they are capable of disrupting the radical chain reaction, reducing the production of ROS. These species have also proven to be adjunctive to conventional treatments making them more effective. In this sense, several recently published works have focused their attention on oxidative stress and antioxidant species. Therefore, this review seeks to show the most relevant findings of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssika P. Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.T.); (A.A.d.C.); (F.V.S.); (E.F.F.d.C.)
| | - Alexandre A. de Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.T.); (A.A.d.C.); (F.V.S.); (E.F.F.d.C.)
| | - Flávia V. Soares
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.T.); (A.A.d.C.); (F.V.S.); (E.F.F.d.C.)
| | - Elaine F. F. da Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.T.); (A.A.d.C.); (F.V.S.); (E.F.F.d.C.)
| | - Teodorico C. Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.T.); (A.A.d.C.); (F.V.S.); (E.F.F.d.C.)
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Yang T, Zhu Z, Yin E, Wang Y, Zhang C, Yuan H, Zhang H, Jin S, Guo Z, Wang X. Alleviation of symptoms of Alzheimer's disease by diminishing Aβ neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10149-10158. [PMID: 32055369 PMCID: PMC6979322 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03042e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevailing neurodegenerative illnesses in the elderly. Accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and inflammation play critical roles in the pathogenesis and development of AD. Multi-target drugs may interdict the progress of AD through a synergistic mechanism. A neuromodulator, 2-((1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-yl)methoxy)benzoic acid (BIBA), consisting of an Aβ-targeting group and a derivative of anti-inflammatory aspirin was designed as a potential anti-AD agent. BIBA exhibits a remarkable inhibitory effect on the self- and metal-induced Aβ aggregations and shows outstanding anti-inflammatory activity simultaneously. The neurotoxicity of Aβ aggregates is attenuated, and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs), such as IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α, in microglia stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Aβ is reduced. Owing to the synergy between the inhibition of Aβ oligomerization and downregulation of PICs, BIBA markedly prolongs the lifespan and relieves the Aβ-induced paralysis of Aβ-transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans, thus showing the potential to ameliorate the symptoms of AD through inhibiting Aβ neurotoxicity and deactivating microglia. These findings demonstrate that both Aβ aggregation and neuroinflammation are therapeutic targets for anti-AD drugs, and dual-functional agents that integrate anti-Aβ and anti-inflammatory capabilities have great advantages over the traditional single-target agents for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Zhenzhu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Enmao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Yanqing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Yancheng Teachers University , Yancheng 224002 , P. R. China
| | - Changli Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Nanjing Xiaozhuang College , Nanjing , 210017 , P. R. China
| | - Hao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Suxing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
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Packer R, Ben Shlomo Y, Whiting P. Can non-pharmacological interventions reduce hospital admissions in people with dementia? A systematic review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223717. [PMID: 31634375 PMCID: PMC6802851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background People with dementia who are admitted to hospital have worse outcomes than those without dementia. Identifying interventions that could reduce the risk of hospitalisation in people with dementia has the potential to positively impact on lives of people with dementia. This review aimed to investigate whether there are non-pharmacological interventions that successfully reduce hospitalisation risk, length of stay and mortality in people with dementia. Methods 7 electronic databases and trial registries were searched from inception to October 2018. We included randomised controlled trials that evaluated non-pharmacological interventions in out of hospital settings and targeted people with any type of dementia. All stages of the review process were performed by two reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. We grouped studies based on intervention: care management, counselling/self-help, enhanced GP services or memory clinics, and physiotherapy or occupational therapy. Data were pooled within intervention categories using random effects meta-analysis. Results There was no evidence that any of the intervention categories were associated with reduced hospital admission or mortality. There was very weak evidence to suggest that care management interventions (mean difference, MD, -0.16, 95% CI -0.32, 0.01), physiotherapy/occupational therapy (MD -0.16, 95% CI -0.36, 0.03) and enhanced GP/memory clinics (MD -0.14, 95% CI -0.31, 0.03) were associated with small reductions in hospital stay. There was no evidence for an effect of counselling/self-help interventions on length of hospital stay. Conclusions Current evidence from randomised trials suggests no clear benefit or harm associated with any of interventions on risks of hospitalisation, duration of hospitalisation or death. Further research with the primary aim to reduce hospitalisation in people with dementia is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Packer
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Yoav Ben Shlomo
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Penny Whiting
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Cheng CH, Lin KJ, Hong CT, Wu D, Chang HM, Liu CH, Hsiao IT, Yang CP, Liu YC, Hu CJ. Plasmon-Activated Water Reduces Amyloid Burden and Improves Memory in Animals with Alzheimer's Disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13252. [PMID: 31520077 PMCID: PMC6744477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the great extension of the human lifespan in recent times, many aging diseases have inevitably followed. Dementia is one of the most-commom neurodegenerative aging diseases, in which inflammation-related Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia. Amyloid accumulation in the brain, which occurs before any clinical presentations, might be the first and key step in the development of AD. However, many clinical trials have attempted to remove amyloid from brains of AD patients, but none has so far been successful. Negatively charged plasmon-activated water (PAW) is created by resonantly illuminated gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs), which reduce the hydrogen-bonded (HB) structure of water. PAW was found to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, we report on an innovative strategy to retard the progression of AD by the daily consumption of PAW instead of normal deionized (DI) water. APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice were treated with PAW or DI water from the age of 5 months for the next 9 months. Encouragingly, compared to DI water-treated mice, mice treated with PAW presented better memory performance on a test of novel object recognition and had a significantly lower amyloid burden according to 18F-florbetapir amyloid-PET and phosphorylated (p)-tau burden according to Western blotting and immunohistochemistry measurements. There were no obvious side effects in PAW-treated mice. Collectively, our findings support that PAW was able to reduce the amyloid and p-tau burden and improve memory in an AD mouse model. However, the protein levels of molecules involved in amyloid metabolism and oligomeric amyloid did not change. We propose that the effects of PAW of reducing the amyloid burden and improving memory function cannot be attributed to synthesis/degradation of amyloid-βprotein but probably in preventing aggregation of amyloid-β proteins or other mechanisms, including anti-inflammation. Further applications of PAW in clinical trials to prevent the progression of AD are being designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5, Fuxing St., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Hong
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 291 Jhongjheng Rd., Jhonghe, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Dean Wu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 291 Jhongjheng Rd., Jhonghe, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Huan Liu
- Science Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ing-Tsung Hsiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5, Fuxing St., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Department of Neurology and Dementia Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 291 Jhongjheng Rd., Jhonghe, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan. .,PhD Program of Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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45
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Mathew B, Parambi DGT, Mathew GE, Uddin MS, Inasu ST, Kim H, Marathakam A, Unnikrishnan MK, Carradori S. Emerging therapeutic potentials of dual-acting MAO and AChE inhibitors in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900177. [PMID: 31478569 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
No drug has been approved to prevent neuronal cell loss in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD); despite increased comprehension of the underlying molecular causes, therapies target cognitive functional improvement and motor fluctuation control. Drug design strategies that adopt the "one protein, one target" philosophy fail to address the multifactorial aetiologies of neurodegenerative disorders such as AD and PD optimally. On the contrary, restoring neurotransmitter levels by combined combinatorial inhibition of cholinesterases, monoamine oxidases, and adenosine A2A A receptors, in conjunction with strategies to counter oxidative stress and beta-amyloid plaque accumulation, would constitute a therapeutically robust, multitarget approach. This extensive review delineates the therapeutic advantages of combining dual-acting molecules that inhibit monoamine oxidases and cholinesterases and/or adenosine A2A A receptors, and describes the structure-activity relationships of compound classes that include, but are not limited to, alkaloids, coumarins, chalcones, donepezil-propargylamine conjugates, homoisoflavonoids, resveratrol analogs, hydrazones, and pyrazolines. In the wake of recent advances in network biology, in silico approaches, and omics, this review emphasizes the need to consider conceptually informed research strategies for drug discovery, in the context of the mounting burden posed by chronic neurodegenerative diseases with complex aetiologies and pathophysiologies involving multiple signalling pathways and numerous drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Della G T Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Githa E Mathew
- Department of Pharmacology, Grace College of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sini T Inasu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Lab, Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Research, Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Akash Marathakam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National College of Pharmacy, Calicut, India
| | | | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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46
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Vyas S, Kothari S, Kachhwaha S. Nootropic medicinal plants: Therapeutic alternatives for Alzheimer’s disease. J Herb Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Yap T, Shamsher E, Guo L, Cordeiro M. Ophthalmic Research Lecture 2018: DARC as a Potential Surrogate Marker. Ophthalmic Res 2019; 63:1-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000500527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Huang Q, Luo D, Chen L, Liang FX, Chen R. Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:500-511. [PMID: 31209824 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture has reportedly improved memory and cognitive impairment in both animal and clinical studies. It may be an effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to review the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of AD. Eight databases were searched for articles published up to and including July 2017, and 13 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were identified. The main outcomes assessed were clinical efficacy rate, Mini-Mental State Examination score, Ability of Daily Living Scale score, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognition score, Hasegawa's Dementia Scale (HDS) score, and adverse events. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed using Cochrane's risk of bias. All the studies compared the efficacy of acupuncture with that of medication, and were published in Chinese journals. Meta-analysis revealed that acupuncture yielded positive results as determined via all the indexes scored except the HDS (95% CI -0.26 to 0.90, Z=0.35, P=0.73). Only one of the studies reported adverse events associated with acupuncture and medication. The rate of adverse events in the medication group was 13%. In most of the studies assessed in the current meta-analysis, acupuncture alone was better than conventional western medicines for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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49
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Zhang J, Tang C, Liao W, Zhu M, Liu M, Sun N. The antiapoptotic and antioxidative stress effects of Zhisanzhen in the Alzheimer's disease model rat. Neuroreport 2019; 30:628-636. [PMID: 31095002 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Zhisanzhen, a type of acupuncture method, has been commonly used in the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders in clinics in China. The aim of this study was to confirm the effect of Zhisanzhen on Alzheimer's disease and the associated mechanism. We used D-galactose and Aβ1-40 injections to establish a rat model of AD. Rats were divided into four groups: normal group, AD group, AD+manual acupuncture (control) group, and AD+manual acupuncture (Zhisanzhen) group. Zhisanzhen was used to treat the AD model rats. We found that Zhisanzhen improved behavioral performance, reduced oxidative stress, increased the neurotransmitter acetylcholine concentration, reduced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons, and down-regulated the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins. Compared with those in the AD group, these parameters were clearly different in the Zhisanzhen control group (P<0.05). These results suggest that Zhisanzhen can markedly enhance learning and memory and reverse the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease in AD model rats, which may be related to the role of Zhisanzhen in increasing chAT and Ache activity, decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis.Video abstract: http://links.lww.com/WNR/A517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- RuiKang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Wenyan Liao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
| | - Mingmin Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou
| | - Ming Liu
- Shenzhen Baoan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen
| | - Ningning Sun
- Jiaozuo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan, China
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50
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de Castro AA, Soares FV, Pereira AF, Polisel DA, Caetano MS, Leal DHS, da Cunha EFF, Nepovimova E, Kuca K, Ramalho TC. Non-conventional compounds with potential therapeutic effects against Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:375-395. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1608823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A. de Castro
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Flávia V. Soares
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Ander F. Pereira
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Polisel
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Melissa S. Caetano
- Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel H. S. Leal
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Brazil
| | - Elaine F. F. da Cunha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Teodorico C. Ramalho
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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