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Chen H, Fang S, Zhu X, Liu H. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and prostate cancer stem cells: crosstalk mechanisms and implications for disease progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1412337. [PMID: 39092186 PMCID: PMC11291335 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1412337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The functional heterogeneity and ecological niche of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), which are major drivers of prostate cancer development and treatment resistance, have attracted considerable research attention. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are crucial components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), substantially affect PCSC stemness. Additionally, CAFs promote PCSC growth and survival by releasing signaling molecules and modifying the surrounding environment. Conversely, PCSCs may affect the characteristics and behavior of CAFs by producing various molecules. This crosstalk mechanism is potentially crucial for prostate cancer progression and the development of treatment resistance. Using organoids to model the TME enables an in-depth study of CAF-PCSC interactions, providing a valuable preclinical tool to accurately evaluate potential target genes and design novel treatment strategies for prostate cancer. The objective of this review is to discuss the current research on the multilevel and multitarget regulatory mechanisms underlying CAF-PCSC interactions and crosstalk, aiming to inform therapeutic approaches that address challenges in prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hao Liu
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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2
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Kumar HA, Desai A, Mohiddin G, Mishra P, Bhattacharyya A, Nishat R. Cancer Stem Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:S826-S830. [PMID: 37694019 PMCID: PMC10485429 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_81_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small sub-population of cells within a tumor mass proficient of tumor initiation and progression. Distinguishing features possessed by CSCs encompass self-renewal, regeneration and capacity to differentiate. These cells are attributed to the phenomenon of aggression, recurrence and metastasis in neoplasms. Due to their cancer initiating and contributing features, a proper understanding of these CSCs and its microenvironment would aid in better understanding of cancer and designing better targeted therapeutic strategies for improved clinical outcome, thus improving the prognosis. This article dispenses a narrative review of CSCs in the context of head and neck carcinoma under the sub headings of overview of cancer stem cells, methods of isolation of these cells, putative CSC markers of head and neck cancer, signaling pathways used by these cells and their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish A. Kumar
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneshwar, Odhisa, India
| | - Anupama Desai
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, A.M.E’S Dental College, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Gouse Mohiddin
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneshwar, Odhisa, India
| | - Pallavi Mishra
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneshwar, Odhisa, India
| | - Arnab Bhattacharyya
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneshwar, Odhisa, India
| | - Roquaiya Nishat
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Private Practitioner, Shri Balaji Dental Clinic, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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3
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An JS, Moon JH, Kim C, No JK, Eun YG, Chang Lim Y. Integrin alpha 6 as a stemness driver is a novel promising target for HPV (+) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2021; 407:112815. [PMID: 34496296 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the incidence rates of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection have recently been on the rise, the underlying mechanism of its tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether HNSCC cells with high expression of integrin alpha 6 (ITGα6), one of the HPV receptors, have a preference during HPV infection. In addition, we examined the gain or loss of function of the ITGα6 gene in HPV + ve HNSCC cells, as well as its prognostic value in patients with HNSCC. HPV pseudovirus was found to be more infective, with HNSCC cells featuring an overexpressed ITGα6 gene compared to the control cells. Overexpression and suppression of ITGα6 respectively increases and decreases stemness phenotypes of HPV + ve HNSCC cells. Furthermore, ITGα6 can regulate stemness by partially mediating AKT pathway in HPV + ve HNSCC cells. Finally, patients with HPV + ve HNSCC had a poor prognosis in cases of elevated ITGα6 expression; however, the expression levels of ITGα6 did not influence the survival rates of HPV-negative HNSCC patients. In conclusion, ITGα6 can serve as a potential therapeutic target for HPV + ve HNSCC cancer-like stem cells (CSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Seol An
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hwa Moon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chayeon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Kyung No
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kyunghee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Gyu Eun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Kyunghee University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Chang Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Fallah M, Davoodvandi A, Nikmanzar S, Aghili S, Mirazimi SMA, Aschner M, Rashidian A, Hamblin MR, Chamanara M, Naghsh N, Mirzaei H. Silymarin (milk thistle extract) as a therapeutic agent in gastrointestinal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112024. [PMID: 34399200 PMCID: PMC8458260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silymarin contains a group of closely-related flavonolignan compounds including silibinin, and is extracted from Silybum marianum species, also called milk thistle. Silymarin has been shown to protect the liver in both experimental models and clinical studies. The chemopreventive activity of silymarin has shown some efficacy against cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Silymarin can modulate apoptosis in vitro and survival in vivo, by interfering with the expression of cell cycle regulators and apoptosis-associated proteins. In addition to its anti-metastatic activity, silymarin has also been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. The chemoprotective effects of silymarin and silibinin (its major constituent) suggest they could be applied to reduce the side effects and increase the anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in various cancer types, especially in gastrointestinal cancers. This review examines the recent studies and summarizes the mechanistic pathways and down-stream targets of silymarin in the therapy of gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fallah
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Nikmanzar
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarehnaz Aghili
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10463, USA
| | - Amir Rashidian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Toxicology Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Navid Naghsh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Radiosensitivity of Cancer Stem Cells Has Potential Predictive Value for Individual Responses to Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123672. [PMID: 33297488 PMCID: PMC7762426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Radiotherapy is often used as a neo-adjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer. While treatment generally induces an improvement in the outcome, some patients show resistance to treatment for reasons that still have to be elucidated. In this work, we report an in vitro and in vivo model based on patient-derived cancer stem cells. This model is able to predict individual responses to radiotherapy. The results indicate that cells found to be radiation-sensitive in vitro generated radiation-sensitive tumor xenografts upon subcutaneous implantation. Analogously, cancer stem cells (CSCs) that did not respond to in vitro radiation treatment generated radiation-resistant tumor xenografts. Moreover, radioresistant CSCs were generally isolated via biopsies of patients with poor responses to neo-adjuvant radiotherapy. This suggests that a cell-based in vitro test may itself be sufficient to predict outcomes in donor patients. Abstract Neo-adjuvant radiotherapy is frequently employed in the therapeutic management of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Radiotherapy can both reduce local recurrence and improve the success of surgical procedures by reducing tumor mass size. However, some patients show a poor response to treatment, which results in primary resistance or relapse after apparent curative surgery. In this work, we report in vitro and in vivo models based on patient-derived cancer stem cells (CSCs); these models are able to predict individual responses to radiotherapy in LARC. CSCs isolated from colorectal cancer biopsies were subjected to in vitro irradiation with the same clinical protocol used for LARC patients. Animal models, generated by CSC xenotransplantation, were also obtained and treated with the same radiotherapy protocol. The results indicate that CSCs isolated from rectal cancer needle biopsies possess an intrinsic grade of sensitivity to treatment, which is also maintained in the animal model. Notably, the specific CSCs’ in vitro and in vivo sensitivity values correspond to patients’ responses to radiotherapy. This evidence suggests that an in vitro radiotherapy response predictivity assay could support clinical decisions for the management of LARC patients, thus avoiding radiation toxicity to resistant patients and reducing the treatment costs.
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6
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Xie Y, Liu J, Kang R, Tang D. Mitophagy Receptors in Tumor Biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:594203. [PMID: 33262988 PMCID: PMC7686508 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.594203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional organelles that regulate cancer biology by synthesizing macromolecules, producing energy, and regulating cell death. The understanding of mitochondrial morphology, function, biogenesis, fission and fusion kinetics, and degradation is important for the development of new anticancer strategies. Mitophagy is a type of selective autophagy that can degrade damaged mitochondria under various environmental stresses, especially oxidative damage and hypoxia. The key regulator of mitophagy is the autophagy receptor, which recognizes damaged mitochondria and allows them to enter autophagosomes by binding to MAP1LC3 or GABARAP, and then undergo lysosomal-dependent degradation. Many components of mitochondria, including mitochondrial membrane proteins (e.g., PINK1, BNIP3L, BNIP3, FUNDC1, NIPSNAP1, NIPSNAP2, BCL2L13, PHB2, and FKBP8) and lipids (e.g., cardiolipin and ceramides), act as mitophagy receptors in a context-dependent manner. Dysfunctional mitophagy not only inhibits, but also promotes, tumorigenesis. Similarly, mitophagy plays a dual role in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in the mechanisms of mitophagy and highlight the pathological role of mitophagy receptors in tumorigenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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7
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Civenni G, Albino D, Shinde D, Vázquez R, Merulla J, Kokanovic A, Mapelli SN, Carbone GM, Catapano CV. Transcriptional Reprogramming and Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Targeting Prostate Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:385. [PMID: 31143708 PMCID: PMC6521702 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men and the second cause of cancer-related deaths in western countries. Despite the progress in the treatment of localized prostate cancer, there is still lack of effective therapies for the advanced forms of the disease. Most patients with advanced prostate cancer become resistant to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which remains the main therapeutic option in this setting, and progress to lethal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Current therapies for prostate cancer preferentially target proliferating, partially differentiated, and AR-dependent cancer cells that constitute the bulk of the tumor mass. However, the subpopulation of tumor-initiating or tumor-propagating stem-like cancer cells is virtually resistant to the standard treatments causing tumor relapse at the primary or metastatic sites. Understanding the pathways controlling the establishment, expansion and maintenance of the cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation is an important step toward the development of more effective treatment for prostate cancer, which might enable ablation or exhaustion of CSCs and prevent treatment resistance and disease recurrence. In this review, we focus on the impact of transcriptional regulators on phenotypic reprogramming of prostate CSCs and provide examples supporting the possibility of inhibiting maintenance and expansion of the CSC pool in human prostate cancer along with the currently available methodological approaches. Transcription factors are key elements for instructing specific transcriptional programs and inducing CSC-associated phenotypic changes implicated in disease progression and treatment resistance. Recent studies have shown that interfering with these processes causes exhaustion of CSCs with loss of self-renewal and tumorigenic capability in prostate cancer models. Targeting key transcriptional regulators in prostate CSCs is a valid therapeutic strategy waiting to be tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlo V. Catapano
- Institute of Oncology (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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8
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Patel S, Waghela B, Shah K, Vaidya F, Mirza S, Patel S, Pathak C, Rawal R. Silibinin, A Natural Blend In Polytherapy Formulation For Targeting Cd44v6 Expressing Colon Cancer Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16985. [PMID: 30451890 PMCID: PMC6242811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer stem cells have been attributed to poor prognosis, therapeutic resistance and aggressive nature of the malignancy. Recent reports associated CD44v6 expression with relapse, metastasis and reduced 5-year survival of colon cancer patients, thereby making it a potential therapeutic target. Thus, in this study, comprehensive prediction and screening of CD44v6 against 1674 lead compounds was conducted. Silibinin was identified as a potential compound targeting CD44v6. Inorder to substantiate these findings, the cytotoxic effect of 5FU, Silibinin and 5FU+ Silibinin was assessed on human colon carcinoma cell line HCT116 derived CD44+ subpopulation. 5FU+ Silibinin inhibited cell proliferation of CD44+ subpopulation at lower concentration than Silibinin standalone. Further, corresponding to CD44v6 knockdown cells, 5FU+ Silibinin treatment significantly decreased CD44v6, Nanog, CTNNB1 and CDKN2A expression whereas increased E-cadherin expression in HCT116 derived CD44+ cells. Moreover, synergistic effect of these drugs suppressed sphere formation, inhibited cell migration, triggered PARP cleavage and perturbation in mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby activating intrinsic apoptotic pathways and induced autophagic cell death. Importantly, 5FU+ Silibinin could inhibit PI3K/MAPK dual activation and arrest the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Thus, our study suggests that inhibition of CD44v6 attenuates stemness of colon cancer stem cells and holds a prospect of potent therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaya Patel
- Division of Biological & Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhargav Waghela
- Department of Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kanisha Shah
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Foram Vaidya
- Department of Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sheefa Mirza
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Saumya Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Chandramani Pathak
- Department of Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Rawal
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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9
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Gao W, Wu D, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zou C, Dai Y, Ng CF, Teoh JYC, Chan FL. Development of a novel and economical agar-based non-adherent three-dimensional culture method for enrichment of cancer stem-like cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:243. [PMID: 30257704 PMCID: PMC6158801 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-adherent or ultra-low attachment three-dimensional (3D) culture, also called sphere formation assay, has been widely used to assess the malignant phenotype and stemness potential of transformed or cancer cells. This method is also popularly used to isolate the cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) or tumor-initiating cells based on their unique anchorage-independent growth or anoikis-resistant capacity. Different non-adhesive coating agents, such as poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (poly-HEMA) and synthetic hydrogels, have been used in this non-adherent 3D culture. However, preparation of non-adherent culture-ware is labor-intensive and technically demanding, and also costs of commercial non-adherent culture-ware prepared with various coating agents are relatively expensive and the culture-ware cannot be used repeatedly. METHODS In this study, we developed a non-adherent 3D culture method based on agar coating for growing tumor spheres derived from various cancer cell lines and primary prostate cancer tissues under a non-adherent and serum-free condition. The tumor spheres generated by this 3D culture method were analyzed on their expression profiles of CSC-associated markers by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, presence and relative proportion of CSCs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (CD133+/CD44+ cell sorting) and also a CSC-visualizing reporter system responsive to OCT4 and SOX2 (SORE6), and in vivo tumorigenicity. The repeated use of agar-coated plates for serial passages of tumor spheres was also evaluated. RESULTS Our results validated that the multicellular tumor spheres generated by this culture method were enriched of CSCs, as evidenced by their enhanced expression profiles of CSC markers, presence of CD133+/CD44+ or SORE6+ cells, enhanced self-renewal capacity, and in vivo tumorigenicity, indicating its usefulness in isolation and enrichment of CSCs. The agar-coated plates could be used multiple times in serial passages of tumor spheres. CONCLUSIONS The described agar-based 3D culture method offers several advantages as compared with other methods in isolation of CSCs, including its simplicity and low-cost and repeated use of agar-coated plates for continuous passages of CSC-enriched spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dinglan Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China. .,Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Oncology, The Clinical Innovation & Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518110, China.
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical School of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Franky Leung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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Liu L, Liu J, Wang H, Zhao H, Du Y. Fenretinide targeting of human colon cancer sphere cells through cell cycle regulation and stress-responsive activities. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5339-5348. [PMID: 30250604 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be the main cause of chemoresistance and the resultant low survival rate of patients with cancer. N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-retinamide, known as fenretinide or 4HPR, is a synthetic derivative of all-trans-retinoic acid. It is a promising anticancer agent, has minimal side effects and synergizes with other anticancer agents to reinforce their anticancer efficacy. The present study investigated whether fenretinide eliminated colon sphere cells. HT29 and HCT116 cells incubated in low-serum culture medium were more sensitive to fenretinide treatment than those incubated in full-serum medium. Colon spheres formed in serum-free medium demonstrated stem-like characteristics. The percentage of cluster of differentiation (CD) 44+ cells was significantly higher in sphere cells compared with parental cells. Sphere cells also demonstrated increased tumorigenic ability in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Fenretinide inhibited the formation of colon spheres in HT29 and HCT116 cells. Microarray, cell cycle and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that fenretinide induced genes associated with cell cycle regulation and the stress response in fenretinide-treated HT29 sphere cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to investigate the effect of fenretinide on colon stem cells. Fenretinide was demonstrated to preferentially target colon sphere cells, which may possess certain stem-like characteristics. These results are an important addition to the current knowledge concerning fenretinide, and provide a foundation for its clinical application in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)/Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China.,Graduate School of The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Jiansheng Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Haiwei Wang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM)/Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhi Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
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11
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Kozovska Z, Patsalias A, Bajzik V, Durinikova E, Demkova L, Jargasova S, Smolkova B, Plava J, Kucerova L, Matuskova M. ALDH1A inhibition sensitizes colon cancer cells to chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:656. [PMID: 29902974 PMCID: PMC6003038 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence in cancer research, developed the notion that malignant tumors consist of different subpopulations of cells, one of them, known as cancer stem cells, being attributed many important properties such as enhanced tumorigenicity, proliferation potential and profound multidrug resistance to chemotherapy. Several key stem cells markers were identified in colon cancer. In our study we focused on the aldehyde dehydrogenase type 1 (ALDH1) expression in colon cancer-derived cell lines HT-29/eGFP, HCT-116/eGFP and LS-180/eGFP, and its role in the chemoresistance and tumorigenic potential. Methods The effect of pharmacological inhibition of ALDH activity by diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) and also effect of molecular inhibition by specific siRNA was evaluated in vitro in cultures of human colorectal cell lines. The expression level of different isoenzymes of aldehyde dehydrogenase was determined using qPCR. Changes in cell biology were evaluated by expression analysis, western blot and apoptosis assay. The efficiency of cytotoxic treatment in the presence of different chemotherapeutic drugs was analyzed by fluorimetric assay. Tumorigenicity of cells with specific ALDH1A1 siRNA was tested in xenograft model in vivo. Results Treatment by DEAB partially sensitized the tested cell lines to chemotherapeutics. Subsequently the molecular inhibition of specific isoforms of ALDH by ALDH1A1 or ALDH1A3 siRNA led to sensitizing of cell lines HT-29/eGFP, HCT-116/eGFP to capecitabine and 5-FU. On the model of athymic mice we observed the effect of molecular inhibition of ALDH1A1 in HT-29/eGFP cells by siRNA. We observed inhibition of proliferation of subcutaneous xenografts in comparison to control cells. Conclusion This research, verifies the significance of the ALDH1A isoforms in multidrug resistance of human colorectal cancer cells and its potential as a cancer stem cell marker. This provides the basis for the development of new approaches regarding the treatment of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma and potentially the treatment of other tumor malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kozovska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - A Patsalias
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - V Bajzik
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - E Durinikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Demkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - S Jargasova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - B Smolkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J Plava
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Kucerova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Matuskova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
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12
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Liu B, Xu T, Xu X, Cui Y, Xing X. Biglycan promotes the chemotherapy resistance of colon cancer by activating NF-κB signal transduction. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 449:285-294. [PMID: 29761248 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biglycan (BGN) is overexpressed in cancer stem cells of colon cancer and induces the activation of NF-κB pathway which contributes to the chemotherapy resistance of diverse cancer types. Therefore, we hypothesized that the overexpression of BGN also promoted the development of multiple drug resistance (MDR) in colon cancer via NF-κB pathway. The expression of BGN was bilaterally modulated in colon cancer cell lines HT-29 and SW-480 and the effect of treatments on the cell proliferation and resistance to 5-FU was assessed. Moreover, the role of NF-κB signaling in the BGN-mediated formation of MDR was further investigated by subjecting BGN-overexpressed SW-480 cells to the co-treatment of chemo-agents and NF-κB inhibitor, PDTC. The inhibition of BGN expression decreased the proliferation potential of HT-29 cells while the induction of BGN expression increased the potential of SW-480 cells. BGN knockdown increased HT-29 cells' sensitivity to 5-FU, represented by the lower colony number and higher apoptotic rate. To the contrary, BGN overexpression promoted the resistance of SW-480 cells to 5-FU. The effect of BGN modulation on colon cancer cells was associated with the changes in apoptosis and NF-κB pathways: BGN inhibition increased the expressions of pro-apoptosis indicators and suppressed NF-κB pathway activity while BGN overexpression had the opposite effect. It was also found that the BGN-mediated formation of MDR was impaired when NF-κB pathway was blocked. Findings outlined in the current study showed that BGN contributed to the formation of chemotherapy resistance in colon cancer cells by activating NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Hematology and Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Tonghong Xu
- Department of Hematology and Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinning Xu
- Department of Hematology and Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhu Cui
- Department of Hematology and Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Xing
- Department of Hematology and Breast Cancer, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Shenyang, 110042, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Lee A, Won KY, Lim SJ, Cho SY, Han SA, Park S, Song JY. ALDH1 and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as predictors for neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:619-624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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D'Alessio A, Proietti G, Lama G, Biamonte F, Lauriola L, Moscato U, Vescovi A, Mangiola A, Angelucci C, Sica G. Analysis of angiogenesis related factors in glioblastoma, peritumoral tissue and their derived cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78541-78556. [PMID: 27705944 PMCID: PMC5346658 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels represents a crucial event under both physiological and pathological circumstances. In this study, we evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and/or Western blotting and/or quantitative real time-PCR the expression of HIF1α, HIF2α, VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 in surgical glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and peritumoral tissue samples obtained from 50 patients as well as in cancer stem cells (CSCs) isolated from GBM (GCSCs) and peritumoral tissue (PCSCs) of 5 patients. We also investigated the contribution of both GCSCs and PCSCs on the behavior of endothelial cells (ECs) in vitro. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the expression of angiogenesis markers in both GBM and peritumoral tissue. In addition, in vitro tube formation assay indicated that both GCSCs and PCSCs stimulate EC proliferation as well as tube-like vessel formation. An increased migration aptitude was mainly observed when ECs were cultured in the presence of GCSCs rather than in the presence of PCSCs. These findings suggest that relevant neoangiogenetic events may occur in GBM. In particular, VEGF/VEGFR co-expression in PCSCs leads to hypothesize the involvement of an autocrine signaling. Moreover, our results suggest that both GCSCs and PCSCs own the skill of activating the "angiogenic switch" and the capability of modulating EC behavior, indicating that both cell types are either responsive to angiogenic stimuli or able to trigger angiogenic response. Together with our previous findings, this study adds a further piece to the challenging puzzle of the characterization of peritumoral tissue and of the definition of its real role in GBM pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio D'Alessio
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, "A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Proietti
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, "A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Lama
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, "A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Biamonte
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, "A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Libero Lauriola
- Institute of Pathology, "A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Moscato
- Institute of Public Health, Hygiene Division,"A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Vescovi
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | | | - Cristiana Angelucci
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, "A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, "A. Gemelli" Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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15
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Tudrej KB, Czepielewska E, Kozłowska-Wojciechowska M. SOX10-MITF pathway activity in melanoma cells. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1493-1503. [PMID: 29181082 PMCID: PMC5701683 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.60655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most dangerous and lethal skin cancers, with a considerable metastatic potential and drug resistance. It involves a malignant transformation of melanocytes. The exact course of events in which melanocytes become melanoma cells remains unclear. Nevertheless, this process is said to be dependent on the occurrence of cells with the phenotype of progenitor cells - cells characterized by expression of proteins such as nestin, CD-133 or CD-271. The development of these cells and their survival were found to be potentially dependent on the neural crest stem cell transcription factor SOX10. This is just one of the possible roles of SOX10, which contributes to melanomagenesis by regulating the SOX10-MITF pathway, but also to melanoma cell survival, proliferation and metastasis formation. The aim of this review is to describe the broad influence of the SOX10-MITF pathway on melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol B Tudrej
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Czepielewska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Ohashi R, Sangen M, Namimatsu S, Yanagihara K, Yamashita K, Sakatani T, Takei H, Naito Z. Prognostic value of IMP3 expression as a determinant of chemosensitivity in triple-negative breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:1160-1165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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Singh AK, Sharma N, Ghosh M, Park YH, Jeong DK. Emerging importance of dietary phytochemicals in fight against cancer: Role in targeting cancer stem cells. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:3449-3463. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1129310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Neelesh Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R. S. Pura, Jammu, India
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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18
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Amey CL, Karnoub AE. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells-A Renewed Therapeutic Paradigm. ONCOLOGY & HEMATOLOGY REVIEW 2017; 13:45-55. [PMID: 33959299 PMCID: PMC8098671 DOI: 10.17925/ohr.2017.13.01.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is often accompanied by radio- and chemotherapeutic resistance to anticancer treatments and is the major cause of death in cancer patients. Better understanding of how cancer cells circumvent therapeutic insults and how disseminated cancer clones generate life-threatening metastases would therefore be paramount to the development of effective therapeutic approaches for clinical management of malignant disease. Mounting reports over the past two decades have provided evidence for the existence of a minor population of highly malignant cells within liquid and solid tumors, which are capable of self-renewing and of regenerating secondary growths with the heterogeneity of the primary tumors from which they derive. These cells, called tumor-initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit increased resistance to standard radio- and chemotherapies and appear to have mechanisms that enable them to evade immune surveillance. CSCs are therefore considered to be responsible for systemic residual disease after cancer therapy, as well as for disease relapse. How CSCs develop, the nature of the interactions they establish with their microenvironment, their phenotypic and functional characteristics, as well as their molecular dependencies have all taken center stage in cancer therapy. Indeed, improved understanding of CSC biology is critical to the development of important CSC-based anti-neoplastic approaches that have the potential to radically improve cancer management. Here, we summarize some of the most pertinent elements regarding CSC development and properties, and highlight some of the clinical modalities in current development as anti-CSC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoine E Karnoub
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, US; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US
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19
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Ohashi R, Kawahara K, Namimatsu S, Okamura R, Igarashi T, Sugitani I, Naito Z. Expression of MRP1 and ABCG2 is associated with adverse clinical outcomes of papillary thyroid carcinoma with a solid component. Hum Pathol 2017; 67:11-17. [PMID: 28411177 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solid variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is characterized by a solid component (SC) retaining classical cytological features of PTC. Despite some controversies, PTC with SC (PTCSC) cases have poor prognosis compared with well-differentiated PTC. We investigated if cancer stem cells (CSCs) may have a role in pathogenesis of PTCSC. PTCSC tumors (n=27) were histologically represented by a mixture of papillary component (PC) and varying degrees of SC involving 10% to 85% of the tumor. Immunohistochemical expression of CSC markers ABCG2 and MRP1, and HBME1 and CK19 was compared between SC and PC within each tumor in association with clinicopathological parameters. ABCG2 and MRP1 were highly expressed in SC, whereas their expression was limited or absent in PC (P=.04 and .002, respectively). In contrast, expression of HBME1 and CK19 appeared higher in PC than in SC (P=.08 and .02, respectively). Higher expression of ABCG2 was associated with higher incidence of large-sized SC (P=.01). Higher expression of MRP1 was associated with higher incidence of lymphovascular invasion (P=.049). Higher expression of ABCG2 and MRP1, and lower expression of CK19 in SC were associated with higher tumor recurrence rate (P=.02, .01, and .02, respectively), and shorter disease-free survival (P<.001 for all the variables). Our findings indicate that the tumor cells harboring CSC-like characteristics in SC could contribute to the pathogenesis of PTCSC and might account for the poor disease prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Ohashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Kiyoko Kawahara
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Shigeki Namimatsu
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Okamura
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Takehito Igarashi
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Iwao Sugitani
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Zenya Naito
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan; Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
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20
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Zhu G, Rankin SL, Larson JD, Zhu X, Chow LML, Qu C, Zhang J, Ellison DW, Baker SJ. PTEN Signaling in the Postnatal Perivascular Progenitor Niche Drives Medulloblastoma Formation. Cancer Res 2016; 77:123-133. [PMID: 27815386 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Loss of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN exerts diverse outcomes on cancer in different developmental contexts. To gain insight into the effect of its loss on outcomes in the brain, we conditionally inactivated the murine Pten gene in neonatal neural stem/progenitor cells. Pten inactivation created an abnormal perivascular proliferative niche in the cerebellum that persisted in adult animals but did not progress to malignancy. Proliferating cells showed undifferentiated morphology and expressed the progenitor marker Nestin but not Math1, a marker of committed granule neuron progenitors. Codeletion of Pten and Trp53 resulted in fully penetrant medulloblastoma originating from the perivascular niche, which exhibited abnormal blood vessel networks and advanced neuronal differentiation of tumor cells. EdU pulse-chase experiments demonstrated a perivascular cancer stem cell population in Pten/Trp53 double mutant medulloblastomas. Genetic analyses revealed recurrent somatic inactivations of the tumor suppressor gene Ptch1 and a recapitulation of the sonic hedgehog subgroup of human medulloblastomas. Overall, our results showed that PTEN acts to prevent the proliferation of a progenitor niche in postnatal cerebellum predisposed to oncogenic induction of medulloblastoma. Cancer Res; 77(1); 123-33. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Zhu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sherri L Rankin
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jon D Larson
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Lionel M L Chow
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Chunxu Qu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - David W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Suzanne J Baker
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee. .,Integrated Program in Biomedical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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21
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Inhibition of fatty acid synthase suppresses neovascularization via regulating the expression of VEGF-A in glioma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2447-2459. [PMID: 27601165 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acids (FAs) are essential for membrane lipids biosynthesis and energy consumption in cancer cells. De novo FAs synthesis is catalyzed by fatty acid synthase (FASN), which is overexpressed and correlates with histological grade in glioma. Herein, we focused on the role of FASN in glioma neovascularization. METHODS The expression levels of FASN, Ki67 and CD34 were determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). FASN specific-targeted shRNA and C75 were applied to evaluate the influence of FASN on glioma stem cell proliferation, migration and tube formation ability in vitro. An intracranial glioma model was established to study the effects of FASN on tumor growth and neovascularization in vivo. RESULTS IHC staining showed that the expression level of FASN correlated with tumor grade, Ki67 levels and microvessels density (MVD) in human gliomas. Inhibition of FASN using shRNAs or C75 decreased tumor growth, prolonged the overall survival of xenograft mice and decreased MVD in brain tumor sections. Moreover, inhibition of FASN blocked hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) signaling and upregulated the anti-angiogenic isoform-VEGF165b. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that FASN plays a pivotal role in glioma neovascularization, and inhibition of FASN may be a potential target for anti-angiogenic therapy for glioma.
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22
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Nardella M, Guglielmi L, Musa C, Iannetti I, Maresca G, Amendola D, Porru M, Carico E, Sessa G, Camerlingo R, Dominici C, Megiorni F, Milan M, Bearzi C, Rizzi R, Pirozzi G, Leonetti C, Bucci B, Mercanti D, Felsani A, D'Agnano I. Down-regulation of the Lamin A/C in neuroblastoma triggers the expansion of tumor initiating cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32821-40. [PMID: 26439802 PMCID: PMC4741732 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells constitute a population within a tumor mass that shares properties with normal stem cells and is considered responsible for therapy failure in many cancers. We have previously demonstrated that knockdown of the nuclear envelope component Lamin A/C in human neuroblastoma cells inhibits retinoic acid-mediated differentiation and results in a more aggressive phenotype. In addition, Lamin A/C is often lost in advanced tumors and changes in the nuclear envelope composition occur during tumor progression. Based on our previous data and considering that Lamin A/C is expressed in differentiated tissues, we hypothesize that the lack of Lamin A/C could predispose cells toward a stem-like phenotype, thus influencing the development of tumor-initiating cells in neuroblastoma. This paper demonstrates that knockdown of Lamin A/C triggers the development of a tumor-initiating cell population with self-renewing features in human neuroblastoma cells. We also demonstrates that the development of TICs is due to an increased expression of MYCN gene and that in neuroblastoma exists an inverse relationship between LMNA and MYCN expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nardella
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Loredana Guglielmi
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Musa
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iannetti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Maresca
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Carico
- UOD Cytopathology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sessa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Institute-IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosalba Camerlingo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Institute-IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Dominici
- Department of Paediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,School of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Paediatrics and Infantile Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Milan
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Bearzi
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.,I.R.C.C.S Multimedica, Scientific and Technology Pole, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.,I.R.C.C.S Multimedica, Scientific and Technology Pole, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pirozzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Institute-IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Delio Mercanti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Armando Felsani
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Igea D'Agnano
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology-CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
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23
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miRNA-regulated cancer stem cells: understanding the property and the role of miRNA in carcinogenesis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:13039-13048. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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24
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Irvin DM, McNeill RS, Bash RE, Miller CR. Intrinsic Astrocyte Heterogeneity Influences Tumor Growth in Glioma Mouse Models. Brain Pathol 2016; 27:36-50. [PMID: 26762242 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of cellular origin on glioma pathogenesis remains elusive. We previously showed that mutations inactivating Rb and Pten and activating Kras transform astrocytes and induce tumorigenesis throughout the adult mouse brain. However, it remained unclear whether astrocyte subpopulations were susceptible to these mutations. We therefore used genetic lineage tracing and fate mapping in adult conditional, inducible genetically engineered mice to monitor transformation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) astrocytes and immunofluorescence to monitor cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment over time. Because considerable regional heterogeneity exists among astrocytes, we also examined the influence of brain region on tumor growth. GFAP astrocyte transformation induced uniformly rapid, regionally independent tumor growth, but transformation of GLAST astrocytes induced slowly growing tumors with significant regional bias. Transformed GLAST astrocytes had reduced proliferative response in culture and in vivo and malignant progression was delayed in these tumors. Recruited glial cells, including proliferating astrocytes, oligodendrocyte progenitors and microglia, were the majority of GLAST, but not GFAP astrocyte-derived tumors and their abundance dynamically changed over time. These results suggest that intrinsic astrocyte heterogeneity, and perhaps regional brain microenvironment, significantly contributes to glioma pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Irvin
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Robert S McNeill
- Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.,Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ryan E Bash
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.,Pathobiology and Translational Science Graduate Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.,Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Neurology and Neurosciences Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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25
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Ohashi R, Kawahara K, Fujii T, Takei H, Naito Z. Higher expression of EpCAM is associated with poor clinical and pathological responses in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pathol Int 2016; 66:210-7. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Ohashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Nippon Medical School Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kawahara
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takenori Fujii
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takei
- Division of Breast Surgery; Nippon Medical School Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Zenya Naito
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Nippon Medical School Hospital; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology; Nippon Medical School; Tokyo Japan
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26
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Kida K, Ishikawa T, Yamada A, Shimada K, Narui K, Sugae S, Shimizu D, Tanabe M, Sasaki T, Ichikawa Y, Endo I. Effect of ALDH1 on prognosis and chemoresistance by breast cancer subtype. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2016; 156:261-9. [PMID: 26975188 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-3738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) has been identified as a breast cancer stem cell marker, but its value as a predictor of prognosis and chemoresistance is controversial. This study investigated the effect of ALDH1 on prognosis and chemoresponse by breast cancer subtype. We immunohistochemically analyzed 653 invasive breast cancer specimens and evaluated correlations among clinicopathological factors, survival status, response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and ALDH1 expression. Of 653 specimens, 139 (21.3 %) expressed ALDH1 in tumor cells. ALDH1 expression was correlated significantly with larger tumor size, node metastasis, higher nuclear grade, and with HER2(+) and progesterone/estrogen receptor (HR)(-) subtypes. ALDH1 expression was significantly observed in HER2 type and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Patients with ALDH1(+) cancers had significantly shorter disease-free survival (P < 0001) and overall survival (P = 0.044). ALDH1 expression significantly affected prognosis of luminal types, but not TNBC and HER2-enriched types. For the 234 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, pathological complete response (pCR) rate was significantly lower in ALDH1(+) cases (13.5 vs. 30.3 %, P = 0.003). pCR and ALDH1 expression were significantly correlated in TNBC patients (P = 0.003). ALDH1(+) breast cancers tended to be aggressive, with poor prognoses. Although ALDH1(+) TNBC showed higher chemoresistance, ALDH1 had significant impact on prognosis in the luminal type but not in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Akimitsu Yamada
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Narui
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sadatoshi Sugae
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikiko Tanabe
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ichikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Yasumoto Y, Miyazaki H, Vaidyan LK, Kagawa Y, Ebrahimi M, Yamamoto Y, Ogata M, Katsuyama Y, Sadahiro H, Suzuki M, Owada Y. Inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthase Decreases Expression of Stemness Markers in Glioma Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147717. [PMID: 26808816 PMCID: PMC4726602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolic changes, especially to lipid metabolism, have recently been recognized as a hallmark of various cancer cells. However, little is known about the significance of cellular lipid metabolism in the regulation of biological activity of glioma stem cells (GSCs). In this study, we examined the expression and role of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key lipogenic enzyme, in GSCs. In the de novo lipid synthesis assay, GSCs exhibited higher lipogenesis than differentiated non-GSCs. Western blot and immunocytochemical analyses revealed that FASN is strongly expressed in multiple lines of patient-derived GSCs (G144 and Y10), but its expression was markedly reduced upon differentiation. When GSCs were treated with 20 μM cerulenin, a pharmacological inhibitor of FASN, their proliferation and migration were significantly suppressed and de novo lipogenesis decreased. Furthermore, following cerulenin treatment, expression of the GSC markers nestin, Sox2 and fatty acid binding protein (FABP7), markers of GCSs, decreased while that of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression increased. Taken together, our results indicate that FASN plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of GSC stemness, and FASN-mediated de novo lipid biosynthesis is closely associated with tumor growth and invasion in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yasumoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyazaki
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Linda Koshy Vaidyan
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Kagawa
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Majid Ebrahimi
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Masaki Ogata
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu Katsuyama
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Sadahiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Michiyasu Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Tanei T, Choi DS, Rodriguez AA, Liang DH, Dobrolecki L, Ghosh M, Landis MD, Chang JC. Antitumor activity of Cetuximab in combination with Ixabepilone on triple negative breast cancer stem cells. Breast Cancer Res 2016; 18:6. [PMID: 26757880 PMCID: PMC4711100 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Developing novel strategies against treatment-resistant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells remains a significant challenge. The ErbB family, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays key roles in metastasis, tumorigenesis, cell proliferation, and drug resistance. Recently, these characteristics have been linked to a small subpopulation of cells classified as cancer stem cells (CSC) which are believed to be responsible for tumor initiation and maintenance. Ixabepilone is a new generation microtubule-stabilizing agent, which has been expected to be more efficacious than conventional taxanes. Here we aim to investigate whether the EGFR monoclonal antibody Cetuximab, in combination with Ixabepilone, is more effective in eliminating CSC populations compared to chemotherapy alone in TNBC. Methods Representative TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and SUM159) were used to evaluate breast CSC populations. We used fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis (CD44+ and CD24-/low, or Aldefluor+) and a self-renewal assay called mammosphere formation efficiency (MSFE) to measure CSC population size after treatment with Cetuximab, or Cetuximab plus Ixabepilone in vitro. Results Although there was no significant decrease in cell viability, Cetuximab reduced MSFE and the CSC population in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of autophagy. Also, SUM159 and MDA-MB-231 orthotopic tumors demonstrated partial response to Centuximab or Ixabepilone monotherapy; however, the effect of the combination treatment was significant only in SUM159 tumors (p <0.0001), when compared to Ixabepilone alone. Conclusions Overall, our findings demonstrate that EGFR-targeted therapy by Cetuximab effectively reduces the CSC population in TNBC tumors. However, combination therapy with Ixabepilone may be effective only in a small subset of TNBCs, warranting further investigation of alternative approaches to target multiple pathways for TNBC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0662-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Tanei
- Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, P21-34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Dong Soon Choi
- Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, P21-34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Angel A Rodriguez
- Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, P21-34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Diana Hwang Liang
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Lacey Dobrolecki
- Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, P21-34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Madhumita Ghosh
- Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, P21-34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Melissa D Landis
- Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, P21-34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6445 Main Street, P21-34, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Raina K, Kumar S, Dhar D, Agarwal R. Silibinin and colorectal cancer chemoprevention: a comprehensive review on mechanisms and efficacy. J Biomed Res 2015; 30:452-465. [PMID: 27476880 PMCID: PMC5138577 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.30.20150111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as the incidence of mortality associated with CRC is increasing. Thus, it is imperative that we look at alternative approaches involving intake of non-toxic natural dietary/non-dietary agents, for the prevention of CRC. The ultimate goal of this approach is to reduce the incidence of pre-neoplastic adenomatous polyps and prevent their progression to more advanced forms of CRC, and use these natural agents as a safe intervention strategy during the clinical course of this deadly malignancy. Over the years, pre-clinical studies have shown that silibinin (a flavonolignan isolated from the seeds of milk thistle, Silybum marianum) has strong preventive and therapeutic efficacy against various epithelial cancers, including CRC. The focus of the present review is to provide a comprehensive tabular summary, categorically for an easy accessibility and referencing, pertaining to the efficacy and associated mechanisms of silibinin against CRC growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Deepanshi Dhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.,University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
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QI FEI, WEI LIHUI, SHEN ALING, CHEN YOUQIN, LIN JIUMAO, CHU JIANFENG, CAI QIAOYAN, PAN JIE, PENG JUN. Pien Tze Huang inhibits the proliferation, and induces the apoptosis and differentiation of colorectal cancer stem cells via suppression of the Notch1 pathway. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:511-7. [PMID: 26530025 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Elbasateeny SS, Salem AA, Abdelsalam WA, Salem RA. Immunohistochemical expression of cancer stem cell related markers CD44 and CD133 in endometrial cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 212:10-6. [PMID: 26608413 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to detect the presence of cancer stem cell markers CD44 and CD133 in immunohistochemically stained samples of endometrial cancer and correlate their expression with clinicopathological variables to identify the impact of CD44 or CD133 expression on tumor behavior and endometrial carcinogenesis. Marker expression was analyzed in 62 endometrial cancer samples (57 endometrioid carcinoma and 5 carcinosarcoma) and 15 proliferative endometrium samples. We detected CD133 and CD44 expression in 87.09% and 79.03% respectively of the studied endometrial cancers, and the expression was significantly different from the normal group. CD44 expression decreased with myometrial invasive depth and lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), and these inverse relationships were significant (p=0.034, p=0.019, respectively). CD133 was more expressed by early stage tumor (FIGO I-II) compared with those having FIGO III to IV stage disease (p=0.021). The most notable conclusion of the present study is that CD44 and CD133 might participate in early-stage endometrial cancer carcinogenesis, and their overexpression may facilitate the early diagnosis of endometrial cancers. Analysis of our results supports the hypothesis that CD44 expression tends to decrease as the disease becomes invasive and progressive. So, we concluded that CD44 down-regulation might warn of a more aggressive course and may have a link with poorly prognosis carcinosarcomas. Further examination of the expression and function of CD44 and CD133 with a greater number of carcinosarcomas is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amira A Salem
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Walid A Abdelsalam
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Reham A Salem
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Desiderio V, Papagerakis P, Tirino V, Zheng L, Matossian M, Prince ME, Paino F, Mele L, Papaccio F, Montella R, Papaccio G, Papagerakis S. Increased fucosylation has a pivotal role in invasive and metastatic properties of head and neck cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:71-84. [PMID: 25428916 PMCID: PMC4381579 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality rates. Major challenges for OSCC management include development of resistance to therapy and early formation of distant metastases. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as important players in both pathologic mechanisms. Increased fucosylation activity and increased expression of fucosylated polysaccharides, such as Sialyl Lewis X (SLex), are associated with invasion and metastasis. However, the role of fucosylation in CSCs has not been elucidated yet. We used the spheroid culture technique to obtain a CSC-enriched population and compared orospheres with adherent cells. We found that orospheres expressed markers of CSCs and metastasis at higher levels, were more invasive and tumorigenic, and were more resistant to cisplatin/radiation than adherent counterparts. We found fucosyltransferases FUT3 and FUT6 highly up-regulated, increased SLex expression and increased adhesion by shear flow assays in orospheres. Inhibition of fucosylation negatively affected orospheres formation and invasion of oral CSCs. These results confirm that orospheres are enriched in CSCs and that fucosylation is of paramount importance for CSC invasion. In addition, SLex may play a key role in CSC metastasis. Thus, inhibition of fucosylation may be used to block CSCs and metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Center for Organogenesis, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Margarite Matossian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark E Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Francesca Paino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Mele
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Montella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Papagerakis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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A critical role of Oct4A in mediating metastasis and disease-free survival in a mouse model of ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:152. [PMID: 26260289 PMCID: PMC4531496 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High grade epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is commonly characterised by widespread peritoneal dissemination and ascites. Metastatic EOC tumour cells can attach directly to neighbouring organs or alternatively, maintain long term tumourigenicity and chemoresistance by forming cellular aggregates (spheroids). Cancer stem-like cells are proposed to facilitate this mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the role of Oct4A, an embryonic stem cell factor and known master regulator of pluripotency in EOC progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. METHODS To investigate the expression of Oct4A in primary EOC tumours, IHC and qRT-PCR analyses were used. The expression of Oct4A in chemonaive and recurrent EOC patient ascites-derived tumour cells samples was investigated by qRT-PCR. The functional role of Oct4A in EOC was evaluated by generating stable knockdown Oct4A clones in the established EOC cell line HEY using shRNA-mediated silencing technology. Cellular proliferation, spheroid forming ability, migration and chemosensitivty following loss of Oct4A in HEY cells was measured by in vitro functional assays. These observations were further validated in an in vivo mouse model using intraperitoneal (IP) injection of established Oct4A KD clones into Balb/c nu/nu mice. RESULTS We demonstrate that, compared to normal ovaries Oct4A expression significantly increases with tumour dedifferentiation. Oct4A expression was also significantly high in the ascites-derived tumour cells of recurrent EOC patients compared to chemonaive patients. Silencing of Oct4A in HEY cells resulted in decreased cellular proliferation, migration, spheroid formation and increased chemosensitivity to cisplatin in vitro. IP injection of Oct4A knockdown cells in vivo produced significantly reduced tumour burden, tumour size and invasiveness in mice, which overall resulted in significantly increased mouse survival rates compared to mice injected with control cells. CONCLUSIONS This data highlights a crucial role for Oct4A in the progression and metastasis of EOC. Targeting Oct4A may prove to be an effective strategy in the treatment and management of epithelial ovarian tumours.
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Kumar S, Kumar D, Raina K, Agarwal R, Agarwal C. Functional modification of adipocytes by grape seed extract impairs their pro-tumorigenic signaling on colon cancer stem cells and the daughter cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10151-69. [PMID: 25294814 PMCID: PMC4259412 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With global rise in obesity, it is imperative that we identify obesity-driven factors that increase growth and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), and also discover and develop agents with anti-CRC efficacy under obese conditions. Here in, we investigated grape seed extract (GSE), a well-defined agent with both preventive and anti-CRC efficacy, for its potential to impair pro-tumorigenic signaling of adipocytes on CRC/colon cancer stem cells (CSCs) and associated molecular mechanisms, to control CRC under obese conditions. GSE treatment significantly decreased the growth and invasion promoting effects of both mouse and human adipocytes on CRC cells. Moreover, GSE exerted a direct inhibitory effect, as well as it strongly reduced the growth promoting signals of adipocytes, on colon CSCs. These GSE effects were associated with a decrease in both mRNA and protein levels of various CSC-associated molecules. Notably, GSE effects on adipocytes were not due to changes in lipid content, but by inducing the ‘browning’ of adipocytes as evidenced by an increase in UCP-1 mRNA level and mitochondriogenesis. Together, these findings, for the first time, suggest the ability of GSE to induce ‘brown remodeling’ of white adipocytes, which causes functional modification of adipocytes thus impairing their pro-tumorigenic signals on colon CSCs/CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colovado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aorova, CO, USA. Contributed equally and share first authorship
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colovado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aorova, CO, USA. Contributed equally and share first authorship
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colovado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aorova, CO, USA. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colovado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aorova, CO, USA. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colovado Anshutz Medical Campus, Aorova, CO, USA. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Lee EJ, Rath P, Liu J, Ryu D, Pei L, Noonepalle SK, Shull AY, Feng Q, Litofsky NS, Miller DC, Anthony DC, Kirk MD, Laterra J, Deng L, Xin HB, Wang X, Choi JH, Shi H. Identification of Global DNA Methylation Signatures in Glioblastoma-Derived Cancer Stem Cells. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:355-71. [PMID: 26233891 PMCID: PMC4648292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. The existence of a small population of stem-like tumor cells that efficiently propagate tumors and resist cytotoxic therapy is one proposed mechanism leading to the resilient behavior of tumor cells and poor prognosis. In this study, we performed an in-depth analysis of the DNA methylation landscape in GBM-derived cancer stem cells (GSCs). Parallel comparisons of primary tumors and GSC lines derived from these tumors with normal controls (a neural stem cell (NSC) line and normal brain tissue) identified groups of hyper- and hypomethylated genes that display a trend of either increasing or decreasing methylation levels in the order of controls, primary GBMs, and their counterpart GSC lines, respectively. Interestingly, concurrent promoter hypermethylation and gene body hypomethylation were observed in a subset of genes including MGMT, AJAP1 and PTPRN2. These unique DNA methylation signatures were also found in primary GBM-derived xenograft tumors indicating that they are not tissue culture-related epigenetic changes. Integration of GSC-specific epigenetic signatures with gene expression analysis further identified candidate tumor suppressor genes that are frequently down-regulated in GBMs such as SPINT2, NEFM and PENK. Forced re-expression of SPINT2 reduced glioma cell proliferative capacity, anchorage independent growth, cell motility, and tumor sphere formation in vitro. The results from this study demonstrate that GSCs possess unique epigenetic signatures that may play important roles in the pathogenesis of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joon Lee
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Prakash Rath
- Department of Biology, College of Art and Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jimei Liu
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Dungsung Ryu
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Lirong Pei
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Satish K Noonepalle
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Austin Y Shull
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Qi Feng
- Division of Neurological Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - N Scott Litofsky
- Division of Neurological Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Douglas C Miller
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Douglas C Anthony
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University and Lifespan Academic Medical Center, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Mark D Kirk
- Department of Biology, College of Art and Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - John Laterra
- Department of Neurology, The Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc. and The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Libin Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xinguo Wang
- David H. Murdock Research Institute, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Choi
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Huidong Shi
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Miyata T, Yoshimatsu T, So T, Oyama T, Uramoto H, Osaki T, Nakanishi R, Tanaka F, Nagaya H, Gotoh A. Cancer stem cell markers in lung cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pmu.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sajadian S, Vatankhah M, Majdzadeh M, Kouhsari SM, Ghahremani MH, Ostad SN. Cell cycle arrest and apoptogenic properties of opium alkaloids noscapine and papaverine on breast cancer stem cells. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:388-95. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1045656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Kumar S, Raina K, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Silibinin strongly inhibits the growth kinetics of colon cancer stem cell-enriched spheroids by modulating interleukin 4/6-mediated survival signals. Oncotarget 2015; 5:4972-89. [PMID: 24970802 PMCID: PMC4148115 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Involvement of cancer stem cells (CSC) in initiation, progression, relapse, and therapy-resistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) warrants search for small molecules as ‘adjunct-therapy’ to target both colon CSC and bulk tumor population. Herein, we assessed the potential of silibinin to eradicate colon CSC together with associated molecular mechanisms. In studies examining how silibinin modulates dynamics of CSC spheroids in terms of its effect on kinetics of CSC spheroids generated in presence of mitogenic and interleukin (IL)-mediated signaling which provides an autocrine/paracrine amplification loop in CRC, silibinin strongly decreased colon CSC pool together with cell survival of bulk tumor cells. Silibinin effect on colon CSC was mediated via blocking of pro-tumorigenic signaling, notably IL-4/-6 signaling that affects CSC population. These silibinin effects were associated with decreased mRNA and protein levels of various CSC-associated transcription factors, signaling molecules and markers. Furthermore, 2D and 3D differentiation assays indicated formation of more differentiated clones by silibinin. These results highlight silibinin potential to interfere with kinetics of CSC pool by shifting CSC cell division to asymmetric type via targeting various signals associated with the survival and multiplication of colon CSC pool. Together, our findings further support clinical usefulness of silibinin in CRC intervention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. These Authors Contributed equally and share first authorship
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. These Authors Contributed equally and share first authorship
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado. University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Andrews TE, Wang D, Harki DA. Cell surface markers of cancer stem cells: diagnostic macromolecules and targets for drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 3:121-42. [PMID: 25787981 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The recognition that the persistence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in patients following chemotherapy can result in disease relapse underscores the necessity to develop therapeutics against those cells. CSCs display a unique repertoire of cell surface macromolecules, which have proven essential for their characterization and isolation. Additionally, CSC-specific cell surface macromolecules or markers provide targets for the development of specific agents to destroy them. In this review, we compiled those cell surface molecules that have been validated as CSC markers for many common blood and solid tumors. We describe the unique chemical and structural features of the most common cell surface markers, as well as recent efforts to deliver chemotherapeutic agents into CSCs by targeting those macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Andrews
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
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Vaz AP, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. Cancer stem cells and therapeutic targets: an emerging field for cancer treatment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 3:113-20. [PMID: 24077517 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent paradigm in the field of cancer defines its origin from a small population of fast growing cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), and they are mainly responsible for disease aggressiveness, drug resistance and tumor relapse. The existence of CSCs has been proven in different types of cancer and possesses characteristic expression of a wide array of cell surface markers specific to the type of cancer. CSCs have been isolated and enriched using several surface markers in different cancer types. Self-renewal, drug resistance and the ability to transition from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype are the major features attributed to this fraction of mutated stem cells. The CSC hypothesis proposes that these CSCs mimic stem cells by sharing similar pathways, such as Wnt, SHH, Notch and others. Further, the niche, which in this case is the tumor microenvironment, plays a very important role in the maintenance of CSCs. Altogether, this emerging field of research on CSCs is expected to unveil answers to the most difficult issues of one of the most dreadful diseases called cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arokia Priyanka Vaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, U.S.A
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41
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Rad SMAH, Bamdad T, Sadeghizadeh M, Arefian E, Lotfinia M, Ghanipour M. Transcription factor decoy against stem cells master regulators, Nanog and Oct-4: a possible approach for differentiation therapy. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:2621-9. [PMID: 25464862 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor decoys (TFDs) are exogenous oligonucleotides which can compete by cis-elements in promoters or enhancers for binding to TFs and downregulating gene expression in a specific manner. It is believed that tumor mass originates from cancer stem cells (CSCs) which the same with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the properties of both pluripotency and self-renewal (stemness). Many transcription factors such as Nanog, Oct-4, Sox2, Klf4, and Sall4 act as master regulators in the maintenance of stemness in both cell types. Differentiation therapy is based on this theory that by differentiation of CSCs, tumor mass can be eliminated with common cancer therapy methods. To our knowledge, the present study is the first report of a TFD approach against master regulator of stemness, Nanog, Oct-4, and Klf4, for downregulation purposes in P19 embryonic carcinoma stem cell. Different simple and complex decoys against Nanog, OCT-4, Sox2, and Klf4 were designed and used for this purpose. The results showed that the applied decoys especially Nanog-specific decoy decreased the expression of downstream genes.
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Zhai JH, Gu WC, Xu XL, Wu J, Hu XJ, Hou KZ. Prognostic value of CD133 expression in cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:701-9. [PMID: 25286754 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies evaluated the correlations of CD133 expression with the clinical outcomes in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) but yielded controversial results. This meta-analysis was performed to identify the impacts of CD133 expression on the prognosis of cancer patients treated with CRT. Electronic databases updated up to March 2014 were searched to find relevant studies. Relevant literatures without any language restrictions were searched via electronic databases as follows: Web of Science (1945 ~ 2013), the Cochrane Library Database (Issue 12, 2013), PubMed (1966 ~ 2013), EMBASE (1980 ~ 2013), CINAHL (1982 ~ 2013), and the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) (1982 ~ 2013). STATA software was used for the current meta-analysis. Hazard ratios (HR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. Six studies were identified with a total of 470 cancer patients treated with CRT. The meta-analysis results showed that CD133-positive patients had poorer overall survival (OS) than that of CD133-negative patients (HR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.20 ~ 3.07, P < 0.001). Furthermore, CD133-positive patients displayed shorter disease-free survival (DFS) than that of CD133-negative patients (HR = 1.74, 95% CI = 0.08 ~ 3.40, P = 0.039). Ethnicity-stratified analysis indicated that CD133 expression positively correlated with shorter OS among the Japanese, Chinese, and Spanish populations (all P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that CD133 expression may be positively correlated with poorer prognosis in cancer patients treated with CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hai Zhai
- GI Medicine, Wuxi TCM Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, People's Republic of China
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43
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Kozovska Z, Gabrisova V, Kucerova L. Colon cancer: Cancer stem cells markers, drug resistance and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:911-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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De Lerma Barbaro A, Perletti G, Bonapace IM, Monti E. Inflammatory cues acting on the adult intestinal stem cells and the early onset of cancer (review). Int J Oncol 2014; 45:959-68. [PMID: 24920319 PMCID: PMC4121412 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation that cancer often arises at sites of chronic inflammation has prompted the idea that carcinogenesis and inflammation are deeply interwoven. In fact, the current literature highlights a role for chronic inflammation in virtually all the steps of carcinogenesis, including tumor initiation, promotion and progression. The aim of the present article is to review the current literature on the involvement of chronic inflammation in the initiation step and in the very early phases of tumorigenesis, in a type of cancer where adult stem cells are assumed to be the cells of origin of neoplasia. Since the gastrointestinal tract is regarded as the best-established model system to address the liaison between chronic inflammation and neoplasia, the focus of this article will be on intestinal cancer. In fact, the anatomy of the intestinal epithelial lining is uniquely suited to study adult stem cells in their niche, and the bowel crypt is an ideal developmental biology system, as proliferation, differentiation and cell migration are all distributed linearly along the long axis of the crypt. Moreover, crypt stem cells are regarded today as the most likely targets of neoplastic transformation in bowel cancer. More specifically, the present review addresses the molecular mechanisms whereby a state of chronic inflammation could trigger the neoplastic process in the intestine, focusing on the generation of inflammatory cues evoking enhanced proliferation in cells not initiated but at risk of neoplastic transformation because of their stemness. Novel experimental approaches, based on triggering an inflammatory stimulus in the neighbourhood of adult intestinal stem cells, are warranted to address some as yet unanswered questions. A possible approach, the targeted transgenesis of Paneth cells, may be aimed at 'hijacking' the crypt stem cell niche from a status characterized by the maintenance of homeostasis to local chronic inflammation, with the prospect of initiating neoplastic transformation in that site.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Lerma Barbaro
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
| | - G Perletti
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
| | - I M Bonapace
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
| | - E Monti
- Biomedical Research Division, Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Busto Arsizio, Varese, Italy
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Tilghman J, Wu H, Sang Y, Shi X, Guerrero-Cazares H, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Eberhart CG, Laterra J, Ying M. HMMR maintains the stemness and tumorigenicity of glioblastoma stem-like cells. Cancer Res 2014; 74:3168-79. [PMID: 24710409 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSC) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that display stem-like characteristics (stemness) and play unique roles in tumor propagation, therapeutic resistance, and tumor recurrence. Therapeutic targets in GSCs are a focus of increasing interest to improve GBM therapy. Here we report that the hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) is highly expressed in GBM tumors, where it supports the self-renewal and tumorigenic potential of GSCs. HMMR silencing impairs GSC self-renewal and inhibits the expression of GSC markers and regulators. Furthermore, HMMR silencing suppresses GSC-derived tumor growth and extends the survival of mice bearing GSC xenografts. Conversely, HMMR overexpression promotes GSC self-renewal and intracranial tumor propagation. In human GBM tumor specimens, HMMR expression is correlated positively with the expression of stemness-associated markers and regulators. Our findings identify HMMR as a candidate therapeutic target to GSCs as a GBM treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tilghman
- Authors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GeorgiaAuthors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hao Wu
- Authors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yingying Sang
- Authors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaohai Shi
- Authors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hugo Guerrero-Cazares
- Authors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa
- Authors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GeorgiaAuthors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Authors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GeorgiaAuthors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - John Laterra
- Authors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GeorgiaAuthors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GeorgiaAuthors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GeorgiaAuthors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mingyao Ying
- Authors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GeorgiaAuthors' Affiliations: Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger; Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Oncology, Neurosurgery, and Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Emlet DR, Gupta P, Holgado-Madruga M, Del Vecchio CA, Mitra SS, Han SY, Li G, Jensen KC, Vogel H, Xu LW, Skirboll SS, Wong AJ. Targeting a glioblastoma cancer stem-cell population defined by EGF receptor variant III. Cancer Res 2014; 74:1238-49. [PMID: 24366881 PMCID: PMC5661963 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between mutated proteins and the cancer stem-cell population is unclear. Glioblastoma tumors frequently express EGFRvIII, an EGF receptor (EGFR) variant that arises via gene rearrangement and amplification. However, expression of EGFRvIII is restricted despite the prevalence of the alteration. Here, we show that EGFRvIII is highly coexpressed with CD133 and that EGFRvIII(+)/CD133(+) defines the population of cancer stem cells (CSC) with the highest degree of self-renewal and tumor-initiating ability. EGFRvIII(+) cells are associated with other stem/progenitor markers, whereas markers of differentiation are found in EGFRvIII(-) cells. EGFRvIII expression is lost in standard cell culture, but its expression is maintained in tumor sphere culture, and cultured cells also retain the EGFRvIII(+)/CD133(+) coexpression, self-renewal, and tumor initiating abilities. Elimination of the EGFRvIII(+)/CD133(+) population using a bispecific antibody reduced tumorigenicity of implanted tumor cells better than any reagent directed against a single epitope. This work demonstrates that a mutated oncogene can have CSC-specific expression and be used to specifically target this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Emlet
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratories, Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Puja Gupta
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratories, Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Marina Holgado-Madruga
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, IBSAL, School of Medicine, University of Salamanca, C/Alfonso X El Sabio s/n. 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Siddhartha S. Mitra
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Shuang-Yin Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gordon Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 943005
| | - Kristin C. Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, 94305
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Linda Wei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 943005
| | - Stephen S. Skirboll
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 943005
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Albert J. Wong
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratories, Program in Cancer Biology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305
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Agarwal M, Nitta RT, Li G. Casein Kinase 2: a novel player in glioblastoma therapy and cancer stem cells. J Mol Genet Med 2014; 8. [PMID: 25264454 DOI: 10.4172/1747-0862.1000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is an oncogenic protein kinase which contributes to tumor development, proliferation, and suppression of apoptosis in multiple cancer types. The mechanism by which CK2 expression and activity leads to tumorigenesis in glioblastoma (GBM), a stage IV primary brain tumor, is being studied. Recent studies demonstrate that CK2 plays an important role in GBM formation and growth through the inhibition of tumor suppressors and activation of oncogenes. In addition, intriguing new reports indicate that CK2 may regulate GBM formation in a novel manner; CK2 may play a critical role in cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance. Since glial CSCs have the ability to self-renew and initiate tumor growth, new treatments which target these CSCs are needed to treat this fatal disease. Inhibition of CK2 is potentially a novel method to inhibit GBM growth and reoccurrence by targeting the glial CSCs. A new, orally available, selective CK2 inhibitor, CX-4945 has had promising results when tested in cancer cell lines, in vivo xenograft models, and human clinical trials. The development of CK2 targeted inhibitors, starting with CX-4945, may lead to a new class of more effective cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Agarwal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ryan T Nitta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gordon Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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48
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Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stem cells in endometrial cancer. Hum Pathol 2013; 44:1973-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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49
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Abstract
Salinomycin has been shown to control breast cancer stem cells, although the mechanisms underlying its anticancer effects are not clear. Deregulation of cell cycle regulators play critical roles in tumorigenesis, and they have been considered as anticancer targets. In this study, we investigated salinomycin effect on cell cycle progression using OVCAR-8 ovarian cancer cell line and multidrug-resistant NCI/ADR-RES and DXR cell lines that are derived from OVCAR-8. Parental OVCAR-8 cells are sensitive to several anticancer drugs, but NCI/ADR-RES and DXR cells are resistant to several anticancer drugs. However, salinomycin caused cell growth inhibition and apoptosis via cell cycle arrest at G1 in all three cell lines. Salinomycin inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) activity and thus decreased expression of Stat3-target genes, including cyclin D1, Skp2, and survivin. Salinomycin induced degradation of Skp2 and thus accumulated p27Kip1. Knockdown of Skp2 further increased salinomycin-induced G1 arrest, but knockdown of p27Kip1 attenuated salinomycin effect on G1 arrest. Cdh1, an E3 ligase for Skp2, was shifted to nuclear fractions upon salinomycin treatment. Cdh1 knockdown by siRNA reversed salinomycin-induced Skp2 downregulation and p27Kip1 upregulation, indicating that salinomycin activates the APCCdh1–Skp2–p27Kip1 pathway. Concomitantly, si-Cdh1 inhibited salinomycin-induced G1 arrest. Taken together, our data indicate that salinomycin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via downregulation or inactivation of cell cycle-associated oncogenes, such as Stat3, cyclin D1, and Skp2, regardless of multidrug resistance.
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50
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Lan L, Luo Y, Cui D, Shi BY, Deng W, Huo LL, Chen HL, Zhang GY, Deng LL. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition triggers cancer stem cell generation in human thyroid cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:113-20. [PMID: 23604232 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that cancer stem cells or tumor initiating cells are the 'root cause' of malignant cancers. However, the exact origin of cancer stem cells still remains obscure in thyroid research. EMT has been implicated in the initiation and conversion of early-stage tumors into invasive malignancies and is associated with the stemness of cancer cells. Based on these facts, a new hypothesis was suggested that EMT induces cancer stem cell generation and tumor progression in human thyroid cancer cells in vitro. In the present study, FTC133 cells identified as EMT-negative cells were used for EMT induction by HIF‑1α transfection. Overexpression of HIF-1α induced FTC133 cells to undergo EMT, downregulated the epithelial markers E-cadherin, upregulated the mesenchymal marker vimentin, and associated with highly invasive and metastatic properties. Most importantly, the induction of EMT promoted the stem-like side population cell proportion in the FTC133 cells. These results indicate that EMT induction promotes CSC traits and cell proportions in the thyroid cancer cells, which implies that EMT could induce cancer stem cell generation and tumor progression in thyroid cancers. Further understanding of the role of EMT and cancer stem cells in cancer progression may reveal new targets for the prevention or therapy of thyroid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital, The 4th Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China.
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