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Penschke C, Thomas J, Bertram C, Michaelides A, Morgenstern K, Saalfrank P, Bovensiepen U. Hydration at Highly Crowded Interfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:106202. [PMID: 36962030 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular and electronic structure of solvated ions at surfaces requires an analysis of the interactions between the surface, the ions, and the solvent environment on equal footing. Here, we tackle this challenge by exploring the initial stages of Cs^{+} hydration on a Cu(111) surface by combining experiment and theory. Remarkably, we observe "inside-out" solvation of Cs^{+} ions, i.e., their preferential location at the perimeter of the water clusters on the metal surface. In addition, water-Cs complexes containing multiple Cs^{+} ions are observed to form at these surfaces. Established models based on maximum ion-water coordination and conventional solvation models cannot account for this situation, and the complex interplay of microscopic interactions is the key to a fundamental understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Penschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - John Thomas
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Cord Bertram
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Karina Morgenstern
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Uwe Bovensiepen
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany
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2
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Shibuta M, Nakajima A. Spectroscopic imaging of photoexcited states at a polycrystalline copper metal surface via two-photon photoelectron emission microscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Da Browski M, Dai Y, Petek H. Ultrafast Photoemission Electron Microscopy: Imaging Plasmons in Space and Time. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6247-6287. [PMID: 32530607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonics is a rapidly growing field spanning research and applications across chemistry, physics, optics, energy harvesting, and medicine. Ultrafast photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) has demonstrated unprecedented power in the characterization of surface plasmons and other electronic excitations, as it uniquely combines the requisite spatial and temporal resolution, making it ideally suited for 3D space and time coherent imaging of the dynamical plasmonic phenomena on the nanofemto scale. The ability to visualize plasmonic fields evolving at the local speed of light on subwavelength scale with optical phase resolution illuminates old phenomena and opens new directions for growth of plasmonics research. In this review, we guide the reader thorough experimental description of PEEM as a characterization tool for both surface plasmon polaritons and localized plasmons and summarize the exciting progress it has opened by the ultrafast imaging of plasmonic phenomena on the nanofemto scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Da Browski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QL, U.K
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Hrvoje Petek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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4
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Muraca D, Scaffardi LB, Santillán JMJ, Muñetón Arboleda D, Schinca DC, Bettini J. In situ electron microscopy observation of the redox process in plasmonic heterogeneous-photo-sensitive nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:3909-3917. [PMID: 36132095 PMCID: PMC9419802 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00469f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Observation of relevant phenomena related with dynamical redox process in a plasmonic heterogeneous-photocatalyst system composed by silver nanoparticles (NPs) around and in contact with amorphous silver chloride NPs are reported by in situ transmission electron microscopy. During this process, nanobubbles are initially produced inside the silver chloride NPs, which immediately begin to move within the amorphous phase. Besides, silver atoms inside the silver chloride NPs start to migrate out the occupied volume leaving a space behind, which is filled by crystalline regions of silver chloride located between the pre-existing silver NPs. During the observation time, fast-nucleation, movement, growth, and fast-dissolution of silver NPs take place. Specific space correlation with silver mass loss (or gain) when a new NP is formed (or dissolved), was detected in different regions during the reaction. This mass loss (or gain) takes place on certain places of pre-existing silver NPs. All these phenomena were observed for a configuration comprising at least two silver NPs separated few nanometers apart by a silver chloride NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Muraca
- Instituto de Física 'Gleb Wataghin', Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil
| | - Lucia B Scaffardi
- Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas (CIOp) (CONICET La Plata-CIC-UNLP) Gonnet, La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, UNLP La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Jesica M J Santillán
- Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas (CIOp) (CONICET La Plata-CIC-UNLP) Gonnet, La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - David Muñetón Arboleda
- Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas (CIOp) (CONICET La Plata-CIC-UNLP) Gonnet, La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Daniel C Schinca
- Centro de Investigaciones Ópticas (CIOp) (CONICET La Plata-CIC-UNLP) Gonnet, La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, UNLP La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Jefferson Bettini
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Brazilian National Nanotechnology Laboratory/CNPEM Brazil
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5
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Schreck S, Diesen E, LaRue J, Ogasawara H, Marks K, Nordlund D, Weston M, Beye M, Cavalca F, Perakis F, Sellberg J, Eilert A, Kim KH, Coslovich G, Coffee R, Krzywinski J, Reid A, Moeller S, Lutman A, Öström H, Pettersson LGM, Nilsson A. Atom-specific activation in CO oxidation. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:234707. [PMID: 30579301 DOI: 10.1063/1.5044579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on atom-specific activation of CO oxidation on Ru(0001) via resonant X-ray excitation. We show that resonant 1s core-level excitation of atomically adsorbed oxygen in the co-adsorbed phase of CO and oxygen directly drives CO oxidation. We separate this direct resonant channel from indirectly driven oxidation via X-ray induced substrate heating. Based on density functional theory calculations, we identify the valence-excited state created by the Auger decay as the driving electronic state for direct CO oxidation. We utilized the fresh-slice multi-pulse mode at the Linac Coherent Light Source that provided time-overlapped and 30 fs delayed pairs of soft X-ray pulses and discuss the prospects of femtosecond X-ray pump X-ray spectroscopy probe, as well as X-ray two-pulse correlation measurements for fundamental investigations of chemical reactions via selective X-ray excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schreck
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Elias Diesen
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Jerry LaRue
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
| | - Hirohito Ogasawara
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Kess Marks
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Matthew Weston
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Martin Beye
- DESY Photon Science, Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Filippo Cavalca
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sellberg
- Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Department of Applied Physics, AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - André Eilert
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Giacomo Coslovich
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ryan Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jacek Krzywinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alex Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Stefan Moeller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alberto Lutman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Henrik Öström
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Lars G M Pettersson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
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Nilsson A, LaRue J, Öberg H, Ogasawara H, Dell'Angela M, Beye M, Öström H, Gladh J, Nørskov J, Wurth W, Abild-Pedersen F, Pettersson L. Catalysis in real time using X-ray lasers. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Peiris S, McMurtrie J, Zhu HY. Metal nanoparticle photocatalysts: emerging processes for green organic synthesis. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy02048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles (Au, Ag, Cu, Pd, Pt, Ir, Rh, Au–Pd alloyetc.) supported on inert support (ZrO2, zeolite) can be direct photocatalysts to series of organic synthesis with visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunari Peiris
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Science and Engineering Faculty
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
| | - John McMurtrie
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Science and Engineering Faculty
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
| | - Huai-Yong Zhu
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Science and Engineering Faculty
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
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8
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Linic S, Aslam U, Boerigter C, Morabito M. Photochemical transformations on plasmonic metal nanoparticles. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:567-76. [PMID: 25990912 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 738] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The strong interaction of electromagnetic fields with plasmonic nanomaterials offers opportunities in various technologies that take advantage of photophysical processes amplified by this light-matter interaction. Recently, it has been shown that in addition to photophysical processes, optically excited plasmonic nanoparticles can also activate chemical transformations directly on their surfaces. This potentially offers a number of opportunities in the field of selective chemical synthesis. In this Review we summarize recent progress in the field of photochemical catalysis on plasmonic metallic nanostructures. We discuss the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for the observed chemical activity, and the issues that must be better understood to see progress in the field of plasmon-mediated photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suljo Linic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Umar Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Calvin Boerigter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Matthew Morabito
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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9
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Greif M, Nagy T, Soloviov M, Castiglioni L, Hengsberger M, Meuwly M, Osterwalder J. Following the molecular motion of near-resonant excited CO on Pt(111): A simulated x-ray photoelectron diffraction study based on molecular dynamics calculations. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2015; 2:035102. [PMID: 26798798 PMCID: PMC4711632 DOI: 10.1063/1.4922611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A THz-pump and x-ray-probe experiment is simulated where x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) patterns record the coherent vibrational motion of carbon monoxide molecules adsorbed on a Pt(111) surface. Using molecular dynamics simulations, the excitation of frustrated wagging-type motion of the CO molecules by a few-cycle pulse of 2 THz radiation is calculated. From the atomic coordinates, the time-resolved XPD patterns of the C 1s core level photoelectrons are generated. Due to the direct structural information in these data provided by the forward scattering maximum along the carbon-oxygen direction, the sequence of these patterns represents the equivalent of a molecular movie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Greif
- Departement of Physics, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Maksym Soloviov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Castiglioni
- Departement of Physics, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hengsberger
- Departement of Physics, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Osterwalder
- Departement of Physics, University of Zürich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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10
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Kale MJ, Avanesian T, Xin H, Yan J, Christopher P. Controlling catalytic selectivity on metal nanoparticles by direct photoexcitation of adsorbate-metal bonds. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:5405-12. [PMID: 25111312 DOI: 10.1021/nl502571b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Engineering heterogeneous metal catalysts for high selectivity in thermal driven reactions typically involves the synthesis of nanostructures with well-controlled geometries and compositions. However, inherent relationships between the energetics of elementary steps limit the control of catalytic selectivity through these approaches. Photon excitation of metal catalysts can induce chemical reactivity channels that cannot be accessed using thermal energy, although the potential for targeted activation of adsorbate-metal bonds is limited because the processes of photon absorption and adsorbate-metal bond photoexcitation are typically separated spatially. Here, we show that the use of sub-5-nanometer metal particles as photocatalysts enables direct photoexcitation of hybridized adsorbate-metal states as the dominant mechanism driving photochemistry. Activation of targeted adsorbate-metal bonds through direct photoexcitation of hybridized electronic states enabled selectivity control in preferential CO oxidation in H2 rich streams. This mechanism opens new avenues to drive selective catalytic reactions that cannot be achieved using thermal energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Kale
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
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11
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Vaida ME, Bernhardt TM. Surface-Aligned Femtochemistry: Molecular Reaction Dynamics on Oxide Surfaces. SPRINGER SERIES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-02051-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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12
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Schüler M, Pavlyukh Y, Berakdar J. Local Ionization Dynamics Traced by Photoassisted Scanning Tunneling Microscopy: A Theoretical Approach. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1131-1135. [PMID: 26282032 DOI: 10.1021/jz400239k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For tracing the spatiotemporal evolution of electronic systems, we suggest and analyze theoretically a setup that exploits the excellent spatial resolution based on scanning tunneling microscopy techniques combined with the temporal resolution of femtosecond pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy. As an example, we consider the laser-induced, local vibrational dynamics of a surface-adsorbed molecule. The photoelectrons released by a laser pulse can be collected by the scanning tip and utilized to access the spatiotemporal dynamics. Our proof-of-principle calculations are based on the solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation supported by the ab initio computation of the matrix elements determining the dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schüler
- Institute for Physics, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 4, 06120 Halle
| | - Yaroslav Pavlyukh
- Institute for Physics, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 4, 06120 Halle
| | - Jamal Berakdar
- Institute for Physics, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich-Damerow-Straße 4, 06120 Halle
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13
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Petek H. Photoexcitation of adsorbates on metal surfaces: one-step or three-step. J Chem Phys 2013; 137:091704. [PMID: 22957546 DOI: 10.1063/1.4746801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this essay we discuss the light-matter interactions at molecule-covered metal surfaces that initiate surface photochemistry. The hot-electron mechanism for surface photochemistry, whereby the absorption of light by a metal surface creates an electron-hole pair, and the hot electron scatters through an unoccupied resonance of adsorbate to initiate nuclear dynamics leading to photochemistry, has become widely accepted. Yet, ultrafast spectroscopic measurements of molecule-surface electronic structure and photoexcitation dynamics provide scant support for the hot electron mechanism. Instead, in most cases the adsorbate resonances are excited through photoinduced substrate-to-adsorbate charge transfer. Based on recent studies of the role of coherence in adsorbate photoexcitation, as measured by the optical phase and momentum resolved two-photon photoemission measurements, we examine critically the hot electron mechanism, and propose an alternative description based on direct charge transfer of electrons from the substrate to adsorbate. The advantage of this more quantum mechanically rigorous description is that it informs how material properties of the substrate and adsorbate, as well as their interaction, influence the frequency dependent probability of photoexcitation and ultimately how light can be used to probe and control surface femtochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Petek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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14
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Vibrational Energy Transfer at Surfaces: The Importance of Non-Adiabatic Electronic Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-32955-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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15
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Suzuki YI, Suzuki T. Effect of electron correlation and shape resonance on photoionization from the S1 and S2 states of pyrazine. J Chem Phys 2012. [PMID: 23181313 DOI: 10.1063/1.4765374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshi-Ichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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16
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Gadzuk JW. The road to hot electron photochemistry at surfaces: A personal recollection. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:091703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4746800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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17
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Menzel D. Electronically induced surface reactions: Evolution, concepts, and perspectives. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:091702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4746799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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18
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Vaida ME, Bernhardt TM. Surface-aligned femtochemistry: Photoinduced reaction dynamics of CH3I and CH3Br on MgO(100). Faraday Discuss 2012; 157:437-49; discussion 475-500. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20104f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Nuernberger P, Wolpert D, Weiss H, Gerber G. Initiation and control of catalytic surface reactions with shaped femtosecond laser pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:1185-99. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21827a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Wang LM, Sametoglu V, Winkelmann A, Zhao J, Petek H. Two-Photon Photoemission Study of the Coverage-Dependent Electronic Structure of Chemisorbed Alkali Atoms on a Ag(111) Surface. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:9479-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp111932r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Ming Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Vahit Sametoglu
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Aimo Winkelmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hrvoje Petek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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21
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Chis V, Benedek G. Phonon-Induced Surface Charge Density Oscillations in Quantum Wells: A First-Principles Study of the (2 × 2)-K Overlayer on Be(0001). J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7242-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200373h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Chis
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia - San Sebastiàn, Spain
| | - G. Benedek
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milano, Italy
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia - San Sebastiàn, Spain
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22
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23
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Wernet P. Electronic structure in real time: mapping valence electron rearrangements during chemical reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:16941-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02934c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Vaida ME, Bernhardt TM. Surface pump-probe femtosecond-laser mass spectrometry: time-, mass-, and velocity-resolved detection of surface reaction dynamics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:104103. [PMID: 21034102 DOI: 10.1063/1.3488098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A detailed account of the experimental methodology of surface pump-probe femtosecond-laser mass spectrometry is presented. This recently introduced technique enables the direct time-resolved investigation of surface reaction dynamics by monitoring the mass and the relative velocity of intermediates and products of a photoinduced surface reaction via multiphoton ionization. As a model system, the photodissociation dynamics of methyl iodide adsorbed at submonolayer coverage on magnesia ultrathin films is investigated. The magnesia surface preparation and characterization as well as the pulsed deposition of methyl iodide are described. The femtosecond-laser excitation (pump) and, in particular, the resonant multiphoton ionization surface detection (probe) schemas are discussed in detail. Results of pump-probe time-resolved methyl and iodine atom detection experiments are presented and the potential of this method for velocity-resolved photofragment analysis is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai E Vaida
- Institute of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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25
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Abstract
Ultrafast lasers are versatile tools used in many scientific areas, from welding to eye surgery. They are also used to coherently manipulate light-matter interactions such as chemical reactions, but so far control experiments have concentrated on cleavage or rearrangement of existing molecular bonds. Here we demonstrate the synthesis of several molecular species starting from small reactant molecules in laser-induced catalytic surface reactions, and even the increase of the relative reaction efficiency by feedback-optimized laser pulses. We show that the control mechanism is nontrivial and sensitive to the relative proportion of the reactants. The control experiments open up a pathway towards photocatalysis and are relevant for research in physics, chemistry, and biology where light-induced bond formation is important.
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26
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Yamamoto S, Ghosh A, Nienhuys HK, Bonn M. Ultrafast inter- and intramolecular vibrational energy transfer between molecules at interfaces studied by time- and polarization-resolved SFG spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:12909-18. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00538j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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27
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Zhao J, Feng M, Yang J, Petek H. The superatom states of fullerenes and their hybridization into the nearly free electron bands of fullerites. ACS NANO 2009; 3:853-864. [PMID: 19351148 DOI: 10.1021/nn800834k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the discovery of the superatom states of C60 molecules, we investigate the factors that influence their energy and wave function hybridization into nearly free electron bands in molecular solids. As the n = 3 solutions of the radial Schrodinger equation of the central attractive potential consisting of the short-range C atom core and the long-range collective screening potentials, respectively, located on the icosahedral C60 molecule shell and within its hollow core, superatom states are distinguished by their atom-like orbitals corresponding to different orbital angular momentum states (l = 0, 1, 2,...). Because they are less tightly bound than the pi orbitals, that is, the n = 2 states, which are often exploited in the intermolecular electron transport in aromatic organic molecule semiconductors, superatom orbitals hybridize more extensively among aggregated molecules to form bands with nearly free electron dispersion. The prospect of exploiting the strong intermolecular coupling to achieve metal-like conduction in applications such as molecular electronics may be attained by lowering the energy of superatom states from 3.5 eV for single chemisorbed C60 molecules to below the Fermi level; therefore, we study how the superatom state energies depend on factors such as their aggregation into 1D-3D solids, cage size, and exo- and endohedral doping by metal atoms. We find, indeed, that if the ionization potential of endohedral atom, such as copper, is sufficiently large, superatom states can form the conduction band in the middle of the gap between the HOMO and LUMO of the parent C60 molecule. Through a plane-wave density functional theory study, we provide insights for a new paradigm for intermolecular electronic interaction beyond the conventional one among the sp(n) hybridized orbitals of the organic molecular solids that could lead to design of novel molecular materials and quantum structures with extraordinary optical and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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28
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Golan B, Fradkin Z, Kopnov G, Oron D, Naaman R. Controlling two-photon photoemission using polarization pulse shaping. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:064705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3077123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Watanabe
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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30
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Frischkorn C, Wolf M. Femtochemistry at metal surfaces: nonadiabatic reaction dynamics. Chem Rev 2007; 106:4207-33. [PMID: 17031984 DOI: 10.1021/cr050161r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Frischkorn
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Physik, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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31
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Matsumoto Y. Photochemistry and Photo-Induced Ultrafast Dynamics at Metal Surfaces. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2007. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.80.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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32
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Lindstrom CD, Zhu XY. Photoinduced Electron Transfer at Molecule−Metal Interfaces. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4281-300. [PMID: 17031987 DOI: 10.1021/cr0501689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C D Lindstrom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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33
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Chulkov EV, Borisov AG, Gauyacq JP, Sanchez-Portal D, Silkin VM, Zhukov VP, Echenique PM. Electronic Excitations in Metals and at Metal Surfaces. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4160-206. [PMID: 17031983 DOI: 10.1021/cr050166o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E V Chulkov
- Departamento de Física de Materiales and Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apdo. 1072, 20080 San Sebastian/Donostia, Basque Country, Spain.
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34
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Güdde J, Berthold W, Höfer U. Dynamics of Electronic Transfer Processes at Metal/Insulator Interfaces. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4261-80. [PMID: 17031986 DOI: 10.1021/cr050171s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Güdde
- Fachbereich Physik und Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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35
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Matsumoto Y, Watanabe K. Coherent Vibrations of Adsorbates Induced by Femtosecond Laser Excitation. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4234-60. [PMID: 17031985 DOI: 10.1021/cr050165w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Matsumoto
- National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
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36
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Zhao J, Li B, Onda K, Feng M, Petek H. Solvated Electrons on Metal Oxide Surfaces. Chem Rev 2006; 106:4402-27. [PMID: 17031992 DOI: 10.1021/cr050173c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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37
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Nakamura H, Yamashita K. Theoretical study of the photodesorption mechanism of nitric oxide on a Ag(111) surface: A nonequilibrium Green’s function approach to hot-electron tunneling. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:084708. [PMID: 16965040 DOI: 10.1063/1.2338027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoinduced desorption of NO molecules on a Ag surface was studied theoretically using a recently developed method based on the nonequilibrium Green's function approach combined with the density functional theory. Geometry optimizations for the stable NO dimer phase were carried out, and two structures of adsorbed dimers were identified. We calculated the reaction probabilities as a function of incident photon energy for each of the dimers and compared them with experimental action spectra. The two main features of the action spectra, (i) a long tail to the long wavelength (approximately 600 nm) and (ii) a rapid increase at approximately 350 nm, were well reproduced. By theoretical analysis, we found the importance of quantum interference for the interfacial charge transfer between the metal substrate and the adsorbate, as well as the contribution of secondary electrons. Our calculations suggest that the photoactive species is dimeric and that the resonant level is single for the photodesorption of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisao Nakamura
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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38
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Wei W, Zhao W, White JM. Directly Probing the Hybrid Bonding of Styrene on Cu(111). J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:16340-1. [PMID: 15600333 DOI: 10.1021/ja044381i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interfacial electronic structure of chemisorbed styrene on Cu(111) was successfully investigated with two-photon photoemission spectroscopy. We observed unoccupied states 3.5 eV above the Fermi level and occupied states 2.0 eV below the Fermi level. Polarization results reveal that the occupied and unoccupied states arise from bonding and antibonding orbitals formed by hybridization of copper (surface state and d-band orbitals) and styrene (pi1* and pi2* orbitals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Center for Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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39
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Dutton G, Zhu XY. Distance-Dependent Electronic Coupling at Molecule−Metal Interfaces: C60/Cu(111). J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036996s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Dutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - X.-Y. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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40
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Jørgensen S, Kosloff R. Two-pulse atomic coherent control spectroscopy of Eley–Rideal reactions: An application of an atom laser. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1576383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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41
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Abstract
Electron transfer between a molecular resonance and a metal surface is a ubiquitous process in many chemical disciplines, ranging from molecular electronics to surface photochemistry. This problem has been probed recently by two-photon photoemission spectroscopy. The first photon excites an electron from an occupied metal state to an unoccupied molecular resonance. Subsequent evolution of the excited electronic wavefunction is probed in energy, momentum, and time domains by the absorption of a second photon, which ionizes the electron for detection. These experiments reveal the important roles of molecule-metal wavefunction mixing, intermolecular band formation, polarization, and localization in interfacial electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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