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Dumschott K, Richter A, Loescher W, Merchant A. Post photosynthetic carbon partitioning to sugar alcohols and consequences for plant growth. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 144:243-252. [PMID: 28985572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of sugar alcohols is ubiquitous among plants. Physiochemical properties of sugar alcohols suggest numerous primary and secondary functions in plant tissues and are often well documented. In addition to functions arising from physiochemical properties, the synthesis of sugar alcohols may have significant influence over photosynthetic, respiratory, and developmental processes owing to their function as a large sink for photosynthates. Sink strength is demonstrated by the high concentrations of sugar alcohols found in plant tissues and their ability to be readily transported. The plant scale distribution and physiochemical function of these compounds renders them strong candidates for functioning as stress metabolites. Despite this, several aspects of sugar alcohol biosynthesis and function are poorly characterised namely: 1) the quantitative characterisation of carbon flux into the sugar alcohol pool; 2) the molecular control governing sugar alcohol biosynthesis on a quantitative basis; 3) the role of sugar alcohols in plant growth and ecology; and 4) consequences of sugar alcohol synthesis for yield production and yield quality. We highlight the need to adopt new approaches to investigating sugar alcohol biosynthesis using modern technologies in gene expression, metabolic flux analysis and agronomy. Combined, these approaches will elucidate the impact of sugar alcohol biosynthesis on growth, stress tolerance, yield and yield quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Dumschott
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wayne Loescher
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Merchant
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Cheng C, Xu L, Xu D, Lou Q, Lu M, Sun J. Does cryptic microbiota mitigate pine resistance to an invasive beetle-fungus complex? Implications for invasion potential. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33110. [PMID: 27621032 PMCID: PMC5020614 DOI: 10.1038/srep33110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial symbionts are known to assist exotic pests in their colonization of new host plants. However, there has been little evidence linking symbiotic invasion success to mechanisms for mitigation of native plant resistance. The red turpentine beetle (RTB) was introduced with a fungus, Leptographium procerum, to China from the United States and became a destructively invasive symbiotic complex in natural Pinus tabuliformis forests. Here, we report that three Chinese-resident fungi, newly acquired by RTB in China, induce high levels of a phenolic defensive chemical, naringenin, in pines. This invasive beetle-fungus complex is suppressed by elevated levels of naringenin. However, cryptic microbiotas in RTB galleries strongly degrade naringenin, and pinitol, the main soluble carbohydrate of P. tabuliformis, is retained in L. procerum-infected phloem and facilitate naringenin biodegradation by the microbiotas. These results demonstrate that cryptic microbiota mitigates native host plant phenolic resistance to an invasive symbiotic complex, suggesting a putative mechanism for reduced biotic resistance to symbiotic invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Letian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Dandan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiaozhe Lou
- Technical Center, Hebei Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Brundige DR, Maga EA, Klasing KC, Murray JD. Consumption of pasteurized human lysozyme transgenic goats' milk alters serum metabolite profile in young pigs. Transgenic Res 2010; 19:563-74. [PMID: 19847666 PMCID: PMC2902735 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-009-9334-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition, bacterial composition of the gastrointestinal tract, and general health status can all influence the metabolic profile of an organism. We previously demonstrated that feeding pasteurized transgenic goats' milk expressing human lysozyme (hLZ) can positively impact intestinal morphology and modulate intestinal microbiota composition in young pigs. The objective of this study was to further examine the effect of consuming hLZ-containing milk on young pigs by profiling serum metabolites. Pigs were placed into two groups and fed a diet of solid food and either control (non-transgenic) goats' milk or milk from hLZ-transgenic goats for 6 weeks. Serum samples were collected at the end of the feeding period and global metabolite profiling was performed. For a total of 225 metabolites (160 known, 65 unknown) semi-quantitative data was obtained. Levels of 18 known and 4 unknown metabolites differed significantly between the two groups with the direction of change in 13 of the 18 known metabolites being almost entirely congruent with improved health status, particularly in terms of the gastrointestinal tract health and immune response, with the effects of the other five being neutral or unknown. These results further support our hypothesis that consumption of hLZ-containing milk is beneficial to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dottie R. Brundige
- Department of Animal Science, Meyer Hall, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Maga
- Department of Animal Science, Meyer Hall, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Kirk C. Klasing
- Department of Animal Science, Meyer Hall, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - James D. Murray
- Department of Animal Science, Meyer Hall, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Merchant A, Richter A, Popp M, Adams M. Targeted metabolite profiling provides a functional link among eucalypt taxonomy, physiology and evolution. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2006; 67:402-8. [PMID: 16426650 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2005] [Revised: 11/26/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to aridity is considered a major factor in the evolution of the genus Eucalyptus. For the first time, targeted metabolite profiling has uncovered a quantitative yet discrete phytochemical link with eucalypt taxonomy. The distribution of cyclitols among Eucalyptus species, and a range of other Australian tree genera, support their proposed functions in plant tissues and provide putative links with the acclimation of trees to arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Merchant
- Institute of Land and Food Resource, School of Forest Ecosystem Science, The University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, Vic. 3363, Australia.
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Merchant A, Adams M. Stable osmotica in Eucalyptus spathulata - responses to salt and water deficit stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2005; 32:797-805. [PMID: 32689177 DOI: 10.1071/fp05027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/26/2005] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salt and water deficit stress elicited contrasting responses in seedlings of Eucalyptus spathulata (Hook.). Under salt stress, seedlings reduced osmotic potential by accumulating large quantities of inorganic ions in leaf tissues. Sodium concentrations reached 350 mm on a leaf water basis and total cellular osmolality reached ∼2000 mm. Under water deficit stress, maximum sodium concentrations were around 50 mm in leaf water and seedlings reduced osmotic potential through increasing concentrations of a range of constitutive solutes up to a total cellular osmolality of ∼1200 mm. We postulate that measured concentrations of the cyclic polyol, quercitol, of up to 200 mm leaf water, are the likely means of balancing accumulation of inorganic ions. Under the common assumption of localisation of inorganic ions to the vacuole and organic balancing solutes to the cytoplasm, the concentrations of cyclitol, and other carbohydrates were more than sufficient to balance osmotic potential across the tonoplast membrane. Results confirm other recent studies that suggest a range of putative roles for cyclitols in tissues and these are discussed in the larger context of plant responses to salt and water deficit stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Merchant
- School of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Water St, Creswick, Vic. 3363, Australia
| | - Mark Adams
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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Popp M. Chemical Composition of Australian Mangroves II. Low Molecular Weight Carbohydrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0044-328x(84)80097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Skøt L, Egsgaard H. Identification of ononitol and O-methyl-scyllo-inositol in pea root nodules. PLANTA 1984; 161:32-36. [PMID: 24253552 DOI: 10.1007/bf00951457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/1983] [Accepted: 10/18/1983] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ononitol (4-O-methyl-myo-inositol) and O-methyl-scyllo-inositol were identified in pea (Pisum sativum L.) root nodules formed by twoRhizobium leguminosarum strains. Ononitol was the major soluble carbohydrate in nodules formed by strain 1045 while O-methyl-scyllo-inositol and two unidentified components were dominant in the carbohydrate pattern of the nodules formed by strain 1 a. The cyclitols were also present in the denodulated roots, but to a much smaller extent; in the above-ground plant parts only traces were found. The identification of ononitol and O-methyl-scyllo-inositol was established by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry utilizing trimethylsilyl- and acetyl-derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Skøt
- Agricultural Research Department, Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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Carbohydrates in soybean nodules: Identification of compounds and possible relationships to nitrogen fixation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4211(76)90088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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The Biochemistry of myo–Inositol in Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-612408-8.50014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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