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Moroney J, Trivella J, George B, White SB. A Paradigm Shift in Primary Liver Cancer Therapy Utilizing Genomics, Molecular Biomarkers, and Artificial Intelligence. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2791. [PMID: 37345129 PMCID: PMC10216313 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Conventional therapies offer limited survival benefit despite improvements in locoregional liver-directed therapies, which highlights the underlying complexity of liver cancers. This review explores the latest research in primary liver cancer therapies, focusing on developments in genomics, molecular biomarkers, and artificial intelligence. Attention is also given to ongoing research and future directions of immunotherapy and locoregional therapies of primary liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Moroney
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Juan Trivella
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ben George
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sarah B. White
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Didamoony MA, Atwa AM, Ahmed LA. Modulatory effect of rupatadine on mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in hepatic fibrosis in rats: A potential role for miR-200a. Life Sci 2023; 324:121710. [PMID: 37084952 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXOs) have emerged as a promising approach in regenerative medicine for management of different diseases. However, the maintenance of their efficacy after in vivo transplantation is still a major concern. The present investigation aimed to assess the modulatory effect of rupatadine (RUP) on MSC-EXOs in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver fibrosis (LF), and to explore the possible underlying mechanism. MAIN METHODS LF was induced in rats by i.p. injection of DEN (100 mg/kg) once per week for 6 successive weeks. Rats were then treated with RUP (4 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 4 weeks with or without a single i.v. administration of MSC-EXOs. At the end of the experiment, animals were euthanized and serum and liver were separated for biochemical, and histological measurements. KEY FINDINGS The combined MSC-EXOs/RUP therapy provided an additional improvement towards inhibition of DEN-induced LF compared to MSC-EXOs group alone. These outcomes could be mediated through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects of RUP which created a more favorable environment for MSC-EXOs homing, and action. This in turn would enhance more effectively miR-200a expression which reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, necroptosis pathway, and subsequently fibrosis as revealed by turning off TGF-β1/α-SMA expression, and hedgehog axis. SIGNIFICANCE The present findings reveal that RUP enhanced the anti-fibrotic efficacy of MSC-EXOs when used as a combined therapy. This was revealed through attenuation of PAF/RIPK3/MLKL/HMGB1, and TGF-β1/hedgehog signaling pathways with a significant role for miR-200a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar A Didamoony
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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A novel mechanistic approach for the anti-fibrotic potential of rupatadine in rat liver via amendment of PAF/NF-ĸB p65/TGF-β1 and hedgehog/HIF-1α/VEGF trajectories. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:845-858. [PMID: 36811777 PMCID: PMC10140091 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is one of the major worldwide health concerns which requires tremendous research due to the limited outcomes of the current therapies. The present study was designed to assess, for the first time, the potential therapeutic effect of rupatadine (RUP) in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver fibrosis and to explore its possible mechanistic actions. For the induction of hepatic fibrosis, rats were treated with DEN (100 mg/kg, i.p.) once weekly for 6 consecutive weeks, and on the 6th week, RUP (4 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was administered for 4 weeks. Treatment with RUP ameliorated changes in body weights, liver indices, liver function enzymes, and histopathological alterations induced by DEN. Besides, RUP amended oxidative stress, which led to the inhibition of PAF/NF-κB p65-induced inflammation, and, subsequently, prevention of TGF-β1 elevation and HSCs activation as indicated by reduced α-SMA expression and collagen deposition. Moreover, RUP exerted significant anti-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic effects by suppressing Hh and HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathways. Our results highlight, for the first time, a promising anti-fibrotic potential of RUP in rat liver. The molecular mechanisms underlying this effect involve the attenuation of PAF/NF-κB p65/TGF-β1 and Hh pathways and, subsequently, the pathological angiogenesis (HIF-1α/VEGF).
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Zou LQ, Liu HF, Du YN, Xing W. Effect of Iron Deposition on Native T1 Mapping and Blood Oxygen Level Dependent for the Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in Rabbits With Carbon Tetrachloride Intoxication. Acad Radiol 2022; 30:873-880. [PMID: 35811218 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the effect of iron deposition on native T1 mapping and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging in detecting liver fibrosis (LF) in a rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS An LF group (n = 100) was established by subcutaneously injecting 50% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) oil solution, and 20 normal rabbits composed a control group. Native T1 mapping and BOLD were performed, and the T1native and R2* quantitative parameters were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and multiple logistic regression analyses, with histopathological results and liver iron content (LIC) serving as reference standards. RESULTS In total, 18, 17, 16, 18, and 15 rabbits were histopathologically diagnosed with LF stages F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively. T1native (r = 0.47), R2* (r = 0.75) and LIC (r = 0.61) increased with LF stage progression (p < 0.001). Compared to T1native values, R2* performed better in diagnosing the LF stage, especially for distinguishing F1-F2 from F3-F4 (AUC = 0.66 vs. 0.91, p = 0.01). Combined with the LIC, both T1native and R2* showed improved diagnostic value in comparison to the individual imaging techniques, particularly for diagnosing F0 vs. F1-F2 and F0 vs. F1-F4, with AUC values of 0.90 vs. 0.70 (p = 0.01) and 0.93 vs. 0.77 (p = 0.01) for T1native + LIC vs. LIC, respectively. CONCLUSION BOLD imaging performed better than native T1 mapping in predicting and diagnosing LF stage progression. The decrease in diagnostic accuracy caused by the deposition of liver iron is a potential pitfall in the assessment of LF with BOLD imaging and native T1 mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qiu Zou
- Department of Radiology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hai-Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Nan Du
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Oxygen-Challenge Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluation of Early Change of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Chemoembolization: A Feasibility Study. Acad Radiol 2021; 28 Suppl 1:S13-S19. [PMID: 32747180 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the feasibility of oxygen-challenge blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3T for evaluating the early change of blood oxygenation before and after transcatheter arterial embolization (TACE) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty HCC patients with cirrhosis (HCC group, n = 30) and 30 healthy volunteers (control group, n = 30) were included in this study. Patients in the HCC group underwent BOLD before and 1 month after TACE. Oxygen was administered via a mask. Differences between pre- and post-O2 T2* values were evaluated using a pairwise t-test. Analysis of variance was performed to assess the statistical differences in the T2* values measured in HCC group pre-TACE and post-TACE and in healthy volunteers. RESULTS In the HCC group, the pre- and post-O2 T2* values of the cancerous area before TACE were 26.03 ± 3.30 and 26.84 ± 3.42 msec, respectively, and both decreased significantly to 8.67 ± 1.76 and 8.82 ± 1.80 msec, respectively, at 1 month after TACE (p < 0.001). The respective pre- and post-O2 T2* values of the noncancerous area increased significantly from 14.96 ± 2.32 and 15.33 ± 2.28 msec at baseline to 16.38 ± 2.22 and 16.89 ± 2.24 msec at 1 month after TACE (p < 0.001). No significant response to BOLD was observed in the control group (p = 0.059). CONCLUSION Oxygen-challenge BOLD MRI is feasible to assess post-TACE changes in HCC patients.
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Gordon AC, White SB, Gates VL, Procissi D, Harris KR, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Li W, Lyu T, Huang X, Omary RA, Salem R, Lewandowski RJ, Larson AC. Yttrium-90 Radioembolization and Tumor Hypoxia: Gas-challenge BOLD Imaging in the VX2 Rabbit Model of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Acad Radiol 2021; 28:849-858. [PMID: 32522403 PMCID: PMC7719607 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To use a rapid gas-challenge blood oxygen-level dependent magnetic resonance imaging exam to evaluate changes in tumor hypoxia after 90Y radioembolization (Y90) in the VX2 rabbit model. MATERIALS AND METHODS White New Zealand rabbits (n = 11) provided a Y90 group (n = 6 rabbits) and untreated control group (n = 5 rabbits). R2* maps were generated with gas-challenges (O2/room air) at baseline, 1 week, and 2 weeks post-Y90. Laboratory toxicity was evaluated at baseline, 24 hours, 72 hours, 1 hours, and 2 weeks. Histology was used to evaluate tumor necrosis on hematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence imaging was used to assess microvessel density (CD31) and proliferative index (Ki67). RESULTS At baseline, median tumor volumes and time to imaging were similar between groups (p = 1.000 and p = 0.4512, respectively). The median administered dose was 50.4 Gy (95% confidence interval:44.8-55.9). At week 2, mean tumor volumes were 5769.8 versus 643.7 mm3 for control versus Y90 rabbits, respectively (p = 0.0246). At two weeks, ΔR2* increased for control tumors to 12.37 ± 12.36sec-1 and decreased to 4.48 ± 9.00sec-1 after Y90. The Pearson correlation coefficient for ΔR2* at baseline and percent increase in tumor size by two weeks was 0.798 for the Y90 group (p = 0.002). There was no difference in mean microvessel density for control versus Y90 treated tumors (p = 0.6682). The mean proliferative index was reduced in Y90 treated tumors at 30.5% versus 47.5% for controls (p = 0.0071). CONCLUSION The baseline ΔR2* of tumors prior to Y90 may be a predictive imaging biomarker of tumor response and treatment of these tumors with Y90 may influence tumor oxygenation over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
| | - Sarah B White
- Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular & Interventional Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Vanessa L Gates
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel Procissi
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen R Harris
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yihe Yang
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Weiguo Li
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tianchu Lyu
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaoke Huang
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Reed A Omary
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Riad Salem
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Surgery-Organ Transplantation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert J Lewandowski
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrew C Larson
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
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Subsequent Ultrasound Vascular Targeting Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Improves the Treatment Efficacy. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020079. [PMID: 33499069 PMCID: PMC7911459 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to anti-vascular ultrasound therapy (AVUS) can be affected by the inherent differences in tumor vascular structure, and the functionality of tumor vessels at the time of treatment. In this study, we evaluate the hypothesis that repeated subsequent AVUS therapies are a possible approach to overcome these factors and improve the therapeutic efficacy of AVUS. HCC was induced in 30 Wistar rats by oral ingestion of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) for 12 weeks. A total of 24 rats received treatment with low intensity, 2.8 MHz ultrasound with an intravenous injection of microbubbles. Treated rats were divided into three groups: single therapy group (ST), 2-days subsequent therapy group (2DST), and 7-days subsequent therapy group (7DST). A sham control group did not receive ultrasound therapy. Tumor perfusion was measured by quantitative contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) nonlinear and power-Doppler imaging. Tumors were harvested for histologic evaluation of ultrasound-induced vascular changes. ANOVA was used to compare the percent change of perfusion parameters between the four treatment arms. HCC tumors treated with 2DST showed the largest reduction in tumor perfusion, with 75.3% reduction on average for all perfusion parameters. The ST group showed an average decrease in perfusion of 54.3%. The difference between the two groups was significant p < 0.001. The 7DST group showed a reduction in tumor perfusion of 45.3%, which was significant compared to the 2DST group (p < 0.001) but not different from the ST group (p = 0.2). The use of subsequent targeted AVUS therapies applied shortly (two days) after the first treatment enhanced the anti-vascular effect of ultrasound. This gain, however, was lost for a longer interval (1 week) between the therapies, possibly due to tumor necrosis and loss of tumor viability. These findings suggest that complex interplay between neovascularization and tumor viability plays a critical role in treatment and, therefore, must be actively monitored following treatment by CEUS for optimizing sequential treatment.
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Jiang J, Li J, Chu Z, Tao Z, Cai W, Zhu J, Grimm R, Ji Q. In vivo multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging study for differentiating the severity of hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rabbit model. Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 74:105-112. [PMID: 32931888 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging including intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MRI in differentiating the severity of hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury (WIRI) in a rabbit model. METHODS Fifty rabbits were randomly divided into a sham-operation group and four test groups (n = 10 for each group) according to different hepatic warm ischemia times. IVIM, DTI and BOLD MRI were performed on a 3 T MR scanner with 11 b values (0 to 800 s/mm2), 2 b values (0 and 500 s/mm2) on 12 diffusion directions, multiple-echo gradient echo (GRE) sequences (TR/TE, 75/2.57-24.25 ms), respectively. IVIM, DTI and BOLD MRI parameters, hepatic biochemical and histopathological parameters were compared. Pearson and Spearman correlation methods were performed to assess the correlation between these MRI parameters and laboratory parameters. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were compiled to determine diagnostic efficacies. RESULTS True diffusion (Dslow), pseudodiffusion (Dfast), perfusion fraction (PF), mean diffusivity (MD) significantly decreased, while R2* significantly increased with prolonged warm ischemia times, and significant differences were found in all of biochemical and histopathological parameters (all P < 0.05). Dslow, PF, and R2* correlated significantly with all of biochemical and histopathological parameters (all |r| = 0.381-0.746, all P < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of IVIM across hepatic WIRI groups was the largest among IVIM, DTI and BOLD. CONCLUSIONS Multiparametric MRI may be helpful with characterization of early changes and determination of severity of hepatic WIRI in a rabbit model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Jiang
- First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China; Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyao Li
- First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China; Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chu
- Department of Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengzheng Tao
- First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China; Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjuan Cai
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinxia Zhu
- Siemens Healthcare, MR Collaborations PA, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qian Ji
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China.
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Zhan Y, Wu Y, Chen J. Carbogen gas-challenge BOLD fMRI in assessment of liver hypoxia after portal microcapsules implantation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225665. [PMID: 31774857 PMCID: PMC6881018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is one of the key factors affecting the survival of islet cells transplanted via the portal vein. Blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) is the only imaging technique that can detect the level of blood oxygen level in vivo. However, so far no study has indicated that BOLD-fMRI can be applied to monitor the liver oxygen level after islet transplantation. Objective To evaluate the value of Carbogen-challenge BOLD MRI in assessing the level of hypoxia in liver tissue after portal microcapsules implanted. Methods Fifty-one New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three experimental groups (15 in each group) were transplanted microencapsulated 1000 microbeads/kg (PV1 group), 3000 microbeads/kg (PV2 group), 5000 microbeads/kg (PV3 group), and 6 rabbits were injected with the same amount of saline as the control group, BOLD-fMRI was performed following carbogen breathing in each group after transplantation on 1d, 2d, 3d and 7d, T2* weighted image, R2* value and ΔR2* value parameters for the liver tissue. Pathological examinations including liver gross pathology, H&E staining and pimonidazole immunohistochemistry were performed after BOLD-fMRI. The differences of pathological results among each group were compared. The ΔR2* values and transplanted doses were analyzed. Results and conclusions ΔR2* values at the 1-3d and 7d after transplantation were significantly different in each groups (P<0.05). ΔR2* values decreased gradually with the increase of transplanted dose, and was negatively correlated with transplant dose at 3d after transplantation (r = -0.929, P <0.001). Liver histopathological examination showed that the degree of hypoxia of liver tissue increased with the increase of transplanted doses, Carbogen-challenge BOLD-fMRI can assess the degree of liver hypoxia after portal microcapsules implanted, which provided a monitoring method for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefu Zhan
- Department of Radiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yehua Wu
- Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Jianqiang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Central South University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- * E-mail:
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D'Souza JC, Sultan LR, Hunt SJ, Schultz SM, Brice AK, Wood AKW, Sehgal CM. B-mode ultrasound for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis: a quantitative multiparametric analysis for a radiomics approach. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8708. [PMID: 31213661 PMCID: PMC6581954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis are a growing global health problem with increasing mortality rates. Early diagnosis and staging of hepatic fibrosis represent a major challenge. Currently liver biopsy is the gold standard for fibrosis assessment; however, biopsy requires an invasive procedure and is prone to sampling error and reader variability. In the current study we investigate using quantitative analysis of computer-extracted features of B-mode ultrasound as a non-invasive tool to characterize hepatic fibrosis. Twenty-two rats were administered diethylnitrosamine (DEN) orally for 12 weeks to induce hepatic fibrosis. Four control rats did not receive DEN. B-mode ultrasound scans sampling throughout the liver were acquired at baseline, 10, and 13 weeks. Computer extracted quantitative parameters representing brightness (echointensity, hepatorenal index) and variance (heterogeneity, anisotropy) of the liver were studied. DEN rats showed an increase in echointensity from 37.1 ± SD 7.8 to 53.5 ± 5.7 (10 w) to 57.5 ± 6.1 (13 w), while the control group remained unchanged at an average of 34.5 ± 4.5. The three other features studied increased similarly over time in the DEN group. Histologic analysis showed METAVIR fibrosis grades of F2-F4 in DEN rats and F0-F1 in controls. Increasing imaging parameters correlated with increasing METAVIR grades, and anisotropy showed the strongest correlation (ρ = 0.58). Sonographic parameters combined using multiparametric logistic regression were able to differentiate between clinically significant and insignificant fibrosis. Quantitative B-mode ultrasound imaging can be implemented in clinical settings as an accurate non-invasive tool for fibrosis assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C D'Souza
- Ultrasound Research Lab, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Penn Image-Guided Interventions Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laith R Sultan
- Ultrasound Research Lab, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Stephen J Hunt
- Ultrasound Research Lab, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Penn Image-Guided Interventions Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Susan M Schultz
- Ultrasound Research Lab, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angela K Brice
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew K W Wood
- Ultrasound Research Lab, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chandra M Sehgal
- Ultrasound Research Lab, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Li XH, Liang Q, Chen TW, Wang J, Zhang XM. Diagnostic value of imaging examinations in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6:242-248. [PMID: 30211204 PMCID: PMC6134275 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i9.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) includes hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and other pathological types and is characterized by rapid progression. Most of the clinical diagnoses are made at late stage or when distant metastasis occurs, increasing the difficulty of treatment and resulting in a poor prognosis. Therefore, the early diagnosis of PHC plays an important role in timely treatment and the improvement of prognosis. The gold standard for the diagnosis of primary liver cancer is liver biopsy, but it has limitations as an invasive examination. Presently, imaging has become the first choice for the diagnosis of liver cancer. We here summarize the new methods and techniques of imaging in diagnosis and evaluation of primary liver cancer in recent years, including ultrasonography, computed tomography perfusion imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging technology-voxel incoherent motion, diffusion tensor imaging, iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least squares estimation-iron quantification, dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and hepatocyte-specific contrast medium imaging. Imaging diagnosis can not only evaluate the degree of differentiation, blood supply and perfusion, and invasiveness of the lesion, but also predict the prognosis, evaluate liver function, and provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hui Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tian-Wu Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
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Yuan F, Song B, Huang Z, Liu X, Xia C. Oxygen and Glucose as Stimulation Agents for BOLD Functional MR Imaging of Rabbit Liver: A Feasibility Study. Magn Reson Med Sci 2018; 17. [PMID: 28626199 PMCID: PMC5891340 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2016-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of using oxygen and glucose as stimulating agents in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of rabbit liver and analyze the impacts by blood flow. METHODS Pure oxygen inhalation, intravenous injection and oral administration of glucose were given to 11 New Zealand white rabbits to compare the differences of liver T2*, aortic flow (AF), portal vein flow (PVF), aortic area (AA) and portal vein area (PVA) before and at 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min after administrations. AF and PVF were acquired by two dimensional (2D) Phase Contrast MR (2D-PCMR). The impacts of AF and PVF upon BOLD fMRI were analyzed. RESULTS AF and PVF declined at 5 min after oxygen inhalation and were significantly different from baseline, then reverted to baseline. No significant difference was observed in liver T2*, AA and PVA before and after oxygen inhalation. AF, PVF, AA and PVA showed no significant difference before and after glucose intravenous injection, while liver T2* increased gradually with significant difference. AF and liver T2* were significantly different before and after glucose oral administration and increased gradually, AA was significantly different before and after glucose administration at 10 min and 20 min. PVF and PVA started to be different from baseline at 10 min. Greatest variation of T2* (19.6%) was induced by glucose oral administration after 30 min. CONCLUSION Rabbit liver T2* increasing by glucose intravenous injection is possibly associated with glycogen synthesis, provides the possibility to evaluate liver function. Glucose oral administration demonstrated an optimal comparative effect of raising T2*, however, resulted from the superposition of increased glycogen synthesis and blood flow. Inhalation of pure oxygen didn't alter the rabbit liver T2*, which may possibly result from an offset between the increased concentration of oxyhemoglobin and decreased blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Song
- Corresponding author, Phone: +86-13881918066, Fax: +86-21-64085875, E-mail:
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13
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Chandel R, Saxena R, Das A, Kaur J. Association of rno‐miR‐183‐96‐182 cluster with diethyinitrosamine induced liver fibrosis in Wistar rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4072-4084. [PMID: 29236317 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Chandel
- Department of BiochemistryPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| | - Roli Saxena
- Department of BiochemistryPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| | - Ashim Das
- Department of HistopathologyPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
| | - Jyotdeep Kaur
- Department of BiochemistryPostgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia
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Ji Q, Chu ZQ, Ren T, Xu SC, Zhang LJ, Shen W, Lu GM. Multiparametric functional magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rabbit model. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:161. [PMID: 29246201 PMCID: PMC5732447 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the feasibility of noninvasive and quantitative evaluation of hepatic pathophysiological changes in rabbit hepatic warm ischemia-reperfusion injury (WIRI) models by using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MRI. METHODS Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into hepatic WIRI model group and sham-operation group (n = 10 for each group). Hepatic WIRI was induced in rabbit by occluding hepatic inflow for 30 min and reperfusion for 6 h. The control group only underwent laparotomy and liver ligament dissection. IVIM with 11 b values (0 to 800 s/mm2), DTI with 2 b values (0 and 500 s/mm2) on 12 diffusion directions, and BOLD MRI with 9 TE (2.57 to 24.25 ms) were performed at 3 T clinical MR scanner. Rabbits were sacrificed for biochemical and histopathological analysis after MR scanning. All of functional MR, biochemical and histopathological parameters were analyzed by independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson and Spearman correlation methods. RESULTS All of MR parameters showed moderate to excellent interobserver reproducibility. True diffusion (Dslow), pseudodiffusion (Dfast), perfusion fraction (PF), and mean diffusitivity (MD) were lower in WIRI models than in control rabbits (P < 0.01), R2* was higher in WIRI models than in control rabbits (P < 0.001), while fractional anisotropy (FA) showed no statistical difference. There were significant differences in I score and all of biochemical parameters between the two groups (P < 0.01). Functional MR parameters corresponded well with all of biochemical parameters and some of histopathological parameters (P < 0.05). Histopathological analysis showed the structure and morphology of hepatic lobule was normal and clear in control rabbits, while diffuse hepatocyte swelling, central vein and sinusoids congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration in WIRI models. CONCLUSIONS IVIM, DTI, and BOLD MRI are noninvasive and useful techniques for assessing the microenvironment changes of hepatic WIRI in rabbit models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ji
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi Qiang Chu
- Department of Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi Chao Xu
- Department of Transplantation, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Jiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Guang Ming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Horng CT, Huang CW, Yang MY, Chen TH, Chang YC, Wang CJ. Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract treatment attenuated preneoplastic lesions and oxidative stress in the livers of diethylnitrosamine-treated rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2327-2340. [PMID: 28804948 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) possesses antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anticancer potential. This study determined the protective role of aqueous extract from Nelumbo nucifera leaves (NLE) against N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced oxidative stress and hepatocellular carcinogenesis in a sample of Sprague-Dawley rats. NLE was fed orally to rats in which hepatic carcinoma was induced with DEN for 12 weeks. Five groups of 12 rats each were used for the study: Group I (control group) rats received distilled water; Group II rats were induced with DEN; Group III rats were induced with DEN and cotreated with 0.5% NLE; Group IV rats were induced with DEN and cotreated with 1.0% NLE; and Group V rats were induced with DEN and cotreated with 2.0% NLE. Clinical chemistry, organ weight, inflammatory marker, protein expression, enzyme, and antioxidant analyses were conducted. NLE administration to rats resulted in significantly decreased levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and albumin, which is indicative of hepatocellular damage, compared with the control group. DEN-induced oxidative stress was inhibited by NLE and this inhibition was paralleled by decreased lipid peroxides and increased glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity in liver tissues. The status of nonenzymatic antioxidants, such as reduced glutathione, was also found to be increased in NLE-administered rats. Furthermore, NLE decreased tumor size, hepatic Rac1, PKCα, and GSTπ expressions compared with the DEN-only group. Thus, supplementation of NLE reduced the adverse changes that occur because of liver cancer. These results prove that NLE protects against liver carcinogenesis induced because of treatment with DEN through blocking lipid peroxidation, hepatic cell damage, and enhancing the antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ting Horng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 802, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 802, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Yuan Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
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Zhang CY, Yuan WG, He P, Lei JH, Wang CX. Liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cells: Etiology, pathological hallmarks and therapeutic targets. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:10512-10522. [PMID: 28082803 PMCID: PMC5192262 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i48.10512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a reversible wound-healing process aimed at maintaining organ integrity, and presents as the critical pre-stage of liver cirrhosis, which will eventually progress to hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of liver transplantation. Fibrosis generally results from chronic hepatic injury caused by various factors, mainly viral infection, schistosomiasis, and alcoholism; however, the exact pathological mechanisms are still unknown. Although numerous drugs have been shown to have antifibrotic activity in vitro and in animal models, none of these drugs have been shown to be efficacious in the clinic. Importantly, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a key role in the initiation, progression, and regression of liver fibrosis by secreting fibrogenic factors that encourage portal fibrocytes, fibroblasts, and bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts to produce collagen and thereby propagate fibrosis. These cells are subject to intricate cross-talk with adjacent cells, resulting in scarring and subsequent liver damage. Thus, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and their relationships with HSCs is essential for the discovery of new therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review outlines the role of HSCs in liver fibrosis and details novel strategies to suppress HSC activity, thereby providing new insights into potential treatments for liver fibrosis.
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17
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Zhang CY, Yuan WG, He P, Lei JH, Wang CX. Liver fibrosis and hepatic stellate cells: Etiology, pathological hallmarks and therapeutic targets. World J Gastroenterol 2016. [PMID: 28082803 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i48.10512.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a reversible wound-healing process aimed at maintaining organ integrity, and presents as the critical pre-stage of liver cirrhosis, which will eventually progress to hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of liver transplantation. Fibrosis generally results from chronic hepatic injury caused by various factors, mainly viral infection, schistosomiasis, and alcoholism; however, the exact pathological mechanisms are still unknown. Although numerous drugs have been shown to have antifibrotic activity in vitro and in animal models, none of these drugs have been shown to be efficacious in the clinic. Importantly, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a key role in the initiation, progression, and regression of liver fibrosis by secreting fibrogenic factors that encourage portal fibrocytes, fibroblasts, and bone marrow-derived myofibroblasts to produce collagen and thereby propagate fibrosis. These cells are subject to intricate cross-talk with adjacent cells, resulting in scarring and subsequent liver damage. Thus, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of liver fibrosis and their relationships with HSCs is essential for the discovery of new therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review outlines the role of HSCs in liver fibrosis and details novel strategies to suppress HSC activity, thereby providing new insights into potential treatments for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yang Zhang
- Chong-Yang Zhang, Jia-Hui Lei, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei-Gang Yuan
- Chong-Yang Zhang, Jia-Hui Lei, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Pei He
- Chong-Yang Zhang, Jia-Hui Lei, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia-Hui Lei
- Chong-Yang Zhang, Jia-Hui Lei, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chun-Xu Wang
- Chong-Yang Zhang, Jia-Hui Lei, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
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Zou L, Jiang J, Zhong W, Wang C, Xing W, Zhang Z. Magnetic resonance elastography in a rabbit model of liver fibrosis: a 3-T longitudinal validation for clinical translation. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:4922-4931. [PMID: 27904692 PMCID: PMC5126334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationships between magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) imaging biomarkers and the stages of liver fibrosis in a rabbit model of liver fibrosis, a longitudinal validation for clinical translation. Liver fibrosis was induced in 38 male New Zealand rabbits by weekly subcutaneous injections of 0.1 ml 50% carbon tetrachloride oily solution per kilogram of body weight for 4 to 10 weeks to produced varying degrees of liver fibrosis. The values for the liver stiffness (LS) MRE imaging biomarkers were measured at different stages of liver fibrosis. Masson trichrome staining of liver tissue was used to identify collagen tissue. Among the 38 rabbits, the histological studies showed liver fibrosis stage 1 (F1, n = 11), liver fibrosis stage 2 (F2, n = 8), liver fibrosis stage 3 (F3, n = 7), and liver fibrosis stage 4 (F4, liver cirrhosis, n = 12). Additional healthy rabbits served as controls (F0, n = 15). During liver fibrosis progression, the mean LS values increased during liver fibrosis progression. There were significant differences in LS values between (F0 and F1) and (F2 and F3), (F2 and F3) and (F4), and (F0 and F1) and (F4), which are three clinically relevant fibrosis groups. There was a high correlation between the LS values measured by MRE and the stages of liver fibrosis determined by histology (R2 = 0.67, P < 0.001). MRE imaging has the potential to serve as a noninvasive, unenhanced imaging technique for liver fibrosis diagnosis and staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiu Zou
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Nanshan District People’s HospitalShenzhen, China
| | - Jinzhao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Hong Kong University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxin Zhong
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Nanshan District People’s HospitalShenzhen, China
| | - Chunrong Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Nanshan District People’s HospitalShenzhen, China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Third Hospital of Suzhou UniversityChangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterChicago, IL, USA
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Patterson AJ, Priest AN, Bowden DJ, Wallace TE, Patterson I, Graves MJ, Lomas DJ. Quantitative BOLD imaging at 3T: Temporal changes in hepatocellular carcinoma and fibrosis following oxygen challenge. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 44:739-44. [PMID: 26892734 PMCID: PMC5042181 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the utility of oxygen challenge and report on temporal changes in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast in normal liver, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and background fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven volunteers (nine male and two female, mean age 33.5, range 27-41 years) and 10 patients (nine male and one female, mean age 68.9, range 56-87 years) with hepatocellular carcinoma on a background of diffuse liver disease were recruited. Imaging was performed on a 3T system using a multiphase, multiecho, fast gradient echo sequence. Oxygen was administered via a Hudson mask after 2 minutes of free-breathing. Paired t-tests were performed to determine if the mean pre- and post-O2 differences were statistically significant. RESULTS In patients with liver fibrosis (n = 8) the change in T2* following O2 administration was elevated (0.88 ± 0.582 msec, range 0.03-1.69 msec) and the difference was significant (P = 0.004). The magnitude of the BOLD response in patients with HCC (n = 10) was larger, however the response was more variable (1.07 ± 1.458 msec, range -0.93-3.26 msec), and the difference was borderline significant (P = 0.046). The BOLD response in the volunteer cohort was not significant (P = 0.121, 0.59 ± 1.162 msec, range -0.81-2.44 msec). CONCLUSION This work demonstrates that the BOLD response following oxygen challenge within cirrhotic liver is consistent with a breakdown in vascular autoregulatory mechanisms. Similarly, the elevated BOLD response within HCC is consistent with the abnormal capillary vasculature within tumors and the arterialization of the blood supply. Our results suggest that oxygen challenge may prove a viable BOLD contrast mechanism in the liver. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:739-744.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Patterson
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew N Priest
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David J Bowden
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tess E Wallace
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ilse Patterson
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Martin J Graves
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David J Lomas
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Wang D, Chen TW, Zhang XM, Li J, Zeng NL, Li L, Tang YL, Huang YC, Li R, Chen F, Chen YL. Liver Lobe Based Multi-Echo Gradient Recalled Echo T2*-Weighted Imaging in Chronic Hepatitis B-Related Cirrhosis: Association with the Presence and Child-Pugh Class of Cirrhosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154545. [PMID: 27171422 PMCID: PMC4865090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether liver lobe based T2* values measured on gradient recalled echo T2*-weighted imaging are associated with the presence and Child-Pugh class of hepatitis B-related cirrhosis. METHODS Fifty-six patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis and 23 healthy control individuals were enrolled in this study and underwent upper abdominal T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. T2* values of the left lateral lobe (LLL), left medial lobe (LML), right lobe (RL) and caudate lobe (CL) were measured on T2*-weighted imaging. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the association between liver lobe based T2* values and the presence and Child-Pugh class of cirrhosis. RESULTS The T2* values of the LLL, LML and RL decreased with the progression of cirrhosis from Child-Pugh class A to C (r = -0.231, -0.223, and -0.395, respectively; all P < 0.05), except that of the CL (r = -0.181, P > 0.05). To a certain extent, Mann-Whitney U tests with Bonferroni correction for multigroup comparisons showed that the T2* values of the LLL, LML and RL could distinguish cirrhotic liver from healthy liver (all P < 0.05), whereas the T2* values of the CL could not (P > 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that the T2* value of the RL could best distinguish cirrhosis from healthy liver, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.713 among T2* values of the liver lobes, and that only the T2* value of the RL could distinguish Child-Pugh class C from A-B, with an AUC of 0.697 (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The T2* value of the RL can be associated with the presence and Child-Pugh class of hepatitis B-related cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Tian-wu Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiao-ming Zhang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Jie Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Nan-lin Zeng
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Yu-lian Tang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Yu-cheng Huang
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Rui Li
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Yan-li Chen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
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Zhang LJ, Zhang Z, Xu J, Jin N, Luo S, Larson AC, Lu GM. Carbogen gas-challenge blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging in hepatocellular carcinoma: Initial results. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2009-2014. [PMID: 26622788 PMCID: PMC4579908 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of performing carbogen gas-challenge blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 25 patients with HCC underwent T2* mapping derived from multi-echo gradient-recalled echo imaging prior to and following breathing carbogen (95% O2 and 5% CO2) for 10 min. Follow-up T2* mapping was performed in 5 patients 1 day after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). T2*, R2* and ∆R2* values (R2*air - R2*carb) of the whole tumor, the solid region of the tumor and the adjacent liver parenchyma were measured and compared in the patients with HCC. The T2* value of the solid region of the tumor following carbogen breathing was higher than the value following room air breathing (P<0.05), and the R2* value of room air breathing was higher than that following carbogen breathing (P<0.05). ∆R2* values of the tumor and the adjacent liver parenchyma prior to and following carbogen breathing were 2.4±7.8, 8.1±14.7 and 2.0±11.0 sec−1, respectively. R2* values were significantly decreased in 2 cases 1 day after TACE (17.8 vs. −3.4 sec−1 and 10.2 vs. 2.4 sec−1). Overall, carbogen gas-challenge BOLD MRI measurements are feasible in clinical settings and may serve as a novel functional biomarker for monitoring the treatment efficacy of embolic therapies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nangjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nangjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Ning Jin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA
| | - Song Luo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nangjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Andrew C Larson
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guang Ming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nangjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Yanguas SC, Cogliati B, Willebrords J, Maes M, Colle I, van den Bossche B, de Oliveira CPMS, Andraus W, Alves VAF, Leclercq I, Vinken M. Experimental models of liver fibrosis. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1025-1048. [PMID: 26047667 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a wound healing response to insults and as such affects the entire world population. In industrialized countries, the main causes of liver fibrosis include alcohol abuse, chronic hepatitis virus infection and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. A central event in liver fibrosis is the activation of hepatic stellate cells, which is triggered by a plethora of signaling pathways. Liver fibrosis can progress into more severe stages, known as cirrhosis, when liver acini are substituted by nodules, and further to hepatocellular carcinoma. Considerable efforts are currently devoted to liver fibrosis research, not only with the goal of further elucidating the molecular mechanisms that drive this disease, but equally in view of establishing effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The present paper provides a state-of-the-art overview of in vivo and in vitro models used in the field of experimental liver fibrosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Crespo Yanguas
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joost Willebrords
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michaël Maes
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Colle
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Bert van den Bossche
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Surgery, Algemeen Stedelijk Ziekenhuis, Aalst, Belgium
| | | | - Wellington Andraus
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Isabelle Leclercq
- Laboratoire d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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MRI-monitored transcatheter intra-arterial delivery of SPIO-labeled natural killer cells to hepatocellular carcinoma: preclinical studies in a rodent model. Invest Radiol 2014; 48:492-9. [PMID: 23249649 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e31827994e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to test the hypotheses that intra-arterial infusion allows for targeted natural killer (NK) lymphocyte delivery to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and that iron oxide labeling allows for quantitative visualization of intra-arterial NK delivery with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments received approval from the institutional animal care and use committee. NK-92MI cells were labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles. Cell viability, labeling efficacy, and cell phantom imaging studies were performed. Eighteen rats were each implanted with HCC tumors. Catheter was placed in proper hepatic artery for either NK lymphocyte (12 rats) or saline (6 rats) infusion. For the 6 rats, MRI T2* measurements for tumor and normal liver were compared before and after the NK infusion and correlated with histologic measurements. Prussian blue staining was used for labeled NK identification. The remaining rats survived for 8 days after the infusion to compare tumor size changes in the rats that received NK cell (6 rats) or saline (6 rats) infusions. Spearman correlation coefficients and t tests were calculated for statistical analyses. RESULTS Increasing SPIO incubation concentration decreased cell viability. Labeling efficacy mean (SD) was 88.0% (3.1%) across samples. The spatial extent of T2*-weighted contrast and R2* relaxivity values increased for cell phantom samples incubated with increasing SPIO concentrations. T2* measurements decreased in the tumor and normal liver tissues after the NK infusion (P < 0.001); ΔT2* was greater in the tumors than in the normal liver tissue (P < 0.001). Histologic measurements demonstrated increased NK delivery to the tumor compared with the normal liver (P < 0.001). ΔT2* was well correlated with histologic NK measurements (ρ = 0.70). Changes in tumor diameter 8 days after the infusion were significantly different between those rats that received NK cell infusions (-2.49 [0.86] mm) and those that received sham saline infusion (5.23 [0.66] mm). CONCLUSIONS Intra-arterial infusion permitted selective delivery of NK cells to HCC. Transcatheter delivery of SPIO-labeled NK cells can be quantitatively visualized with MRI. Transcatheter NK cell delivery limited tumor size progression compared with controls.
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Man S, Fan W, Gao W, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu Z, Li H. Anti-fibrosis and anti-cirrhosis effects of Rhizoma paridis saponins on diethylnitrosamine induced rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:407-412. [PMID: 24212073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis as a traditional Chinese medicine has been used in the treatment of liver disease for thousands of years. Rhizoma paridis saponins (RPS), as the main active components of Paris polyphylla, have been used to treat liver injury. Anti-cirrhosis effect of Rhizoma paridis saponins (RPS) has not been known. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced metabonomic changes in multiple biological matrices (plasma and urine) of rats by using (1)H-NMR spectroscopy together with clinical biochemistry assessments, oxidative stress test and DNA fragmentation assay. RESULTS Mechanisms of RPS that participated in the inhibition of the fibrotic process included anti-oxidant, anti-apoptosis, and metabolic disturbance such as decreasing lipid oxidation, regulation of TCA cycle, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolisms in DEN-induced liver tissues. CONCLUSIONS Integrated NMR analysis of serum and urine samples, together with traditional clinical biochemical assays provided a holistic method for elucidating mechanisms of potential anti-fibrotic agent, RPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Man
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongfa Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Zhang Y, Jin N, Deng J, Guo Y, White SB, Yang GY, Omary RA, Larson AC. Intra-voxel incoherent motion MRI in rodent model of diethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis. Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 31:1017-21. [PMID: 23598061 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the perfusion fraction measured by intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with liver fibrosis degrees in a rodent model. MATERIALS AND METHODS All experiments received approval from our institutional animal care and use committee. Liver fibrosis was induced in 13 rats by oral gavage with diethylnitrosamine; 4 untreated rats with normal livers were used as controls. Diffusion Weighted MRI was performed and 8 gradient factors (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400 and 500s/mm(2)) were acquired. The values of ADC, true diffusion coefficient D and perfusion fraction f were measured based on Li Bihan's method. The percentage of liver fibrosis was assessed via quantitative analysis of Masson trichrome staining using an average of 30 fields per section. The MRI measurements were compared to the histological fibrotic grade to evaluate the correlation between them. RESULTS ADC contained the contribution of diffusion and perfusion. The ADC and f values decreased significantly with the increasing fibrosis level (correlation coefficient: ADC: ρ=-0.781, p<0.001; f: ρ=-0.720, p=0.001); but D was poorly correlated with fibrosis level (ρ=-0.502, p=0.040). CONCLUSION The hepatic ADC and the perfusion fraction f were significantly correlated with the liver fibrosis level; however, D was not. This might suggest that hepatic perfusion is altered during the progression of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Noninvasive Monitoring of Microvascular Changes With Partial Irradiation Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced and Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Donati OF, Nanz D, Serra AL, Boss A. Quantitative BOLD response of the renal medulla to hyperoxic challenge at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:1133-1138. [PMID: 22290729 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to gage the magnitude of changes of the apparent renal medullary transverse relaxation time (ΔT(2)) induced by inhalation of pure oxygen (O(2) ) or carbogen (95% O(2) , 5% CO(2) ) versus baseline breathing of room air. Eight healthy volunteers underwent 2D multi-gradient echo MR imaging at 1.5 T and 3.0 T. Parametrical T(2) relaxation time maps were computed and average T(2) was measured in regions of interest placed in the renal medulla and cortex. The largest T(2) changes were measured in the renal medulla, with a relative ∆T(2) of 33.8 ± 22.0% (right medulla) and 34.7 ± 17.6% (left medulla) as compared to room air for oxygen breathing (p > 0.01), and 53.8 ± 23.9% and 53.5 ± 33.9% (p < 0.01) for carbogen breathing, respectively at 3 T. At 1.5 T, the corresponding values were 13.7 ± 18.5% and 24.1 ± 17.1% (p < 0.01) for oxygen breathing and 23.9 ± 17.2% and 38.9 ± 37.6% (p < 0.01) for carbogen breathing. As a result, we showed that renal medullary T(2) times responded strongly to inhalation of hyperoxic gases, which may be attributed to the hypoxic condition of the medulla and subsequent reduction in deoxyhemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivio F Donati
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
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Lu N, Di Y, Feng XY, Qiang JW, Zhang JW, Wang YG, Guo QY. Comparison between acetazolamide challenge and 10% carbon dioxide challenge perfusion CT in rat C6 glioma. Acad Radiol 2012; 19:159-65. [PMID: 22212420 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of perfusion computed tomography (PCT) with acetazolamide (ACZ) challenge and compare it to 10% carbon dioxide (CO(2)) challenge in rat C6 glioma. MATERIALS AND METHODS PCT was performed on 32 rats, including 20 with orthotopically implanted C6 gliomas and 12 serving as controls. Ten rats with gliomas and six normal rats underwent PCT with ACZ challenge. The other 10 rats with gliomas and six normal rats underwent PCT with 10% CO(2) challenge. The raw data were processed using Philips computed tomographic brain perfusion software. Perfusion parameters before and after the challenge were recorded. Percentage changes due to ACZ administration and 10% CO(2) challenge were calculated. Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to investigate relationships between percentage changes in perfusion parameters and vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel density. RESULTS In C6 gliomas, percentage change in cerebral blood flow was significantly different between ACZ (72.73%) and 10% CO(2) (28.47%) challenge (P < .01). Percentage change in cerebral blood volume was 37.85% with ACZ and 24.69% with 10% CO(2) challenge (P = .02). In controls, percentage change in cerebral blood flow was significantly different between ACZ (117.42%) and 10% CO(2) (65.86%) challenge (P < .01). For percentage change in cerebral blood volume, there was no significant difference between ACZ (107.51%) and 10% CO(2) (92.95%) challenge. Significant correlations were observed among percentage changes in vascular endothelial growth factor, microvessel density, and cerebral blood volume (P < .01). Percentage change in cerebral blood flow correlated well with vascular endothelial growth factor. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that PCT with ACZ challenge is a more reliable technique compared to 10% CO(2) challenge for the quantitative evaluation of microcirculation in gliomas.
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Sørensen A, Holm D, Pedersen M, Tietze A, Stausbøl-Grøn B, Duus L, Uldbjerg N. Left-right difference in fetal liver oxygenation during hypoxia estimated by BOLD MRI in a fetal sheep model. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2011; 38:665-672. [PMID: 21557372 DOI: 10.1002/uog.9044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to measure differences in oxygenation between the left and right sides of the fetal liver during varying oxygenation levels. METHODS Eight ewes carrying singleton fetuses at gestational age 125 days (term, 145 days) were included in the study. Under anesthesia the ewes were ventilated with gas containing different levels of oxygen, thereby subjecting the fetuses to hyperoxia (mean ± SD maternal arterial partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), 23.2 ± 8.2 kPa) and hypoxia (mean maternal arterial pO2, 7.1 ± 0.5 kPa). Changes in oxygenation within the fetal liver were assessed by blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS During hyperoxia there was no difference between the BOLD signal in the left and right sides of the fetal liver; mean change in BOLD (ΔBOLD)(hyperox), -0.9 ± 3.7%. During hypoxia, however, the decrease in the BOLD signal was more pronounced in the right side as compared with the left side, thereby creating a significant increase in the left-right difference in the BOLD signal; mean ΔBOLD(hypox), 5.2 ± 2.2% (P = 0.002, paired t-test). The left-right difference was directly proportional to the degree of hypoxia (R2 = 0.86, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating differences in oxygenation between the left and right sides of the fetal liver during hypoxia, a difference that can be explained by increased ductus venosus shunting. Thus, the BOLD MRI technique is a promising non-invasive tool that might be useful for the future monitoring of the human fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sørensen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Heijblom M, Klaase JM, van den Engh FM, van Leeuwen TG, Steenbergen W, Manohar S. Imaging Tumor Vascularization for Detection and Diagnosis of Breast Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2011; 10:607-23. [DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Heijblom
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
- Center for Breast Care, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital, P.O. Box 50000, 7500 KA Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - J. M. Klaase
- Center for Breast Care, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital, P.O. Box 50000, 7500 KA Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - F. M. van den Engh
- Center for Breast Care, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital, P.O. Box 50000, 7500 KA Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - T. G. van Leeuwen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 2270, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W. Steenbergen
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - S. Manohar
- Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
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Guo Y, Jin N, Klein R, Nicolai J, Yang GY, Omary RA, Larson AC. Gas challenge-blood oxygen level-dependent (GC-BOLD) MRI in the rat Novikoff hepatoma model. Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 30:133-8. [PMID: 22055749 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between gas challenge-blood oxygen level-dependent (GC-BOLD) response angiogenesis and tumor size in rat Novikoff hepatoma model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (weighting 301-325 g) were used for our Animal Care and Use Committee-approved experiments. N1-S1 Novikoff hepatomas were grown in 14 rats with sizes ranging from 0.42 to 2.81 cm. All experiments were performed at 3.0 T using a custom-built rodent receiver coil. A multiple gradient-echo sequence was used for R2* measurements, first during room air (78% N(2)/20% O(2)) breathing and then after 10 min of carbogen (95% O(2)/5% CO(2)) breathing. After image acquisition, rats were euthanized, and the tumors were harvested for histological evaluation. RESULTS The R2* change between air and carbogen breathing for small hepatomas was positive; R2* changes changed to negative values for larger hepatomas. We found a significant positive correlation between tumor R2* change and tumor microvessel density (MVD) (r=0.798, P=.001) and a significant inverse correlation between tumor R2* change and tumor size (r=-0.840, P<.0001). CONCLUSIONS GC-BOLD magnetic resonance imaging measurements are well correlated to MVD levels and tumor size in the N1-S1 Novikoff hepatoma model; GC-BOLD measurements may serve as noninvasive biomarkers for evaluating angiogenesis and disease progression and/or therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Shah B, Anderson SW, Scalera J, Jara H, Soto JA. Quantitative MR imaging: physical principles and sequence design in abdominal imaging. Radiographics 2011; 31:867-80. [PMID: 21571662 DOI: 10.1148/rg.313105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging seeks to quantify fundamental biologic and MR-inducible tissue properties, in contrast to the routine application of MR imaging in the clinic, in which differences in MR parameters are used to generate contrast for subsequent subjective image analysis. Fundamental parameters that are commonly quantified by using MR imaging include proton density, diffusion, T1 relaxation, T2 and T2* relaxation, and magnetization transfer. Applications of these MR imaging-quantifiable parameters to abdominal imaging include oncologic imaging, evaluation of diffuse liver disease, and assessment of splenic, renal, and pancreatic disease. An understanding of the inherent physical principles underlying the basic quantitative parameters as well as the commonly used pulse sequences requisite to their derivation is critical, as this field is rapidly growing and its use will likely continue to expand in the clinic. The full potential of quantitative MR imaging applied to abdominal imaging has yet to be realized, but the myriad applications reported to date will undoubtedly continue to grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Shah
- Department of Radiology, Boston University Medical Center, 820 Harrison Ave, FGH Building, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02218, USA
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Edrei Y, Gross E, Corchia N, Tsarfaty G, Galun E, Pappo O, Abramovitch R. Vascular profile characterization of liver tumors by magnetic resonance imaging using hemodynamic response imaging in mice. Neoplasia 2011; 13:244-53. [PMID: 21390187 PMCID: PMC3050867 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using hemodynamic response imaging (HRI), a functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method combined with hypercapnia and hyperoxia, for monitoring vascular changes during liver pathologies without the need of contrast material. In this study, we evaluated HRI ability to assess changes in liver tumor vasculature during tumor establishment, progression, and antiangiogenic therapy. Colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were injected intrasplenically to model colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) and the Mdr2 knockout mice were used to model primary hepatic tumors. Hepatic perfusion parameters were evaluated using the HRI protocol and were compared with contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI. The hypovascularity and the increased arterial blood supply in well-defined CRLM were demonstrated by HRI. In CRLM-bearing mice, the entire liver perfusion was attenuated as the HRI maps were significantly reduced by 35%. This study demonstrates that the HRI method showed enhanced sensitivity for small CRLM (1-2 mm) detection compared with CE-MRI (82% versus 38%, respectively). In addition, HRI could demonstrate the vasculature alteration during CRLM progression (arborized vessels), which was further confirmed by histology. Moreover, HRI revealed the vascular changes induced by rapamycin treatment. Finally, HRI facilitates primary hepatic tumor characterization with good correlation to the pathologic differentiation. The HRI method is highly sensitive to subtle hemodynamic changes induced by CRLM and, hence, can function as an imaging tool for understanding the hemodynamic changes occurring during CRLM establishment, progression, and antiangiogenic treatment. In addition, this method facilitated the differentiation between different types of hepatic lesions based on their vascular profile noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifat Edrei
- The Goldyne Savad Institute for Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- MRI/MRS Laboratory HBRC, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eitan Gross
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nathalie Corchia
- The Goldyne Savad Institute for Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Galia Tsarfaty
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eithan Galun
- The Goldyne Savad Institute for Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orit Pappo
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rinat Abramovitch
- The Goldyne Savad Institute for Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- MRI/MRS Laboratory HBRC, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Jin N, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Lu G, Larson AC. Respiratory self-gated multiple gradient recalled echo sequence for free-breathing abdominal R2* mapping. Magn Reson Med 2011; 66:207-12. [PMID: 21695725 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal effective transverse relaxation rate (R(2)*) mapping is critical for a wide range of applications. However, respiratory motion can lead to significant image quality deterioration and R(2)* overestimation. For this work, we explored the feasibility of combining respiratory self-gating techniques with a multiple gradient-recalled echo sequence for free-breathing abdominal R(2)* measurements. In a series of eight normal volunteers, respiratory self-gated-multiple gradient-recalled echo methods effectively avoided motion artifacts to produce quantitative R(2)* measurements in liver, spleen, and kidneys that were comparable to R(2)* measurements produced while breath-holding. Respiratory self-gated-multiple gradient-recalled echo methods demonstrated the potential to avoid the need for breath-holding during abdominal R(2)* mapping. For clinical application, respiratory self-gated-multiple gradient-recalled echo approaches could be particularly useful for R(2)* measurements in those patients unable or unwilling to sustain sufficiently long breath-holds to avoid motion artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois, USA
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