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White HW, Naveed AB, Campbell BR, Lee YJ, Baik FM, Topf M, Rosenthal EL, Hom ME. Infrared Fluorescence-guided Surgery for Tumor and Metastatic Lymph Node Detection in Head and Neck Cancer. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2024; 6:e230178. [PMID: 38940689 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.230178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), surgical removal of cancerous tissue presents the best overall survival rate. However, failure to obtain negative margins during resection has remained a steady concern over the past 3 decades. The need for improved tumor removal and margin assessment presents an ongoing concern for the field. While near-infrared agents have long been used in imaging, investigation of these agents for use in HNC imaging has dramatically expanded in the past decade. Targeted tracers for use in primary and metastatic lymph node detection are of particular interest, with panitumumab-IRDye800 as a major candidate in current studies. This review aims to provide an overview of intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence-guided surgery techniques used in the clinical detection of malignant tissue and sentinel lymph nodes in HNC, highlighting current applications, limitations, and future directions for use of this technology within the field. Keywords: Molecular Imaging-Cancer, Fluorescence © RSNA, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley W White
- From the University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.W.W.); Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB 754, Nashville, TN 37232 (A.B.N., B.R.C., M.T., E.L.R., M.E.H.); and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (Y.J.L., F.M.B.)
| | - Abdullah Bin Naveed
- From the University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.W.W.); Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB 754, Nashville, TN 37232 (A.B.N., B.R.C., M.T., E.L.R., M.E.H.); and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (Y.J.L., F.M.B.)
| | - Benjamin R Campbell
- From the University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.W.W.); Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB 754, Nashville, TN 37232 (A.B.N., B.R.C., M.T., E.L.R., M.E.H.); and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (Y.J.L., F.M.B.)
| | - Yu-Jin Lee
- From the University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.W.W.); Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB 754, Nashville, TN 37232 (A.B.N., B.R.C., M.T., E.L.R., M.E.H.); and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (Y.J.L., F.M.B.)
| | - Fred M Baik
- From the University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.W.W.); Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB 754, Nashville, TN 37232 (A.B.N., B.R.C., M.T., E.L.R., M.E.H.); and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (Y.J.L., F.M.B.)
| | - Michael Topf
- From the University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.W.W.); Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB 754, Nashville, TN 37232 (A.B.N., B.R.C., M.T., E.L.R., M.E.H.); and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (Y.J.L., F.M.B.)
| | - Eben L Rosenthal
- From the University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.W.W.); Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB 754, Nashville, TN 37232 (A.B.N., B.R.C., M.T., E.L.R., M.E.H.); and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (Y.J.L., F.M.B.)
| | - Marisa E Hom
- From the University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Mich (H.W.W.); Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, PRB 754, Nashville, TN 37232 (A.B.N., B.R.C., M.T., E.L.R., M.E.H.); and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif (Y.J.L., F.M.B.)
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2
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Buckle T, Rietbergen DDD, de Wit-van der Veen L, Schottelius M. Lessons learned in application driven imaging agent design for image-guided surgery. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06791-x. [PMID: 38900308 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06791-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
To meet the growing demand for intraoperative molecular imaging, the development of compatible imaging agents plays a crucial role. Given the unique requirements of surgical applications compared to diagnostics and therapy, maximizing translational potential necessitates distinctive imaging agent designs. For effective surgical guidance, exogenous signatures are essential and are achievable through a diverse range of imaging labels such as (radio)isotopes, fluorescent dyes, or combinations thereof. To achieve optimal in vivo utility a balanced molecular design of the tracer as a whole is required, which ensures a harmonious effect of the imaging label with the affinity and specificity (e.g., pharmacokinetics) of a pharmacophore/targeting moiety. This review outlines common design strategies and the effects of refinements in the molecular imaging agent design on the agent's pharmacological profile. This includes the optimization of affinity, pharmacokinetics (including serum binding and target mediated background), biological clearance route, the achievable signal intensity, and the effect of dosing hereon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne D D Rietbergen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Section Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda de Wit-van der Veen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Translational Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 25A, Agora, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland.
- Agora, pôle de recherche sur le cancer, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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3
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Kalaba P, Sanchez de la Rosa C, Möller A, Alewood PF, Muttenthaler M. Targeting the Oxytocin Receptor for Breast Cancer Management: A Niche for Peptide Tracers. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1625-1640. [PMID: 38235665 PMCID: PMC10859963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women, and its management highly depends on early disease diagnosis and monitoring. This remains challenging due to breast cancer's heterogeneity and a scarcity of specific biomarkers that could predict responses to therapy and enable personalized treatment. This Perspective describes the diagnostic landscape for breast cancer management, molecular strategies targeting receptors overexpressed in tumors, the theranostic potential of the oxytocin receptor (OTR) as an emerging breast cancer target, and the development of OTR-specific optical and nuclear tracers to study, visualize, and treat tumors. A special focus is on the chemistry and pharmacology underpinning OTR tracer development, preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies, challenges, and future directions. The use of peptide-based tracers targeting upregulated receptors in cancer is a highly promising strategy complementing current diagnostics and therapies and providing new opportunities to improve cancer management and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Kalaba
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Andreas Möller
- QIMR
Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
- The
Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Paul F. Alewood
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute
of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute
for Molecular Bioscience, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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4
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Berehova N, van Meerbeek MP, Azargoshasb S, van Willigen DM, Slof LJ, Navaei Lavasani S, van Oosterom MN, van Leeuwen FWB, Buckle T. A Truncated 14-Amino-Acid Myelin Protein-Zero-Targeting Peptide for Fluorescence-Guided Nerve-Preserving Surgery. Biomolecules 2023; 13:942. [PMID: 37371522 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occurrence of accidental nerve damage during surgery and the increasing application of image guidance during head-and-neck surgery have highlighted the need for molecular targeted nerve-sparing interventions. The implementation of such interventions relies on the availability of nerve-specific tracers. In this paper, we describe the development of a truncated peptide that has an optimized affinity for protein zero (P0), the most abundant protein in myelin. METHODS AND MATERIALS Further C- and N-terminal truncation was performed on the lead peptide Cy5-P0101-125. The resulting nine Cy5-labelled peptides were characterized based on their photophysical properties, P0 affinity, and in vitro staining. These characterizations were combined with evaluation of the crystal structure of P0, which resulted in the selection of the optimized tracer Cy5-P0112-125. A near-infrared Cy7-functionalized derivative (Cy7-P0112-125) was used to perform an initial evaluation of fluorescence-guided surgery in a porcine model. RESULTS Methodological truncation of the 26-amino-acid lead compound Cy5-P0101-125 resulted in a size reduction of 53.8% for the optimized peptide Cy5-P0112-125. The peptide design and the 1.5-fold affinity gain obtained after truncation could be linked to interactions observed in the crystal structure of the extracellular portion of P0. The near-infrared analogue Cy7-P0112-125 supported nerve illumination during fluorescence-guided surgery in the head-and-neck region in a porcine model. CONCLUSIONS Methodological truncation yielded a second-generation P0-specific peptide. Initial surgical evaluation suggests that the peptide can support molecular targeted nerve imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Berehova
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten P van Meerbeek
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Samaneh Azargoshasb
- Design and Prototyping, Department of Medical Technology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leon J Slof
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Design and Prototyping, Department of Medical Technology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Saaedeh Navaei Lavasani
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias N van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Małkiewicz B, Kiełb P, Kobylański M, Karwacki J, Poterek A, Krajewski W, Zdrojowy R, Szydełko T. Sentinel Lymph Node Techniques in Urologic Oncology: Current Knowledge and Application. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092495. [PMID: 37173960 PMCID: PMC10177100 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN) metastases have a significant negative impact on the prognosis of urological malignancies. Unfortunately, current imaging modalities are insufficient when it comes to detecting micrometastases; thus, surgical LN removal is commonly used. However, there is still no established ideal lymph node dissection (LND) template, leading to unnecessary invasive staging and the possibility of missing LN metastases located outside the standard template. To address this issue, the sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept has been proposed. This technique involves identifying and removing the first group of draining LNs, which can accurately stage cancer. While successful in breast cancer and melanoma, the SLN technique in urologic oncology is still considered experimental due to high false-negative rates and lack of data in prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer. Nevertheless, the development of new tracers, imaging modalities, and surgical techniques may improve the potential of the SLN procedures in urological oncology. In this review, we aim to discuss the current knowledge and future contributions of the SLN procedure in the management of urological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Małkiewicz
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kiełb
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maximilian Kobylański
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Karwacki
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adrian Poterek
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krajewski
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Romuald Zdrojowy
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szydełko
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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6
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Streeter SS, Hebert KA, Bateman LM, Ray GS, Dean RE, Geffken KT, Resnick CT, Austin DC, Bell JE, Sparks MB, Gibbs SL, Samkoe KS, Gitajn IL, Elliott JT, Henderson ER. Current and Future Applications of Fluorescence Guidance in Orthopaedic Surgery. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:46-57. [PMID: 36447084 PMCID: PMC10106269 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is an evolving field that seeks to identify important anatomic structures or physiologic phenomena with helpful relevance to the execution of surgical procedures. Fluorescence labeling occurs generally via the administration of fluorescent reporters that may be molecularly targeted, enzyme-activated, or untargeted, vascular probes. Fluorescence guidance has substantially changed care strategies in numerous surgical fields; however, investigation and adoption in orthopaedic surgery have lagged. FGS shows the potential for improving patient care in orthopaedics via several applications including disease diagnosis, perfusion-based tissue healing capacity assessment, infection/tumor eradication, and anatomic structure identification. This review highlights current and future applications of fluorescence guidance in orthopaedics and identifies key challenges to translation and potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Streeter
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.
| | - Kendra A Hebert
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Logan M Bateman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Gabrielle S Ray
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Ryan E Dean
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Kurt T Geffken
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Corey T Resnick
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Daniel C Austin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - John-Erik Bell
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Michael B Sparks
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Summer L Gibbs
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kimberley S Samkoe
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - I Leah Gitajn
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Jonathan Thomas Elliott
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Eric R Henderson
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA.,Dartmouth Cancer Center, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA
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7
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Boekestijn I, van Oosterom MN, Dell'Oglio P, van Velden FHP, Pool M, Maurer T, Rietbergen DDD, Buckle T, van Leeuwen FWB. The current status and future prospects for molecular imaging-guided precision surgery. Cancer Imaging 2022; 22:48. [PMID: 36068619 PMCID: PMC9446692 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-022-00482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging technologies are increasingly used to diagnose, monitor, and guide treatment of i.e., cancer. In this review, the current status and future prospects of the use of molecular imaging as an instrument to help realize precision surgery is addressed with focus on the main components that form the conceptual basis of intraoperative molecular imaging. Paramount for successful interventions is the relevance and accessibility of surgical targets. In addition, selection of the correct combination of imaging agents and modalities is critical to visualize both microscopic and bulk disease sites with high affinity and specificity. In this context developments within engineering/imaging physics continue to drive the growth of image-guided surgery. Particularly important herein is enhancement of sensitivity through improved contrast and spatial resolution, features that are critical if sites of cancer involvement are not to be overlooked during surgery. By facilitating the connection between surgical planning and surgical execution, digital surgery technologies such as computer-aided visualization nicely complement these technologies. The complexity of image guidance, combined with the plurality of technologies that are becoming available, also drives the need for evaluation mechanisms that can objectively score the impact that technologies exert on the performance of healthcare professionals and outcome improvement for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Boekestijn
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias N van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Dell'Oglio
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Floris H P van Velden
- Medical Physics, Department of Radiology , Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Pool
- Department of Clinical Farmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Centre Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daphne D D Rietbergen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Section of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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8
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Minimally invasive evaluation of the clinically negative inguinal node in penile cancer: Dynamic sentinel node biopsy. Urol Oncol 2022; 40:209-214. [PMID: 33218920 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The presence of lymph node metastasis is the most important prognostic factor in penile cancer (PeCa). Due to limited sensitivity of currently available imaging modalities, invasive staging approaches remain indispensable for adequate nodal staging. As an alternative to radical inguinal lymphadenectomy and with the aim to reduce morbidity, staging strategies such as modified lymphadenectomy and dynamic sentinel node biopsy (DSNB) have been introduced. Over the years, DSNB evolved into a safe and reliable staging technique when performed in high volume centers. Recent enhancements of the procedure such as Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and the introduction of hybrid tracers have improved pre- and intraoperative sentinel node (SN) visualization. Other technologies such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles could have a potential future role to further refine DSNB. Future efforts should be aimed at optimizing diagnostic accuracy whilst minimizing perioperative morbidity.
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9
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Pratt EC, Skubal M, Mc Larney B, Causa-Andrieu P, Das S, Sawan P, Araji A, Riedl C, Vyas K, Tuch D, Grimm J. Prospective testing of clinical Cerenkov luminescence imaging against standard-of-care nuclear imaging for tumour location. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:559-568. [PMID: 35411113 PMCID: PMC9149092 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In oncology, the feasibility of Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) has been assessed by imaging superficial lymph nodes in a few patients undergoing diagnostic 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). However, the weak luminescence signal requires the removal of ambient light. Here we report the development of a clinical CLI fiberscope with a lightproof enclosure, and the clinical testing of the setup using five different radiotracers. In an observational prospective trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03484884 ) involving 96 patients with existing or suspected tumours, scheduled for routine clinical FDG PET or 131I therapy, the level of agreement of CLI with standard-of-care imaging (PET or planar single-photon emission CT) for tumour location was 'acceptable' or higher (≥3 in the 1-5 Likert scale) for 90% of the patients. CLI correlated with the concentration of radioactive activity, and captured therapeutically relevant information from patients undergoing targeted radiotherapy or receiving the alpha emitter 223Ra, which cannot be feasibly imaged clinically. CLI could supplement radiological scans, especially when scanner capacity is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin C. Pratt
- Pharmacology Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Magdalena Skubal
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Benedict Mc Larney
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pamela Causa-Andrieu
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sudeep Das
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Peter Sawan
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Abdallah Araji
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Christopher Riedl
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kunal Vyas
- Lightpoint Medical Ltd., Waterside, Chesham, HP5 1PE, UK
| | - David Tuch
- Lightpoint Medical Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jan Grimm
- Pharmacology Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. .,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Weill, Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Valdés Olmos R, Vidal-Sicart S, Fuertes Cabero S, Goñi Gironés E, Paredes P. Aportación de la medicina nuclear intervencionista a la cirugía de precisión molecularmente dirigida. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Valdés Olmos R, Vidal-Sicart S, Fuertes Cabero S, Goñi Gironés E, Paredes P. Interventional nuclear medicine's contribution to molecularly targeted precision surgery. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2022; 41:179-187. [PMID: 35484078 DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The surgical approach to different pathologies, not only oncological, has evolved. As Veronesi's group has coined very graphically, we are moving from "maximum tolerable treatments to minimum effective treatments" and this journey cannot be carried out in any other way than through a multidisciplinary and multimodality approach. Multidisciplinary, because collaboration between surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, nuclear physicians, pathologists, and all those involved in patient follow-up is necessary, and multimodality, because we must move towards precision surgery tailored to each patient in which, on the part of Nuclear Medicine, hybrid imaging (SPECT/CT and PET/CT), bimodal tracers, the use of new allies such as ultrasound or our own adaptation to robotic surgery have a great deal to say. A wide range of possibilities is built on the solid foundation of preoperative scintigraphy, which makes it possible to identify the target tissues and whose knowledge prior to surgery allows the necessary surgical approach to be considered for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Valdés Olmos
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory and Nuclear Medicine Section, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - S Vidal-Sicart
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Imatge Mèdica Intercentres S. L. (IMI), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Fuertes Cabero
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Goñi Gironés
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - P Paredes
- Servicio de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Ginghina O, Hudita A, Zamfir M, Spanu A, Mardare M, Bondoc I, Buburuzan L, Georgescu SE, Costache M, Negrei C, Nitipir C, Galateanu B. Liquid Biopsy and Artificial Intelligence as Tools to Detect Signatures of Colorectal Malignancies: A Modern Approach in Patient's Stratification. Front Oncol 2022; 12:856575. [PMID: 35356214 PMCID: PMC8959149 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.856575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most frequently diagnosed type of cancer and a major worldwide public health concern. Despite the global efforts in the development of modern therapeutic strategies, CRC prognosis is strongly correlated with the stage of the disease at diagnosis. Early detection of CRC has a huge impact in decreasing mortality while pre-lesion detection significantly reduces the incidence of the pathology. Even though the management of CRC patients is based on robust diagnostic methods such as serum tumor markers analysis, colonoscopy, histopathological analysis of tumor tissue, and imaging methods (computer tomography or magnetic resonance), these strategies still have many limitations and do not fully satisfy clinical needs due to their lack of sensitivity and/or specificity. Therefore, improvements of the current practice would substantially impact the management of CRC patients. In this view, liquid biopsy is a promising approach that could help clinicians screen for disease, stratify patients to the best treatment, and monitor treatment response and resistance mechanisms in the tumor in a regular and minimally invasive manner. Liquid biopsies allow the detection and analysis of different tumor-derived circulating markers such as cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the bloodstream. The major advantage of this approach is its ability to trace and monitor the molecular profile of the patient's tumor and to predict personalized treatment in real-time. On the other hand, the prospective use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine holds great promise in oncology, for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction of disease. AI has two main branches in the medical field: (i) a virtual branch that includes medical imaging, clinical assisted diagnosis, and treatment, as well as drug research, and (ii) a physical branch that includes surgical robots. This review summarizes findings relevant to liquid biopsy and AI in CRC for better management and stratification of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octav Ginghina
- Department II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ariana Hudita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Zamfir
- Department of Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrada Spanu
- Department of Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mara Mardare
- Department of Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Bondoc
- Department of Surgery, “Sf. Ioan” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Sergiu Emil Georgescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marieta Costache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Negrei
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cornelia Nitipir
- Department II, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oncology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bianca Galateanu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Dell'Oglio P, van Willigen DM, van Oosterom MN, Bauwens K, Hensbergen F, Welling MM, van der Stadt H, Bekers E, Pool M, van Leeuwen P, Maurer T, van Leeuwen FWB, Buckle T. Feasibility of fluorescence imaging at microdosing using a hybrid PSMA tracer during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy in a large animal model. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:14. [PMID: 35254544 PMCID: PMC8901828 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the rise of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioguided surgery, which is performed using a microdosing regime, demand for visual target confirmation via fluorescence guidance is growing. While proven very effective for radiotracers, microdosing approaches the detection limit for fluorescence imaging. Thus, utility will be highly dependent on the tracer performance, the sensitivity of the fluorescence camera used, and the degree of background signal. Using a porcine model the ability to perform robot-assisted radical prostatectomy under fluorescence guidance using the bimodal or rather hybrid PSMA tracer (99mTc-EuK-(SO3)Cy5-mas3) was studied, while employing the tracer in a microdosing regime. This was followed by ex vivo evaluation in surgical specimens obtained from prostate cancer patients. Results T50% blood and T50% urine were reached at 85 min and 390 min, in, respectively, blood and urine. Surgical fluorescence imaging allowed visualization of the prostate gland based on the basal PSMA-expression in porcine prostate. Together, in vivo visualization of the prostate and urinary excretion suggests at least an interval of > 7 h between tracer administration and surgery. Confocal microscopy of excised tissues confirmed tracer uptake in kidney and prostate, which was confirmed with PSMA IHC. No fluorescence was detected in other excised tissues. Tumor identification based on ex vivo fluorescence imaging of human prostate cancer specimens correlated with PSMA IHC. Conclusion Intraoperative PSMA-mediated fluorescence imaging with a microdosing approach was shown to be feasible. Furthermore, EuK‐(SO3)Cy5‐mas3 allowed tumor identification in human prostate samples, underlining the translational potential of this novel tracer. Trial registration Approval for use of biological material for research purposes was provided by the Translational Research Board of the Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital (NKI-AvL) under reference IRBm19-273 (22/10/2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Dell'Oglio
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Danny M van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias N van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fabian Hensbergen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mick M Welling
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elise Bekers
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Pool
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van Leeuwen
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Martini-Klinik, Universit¨Atsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Yan X, Yang C, Yang M, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu C, Xu Q, Tu K, Zhang M. All-in-one theranostic nano-platform based on polymer nanoparticles for BRET/FRET-initiated bioluminescence imaging and synergistically anti-inflammatory therapy for ulcerative colitis. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:99. [PMID: 35236359 PMCID: PMC8889649 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC), a subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has evolved into a global burden given its high incidence. There is a clinical need to create better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to UC. Results We fabricated P-selectin binding peptide-decorated poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PBP-PLGA-NP) doped with two lipophilic dyes, DiL and DiD. Meanwhile, two low-toxic anti-inflammatory natural products (betulinic acid [BA] and resveratrol [Res]) were co-loaded in the PBP-PLGA-NP system. The BA/Res-loaded NPs had an average size of around 164.18 nm with a negative zeta potential (− 25.46 mV). Entrapment efficiencies of BA and Res were 74.54% and 52.33%, respectively, and presented a sustained drug release profile. Further, the resulting PBP-PLGA-NP could be internalized by RAW 264.7 cells and Colon-26 cells efficiently in vitro and preferentially localized to the inflamed colon. When intravenously injected with luminol, MPO-dependent bioluminescence imaging to visualize tissue inflammation was activated by the bioluminescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (BRET-FRET) effect. Importantly, injected NPs could remarkably alleviate UC symptoms yet maintain intestinal microbiota homeostasis without inducing organ injuries in the mice models of colitis. Conclusions This theranostic nano-platform not only serves as a therapeutic system for UC but also as a non-invasive and highly-sensitive approach for accurately visualizing inflammation. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01299-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangji Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, 30302, GA, USA
| | - Mei Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yana Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cui Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Kangsheng Tu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Mingzhen Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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van Leeuwen FW, van Willigen DM, Buckle T. Clinical application of fluorescent probes. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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16
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Buckle T, van Willigen DM, Welling MM, van Leeuwen FW. Pre-clinical development of fluorescent tracers and translation towards clinical application. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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17
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Zhang J, Liu W, Zhang P, Song Y, Ye Z, Fu H, Yang S, Qin Q, Guo Z, Zhang J. Polymers for Improved Delivery of Iodinated Contrast Agents. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 8:32-53. [PMID: 34851607 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (CT), as one of the most widely used noninvasive imaging modalities, can provide three-dimensional anatomic details with high resolution, which plays a key role in disease diagnosis and treatment assessment. However, although they are the most prevalent and FDA-approved contrast agents, iodinated water-soluble molecules still face some challenges in clinical applications, such as fast clearance, serious adverse effects, nonspecific distribution, and low sensitivity. Because of their high biocompatibility, tunable designability, controllable biodegradation, facile synthesis, and modification capability, the polymers have demonstrated great potential for efficient delivery of iodinated contrast agents (ICAs). Herein, we comprehensively summarized the applications of multifunctional polymeric materials for ICA delivery in terms of increasing circulation time, decreasing nephrotoxicity, and improving the specificity and sensitivity of ICAs for CT imaging. We mainly focused on various iodinated polymers from the aspects of preparation, functionalization, and application in medical diagnosis. Future perspectives for achieving better imaging and clinical translation are also discussed to motivate new technologies and solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Weiming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China.,Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Yanqiu Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Zhanpeng Ye
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Han Fu
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shicheng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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18
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Wendler T, van Leeuwen FWB, Navab N, van Oosterom MN. How molecular imaging will enable robotic precision surgery : The role of artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and navigation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:4201-4224. [PMID: 34185136 PMCID: PMC8566413 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is one of the pillars of precision surgery. Its applications range from early diagnostics to therapy planning, execution, and the accurate assessment of outcomes. In particular, molecular imaging solutions are in high demand in minimally invasive surgical strategies, such as the substantially increasing field of robotic surgery. This review aims at connecting the molecular imaging and nuclear medicine community to the rapidly expanding armory of surgical medical devices. Such devices entail technologies ranging from artificial intelligence and computer-aided visualization technologies (software) to innovative molecular imaging modalities and surgical navigation (hardware). We discuss technologies based on their role at different steps of the surgical workflow, i.e., from surgical decision and planning, over to target localization and excision guidance, all the way to (back table) surgical verification. This provides a glimpse of how innovations from the technology fields can realize an exciting future for the molecular imaging and surgery communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wendler
- Chair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures and Augmented Reality, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Orsi Academy, Melle, Belgium
| | - Nassir Navab
- Chair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures and Augmented Reality, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
- Chair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures Laboratory for Computational Sensing + Robotics, Johns-Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Matthias N. van Oosterom
- Department of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Zhang P, Ma X, Guo R, Ye Z, Fu H, Fu N, Guo Z, Zhang J, Zhang J. Organic Nanoplatforms for Iodinated Contrast Media in CT Imaging. Molecules 2021; 26:7063. [PMID: 34885645 PMCID: PMC8658861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging can produce three-dimensional and high-resolution anatomical images without invasion, which is extremely useful for disease diagnosis in the clinic. However, its applications are still severely limited by the intrinsic drawbacks of contrast media (mainly iodinated water-soluble molecules), such as rapid clearance, serious toxicity, inefficient targetability and poor sensitivity. Due to their high biocompatibility, flexibility in preparation and modification and simplicity for drug loading, organic nanoparticles (NPs), including liposomes, nanoemulsions, micelles, polymersomes, dendrimers, polymer conjugates and polymeric particles, have demonstrated tremendous potential for use in the efficient delivery of iodinated contrast media (ICMs). Herein, we comprehensively summarized the strategies and applications of organic NPs, especially polymer-based NPs, for the delivery of ICMs in CT imaging. We mainly focused on the use of polymeric nanoplatforms to prolong circulation time, reduce toxicity and enhance the targetability of ICMs. The emergence of some new technologies, such as theragnostic NPs and multimodal imaging and their clinical translations, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China; (P.Z.); (X.M.); (N.F.); (Z.G.)
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China; (P.Z.); (X.M.); (N.F.); (Z.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ruiwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhanpeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Han Fu
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;
| | - Naikuan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China; (P.Z.); (X.M.); (N.F.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China; (P.Z.); (X.M.); (N.F.); (Z.G.)
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.G.); (Z.Y.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300222, China; (P.Z.); (X.M.); (N.F.); (Z.G.)
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20
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Borlan R, Stoia D, Gaina L, Campu A, Marc G, Perde-Schrepler M, Silion M, Maniu D, Focsan M, Astilean S. Fluorescent Phthalocyanine-Encapsulated Bovine Serum Albumin Nanoparticles: Their Deployment as Therapeutic Agents in the NIR Region. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154679. [PMID: 34361832 PMCID: PMC8348139 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, researchers have aimed for new strategies to combat cancer by the implementation of nanotechnologies in biomedical applications. This work focuses on developing protein-based nanoparticles loaded with a newly synthesized NIR emitting and absorbing phthalocyanine dye, with photodynamic and photothermal properties. More precisely, we synthesized highly reproducible bovine serum albumin-based nanoparticles (75% particle yield) through a two-step protocol and successfully encapsulated the NIR active photosensitizer agent, achieving a good loading efficiency of 91%. Making use of molecular docking simulations, we confirm that the NIR photosensitizer is well protected within the nanoparticles, docked in site I of the albumin molecule. Encouraging results were obtained for our nanoparticles towards biomedical use, thanks to their negatively charged surface (−13.6 ± 0.5 mV) and hydrodynamic diameter (25.06 ± 0.62 nm), favorable for benefitting from the enhanced permeability and retention effect; moreover, the MTT viability assay upholds the good biocompatibility of our NIR active nanoparticles. Finally, upon irradiation with an NIR 785 nm laser, the dual phototherapeutic effect of our NIR fluorescent nanoparticles was highlighted by their excellent light-to-heat conversion performance (photothermal conversion efficiency 20%) and good photothermal and size stability, supporting their further implementation as fluorescent therapeutic agents in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Borlan
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.B.); (D.M.)
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Daria Stoia
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Luiza Gaina
- The Research Centre on Fundamental and Applied Heterochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Andreea Campu
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Gabriel Marc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, ‘Iuliu Hațieganu’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 41 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Maria Perde-Schrepler
- Department of Radiobiology and Tumor Biology, Oncology Institute Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Silion
- Physics of Polymers and Polymeric Materials, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dana Maniu
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.B.); (D.M.)
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Monica Focsan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.S.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (S.A.)
| | - Simion Astilean
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.B.); (D.M.)
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.S.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (S.A.)
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21
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Buckle T, Hensbergen AW, van Willigen DM, Bosse F, Bauwens K, Pelger RCM, van Leeuwen FWB. Intraoperative visualization of nerves using a myelin protein-zero specific fluorescent tracer. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:50. [PMID: 34052912 PMCID: PMC8164657 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgically induced nerve damage is a common but debilitating side effect in oncological surgery. With the aim to use fluorescence guidance to enable nerve-sparing interventions in future surgery, a fluorescent tracer was developed that specifically targets myelin protein zero (P0). RESULTS Truncated homotypic P0 protein-based peptide sequences were C-terminally functionalized with the far-red cyanine dye Cy5. The lead compound Cy5-P0101-125 was selected after initial solubility, (photo)physical and in vitro evaluation (including P0-blocking experiments). Cy5-P0101-125 (KD = 105 ± 17 nM) allowed in vitro and ex vivo P0-related staining. Furthermore, Cy5-P0101-125 enabled in vivo fluorescence imaging of the Sciatic nerve in mice after local intravenous (i.v.) administration and showed compatibility with a clinical fluorescence laparoscope during evaluation in a porcine model undergoing robot-assisted surgery. Biodistribution data revealed that i.v. administered [111In]In-DTPA-P0101-125 does not enter the central nervous system (CNS). CONCLUSION P0101-125 has proven to be a potent nerve-specific agent that is able to target P0/myelin under in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo conditions without posing a threat for CNS-related toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Albertus W Hensbergen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Bosse
- Neurologische Klinik, Heinrich-Heine University Dusseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Rob C M Pelger
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- ORSI Academy, Melle, Belgium.
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22
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Buckle T, van Alphen M, van Oosterom MN, van Beurden F, Heimburger N, van der Wal JE, van den Brekel M, van Leeuwen FWB, Karakullukcu B. Translation of c-Met Targeted Image-Guided Surgery Solutions in Oral Cavity Cancer-Initial Proof of Concept Data. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112674. [PMID: 34071623 PMCID: PMC8198422 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Translation of tumor-specific fluorescent tracers is crucial in the realization intraoperative of tumor identification during fluorescence-guided surgery. Ex vivo assessment of surgical specimens after topical tracer application has the potential to reveal the suitability of a potential surgical target prior to in vivo use in patients. In this study, the c-Met receptor was identified as a possible candidate for fluorescence-guided surgery in oral cavity cancer. Freshly excised tumor specimens obtained from ten patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were incubated with EMI-137 and imaged with a clinical-grade Cy5 prototype fluorescence camera. In total, 9/10 tumors were fluorescently illuminated, while non-visualization could be linked to non-superficial tumor localization. Immunohistochemistry revealed c-Met expression in all ten specimens. Tumor assessment was improved via video representation of the tumor-to-background ratio. Abstract Intraoperative tumor identification (extension/margins/metastases) via receptor-specific targeting is one of the ultimate promises of fluorescence-guided surgery. The translation of fluorescent tracers that enable tumor visualization forms a critical component in the realization of this approach. Ex vivo assessment of surgical specimens after topical tracer application could help provide an intermediate step between preclinical evaluation and first-in-human trials. Here, the suitability of the c-Met receptor as a potential surgical target in oral cavity cancer was explored via topical ex vivo application of the fluorescent tracer EMI-137. Freshly excised tumor specimens obtained from ten patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were incubated with EMI-137 and imaged with a clinical-grade Cy5 prototype fluorescence camera. In-house developed image processing software allowed video-rate assessment of the tumor-to-background ratio (TBR). Fluorescence imaging results were related to standard pathological evaluation and c-MET immunohistochemistry. After incubation with EMI-137, 9/10 tumors were fluorescently illuminated. Immunohistochemistry revealed c-Met expression in all ten specimens. Non-visualization could be linked to a more deeply situated lesion. Tumor assessment was improved via video representation of the TBR (median TBR: 2.5 (range 1.8–3.1)). Ex vivo evaluation of tumor specimens suggests that c-Met is a possible candidate for fluorescence-guided surgery in oral cavity cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.N.v.O.); (F.v.B.); (N.H.); (F.W.B.v.L.)
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.A.); (M.v.d.B.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maarten van Alphen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.A.); (M.v.d.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Matthias N. van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.N.v.O.); (F.v.B.); (N.H.); (F.W.B.v.L.)
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.A.); (M.v.d.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Florian van Beurden
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.N.v.O.); (F.v.B.); (N.H.); (F.W.B.v.L.)
| | - Nina Heimburger
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.N.v.O.); (F.v.B.); (N.H.); (F.W.B.v.L.)
| | - Jaqueline E. van der Wal
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Michiel van den Brekel
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.A.); (M.v.d.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (M.N.v.O.); (F.v.B.); (N.H.); (F.W.B.v.L.)
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.A.); (M.v.d.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Baris Karakullukcu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.v.A.); (M.v.d.B.); (B.K.)
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23
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Collamati F, van Oosterom MN, Hadaschik BA, Fragoso Costa P, Darr C. Beta radioguided surgery: towards routine implementation? THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF... 2021; 65:229-243. [PMID: 34014062 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.21.03358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In locally or locally advanced solid tumors, surgery still remains a fundamental treatment method. However, conservative resection is associated with high collateral damage and functional limitations of the patient. Furthermore, the presence of residual tumor tissue following conservative surgical treatment is currently a common cause of locally recurrent cancer or of distant metastases. Reliable intraoperative detection of small cancerous tissue would allow surgeons to selectively resect malignant areas: this task can be achieved by means of image-guided surgery, such as beta radioguided surgery (RGS). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION In this paper, a comprehensive review of beta RGS is given, starting from the physical principles that differentiate beta from gamma radiation, that has already its place in nuclear medicine current practice. Also, the recent clinical feasibility of using Cerenkov radiation is discussed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Despite being first proposed several decades ago, only in the last years a remarkable interest in beta RGS has been observed, probably driven by the diffusion of PET radio tracers. Today several different approaches are being pursued to assess the effectiveness of such a technique, including both beta+ and beta- emitting radiopharmaceuticals. CONCLUSIONS Beta RGS shows some peculiarities that can present it as a very promising complementary technique to standard procedures. Good results are being obtained in several tests, both ex vivo and in vivo. This might however be the time to initiate the trials to demonstrate the real clinical value of these technologies with seemingly clear potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias N van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Boris A Hadaschik
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Pedro Fragoso Costa
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher Darr
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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24
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Borlan R, Focsan M, Maniu D, Astilean S. Interventional NIR Fluorescence Imaging of Cancer: Review on Next Generation of Dye-Loaded Protein-Based Nanoparticles for Real-Time Feedback During Cancer Surgery. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2147-2171. [PMID: 33746512 PMCID: PMC7966856 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s295234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of fluorescence imaging technique for visualization, resection and treatment of cancerous tissue, attained plenty of interest once the promise of whole body and deep tissue near-infrared (NIR) imaging emerged. Why is NIR so desired? Contrast agents with optical properties in the NIR spectral range offer an upgrade for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, by dint of the deep tissue penetration of light in the NIR region of the electromagnetic spectrum, also known as the optical window in biological tissue. Thus, the development of a new generation of NIR emitting and absorbing contrast agents able to overcome the shortcomings of the basic free dye administration is absolutely essential. Several examples of nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully implemented as carriers for NIR dye molecules to the tumour site owing to their prolonged blood circulation time and enhanced accumulation within the tumour, as well as their increased fluorescence signal relative to free fluorophore emission and active targeting of cancerous cells. Due to their versatile structure, good biocompatibility and capability to efficiently load dyes and bioconjugate with diverse cancer-targeting ligands, the research area of developing protein-based NPs encapsulated or conjugated with NIR dyes is highly promising but still in its infancy. The current review aims to provide an up-to-date overview on the biocompatibility, specific targeting and versatility offered by protein-based NPs loaded with different classes of NIR dyes as next-generation fluorescent agents. Moreover, this study brings to light the newest and most relevant advances involving the state-of-the-art NIR fluorescent agents for the real-time interventional NIR fluorescence imaging of cancer in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Borlan
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.,Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Monica Focsan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Dana Maniu
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
| | - Simion Astilean
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania.,Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Cluj, Romania
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25
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Gorokhovatsky AY, Chepurnykh TV, Shcheglov AS, Mokrushina YA, Baranova MN, Goncharuk SA, Purtov KV, Petushkov VN, Rodionova NS, Yampolsky IV. The Recombinant Luciferase of the Fungus Neonothopanus nambi: Obtaining and Properties. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2021; 496:52-55. [PMID: 33689076 PMCID: PMC7946651 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672921010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A key component of the recently described bioluminescent system of higher fungi is luciferase, a new class of proteins. The properties of fungal luciferase and their relationship with its structure are interesting both for improving autoluminescent systems already created on its basis and for creating new ones. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand the spatial structure of this protein. We have performed heterologous expression and purification of Neonothopanus nambi luciferase, obtained a protein suitable for subsequent crystallization, and also determined some biochemical properties of the recombinant luciferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yu Gorokhovatsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Chepurnykh
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Shcheglov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu A Mokrushina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - M N Baranova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Goncharuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Purtov
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk, Russia.
| | - V N Petushkov
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - N S Rodionova
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - I V Yampolsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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26
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Lee YJ, Krishnan G, Nishio N, van den Berg NS, Lu G, Martin BA, van Keulen S, Colevas AD, Kapoor S, Liu JTC, Rosenthal EL. Intraoperative Fluorescence-Guided Surgery in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:529-534. [PMID: 33593036 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The rate of positive margins in head and neck cancers has remained stagnant over the past three decades and is consistently associated with poor overall survival. This suggests that significant improvements must be made intraoperatively to ensure negative margins. We discuss the important role of fluorescence imaging to guide surgical oncology in head and neck cancer. This review includes a general overview of the principles of fluorescence, available fluorophores used for fluorescence imaging, and specific clinical applications of fluorescence-guided surgery, as well as challenges and future directions in head and neck surgical oncology. Laryngoscope, 131:529-534, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
| | - Giri Krishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Naoki Nishio
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
| | - Nynke S van den Berg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
| | - Guolan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
| | - Brock A Martin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
| | - Stan van Keulen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
| | - Alexander D Colevas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
| | - Shrey Kapoor
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan T C Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, U.S.A.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, U.S.A.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, U.S.A
| | - Eben L Rosenthal
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
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27
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Sadasivam R, Packirisamy G, Shakya S, Goswami M. Non-invasive multimodal imaging of Diabetic Retinopathy: A survey on treatment methods and Nanotheranostics. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:166-181. [PMID: 33564616 PMCID: PMC7868006 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.56015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prominent microvascular complications of diabetes. It is one of the pre-eminent causes for vision impairment followed by blindness among the working-age population worldwide. The de facto cause for DR remains challenging, despite several efforts made to unveil the mechanism underlying the pathology of DR. There is quite less availability of the low cost pre-emptive theranostic imaging tools in terms of in-depth resolution, due to the multiple factors involved in the etiology of DR. This review work comprehensively explores the various reports and research works on all perspectives of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and its mechanism. It also discusses various advanced non-destructive imaging modalities, current, and future treatment approaches. Further, the application of various nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies used for the treatment of DR are also discussed. In a nutshell, the present review work bolsters the pursuit of the development of an advanced non-invasive optical imaging modal with a nano-theranostic approach for the future diagnosis and treatment of DR and its associated ocular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Sadasivam
- Divyadrishti Imaging Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
| | - Snehlata Shakya
- Department of clinical physiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Mayank Goswami
- Divyadrishti Imaging Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
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28
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Meershoek P, KleinJan GH, van Willigen DM, Bauwens KP, Spa SJ, van Beurden F, van Gennep EJ, Mottrie AM, van der Poel HG, Buckle T, van Leeuwen FWB, van Oosterom MN. Multi-wavelength fluorescence imaging with a da Vinci Firefly-a technical look behind the scenes. J Robot Surg 2020; 15:751-760. [PMID: 33179201 PMCID: PMC8423683 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-020-01170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The field of fluorescence-guided surgery builds on colored fluorescent tracers that have become available for different clinical applications. Combined use of complementary fluorescent emissions can allow visualization of different anatomical structures (e.g. tumor, lymphatics and nerves) in the same patient. With the aim to assess the requirements for multi-color fluorescence guidance under in vivo conditions, we thoroughly characterized two FDA-approved laparoscopic Firefly camera systems available on the da Vinci Si or da Vinci Xi surgical robot. In this process, we studied the cameras’ performance with respect to the photophysical properties of the FDA-approved dyes Fluorescein and ICG. Our findings indicate that multi-wavelength fluorescence imaging of Fluorescein and ICG is possible using clinical-grade fluorescence laparoscopes, but critical factors for success include the photophysical dye properties, imaging system performance and the amount of accumulated dye. When comparing the camera performance, the Xi system provided more effective excitation (adaptions in the light source) and higher detection sensitivity (chip-on-a-tip and/or enhanced image processing) for both Fluorescein and ICG. Both systems can readily be used for multi-wavelength fluorescence imaging of Fluorescein and ICG under clinically relevant conditions. With that, another step has been made towards the routine implementation of multi-wavelength image-guided surgery concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Meershoek
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H KleinJan
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Silvia J Spa
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Florian van Beurden
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J van Gennep
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre M Mottrie
- Orsi Academy, Melle, Belgium.,Department of Urology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Henk G van der Poel
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Orsi Academy, Melle, Belgium
| | - Matthias N van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. .,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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29
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van Beurden F, van Willigen DM, Vojnovic B, van Oosterom MN, Brouwer OR, der Poel HGV, Kobayashi H, van Leeuwen FWB, Buckle T. Multi-Wavelength Fluorescence in Image-Guided Surgery, Clinical Feasibility and Future Perspectives. Mol Imaging 2020; 19:1536012120962333. [PMID: 33125289 PMCID: PMC7607779 DOI: 10.1177/1536012120962333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rise of fluorescence-guided surgery, it has become evident that different types of fluorescence signals can provide value in the surgical setting. Hereby a different range of targets have been pursued in a great variety of surgical indications. One of the future challenges lies in combining complementary fluorescent readouts during one and the same surgical procedure, so-called multi-wavelength fluorescence guidance. In this review we summarize the current clinical state-of-the-art in multi-wavelength fluorescence guidance, basic technical concepts, possible future extensions of existing clinical indications and impact that the technology can bring to clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian van Beurden
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 4501Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, 1228The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 4501Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Borivoj Vojnovic
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, 6396University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias N van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 4501Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, 1228The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar R Brouwer
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 4501Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, 1228The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk G van der Poel
- Department of Urology, 1228The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 2511National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 4501Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, 1228The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Orsi Academy, Melle, Belgium
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, 4501Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, 1228The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Dell'Oglio P, de Vries HM, Mazzone E, KleinJan GH, Donswijk ML, van der Poel HG, Horenblas S, van Leeuwen FWB, Brouwer OR. Hybrid Indocyanine Green- 99mTc-nanocolloid for Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography and Combined Radio- and Fluorescence-guided Sentinel Node Biopsy in Penile Cancer: Results of 740 Inguinal Basins Assessed at a Single Institution. Eur Urol 2020; 78:865-872. [PMID: 32950298 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sentinel node (SN) biopsy in penile cancer (PeCa) is typically performed using 99mTc-nanocolloid and blue dye. Recent reports suggested that the hybrid (radioactive and fluorescent) tracer indocyanine green (ICG)-99mTc-nanocolloid may improve intraoperative optical SN identification. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to confirm the reliability of ICG-99mTc-nanocolloid and to assess whether blue dye is still of added value. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 400 ≥T1G2N0 PeCa patients were staged with SN biopsy at a single European centre. SNs were preoperatively identified with lymphoscintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography. Intraoperatively, SNs were detected via gamma tracing, blue staining, and fluorescence imaging. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS All patients (n=400, 740 groins) received ICG-99mTc-nanocolloid. Intraoperative SN identification rates were retrospectively evaluated. In those patients who received ICG-99mTc-nanocolloid and blue dye (n=266, 492 groins), SN visualisation rates were compared using the McNemar test. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS In total, 740 groins were assessed. No tracer-related (allergic) reactions were reported. All preoperatively defined SNs (n=1163) were localised intraoperatively. Of all excised SNs, 98% were detectable with gamma probe and 96% were visible with fluorescence imaging. In the analysis of the patients who received ICG-99mTc-nanocolloid and blue dye, fluorescence imaging yielded a 39% higher SN detection rate than blue dye (95% confidence interval 36-43%, p<0.001). Of the SNs that were tumour positive, 100% were intraoperatively visualised by fluorescence imaging, whereas merely 84% of the positive nodes stained blue. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that ICG-99mTc-nanocolloid is a reliable SN tracer for PeCa that significantly improves optical SN detection over blue dye. PATIENT SUMMARY Hybrid indocyanine green (ICG)-99mTc-nanocolloid is a safe and reliable sentinel node (SN) tracer, as established in this large series of 400 penile cancer patients (740 groins). It enables accurate pre- and intraoperative SN identification and significantly improves SN detection rate compared with blue dye, without staining the surgical field or the need for an additional injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Dell'Oglio
- Department of Urology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy; Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hielke M de Vries
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elio Mazzone
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gijs H KleinJan
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten L Donswijk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk G van der Poel
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Horenblas
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar R Brouwer
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Buckle T, van der Wal S, van Willigen DM, Aalderink G, KleinJan GH, van Leeuwen FW. Fluorescence background quenching as a means to increase Signal to Background ratio - a proof of concept during Nerve Imaging. Theranostics 2020; 10:9890-9898. [PMID: 32863966 PMCID: PMC7449926 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adequate signal to background ratios are critical for the implementation of fluorescence-guided surgery technologies. While local tracer administrations help to reduce the chance of systemic side effects, reduced spatial migration and non-specific tracer diffusion can impair the discrimination between the tissue of interest and the background. To combat background signals associated with local tracer administration, we explored a pretargeting concept aimed at quenching non-specific fluorescence signals. The efficacy of this concept was evaluated in an in vivo neuronal tracing set-up. Methods: Neuronal tracing was achieved using a wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) lectin. functionalized with an azide-containing Cy5 dye (N3-Cy5-WGA). A Cy7 quencher dye (Cy7-DBCO) was subsequently used to yield Cy7-Cy5-WGA, a compound wherein the Cy5 emission is quenched by Förster resonance energy transfer to Cy7. The photophysical properties of N3-Cy5-WGA and Cy7-Cy5-WGA were evaluated together with deactivation kinetics in situ, in vitro (Schwannoma cell culture), ex vivo (muscle tissue from mice; used for dose optimization), and in vivo (nervus ischiadicus in THY-1 YFP mice). Results:In situ, conjugation of Cy7-DBCO to N3-Cy5-WGA resulted in >90% reduction of the Cy5 fluorescence signal intensity at 30 minutes after addition of the quencher. In cells, pretargeting with the N3-Cy5-WGA lectin yielded membranous staining, which could efficiently be deactivated by Cy7-DBCO over the course of 30 minutes (91% Cy5 signal decrease). In ex vivo muscle tissue, administration of Cy7-DBCO at the site where N3-Cy5-WGA was injected induced 80-90% quenching of the Cy5-related signal after 10-20 minutes, while the Cy7-related signal remained stable over time. In vivo,Cy7-DBCO effectively quenched the non-specific background signal up to 73% within 5 minutes, resulting in a 50% increase in the signal-to-background ratio between the nerve and injection site. Conclusion: The presented pretargeted fluorescence-quenching technology allowed fast and effective reduction of the background signal at the injection site, while preserving in vivo nerve visualization. While this proof-of-principle study was focused on imaging of nerves using a fluorescent WGA-lectin, the same concept could in the future also apply to applications such as sentinel node imaging.
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Hoog C, Koulibaly PM, Dejean C, Desdoits T, Humbert O, Barranger E, Darcourt J. Comparison of 3 γ-probes for simultaneous iodine-125-seed and technetium-99m breast cancer surgery: NEMA standard characterisation with extended processing. EJNMMI Phys 2020; 7:37. [PMID: 32504305 PMCID: PMC7275111 DOI: 10.1186/s40658-020-00299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Iodine-125 (125I) seeds can be used as landmarks to locate non-palpable breast lesions instead of implanting metal wires. This relatively new technique requires a nuclear probe usually used for technetium-99m (99mTc) sentinel node detection. This study aimed to compare the performances of different probes and valid the feasibility of this technique, especially in the case of simultaneous 125I-seed and 99mTc breast cancer surgery. Methods Three probes with different features (SOE-3211, SOE-3214 and GammaSUP-II) were characterised according to the NEMA NU3-2004 standards for a 99mTc source and a 125I-seed. Several tests such as sensitivity, linearity or spatial resolution allowed an objective comparison of their performances. NEMA testing was extended to work on signals discrimination in case of simultaneous detection of two different sources (innovative figure of merit “Shift Index”) and to assess the 99mTc scatter fraction, a useful parameter for the improvement of the probes in terms of detector materials and electronic system. Results Although the GammaSUP-II probe saturated at a lower activity (1.6 MBq at 10 mm depth), it allowed better sensitivity and spatial resolution at the different NEMA tests performed with the 99mTc source (7865 cps/MBq and 15 mm FWHM at 10 mm depth). With the 125I-seed, the GammaSUP-II was the most sensitive probe (3106 cps/MBq at 10 mm depth) and the SOE-3211 probe had the best spatial resolution (FWHM 20 mm at 10 mm depth). The SOE-3214 probe was more efficient on discriminating 125I from 99mTc in case of simultaneous detection. The SOE probes were more efficient concerning 99mTc scatter fraction assessments. The SOE-3211 probe, with overall polyvalent performances, seemed to be an interesting trade-off for detection of both 125I and 99mTc. Conclusion The three probes showed heterogeneous performances but were all suitable for simultaneous 99mTc sentinel node and 125I-seed detection. This study provides an objective and innovative methodology to compare probes performances and then choose the best trade-off regarding their expected use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hoog
- Department of diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine, Antoine Lacassagne Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université Nice-Côte d'Azur, 33 Avenue de Valombrose, 06189, Nice, France.
| | - Pierre-Malick Koulibaly
- Department of diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine, Antoine Lacassagne Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université Nice-Côte d'Azur, 33 Avenue de Valombrose, 06189, Nice, France
| | - Catherine Dejean
- Department of worker radiation protection, Antoine Lacassagne Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université Nice-Côte d'Azur, 33 Avenue de Valombrose, 06189, Nice, France
| | - Tom Desdoits
- Department of diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine, Antoine Lacassagne Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université Nice-Côte d'Azur, 33 Avenue de Valombrose, 06189, Nice, France
| | - Olivier Humbert
- Department of diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine, Antoine Lacassagne Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université Nice-Côte d'Azur, 33 Avenue de Valombrose, 06189, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Barranger
- Department of oncological, gynaecological and breast surgery, Antoine Lacassagne Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université Nice-Côte d'Azur, 33 Avenue de Valombrose, 06189, Nice, France
| | - Jacques Darcourt
- Department of diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine, Antoine Lacassagne Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université Nice-Côte d'Azur, 33 Avenue de Valombrose, 06189, Nice, France
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Mitchell GS, Lloyd PNT, Cherry SR. Cerenkov luminescence and PET imaging of 90Y: capabilities and limitations in small animal applications. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:065006. [PMID: 32045899 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab7502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo sensitivity limits and quantification performance of Cerenkov luminescence imaging have been studied using a tissue-like mouse phantom and 90Y. For a small, 9 mm deep target in the phantom, with no background activity present, the Cerenkov luminescence 90Y detection limit determined from contrast-to-noise ratios is 10 nCi for a 2 min exposure with a sensitive CCD camera and no filters. For quantitative performance, the values extracted from regions of interest on the images are linear within 5% of a straight line fit versus target activity for target activity of 70 nCi and above. The small branching ratio to decay with positron emission for 90Y also permits low-statistics PET imaging of the radionuclide. For PET imaging of the same phantom, with a small animal LSO detector-based scanner, the 90Y detection limit is approximately 3 orders of magnitude higher at 10 µCi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Mitchell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
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Hensbergen A, van Willigen DM, van Beurden F, van Leeuwen PJ, Buckle T, Schottelius M, Maurer T, Wester HJ, van Leeuwen FWB. Image-Guided Surgery: Are We Getting the Most Out of Small-Molecule Prostate-Specific-Membrane-Antigen-Targeted Tracers? Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:375-395. [PMID: 31855410 PMCID: PMC7033908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Expressed on virtually all prostate cancers and their metastases, the transmembrane protein prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) provides a valuable target for the imaging of prostate cancer. Not only does PSMA provide a target for noninvasive diagnostic imaging, e.g., PSMA-positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET), it can also be used to guide surgical resections of PSMA-positive lesions. The latter characteristic has led to the development of a plethora of PSMA-targeted tracers, i.e., radiolabeled, fluorescent, or hybrid. With image-guided surgery applications in mind, this review discusses these compounds based on clinical need. Here, the focus is on the chemical aspects (e.g., imaging label, spacer moiety, and targeting vector) and their impact on in vitro and in vivo tracer characteristics (e.g., affinity, tumor uptake, and clearance pattern).
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus
Wijnand Hensbergen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M. van Willigen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Florian van Beurden
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni
van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J. van Leeuwen
- Department
of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni
van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni
van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Translational
Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre
Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Maurer
- Department
of Urology and Martini-Klinik, Universitätsklinikum
Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Pharmazeutische
Radiochemie, Technische Universität
München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni
van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Oosterom MN, Meershoek P, Welling MM, Pinto F, Matthies P, Simon H, Wendler T, Navab N, van de Velde CJH, van der Poel HG, van Leeuwen FWB. Extending the Hybrid Surgical Guidance Concept With Freehand Fluorescence Tomography. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:226-235. [PMID: 31247546 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2924254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Within image-guided surgery, 'hybrid' guidance technologies have been used to integrate the complementary features of radioactive guidance and fluorescence guidance. Here, we explore how the generation of a novel freehand fluorescence (fhFluo) imaging approach complements freehand SPECT (fhSPECT) in a hybrid setup. Near-infrared optical tracking was used to register the position and the orientation of a hybrid opto-nuclear detection probe while recording its readings. Dedicated look-up table models were used for 3D reconstruction. In phantom and excised tissue settings (i.e., flat-surface human skin explants), fhSPECT and fhFluo were investigated for image resolution and in-tissue signal penetration. Finally, the combined potential of these freehand technologies was evaluated on prostate and lymph node specimens of prostate cancer patients receiving prostatectomy and sentinel lymph node dissection (tracers: indocyanine green (ICG) +99m Tc-nanocolloid or ICG-99mTc-nanocolloid). After hardware and software integration, the hybrid setup created 3D nuclear and fluorescence tomography scans. The imaging resolution of fhFluo (1 mm) was superior to that of fhSPECT (6 mm). Fluorescence modalities were confined to a maximum depth of 0.5 cm, while nuclear modalities were usable at all evaluated depths (<2 cm). Both fhSPECT and fhFluo enabled augmented- and virtual-reality navigation toward segmented image hotspots, including relative hotspot quantification with an accuracy of 3.9% and 4.1%. Imaging in surgical specimens confirmed these trends (fhSPECT: in-depth detectability, low resolution, and fhFluo: superior resolution, superficial detectability). Overall, when radioactive and fluorescent tracer signatures are used, fhFluo has complementary value to fhSPECT. Combined the freehand technologies render a unique hybrid imaging and navigation modality.
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van Leeuwen FWB, Schottelius M, Brouwer OR, Vidal-Sicart S, Achilefu S, Klode J, Wester HJ, Buckle T. Trending: Radioactive and Fluorescent Bimodal/Hybrid Tracers as Multiplexing Solutions for Surgical Guidance. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:13-19. [PMID: 31712326 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.228684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
By contributing to noninvasive molecular imaging and radioguided surgery, nuclear medicine has been instrumental in the realization of precision medicine. During the last decade, it has also become apparent that nuclear medicine (e.g., in the form of bimodal/hybrid tracers) can help to empower fluorescence-guided surgery. More specifically, when using hybrid tracers, lesions can be noninvasively identified and localized with a high sensitivity and precision (guided by the radioisotope) and ultimately resected under real-time optical guidance (fluorescent dye). This topical review discusses early clinical successes, preclinical directions, and key aspects that could have an impact on the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands .,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Radiopharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oscar R Brouwer
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sergi Vidal-Sicart
- Diagnostic Imaging Institute, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Optical Radiology Lab, Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Joachim Klode
- Clinic for Dermatology, University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans-Jurgen Wester
- Diagnostic Imaging Institute, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Meershoek P, Buckle T, van Oosterom MN, KleinJan GH, van der Poel HG, van Leeuwen FW. Can Intraoperative Fluorescence Imaging Identify All Lesions While the Road Map Created by Preoperative Nuclear Imaging Is Masked? J Nucl Med 2019; 61:834-841. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.235234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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FÖrster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors for biological applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 138:111314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hensbergen A, van Willigen DM, Welling MM, van der Wijk FA, de Korne CM, van Oosterom MN, Schottelius M, Wester HJ, Buckle T, van Leeuwen FWB. Click Chemistry in the Design and Production of Hybrid Tracers. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12438-12448. [PMID: 31460363 PMCID: PMC6682143 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid tracers containing both fluorescent and radioactive imaging labels have demonstrated clinical potential during sentinel lymph node procedures. To combine these two labels on a single targeting vector that allows tumor-targeted imaging, end-labeling strategies are often applied. For αvβ3-integrin-targeting hybrid tracers, providing an excellent model for evaluating tracer development strategies, end-labeling-based synthesis provides a rather cumbersome synthesis strategy. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the use of heterobifunctional cyanine dyes in a click-chemistry-based synthesis strategy for RGD-based hybrid tracers. The triazole-based hybrid tracers DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] were obtained in fewer steps than DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK] and had partition coefficients of log P (o/w) = -2.55 ± 0.10, -1.45 ± 0.03, and -2.67 ± 0.12, respectively. Both tracers were chemically stable, and the brightnesses of DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] were, respectively, 23 × 103 and 40 × 103 M-1 cm-1; lower than that of the reference tracer DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK] (50 × 103 M-1 cm-1). Assessment of serum protein binding revealed no statistically significant difference (44 ± 2 and 40 ± 2% bound for DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK], respectively; 36 ± 5% bound for DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK]; p > 0.05). DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] (K D = 17.5 ± 6.0) had a statistically significantly higher affinity than the reference compound DTPA-Lys(Cy5(SO 3 )methyl)-Cys-c[RGDyK] (K D = 30.3 ± 5.7; p < 0.0001), but DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] had a statistically significantly lower affinity (K D = 76.5 ± 18.3 nM; p < 0.0001). Both [ 111 In]DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and [ 111 In]DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] enabled in vivo visualization of the 4T1 tumor via fluorescence and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. Biodistribution data (% ID/g) revealed a significant increase in nonspecific uptake in the kidney, liver, and muscle for both [ 111 In]DTPA.DBCO.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK] and [ 111 In]DTPA.BCN.N 3 (SO 3 )-Cy5-c[RGDyK]. As a result of the higher background activity, the tumor-to-background ratio of the click-labeled RGD analogues was twofold lower compared to the end-labeled reference compound. The use of click chemistry labeling did not yield a pronounced negative effect on serum protein binding, in vitro stability, and receptor affinity; and tumors could still be visualized using SPECT and fluorescence imaging. However, quantitative in vivo biodistribution data suggest that the triazole and strained cyclooctyne moieties associated with this type of click chemistry negatively influence the pharmacokinetics of RGD peptides. Nevertheless, the design might still hold promise for other targets/targeting moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus
W. Hensbergen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M. van Willigen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Mick M. Welling
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Felicia A. van der Wijk
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Clarize M. de Korne
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias N. van Oosterom
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Margret Schottelius
- Pharmaceutical
Radiochemistry, Technische Universität
München, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Pharmaceutical
Radiochemistry, Technische Universität
München, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Tessa Buckle
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W. B. van Leeuwen
- Interventional
Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
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Van Oosterom MN, Rietbergen DDD, Welling MM, Van Der Poel HG, Maurer T, Van Leeuwen FWB. Recent advances in nuclear and hybrid detection modalities for image-guided surgery. Expert Rev Med Devices 2019; 16:711-734. [PMID: 31287715 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2019.1642104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Radioguided surgery is an ever-evolving part of nuclear medicine. In fact, this nuclear medicine sub-discipline actively bridges non-invasive molecular imaging with surgical care. Next to relying on the availability of radio- and bimodal-tracers, the success of radioguided surgery is for a large part dependent on the imaging modalities and imaging concepts available for the surgical setting. With this review, we have aimed to provide a comprehensive update of the most recent advances in the field. Areas covered: We have made an attempt to cover all aspects of radioguided surgery: 1) the use of radioisotopes that emit γ, β+, and/or β- radiation, 2) hardware developments ranging from probes to 2D cameras and even the use of advanced 3D interventional imaging solutions, and 3) multiplexing solutions such as dual-isotope detection or combined radionuclear and optical detection. Expert opinion: Technical refinements in the field of radioguided surgery should continue to focus on supporting its implementation in the increasingly complex minimally invasive surgical setting, e.g. by accommodating robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. In addition, hybrid concepts that integrate the use of radioisotopes with other image-guided surgery modalities such as fluorescence or ultrasound are likely to expand in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias N Van Oosterom
- a Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , the Netherlands.,b Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Daphne D D Rietbergen
- a Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , the Netherlands.,c Department of Radiology, Section Nuclear Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , the Netherlands
| | - Mick M Welling
- a Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , the Netherlands
| | - Henk G Van Der Poel
- b Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital , Amsterdam , the Netherlands
| | - Tobias Maurer
- d Martini-Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Fijs W B Van Leeuwen
- a Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , the Netherlands.,b Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital , Amsterdam , the Netherlands.,e Orsi Academy , Melle , Belgium
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41
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Venkatesan P, Cerón M, Pérez‐Gutiérrez E, Castillo AE, Thamotharan S, Robles F, Siegler MA, Percino MJ. Experimental and Theoretical Insights into the Optical Properties and Intermolecular Interactions in Push-Pull Bromide Salts. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:483-496. [PMID: 31019874 PMCID: PMC6470380 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical insights into the nature of intermolecular interactions and their effect on optical properties of 1-allyl-4-(1-cyano-2-(4-dialkylaminophenyl)vinyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide salts (I and II) are reported. A comparison of optical properties in solution and in the solid-state of the salts (I and II) with their precursors (Ia and IIa) is made. The experimental absorption maxima (λmax) in CHCl3 is at 528 nm for I and at 542 nm for II, and a strong bathochromic shift of ∼110 nm is observed for salts I and II compared with their precursors. The absorption bands in solid-state at ∼627 nm for I and at ∼615 nm for II that are assigned to charge transfer (CT) effect. The optical properties and single crystal structural features of I and II are explored by experimental and computational tools. The calculated λmax and the CT are in good agreement with the experimental results. The intermolecular interactions existing in the crystal structures and their energies are quantified for various dimers by PIXEL, QTAIM and DFT approaches. Three types of interactions, (i) the cation⋅⋅⋅cation interactions, (ii) cation⋅⋅⋅anion interactions and (iii) anion⋅⋅⋅anion interactions are observed. The cationic moiety is mainly destabilized by C-H⋅⋅⋅N/π and π⋅⋅⋅π interactions whereas the cation and anion moiety is predominantly stabilized by strong C-H⋅⋅⋅Br- interactions in both structures. The existence of charge transfer between cation and anion moieties in these structures is established through NBO analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Venkatesan
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, Instituto de CienciasBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Val3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50San Pedro Zacachimalpa, PueMéxico
| | - Margarita Cerón
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, Instituto de CienciasBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Val3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50San Pedro Zacachimalpa, PueMéxico
| | - Enrique Pérez‐Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, Instituto de CienciasBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Val3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50San Pedro Zacachimalpa, PueMéxico
| | - Armando E. Castillo
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, Instituto de CienciasBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Val3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50San Pedro Zacachimalpa, PueMéxico
| | - Subbiah Thamotharan
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Bioinfor- matics, School of Chemical and BiotechnologySASTRA Deemed UniversityThanjavur613 401India
| | - Fernando Robles
- Laboratorio Nacional del Sureste de MéxicoBUAP, Blvd., Valsequillo S/N esquina Blvd. Municipio Libre, C.P.72500PueblaMéxico
| | - Maxime A. Siegler
- Department of ChemistryJohns Hopkins University, New Chemistry Building, 3400N.Charles St. Baltimore, MD21218USA
| | - M. Judith Percino
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, Instituto de CienciasBenemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Val3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50San Pedro Zacachimalpa, PueMéxico
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42
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Abstract
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare malignant tumor with a neuroendocrine phenotype. The authors report a case of MCC of the left cheek region in an 85-year-old Caucasian woman who also received sentinel node biopsy using both Technectium-99m-labeled (99mTc) lymphoscintigraphy and indocyanine green lymphography.
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van Leeuwen FWB, Winter A, van Der Poel HG, Eiber M, Suardi N, Graefen M, Wawroschek F, Maurer T. Technologies for image-guided surgery for managing lymphatic metastases in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16:159-171. [DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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44
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Goswami M, Wang X, Zhang P, Xiao W, Karlen SJ, Li Y, Zawadzki RJ, Burns ME, Lam KS, Pugh EN. Novel window for cancer nanotheranostics: non-invasive ocular assessments of tumor growth and nanotherapeutic treatment efficacy in vivo. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:151-166. [PMID: 30775090 PMCID: PMC6363190 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In cancer research there is a fundamental need for animal models that allow the in vivo longitudinal visualization and quantification of tumor development, nanotherapeutic delivery, the tumor microenvironment including blood vessels, macrophages, fibroblasts, immune cells, and extracellular matrix, and the tissue response to treatment. To address this need, we developed a novel mouse ocular xenograft model. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing human glioblastoma cells (between 500 and 10,000) were implanted into the subretinal space of immunodeficient mice (56 eyes). The resultant xenografts were imaged in vivo non-invasively with combined fluorescence scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and volumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT) for a period up to several months. Most xenografts exhibited a latent phase followed by a stable or rapidly increasing volume, but about 1/3 underwent spontaneous remission. After prescribed growth, a population of tumors was treated with intravenously delivered doxorubicin-containing porphyrin and cholic acid-based nanoparticles ("nanodox"). Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) emission (doxorubicin → porphyrin) was used to localize nanodox in the xenografts, and 690 nm light exposure to activate it. Such photo-nanotherapy was highly effective in reducing tumor volume. Histopathology and flow cytometry revealed CD4 + and CD8 + immune cell infiltration of xenografts. Overall, the ocular model shows potential for examining the relationships between neoplastic growth, neovascularization and other features of the immune microenvironment, and for evaluating treatment response longitudinally in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Goswami
- EyePod Small Animal Ocular Imaging Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Currently with Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Xinlei Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- EyePod Small Animal Ocular Imaging Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Wenwu Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Sarah J Karlen
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yuanpei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Robert J Zawadzki
- EyePod Small Animal Ocular Imaging Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Vision Science and Advanced Retinal Imaging Laboratory (VSRI) Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marie E Burns
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Edward N Pugh
- EyePod Small Animal Ocular Imaging Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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45
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Vidal-Sicart S, Vera DR, Valdés Olmos RA. Next generation of radiotracers for sentinel lymph node biopsy: What is still necessary to establish new imaging paradigms? Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2018; 37:373-379. [PMID: 30409688 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is now the standard of care for regional staging in several solid tumors. The interstitial administration of a radiotracer around the primary tumor provide the possibility to sequentially obtain images with a gamma camera and visualize lymphatic mapping and the SLN. There is, however, a large geographical variability in those radiotracers and nanocolloids ranging from 15-100nm which are most widely employed in Europe, while filtered and unfiltered 99mTc-sulfur colloid (range 20-1000nm) is usually used in the USA with different drawbacks in its use. The new radiotracer 99mTc-Tilmanocept, designed specifically for the identification of SLNs and recently becoming commercially available in USA and Europe, appears to have the potency to overcome the shortcomings described for the conventional radiotracers used until now for SLN biopsy and at the same time to transform current imaging paradigms. After delineating the challenges for the next generation of radiotracers, this paper discusses the properties of 99mTc-Tilmanocept, its validation process for SLN biopsy and its emerging clinical applications in various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vidal-Sicart
- Servei de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España; Servei de Medicina Nuclear, IMI, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, España.
| | - D R Vera
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, California, Estados Unidos
| | - R A Valdés Olmos
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory and Nuclear Medicine Section, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Países Bajos
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46
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Vidal-Sicart S, Vera DR, Olmos RAV. Next generation of radiotracers for sentinel lymph node biopsy: What is still necessary to establish new imaging paradigms? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Joshi BP, Wang TD. Targeted Optical Imaging Agents in Cancer: Focus on Clinical Applications. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:2015237. [PMID: 30224903 PMCID: PMC6129851 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2015237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging is an emerging strategy for in vivo visualization of cancer over time based on biological mechanisms of disease activity. Optical imaging methods offer a number of advantages for real-time cancer detection, particularly in the epithelium of hollow organs and ducts, by using a broad spectral range of light that spans from visible to near-infrared. Targeted ligands are being developed for improved molecular specificity. These platforms include small molecule, peptide, affibody, activatable probes, lectin, and antibody. Fluorescence labeling is used to provide high image contrast. This emerging methodology is clinically useful for early cancer detection by identifying and localizing suspicious lesions that may not otherwise be seen and serves as a guide for tissue biopsy and surgical resection. Visualizing molecular expression patterns may also be useful to determine the best choice of therapy and to monitor efficacy. A number of these imaging agents are overcoming key challenges for clinical translation and are being validated in vivo for a wide range of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu P. Joshi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 1722, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas D. Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, BSRB 1722, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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48
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Xiao Q, Chen T, Chen S. Fluorescent contrast agents for tumor surgery. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1577-1585. [PMID: 30186374 PMCID: PMC6122374 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of cases of mortality worldwide. The most effective method to cure solid tumors is surgery. Every year, >50% of cancer patients receive surgery to remove solid tumors. Surgery may increase the cure rate of most solid tumors by 4–11 fold. Surgery has many challenges, including identifying small lesions, locating metastases and confirming complete tumor removal. Fluorescence guidance describes a new approach to improve surgical accuracy. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging allows for real-time early diagnosis and intraoperative imaging of lesion tissue. The results of previous preclinical studies in the field of near-infrared fluorescence imaging are promising. This review provides examples introducing the three kinds of fluorescent dyes: The passive fluorescent dye indocyanine green, which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in the USA, the fluorescent prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid, a porphyrin precursor in the heme synthesis, and biomarker-targeted fluorescent dyes, which allow conjugation to different target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xiao
- School of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, P.R. China
| | - Tianming Chen
- Department of Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Clinical use of an opto-nuclear probe for hybrid sentinel node biopsy guidance: first results. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2018; 14:409-416. [PMID: 29968113 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-018-1816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guidelines advocate the use of combined detection techniques to achieve optimal results for sentinel node (SN) biopsy. The fluorescent and radioactive (dual-) tracer ICG-99mTc-nanocolloid has been shown to facilitate SN biopsy in several indications. It was reported that an opto-nuclear probe permitted the detection of near-infrared fluorescence and gamma-rays. The aim of the current study was to evaluate this device in a large patient group and to test it in both open and laparoscopic surgery implications. METHODS Thirty-three patients scheduled for SN biopsy with the dual-tracer were retrospectively analyzed. Pre-operative lymphoscintigraphy was performed in all patients; in 18 patients (55%), a SPECT/CT scan was also performed. Radioactive and fluorescent signatures in the SNs were assessed in vivo and ex vivo using the opto-nuclear probe. RESULTS One or more SNs were identified in all patients (identification rate 100%). Planar lymphoscintigraphic images revealed 95 hot spots that were considered as SNs. This number increased to 103 SNs when SPECT/CT was used. During surgery, 106 SNs were excised. In vivo, the fluorescence mode of the opto-nuclear probe was able to locate 79 SNs (74.5%). When the gamma-ray detection option of the same probe was used, this number increased to 99 SNs (93.3%). Ex vivo analysis revealed fluorescence in 93.3% of the excised nodes and radioactivity in 95.2%. CONCLUSIONS This study underlines the feasibility of using the dual-tracer/opto-nuclear probe combination for SN resections. The use of the opto-nuclear technology has been extended to laparoscopic surgery. This study also underlines the fluorescence tracing can complement traditional radio-tracing approaches.
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50
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Meershoek P, KleinJan GH, van Oosterom MN, Wit EMK, van Willigen DM, Bauwens KP, van Gennep EJ, Mottrie AM, van der Poel HG, van Leeuwen FWB. Multispectral-Fluorescence Imaging as a Tool to Separate Healthy from Disease-Related Lymphatic Anatomy During Robot-Assisted Laparoscopy. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1757-1760. [PMID: 29777008 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.211888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To reduce the invasive nature of extended pelvic lymph node (LN) dissections in prostate cancer, we have developed a multispectral-fluorescence guidance approach that enables discrimination between prostate-draining LNs and lower-limb-draining LNs. Methods: In 5 pigs, multispectral-fluorescence guidance was used on da Vinci Si and da Vinci Xi robots. The animals received fluorescein into the lower limb and indocyanine green-nanocolloid into the prostate. Results: Fluorescein was detected in 29 LNs (average of 3.6 LNs/template), and indocyanine green-nanocolloid was detected in 12 LNs (average of 1.2 LNs/template). Signal intensities appeared equal for both dyes, and no visual overlap in lymphatic drainage patterns was observed. Furthermore, fluorescein supported both the identification of leakage from damaged lymphatic structures and the identification of ureters. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the differences in lymphatic flow pattern between the prostate and lower limbs could be intraoperatively distinguished using multispectral-fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Meershoek
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs H KleinJan
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias N van Oosterom
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther M K Wit
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danny M van Willigen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik J van Gennep
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; and
| | - Alexandre M Mottrie
- Orsi Academy, Melle, Belgium.,Department of Urology, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Hospital, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Henk G van der Poel
- Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fijs W B van Leeuwen
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands .,Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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