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Carrino JA, Ibad H, Lin Y, Ghotbi E, Klein J, Demehri S, Del Grande F, Bogner E, Boesen MP, Siewerdsen JH. CT in musculoskeletal imaging: still helpful and for what? Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:1711-1725. [PMID: 38969781 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-024-04737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is a common modality employed for musculoskeletal imaging. Conventional CT techniques are useful for the assessment of trauma in detection, characterization and surgical planning of complex fractures. CT arthrography can depict internal derangement lesions and impact medical decision making of orthopedic providers. In oncology, CT can have a role in the characterization of bone tumors and may elucidate soft tissue mineralization patterns. Several advances in CT technology have led to a variety of acquisition techniques with distinct clinical applications. These include four-dimensional CT, which allows examination of joints during motion; cone-beam CT, which allows examination during physiological weight-bearing conditions; dual-energy CT, which allows material decomposition useful in musculoskeletal deposition disorders (e.g., gout) and bone marrow edema detection; and photon-counting CT, which provides increased spatial resolution, decreased radiation, and material decomposition compared to standard multi-detector CT systems due to its ability to directly translate X-ray photon energies into electrical signals. Advanced acquisition techniques provide higher spatial resolution scans capable of enhanced bony microarchitecture and bone mineral density assessment. Together, these CT acquisition techniques will continue to play a substantial role in the practices of orthopedics, rheumatology, metabolic bone, oncology, and interventional radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Carrino
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Hamza Ibad
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Yenpo Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Elena Ghotbi
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Joshua Klein
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Shadpour Demehri
- Musculoskeletal Radiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline Street, JHOC 5165, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Filippo Del Grande
- Clinic of Radiology, Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland (IIMSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Via Tesserete 46, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università Della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via G. Buffi 13, 6904, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bogner
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Mikael P Boesen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nielsine Nielsens Vej 5, Entrance 7A, 3Rd Floor, 2400, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey H Siewerdsen
- Department of Imaging Physics, Institute for Data Science in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Brandelik SC, Rahn S, Merz M, Stiller W, Skornitzke S, Melzig C, Kauczor HU, Weber TF, Do TD. Calcium-Based Imaging of the Spine at Dual-Layer CT and Evaluation of Vertebral Fractures in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2688. [PMID: 39123416 PMCID: PMC11312101 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prediction of vertebral fractures in plasma cell dyscrasias using dual-layer CT (DLCT) with quantitative assessment of conventional CT image data (CI), calcium suppressed image data (CaSupp), and calculation of virtual calcium-only (VCa) image data. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients (n = 81) with the diagnosis of a plasma cell dyscrasia and whole-body DLCT at the time of diagnosis and follow-up were retrospectively enrolled. CI, CaSupp25, and CaSupp100 were quantitatively analyzed using regions of interest in the lumbar vertebral bodies and fractured vertebral bodies on baseline or follow-up imaging. VCa were calculated by subtraction (CaSupp100-CaSupp25), delineating bone only. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the possibility of imminent spine fractures. RESULTS In 24 patients, new vertebral fractures were observed in the follow-up imaging. The possibility of new vertebral fractures was significant for baseline assessment of CT numbers in CI, CaSupp25, and VCa (p = 0.01, respectively), with a higher risk for new fractures in the case of lower CT numbers in CI (Odds ratio = [0.969; 0.994]) and VCa (Odds ratio = [0.978; 0.995]) and in the case of higher CT numbers in CaSupp 25 (Odds ratio 1.015 [1.006; 1.026]). Direct model comparisons implied that CT numbers in CaSupp 25 and VCa might show better fracture prediction than those in CI (R2 = 0.18 both vs. 0.15; AICc = 91.95, 91.79 vs. 93.62), suggesting cut-off values for CI at 103 HU (sensitivity: 54.2%; specificity: 82.5; AUC: 0.69), for VCa at 129 HU (sensitivity: 41.7%; specificity: 94.7; AUC: 0.72). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative assessment with CaSupp and calculation of VCa is feasible to predict the vertebral fracture risk in MM patients. DLCT may prove useful in detecting imminent fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone C. Brandelik
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.C.B.); (S.R.); (W.S.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (H.-U.K.); (T.F.W.)
| | - Stefanie Rahn
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.C.B.); (S.R.); (W.S.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (H.-U.K.); (T.F.W.)
| | - Maximilian Merz
- Department for Hematology, Cell Therapy and Hemostaseology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Wolfram Stiller
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.C.B.); (S.R.); (W.S.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (H.-U.K.); (T.F.W.)
| | - Stephan Skornitzke
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.C.B.); (S.R.); (W.S.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (H.-U.K.); (T.F.W.)
| | - Claudius Melzig
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.C.B.); (S.R.); (W.S.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (H.-U.K.); (T.F.W.)
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.C.B.); (S.R.); (W.S.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (H.-U.K.); (T.F.W.)
| | - Tim F. Weber
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.C.B.); (S.R.); (W.S.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (H.-U.K.); (T.F.W.)
| | - Thuy D. Do
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.C.B.); (S.R.); (W.S.); (S.S.); (C.M.); (H.-U.K.); (T.F.W.)
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Grunz JP, Huflage H. Photon-Counting Computed Tomography: Experience in Musculoskeletal Imaging. Korean J Radiol 2024; 25:662-672. [PMID: 38942460 PMCID: PMC11214923 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2024.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of the first photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) system in late 2021, its advantages and a wide range of applications in all fields of radiology have been demonstrated. Compared to standard energy-integrating detector-CT, PCCT allows for superior geometric dose efficiency in every examination. While this aspect by itself is groundbreaking, the advantages do not stop there. PCCT facilitates an unprecedented combination of ultra-high-resolution imaging without dose penalty or field-of-view restrictions, detector-based elimination of electronic noise, and ubiquitous multi-energy spectral information. Considering the high demands of orthopedic imaging for the visualization of minuscule details while simultaneously covering large portions of skeletal and soft tissue anatomy, no subspecialty may benefit more from this novel detector technology than musculoskeletal radiology. Deeply rooted in experimental and clinical research, this review article aims to provide an introduction to the cosmos of PCCT, explain its technical basics, and highlight the most promising applications for patient care, while also mentioning current limitations that need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Peter Grunz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Henner Huflage
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Ishaque AH, Alvi MA, Pedro K, Fehlings MG. Imaging protocols for non-traumatic spinal cord injury: current state of the art and future directions. Expert Rev Neurother 2024; 24:691-709. [PMID: 38879824 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2363839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) is a term used to describe damage to the spinal cord from sources other than trauma. Neuroimaging techniques such as computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have improved our ability to diagnose and manage NTSCIs. Several practice guidelines utilize MRI in the diagnostic evaluation of traumatic and non-traumatic SCI to direct surgical intervention. AREAS COVERED The authors review practices surrounding the imaging of various causes of NTSCI as well as recent advances and future directions for the use of novel imaging modalities in this realm. The authors also present discussions around the use of simple radiographs and advanced MRI modalities in clinical settings, and briefly highlight areas of active research that seek to advance our understanding and improve patient care. EXPERT OPINION Although several obstacles must be overcome, it appears highly likely that novel quantitative imaging features and advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) as well as machine learning (ML) will revolutionize degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) care by providing earlier diagnosis, accurate localization, monitoring for deterioration and neurological recovery, outcome prediction, and standardized practice. Some intriguing findings in these areas have been published, including the identification of possible serum and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, which are currently in the early phases of translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah H Ishaque
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammed Ali Alvi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karlo Pedro
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Chen Z, Yang A, Chen A, Dong J, Lin J, Huang C, Zhang J, Liu H, Zeng Z, Miao W. [ 68Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT for staging and prognostic assessment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: comparison to [ 18F]FDG PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1926-1936. [PMID: 38286937 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic performance of [68Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT at baseline for staging of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) and to compare it with [18F]FDG PET/CT and the Revised-International Staging System (R-ISS). METHODS Patients who underwent [68Ga]Pentixafor and [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging were retrospectively included. Patient staging was performed according to the Durie-Salmon PLUS staging system based on [68Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT and [18F]FDG PET/CT images, and the R-ISS. Progression-free survival (PFS) at patient follow-up was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and compared using the log-rank test. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated to assess predictive performance. RESULTS Fifty-five MM patients were evaluated. Compared with [18F]FDG PET, [68Ga]Pentixafor PET detected 25 patients as the same stage, while 26 patients were upstaged and 4 patients were downstaged (P = 0.001). After considering the low-dose CT data, there was no statistically significant difference in the number of patients classified in each stage using [68Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT and [18F]FDG PET/CT (P = 0.091). [68Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT-based staging discriminated PFS outcomes in patients with different disease stages (stage I vs. stage II, stage I vs. stage III, and stage II vs. stage III; all P < 0.05), whereas for [18F]FDG PET/CT, there was only a difference in median PFS between stage I and III (P = 0.021). When staged by R-ISS, the median PFS for stage III was significantly lower than that for stage I and II (P = 0.008 and 0.035, respectively). When predicting 2-year PFS based on staging, the AUC of [68Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT was significantly higher than that of [68Ga]Pentixafor PET (0.923 vs. 0.821, P = 0.002), [18F]FDG PET (0.923 vs. 0.752 P = 0.002), and R-ISS (0.923 vs. 0.776, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS [68Ga]Pentixafor PET/CT-based staging possesses substantial potential to predict disease progression in newly diagnosed MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Apeng Yang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Aihong Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Jinfeng Dong
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Junfang Lin
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
| | - Zhiyong Zeng
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
| | - Weibing Miao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Cancer, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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Wang T, Zhou B, Zhang K, Yan C, Guan X. Value of third-generation of VNCa dual-energy CT for differentiating diffuse marrow infiltration of multiple myeloma from red bone marrow. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38003. [PMID: 38701295 PMCID: PMC11062734 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the ability of bone marrow imaging using third-generation dual-energy computed tomography (CT) virtual noncalcium (VNCa) to differentiate between multiple myeloma (MM) with diffuse bone marrow infiltration and red bone marrow (RBM). Bone marrow aspiration or follow-up results were used as reference. We retrospectively reviewed 188 regions of interests (ROIs) from 21 patients with confirmed MM and diffuse bone marrow infiltrations who underwent VNCa bone marrow imaging between May 2019 and September 2022. At the same time, we obtained 98 ROIs from 11 subjects with RBM for comparative study, and 189 ROIs from 20 subjects with normal yellow bone marrow for the control group. The ROIs were delineated by 2 radiologists independently, the interobservers reproducibility was evaluated by interclass correlation coefficients. The correlation with MRI grade results was analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal threshold for differentiating between these groups and to assess diagnostic performance. There were statistically significant differences in VNCa CT values of bone marrow among the MM, RBM, and control groups (all P < .001), with values decreasing sequentially. A strong positive rank correlation was observed between normal bone marrow, subgroup MM with moderately and severe bone marrow infiltration divided by MRI and their corresponding CT values (ρ = 0.897, 95%CI: 0.822 to 0.942, P < .001). When the CT value of VNCa bone marrow was 7.15 HU, the area under the curve (AUC) value for differentiating RBM and MM was 0.723, with a sensitivity of 50.5% and a specificity of 89.8%. When distinguishing severe bone marrow infiltration of MM from RBM, the AUC value was 0.80 with a sensitivity 70.9% and a specificity 78.9%. The AUC values for MM, RBM, and the combined group compared to the control group were all >0.99, with all diagnostic sensitivity and specificity exceeding 95%. VNCa bone marrow imaging using third-generation dual-energy CT accurately differentiates MM lesions from normal bone marrow or RBM. It demonstrates superior diagnostic performance in distinguishing RBM from MM with diffuse bone marrow infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Tengzhou Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Tengzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Biao Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Tengzhou Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Tengzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Tengzhou Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Tengzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Tengzhou Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Tengzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiangzhen Guan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Tengzhou Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Tengzhou, Shandong Province, China
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Xiong X, Hong R, Fan X, Hao Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Hu C. Quantitative assessment of bone marrow infiltration and characterization of tumor burden using dual-layer spectral CT in patients with multiple myeloma. Radiol Oncol 2024; 58:43-50. [PMID: 38183278 PMCID: PMC10878765 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2024-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate whether virtual calcium subtraction (VNCa) image extracted from dual-layer spectral CT could estimate bone marrow (BM) infiltration with MRI as the reference standard and characterize tumor burden in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-seven patients with newly diagnosed MM were retrospectively enrolled. They had undergone whole-body low-dose dual-layer spectral CT (DLCT) and whole-body MRI within one week. VNCa images with calcium-suppressed (CaSupp) indices ranging from 25 to 95 at an interval of 10 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were quantitatively analyzed on vertebral bodies L1-L5 at the central slice of images. The optimal combination was selected by correlation analysis between CT numbers and ADC values. Then, it was used to characterize tumor burden by correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis, including plasma cell infiltration rate (PCIR), high serum-free light chains (SFLC) ratio and the high-risk cytogenetic (HRC) status. RESULTS The most significant quantitative correlation between CT numbers of VNCa images and ADC values could be found at CaSupp index 85 for averaged L1-L5 (r = 0.612, p < 0.001). It allowed quantitative evaluation of PCIR (r = 0.835, p < 0.001). It could also anticipate high SFLC ratio and the HRC status with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.876 and 0.760, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The VNCa measurements of averaged L1-L5 showed the highest correlation with ADC at CaSupp index 85. It could therefore be used as additional imaging biomarker for non-invasive assessment of tumor burden if ADC is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xiong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Hong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Fan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengmei Hao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare Greater China, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Bousse A, Kandarpa VSS, Rit S, Perelli A, Li M, Wang G, Zhou J, Wang G. Systematic Review on Learning-based Spectral CT. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 8:113-137. [PMID: 38476981 PMCID: PMC10927029 DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2023.3314131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Spectral computed tomography (CT) has recently emerged as an advanced version of medical CT and significantly improves conventional (single-energy) CT. Spectral CT has two main forms: dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) and photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT), which offer image improvement, material decomposition, and feature quantification relative to conventional CT. However, the inherent challenges of spectral CT, evidenced by data and image artifacts, remain a bottleneck for clinical applications. To address these problems, machine learning techniques have been widely applied to spectral CT. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art data-driven techniques for spectral CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bousse
- LaTIM, Inserm UMR 1101, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 29238 Brest, France
| | | | - Simon Rit
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM-Saint Étienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR 5220, U1294, F-69373, Lyon, France
| | - Alessandro Perelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Mengzhou Li
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Guobao Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- CTIQ, Canon Medical Research USA, Inc., Vernon Hills, 60061, USA
| | - Ge Wang
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
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Rodríguez-Laval V, Lumbreras-Fernández B, Aguado-Bueno B, Gómez-León N. Imaging of Multiple Myeloma: Present and Future. J Clin Med 2024; 13:264. [PMID: 38202271 PMCID: PMC10780302 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common adult hematologic malignancy, and early intervention increases survival in asymptomatic high-risk patients. Imaging is crucial for the diagnosis and follow-up of MM, as the detection of bone and bone marrow lesions often dictates the decision to start treatment. Low-dose whole-body computed tomography (CT) is the modality of choice for the initial assessment, and dual-energy CT is a developing technique with the potential for detecting non-lytic marrow infiltration and evaluating the response to treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive and specific than 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for the detection of small focal lesions and diffuse marrow infiltration. However, FDG-PET/CT is recommended as the modality of choice for follow-up. Recently, diffusion-weighted MRI has become a new technique for the quantitative assessment of disease burden and therapy response. Although not widespread, we address current proposals for structured reporting to promote standardization and diminish variations. This review provides an up-to-date overview of MM imaging, indications, advantages, limitations, and recommended reporting of each technique. We also cover the main differential diagnosis and pitfalls and discuss the ongoing controversies and future directions, such as PET-MRI and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Rodríguez-Laval
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Calle Diego de León 62, 28005 Madrid, Spain; (B.L.-F.); (N.G.-L.)
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Lumbreras-Fernández
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Calle Diego de León 62, 28005 Madrid, Spain; (B.L.-F.); (N.G.-L.)
| | - Beatriz Aguado-Bueno
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Calle Diego de León 62, 28005 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nieves Gómez-León
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Calle Diego de León 62, 28005 Madrid, Spain; (B.L.-F.); (N.G.-L.)
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Xu L, Wu S. New diagnostic strategy for multiple myeloma: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36660. [PMID: 38206744 PMCID: PMC10754592 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most prevalent hematological malignancy and is distinguished by the aberrant proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells inside the bone marrow and production of M-protein. This condition frequently results in bone deterioration, acute kidney damage, anemia, and hypercalcemia. However, the clinical manifestations and accompanying symptoms of MM vary and may change as the condition evolves. Therefore, diagnosis of MM is difficult. At present, the confirmation of MM diagnosis necessitates the use of bone marrow biopsy, a procedure that is both invasive and challenging for assessing dynamic alterations in the disease. The integration of laboratory testing technologies with imaging technology has the potential to enhance the diagnostic effectiveness and provide a thorough evaluation of disease progression and prognosis in patients with MM. All the examination methods have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, diagnosis is determined by the application of clinical characteristics, serological tests, and imaging investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligong Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Meer E, Patel M, Chan D, Sheikh AM, Nicolaou S. Dual-Energy Computed Tomography and Beyond: Musculoskeletal System. Radiol Clin North Am 2023; 61:1097-1110. [PMID: 37758359 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Traditional monoenergetic computed tomography (CT) scans in musculoskeletal imaging provide excellent detail of bones but are limited in the evaluation of soft tissues. Dual-energy CT (DECT) overcomes many of the traditional limitations of CT and offers anatomical details previously seen only on MR imaging. In addition, DECT has benefits in the evaluation and characterization of arthropathies, bone marrow edema, and collagen applications in the evaluation of tendons, ligaments, and vertebral discs. There is current ongoing research in the application of DECT in arthrography and bone mineral density calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emtenen Meer
- Vancouver General Hospital-University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mitulkumar Patel
- Vancouver General Hospital-University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Darren Chan
- Vancouver General Hospital-University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adnan M Sheikh
- Vancouver General Hospital-University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Savvas Nicolaou
- Vancouver General Hospital-University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Rau A, Neubauer J, Taleb L, Stein T, Schuermann T, Rau S, Faby S, Wenger S, Engelhardt M, Bamberg F, Weiss J. Impact of Photon-Counting Detector Computed Tomography on Image Quality and Radiation Dose in Patients With Multiple Myeloma. Korean J Radiol 2023; 24:1006-1016. [PMID: 37724589 PMCID: PMC10550734 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2023.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Computed tomography (CT) is an established method for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of multiple myeloma. Here, we investigated the potential of photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) in terms of image quality, diagnostic confidence, and radiation dose compared with energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, patients with known multiple myeloma underwent clinically indicated whole-body PCD-CT. The image quality of PCD-CT was assessed qualitatively by three independent radiologists for overall image quality, edge sharpness, image noise, lesion conspicuity, and diagnostic confidence using a 5-point Likert scale (5 = excellent), and quantitatively for signal homogeneity using the coefficient of variation (CV) of Hounsfield Units (HU) values and modulation transfer function (MTF) via the full width at half maximum (FWHM) in the frequency space. The results were compared with those of the current clinical standard EID-CT protocols as controls. Additionally, the radiation dose (CTDIvol) was determined. RESULTS We enrolled 35 patients with multiple myeloma (mean age 69.8 ± 9.1 years; 18 [51%] males). Qualitative image analysis revealed superior scores (median [interquartile range]) for PCD-CT regarding overall image quality (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]), edge sharpness (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]), image noise (4.0 [4.0-4.0] vs. 3.0 [3.0-4.0]), lesion conspicuity (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]), and diagnostic confidence (4.0 [4.0-5.0] vs. 4.0 [3.0-4.0]) compared with EID-CT (P ≤ 0.004). In quantitative image analyses, PCD-CT compared with EID-CT revealed a substantially lower FWHM (2.89 vs. 25.68 cy/pixel) and a significantly more homogeneous signal (mean CV ± standard deviation [SD], 0.99 ± 0.65 vs. 1.66 ± 0.5; P < 0.001) at a significantly lower radiation dose (mean CTDIvol ± SD, 3.33 ± 0.82 vs. 7.19 ± 3.57 mGy; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Whole-body PCD-CT provides significantly higher subjective and objective image quality at significantly reduced radiation doses than the current clinical standard EID-CT protocols, along with readily available multi-spectral data, facilitating the potential for further advanced post-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rau
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Jakob Neubauer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laetitia Taleb
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stein
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Till Schuermann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Rau
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Sina Wenger
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Interdisciplinary Cancer Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Monika Engelhardt
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Interdisciplinary Cancer Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Bamberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Weiss
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Ehrengut C, Denecke T, Meyer HJ. Benefits of Dual-Layer Spectral CT Imaging in Staging and Preoperative Evaluation of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6145. [PMID: 37834789 PMCID: PMC10573525 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12196145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging of pancreatic malignancies is challenging but has a major impact on the patients therapeutic approach and outcome. In particular with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), usually a hypovascularized tumor, conventional CT imaging can be prone to errors in determining tumor extent and presence of metastatic disease. Dual-layer spectral detector CT (SDCT) is an emerging technique for acquiring spectral information without the need for prospective patient selection or specific protocols, with a detector capable of differentiating high- and low-energy photons to acquire full spectral images. In this review, we present the diagnostic benefits and capabilities of modern SDCT imaging with a focus on PDAC. We highlight the most useful virtual reconstructions in oncologic imaging and their benefits in staging and assessment of resectability in PDAC, including the assessment of tumor extent, vascular infiltration, and metastatic disease. We present imaging examples on a latest-generation SDCT scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans-Jonas Meyer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.E.)
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14
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Liu S, Pan H, Wu S, Li S, Sun J, Ren T, Li Z, Zhou J. Diagnostic Value of Dual-Energy CT Virtual Non-Calcium and Rho/Z Images for Bone Marrow Infiltration in Primary Malignant Bone Tumors. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:1659-1666. [PMID: 36371375 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES We investigated the diagnostic performance of dual-energy CT (DECT) virtual non-calcium (VNCa) and Rho/Z images for bone marrow infiltration of primary malignant bone tumors (PMBTs). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 65 patients with PMBT who underwent DECT and MRI within 2 weeks. DECT was used to evaluate the presence and extent of marrow involvement surrounding PMBTs using the SCT, VNCa, and Rho/Z images. MRI was used as the reference standard for measurements. CT values of normal and involved bone marrow areas were measured on VNCa images, and Zeff values were measured on Rho/Z images. The statistical methods used were the 2*C chi-square test, ANOVA test, paired samples t test, and diagnostic performance of the different variables were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS VNCa and Rho/Z images showed higher accuracy (91%, 92% vs. 67%) and sensitivity (90%, 92% vs. 69%) than SCT images for diagnosing bone marrow infiltration in patients with PMBT. The maximum longitudinal diameter of tumor involvement measurements was statistically different between VNCa and SCT, Rho/Z and SCT, MRI, and SCT (all p < 0.05, p = 0.047, p = 0.049, and p = 0.023, respectively). The maximum transverse diameter was statistically significant between SCT and MRI, VNCa and MRI, Rho/Z and MRI (all p < 0.05, and p = 0.015, and p = 0.044, and p = 0.047, respectively). The HU or Zeff values based on the area of interest of VNCa and Rho/Z images differed significantly between the normal and infiltrated bone marrow area (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed area under the curves of 0.995 and 0.988, respectively, with cut-off values of -31.57 HU and 7.8, and the sensitivity of both was 96.9%. CONCLUSION DECT-VNCa and Rho/Z images have good diagnostic value when evaluating bone marrow infiltration in PMBTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Second clinical school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haojie Pan
- Second clinical school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shijie Wu
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Shenglin Li
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Second clinical school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Second clinical school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tiezhu Ren
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Second clinical school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengxiao Li
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Second clinical school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Cuiyingmen No.82, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730030, China; Second clinical school, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China; Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence, Lanzhou, China.
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15
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Demehri S, Baffour FI, Klein JG, Ghotbi E, Ibad HA, Moradi K, Taguchi K, Fritz J, Carrino JA, Guermazi A, Fishman EK, Zbijewski WB. Musculoskeletal CT Imaging: State-of-the-Art Advancements and Future Directions. Radiology 2023; 308:e230344. [PMID: 37606571 PMCID: PMC10477515 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.230344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
CT is one of the most widely used modalities for musculoskeletal imaging. Recent advancements in the field include the introduction of four-dimensional CT, which captures a CT image during motion; cone-beam CT, which uses flat-panel detectors to capture the lower extremities in weight-bearing mode; and dual-energy CT, which operates at two different x-ray potentials to improve the contrast resolution to facilitate the assessment of tissue material compositions such as tophaceous gout deposits and bone marrow edema. Most recently, photon-counting CT (PCCT) has been introduced. PCCT is a technique that uses photon-counting detectors to produce an image with higher spatial and contrast resolution than conventional multidetector CT systems. In addition, postprocessing techniques such as three-dimensional printing and cinematic rendering have used CT data to improve the generation of both physical and digital anatomic models. Last, advancements in the application of artificial intelligence to CT imaging have enabled the automatic evaluation of musculoskeletal pathologies. In this review, the authors discuss the current state of the above CT technologies, their respective advantages and disadvantages, and their projected future directions for various musculoskeletal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadpour Demehri
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (S.D., J.G.K., E.G., H.A.I., K.M., K.T., E.K.F.) and Department of
Biomedical Engineering (W.B.Z.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
601 N Carolina St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (F.I.B.); Department of
Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.F.);
Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
(J.A.C.); and Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (A.G.)
| | - Francis I. Baffour
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (S.D., J.G.K., E.G., H.A.I., K.M., K.T., E.K.F.) and Department of
Biomedical Engineering (W.B.Z.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
601 N Carolina St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (F.I.B.); Department of
Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.F.);
Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
(J.A.C.); and Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (A.G.)
| | - Joshua G. Klein
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (S.D., J.G.K., E.G., H.A.I., K.M., K.T., E.K.F.) and Department of
Biomedical Engineering (W.B.Z.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
601 N Carolina St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (F.I.B.); Department of
Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.F.);
Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
(J.A.C.); and Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (A.G.)
| | - Elena Ghotbi
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (S.D., J.G.K., E.G., H.A.I., K.M., K.T., E.K.F.) and Department of
Biomedical Engineering (W.B.Z.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
601 N Carolina St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (F.I.B.); Department of
Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.F.);
Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
(J.A.C.); and Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (A.G.)
| | - Hamza Ahmed Ibad
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (S.D., J.G.K., E.G., H.A.I., K.M., K.T., E.K.F.) and Department of
Biomedical Engineering (W.B.Z.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
601 N Carolina St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (F.I.B.); Department of
Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.F.);
Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
(J.A.C.); and Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (A.G.)
| | - Kamyar Moradi
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (S.D., J.G.K., E.G., H.A.I., K.M., K.T., E.K.F.) and Department of
Biomedical Engineering (W.B.Z.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
601 N Carolina St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (F.I.B.); Department of
Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.F.);
Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
(J.A.C.); and Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (A.G.)
| | - Katsuyuki Taguchi
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (S.D., J.G.K., E.G., H.A.I., K.M., K.T., E.K.F.) and Department of
Biomedical Engineering (W.B.Z.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
601 N Carolina St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (F.I.B.); Department of
Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.F.);
Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
(J.A.C.); and Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (A.G.)
| | - Jan Fritz
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (S.D., J.G.K., E.G., H.A.I., K.M., K.T., E.K.F.) and Department of
Biomedical Engineering (W.B.Z.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
601 N Carolina St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (F.I.B.); Department of
Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.F.);
Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
(J.A.C.); and Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (A.G.)
| | - John A. Carrino
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (S.D., J.G.K., E.G., H.A.I., K.M., K.T., E.K.F.) and Department of
Biomedical Engineering (W.B.Z.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
601 N Carolina St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (F.I.B.); Department of
Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.F.);
Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
(J.A.C.); and Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (A.G.)
| | - Ali Guermazi
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (S.D., J.G.K., E.G., H.A.I., K.M., K.T., E.K.F.) and Department of
Biomedical Engineering (W.B.Z.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
601 N Carolina St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (F.I.B.); Department of
Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.F.);
Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
(J.A.C.); and Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (A.G.)
| | - Elliot K. Fishman
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (S.D., J.G.K., E.G., H.A.I., K.M., K.T., E.K.F.) and Department of
Biomedical Engineering (W.B.Z.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
601 N Carolina St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (F.I.B.); Department of
Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.F.);
Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
(J.A.C.); and Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (A.G.)
| | - Wojciech B. Zbijewski
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (S.D., J.G.K., E.G., H.A.I., K.M., K.T., E.K.F.) and Department of
Biomedical Engineering (W.B.Z.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine,
601 N Carolina St, Baltimore, MD 21287; Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging,
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (F.I.B.); Department of
Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY (J.F.);
Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
(J.A.C.); and Department of Radiology, Quantitative Imaging Center, Boston
University School of Medicine, Boston, Mass (A.G.)
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16
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Perrella A, Bagnacci G, Di Meglio N, Di Martino V, Mazzei MA. Thoracic Diseases: Technique and Applications of Dual-Energy CT. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2440. [PMID: 37510184 PMCID: PMC10378112 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is one of the most promising technological innovations made in the field of imaging in recent years. Thanks to its ability to provide quantitative and reproducible data, and to improve radiologists' confidence, especially in the less experienced, its applications are increasing in number and variety. In thoracic diseases, DECT is able to provide well-known benefits, although many recent articles have sought to investigate new perspectives. This narrative review aims to provide the reader with an overview of the applications and advantages of DECT in thoracic diseases, focusing on the most recent innovations. The research process was conducted on the databases of Pubmed and Cochrane. The article is organized according to the anatomical district: the review will focus on pleural, lung parenchymal, breast, mediastinal, lymph nodes, vascular and skeletal applications of DECT. In conclusion, considering the new potential applications and the evidence reported in the latest papers, DECT is progressively entering the daily practice of radiologists, and by reading this simple narrative review, every radiologist will know the state of the art of DECT in thoracic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Perrella
- Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulio Bagnacci
- Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nunzia Di Meglio
- Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Vito Di Martino
- Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Mazzei
- Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neuro Sciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
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17
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Shi J, Huang H, Xu S, Du L, Zeng X, Cao Y, Liu D, Wang X, Zhang J. XGBoost-based multiparameters from dual-energy computed tomography for the differentiation of multiple myeloma of the spine from vertebral osteolytic metastases. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:4801-4811. [PMID: 36719494 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the performance of extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) combined with multiparameters from dual-energy computed tomography (mpDECT) to differentiate between multiple myeloma (MM) of the spine and vertebral osteolytic metastases (VOM). METHODS For this retrospective study, 28 patients (83 lesions) with MM of the spine and 23 patients (54 lesions) with VOM who underwent DECT were included. The mpDECT for each lesion, including normalized effective atomic number, slope of the spectral Hounsfield unit curve, CT attenuation, and virtual noncalcium (VNCa), was obtained. Boruta was used to select the key parameters, and then subsequently merged with XGBoost to yield a prediction model. The lesions were divided into the training and testing group in a 3:1 ratio. The highest performance of the univariate analysis was compared with XGBoost using the Delong test. RESULTS The mpDECT of MM was significantly lower than that of VOM (all p < 0.05). In univariate analysis, VNCa had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the training group (0.81) and testing group (0.87). Based on Boruta, 6 parameters of DECT were selected for XGBoost model construction. The XGBoost model achieved an excellent and stable diagnostic performance, as shown in the training group (AUC of 1.0) and testing group (AUC of 0.97), with a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 95%, and an accuracy of 88%, which was superior to VNCa (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS XGBoost combined with mpDECT yielded promising performance in differentiating between MM of the spine and VOM. KEY POINTS • The multiparameters obtained from dual-energy CT of multiple myeloma differed significantly from those of vertebral osteolytic metastases. • The virtual noncalcium offered the highest AUC in the univariate analysis to distinguish multiple myeloma from vertebral osteolytic metastases. • Extreme gradient boosting combined with multiparameters from dual-energy CT had a promising performance to distinguish multiple myeloma from vertebral osteolytic metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Shi
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Shapingba District, No.181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Haiping Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, No.181 Hanyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Suqin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Shapingba District, No.181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Lihong Du
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Shapingba District, No.181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xiangfei Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Shapingba District, No.181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No.181 Hanyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Daihong Liu
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Shapingba District, No.181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Shapingba District, No.181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Jiuquan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Oncology in Breast Cancer (iCQBC), Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Shapingba District, No.181 Hanyu Road, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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Skornitzke S, Mayer P, Kauczor HU, Stiller W. Evaluation of optimal acquisition delays of DECT iodine maps in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A potential alternative to the Patlak model of CT perfusion. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14726. [PMID: 37064458 PMCID: PMC10102198 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction By using bolus tracking with an appropriate acquisition delay dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) iodine maps might serve as a replacement of CT perfusion maps at reduced radiation exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the optimal acquisition delays of DECT for the replacement of parameter maps calculated with the Patlak model in pancreatic adenocarcinoma by corresponding iodine maps. Materials and methods Dual-source dynamic DECT acquisitions at 80 kVp/Sn140 kVp of 14 patients with pancreatic carcinoma were used to calculate CT perfusion maps of blood volume and permeability with the Patlak model. DECT iodine maps were generated from individual DECT acquisitions, matching acquisition times relative to prior bolus-triggered three-phase CT acquisitions for investigating different acquisition delays. Correlation between perfusion parameters and iodine concentrations was determined for acquisition delays between -6 s and 33 s. Results Correlation between iodine concentrations and perfusion parameters ranged from -0.05 to 0.63 for blood volume and from -0.05 to 0.71 for permeability, depending on potential trigger delay. The correlation was significant for potential acquisition delays above 1.5 s for blood volume and above 9.0 s for permeability (both p < 0.05). Maximum correlation occurred at an acquisition delay of 15.0 s for blood volume (r = 0.63) and at 25.5 s for permeability (r = 0.71), with significantly lower iodine concentrations in carcinoma (15.0 s: 1.3 ± 0.5 mg/ml; 22.5 s: 1.4 ± 0.7 mg/ml) than in non-neoplastic pancreatic parenchyma (15.0 s: 2.3 ± 0.8 mg/ml; 22.5 s: 2.4 ± 0.6 mg/ml; p < 0.05). Discussion In the future, well-timed DECT iodine maps acquired with bolus tracking could provide an alternative to permeability and blood volume maps calculated with the Patlak model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wolfram Stiller
- Corresponding author. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR) Heidelberg University Hospital Im Neuenheimer Feld 130.3 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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Mourad C, Cosentino A, Nicod Lalonde M, Omoumi P. Advances in Bone Marrow Imaging: Strengths and Limitations from a Clinical Perspective. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2023; 27:3-21. [PMID: 36868241 PMCID: PMC9984270 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the modality of choice to image bone marrow. However, the last few decades have witnessed the emergence and development of novel MRI techniques, such as chemical shift imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and whole-body MRI, as well as spectral computed tomography and nuclear medicine techniques. We summarize the technical bases behind these methods, in relation to the common physiologic and pathologic processes involving the bone marrow. We present the strengths and limitations of these imaging methods and consider their added value compared with conventional imaging in assessing non-neoplastic disorders like septic, rheumatologic, traumatic, and metabolic conditions. The potential usefulness of these methods to differentiate between benign and malignant bone marrow lesions is discussed. Finally, we consider the limitations hampering a more widespread use of these techniques in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel Mourad
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hôpital Libanais Geitaoui- CHU, Beyrouth, Lebanon
| | - Aurelio Cosentino
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital Riviera-Chablais, Vaud-Valais, Rennaz, Switzerland
| | - Marie Nicod Lalonde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Omoumi
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ibad HA, de Cesar Netto C, Shakoor D, Sisniega A, Liu S, Siewerdsen JH, Carrino JA, Zbijewski W, Demehri S. Computed Tomography: State-of-the-Art Advancements in Musculoskeletal Imaging. Invest Radiol 2023; 58:99-110. [PMID: 35976763 PMCID: PMC9742155 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although musculoskeletal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a dominant role in characterizing abnormalities, novel computed tomography (CT) techniques have found an emerging niche in several scenarios such as trauma, gout, and the characterization of pathologic biomechanical states during motion and weight-bearing. Recent developments and advancements in the field of musculoskeletal CT include 4-dimensional, cone-beam (CB), and dual-energy (DE) CT. Four-dimensional CT has the potential to quantify biomechanical derangements of peripheral joints in different joint positions to diagnose and characterize patellofemoral instability, scapholunate ligamentous injuries, and syndesmotic injuries. Cone-beam CT provides an opportunity to image peripheral joints during weight-bearing, augmenting the diagnosis and characterization of disease processes. Emerging CBCT technologies improved spatial resolution for osseous microstructures in the quantitative analysis of osteoarthritis-related subchondral bone changes, trauma, and fracture healing. Dual-energy CT-based material decomposition visualizes and quantifies monosodium urate crystals in gout, bone marrow edema in traumatic and nontraumatic fractures, and neoplastic disease. Recently, DE techniques have been applied to CBCT, contributing to increased image quality in contrast-enhanced arthrography, bone densitometry, and bone marrow imaging. This review describes 4-dimensional CT, CBCT, and DECT advances, current logistical limitations, and prospects for each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ahmed Ibad
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cesar de Cesar Netto
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Delaram Shakoor
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alejandro Sisniega
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Siewerdsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John A. Carrino
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wojciech Zbijewski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shadpour Demehri
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Sauerbeck J, Adam G, Meyer M. Spectral CT in Oncology. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2023; 195:21-29. [PMID: 36167316 DOI: 10.1055/a-1902-9949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spectral CT is gaining increasing clinical importance with multiple potential applications, including oncological imaging. Spectral CT-specific image data offers multiple advantages over conventional CT image data through various post-processing algorithms, which will be highlighted in the following review. METHODOLOGY The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of potential useful oncologic applications of spectral CT and to highlight specific spectral CT pitfalls. The technical background, clinical advantages of primary and follow-up spectral CT exams in oncology, and the application of appropriate spectral tools will be highlighted. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Spectral CT imaging offers multiple advantages over conventional CT imaging, particularly in the field of oncology. The combination of virtual native and low monoenergetic images leads to improved detection and characterization of oncologic lesions. Iodine-map images may provide a potential imaging biomarker for assessing treatment response. KEY POINTS · The most important spectral CT reconstructions for oncology imaging are virtual unenhanced, iodine map, and virtual monochromatic reconstructions.. · The combination of virtual unenhanced and low monoenergetic reconstructions leads to better detection and characterization of the vascularization of solid tumors.. · Iodine maps can be a surrogate parameter for tumor perfusion and potentially used as a therapy monitoring parameter.. · For radiotherapy planning, the relative electron density and the effective atomic number of a tissue can be calculated.. CITATION FORMAT · Sauerbeck J, Adam G, Meyer M. Onkologische Bildgebung mittels Spektral-CT. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2023; 195: 21 - 29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sauerbeck
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Meyer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany, Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Gong H, Baffour F, Glazebrook KN, Rhodes NG, Tiegs-Heiden CA, Thorne JE, Cook JM, Kumar S, Fletcher JG, McCollough CH, Leng S. Deep learning-based virtual noncalcium imaging in multiple myeloma using dual-energy CT. Med Phys 2022; 49:6346-6358. [PMID: 35983992 PMCID: PMC9588661 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual-energy CT with virtual noncalcium (VNCa) images allows the evaluation of focal intramedullary bone marrow involvement in patients with multiple myeloma. However, current commercial VNCa techniques suffer from excessive image noise and artifacts due to material decomposition used in synthesizing VNCa images. OBJECTIVES In this work, we aim to improve VNCa image quality for the assessment of focal multiple myeloma, using an Artificial intelligence based Generalizable Algorithm for mulTi-Energy CT (AGATE) method. MATERIALS AND METHODS AGATE method used a custom dual-task convolutional neural network (CNN) that concurrently carries out material classification and quantification. The material classification task provided an auxiliary regularization to the material quantification task. CNN parameters were optimized using custom loss functions that involved cross-entropy, physics-informed constraints, structural redundancy in spectral and material images, and texture information in spectral images. For training data, CT phantoms (diameters 30 to 45 cm) with tissue-mimicking inserts were scanned on a third generation dual-source CT system. Scans were performed at routine dose and half of the routine dose. Small image patches (i.e., 40 × 40 pixels) of tissue-mimicking inserts with known basis material densities were extracted for training samples. Numerically simulated insert materials with various shapes increased diversity of training samples. Generalizability of AGATE was evaluated using CT images from phantoms and patients. In phantoms, material decomposition accuracy was estimated using mean-absolute-percent-error (MAPE), using physical inserts that were not used during the training. Noise power spectrum (NPS) and modulation transfer function (MTF) were compared across phantom sizes and radiation dose levels. Five patients with multiple myeloma underwent dual-energy CT, with VNCa images generated using a commercial method and AGATE. Two fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists reviewed the VNCa images (commercial and AGATE) side-by-side using a dual-monitor display, blinded to VNCa type, rating the image quality for focal multiple myeloma lesion visualization using a 5-level Likert comparison scale (-2 = worse visualization and diagnostic confidence, -1 = worse visualization but equivalent diagnostic confidence, 0 = equivalent visualization and diagnostic confidence, 1 = improved visualization but equivalent diagnostic confidence, 2 = improved visualization and diagnostic confidence). A post hoc assignment of comparison ratings was performed to rank AGATE images in comparison to commercial ones. RESULTS AGATE demonstrated consistent material quantification accuracy across phantom sizes and radiation dose levels, with MAPE ranging from 0.7% to 4.4% across all testing materials. Compared to commercial VNCa images, the AGATE-synthesized VNCa images yielded considerably lower image noise (50-77% noise reduction) without compromising noise texture or spatial resolution across different phantom sizes and two radiation doses. AGATE VNCa images had markedly reduced area under NPS curves and maintained NPS peak frequency (0.7 lp/cm to 1.0 lp/cm), with similar MTF curves (50% MTF at 3.0 lp/cm). In patients, AGATE demonstrated reduced image noise and artifacts with improved delineation of focal multiple myeloma lesions (all readers comparison scores indicating improved overall diagnostic image quality [scores 1 or 2]). CONCLUSIONS AGATE demonstrated reduced noise and artifacts in VNCa images and ability to improve visualization of bone marrow lesions for assessing multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Gong
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joselle M. Cook
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Shuai Leng
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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23
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Fernández-Pérez GC, Fraga Piñeiro C, Oñate Miranda M, Díez Blanco M, Mato Chaín J, Collazos Martínez MA. Dual-energy CT: Technical considerations and clinical applications. RADIOLOGIA 2022; 64:445-455. [PMID: 36243444 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although dual-energy CT was initially described by Hounsfield in 1973, it remains underused in clinical practice. It is therefore important to emphasize the clinical benefits and limitations of this technique. Iodine mapping makes it possible to quantify the uptake of iodine, which is very important in characterizing tumors, lung perfusion, pulmonary nodules, and the tumor response to new treatments. Dual-energy CT also makes it possible to obtain virtual single-energy images and virtual images without iodinated contrast or without calcium, as well as to separate materials such as uric acid or fat and to elaborate hepatic iron overload maps. In this article, we review some of the clinical benefits and technical limitations to improve understanding of dual-energy CT and expand its use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Fernández-Pérez
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Grupo Recoletas, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - C Fraga Piñeiro
- Técnico Aplicaciones Siemens Healthineers, General Electric Company, Spain
| | - M Oñate Miranda
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Díez Blanco
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - J Mato Chaín
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
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Utility of dual energy computed tomography in the evaluation of infiltrative skeletal lesions and metastasis: a literature review. Skeletal Radiol 2022; 51:1731-1741. [PMID: 35294599 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-022-04032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) is routinely used to diagnose and evaluate metastatic lesions in oncology. CT alone suffers from lack of sensitivity, especially for skeletal lesions in the bone marrow and lesions that have similar attenuation profiles to surrounding bone. Magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine imaging remain the gold standard in evaluating skeletal lesions. However, compared to CT, these modalities are not as widely available or suitable for all patients. Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) exploits variations in linear attenuation coefficient of materials at different photon energy levels to reconstruct images based on material composition. DECT in musculoskeletal imaging is used in the imaging of crystal arthropathy and detecting subtle fractures, but it is not broadly utilized in evaluating infiltrative skeletal lesions. Malignant skeletal lesions have different tissue and molecular compositions compared to normal bone. DECT may exploit these physical differences to delineate infiltrative skeletal lesions from surrounding bone better than conventional monoenergetic CT. Studies so far have examined the utility of DECT in evaluating skeletal metastases, multiple myeloma lesions, pathologic fractures, and performing image-guided biopsies with promising results. These studies were mostly retrospective analyses and case reports containing small samples sizes. As DECT becomes more widely used clinically and more scientific studies evaluating the performance of DECT are published, DECT may eventually become an important modality in the work-up of infiltrative skeletal lesions. It may even challenge MRI and nuclear medicine because of relatively faster scanning times and ease of access.
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Fernández-Pérez G, Fraga Piñeiro C, Oñate Miranda M, Díez Blanco M, Mato Chaín J, Collazos Martínez M. Energía Dual en TC. Consideraciones técnicas y aplicaciones clínicas. RADIOLOGIA 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bai J, Grant K, Hussien A, Kawakyu-O'Connor D. Imaging of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression. FRONTIERS IN RADIOLOGY 2022; 2:962797. [PMID: 37492671 PMCID: PMC10365281 DOI: 10.3389/fradi.2022.962797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression develops in 5-10% of patients with cancer and is becoming more common as advancement in cancer treatment prolongs survival in patients with cancer (1-3). It represents an oncological emergency as metastatic epidural compression in adjacent neural structures, including the spinal cord and cauda equina, and exiting nerve roots may result in irreversible neurological deficits, pain, and spinal instability. Although management of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression remains palliative, early diagnosis and intervention may improve outcomes by preserving neurological function, stabilizing the vertebral column, and achieving localized tumor and pain control. Imaging serves an essential role in early diagnosis of metastatic epidural spinal cord compression, evaluation of the degree of spinal cord compression and extent of tumor burden, and preoperative planning. This review focuses on imaging features and techniques for diagnosing metastatic epidural spinal cord compression, differential diagnosis, and management guidelines.
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Kuah T, Vellayappan BA, Makmur A, Nair S, Song J, Tan JH, Kumar N, Quek ST, Hallinan JTPD. State-of-the-Art Imaging Techniques in Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3289. [PMID: 35805059 PMCID: PMC9265325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression (MSCC) is a debilitating complication in oncology patients. This narrative review discusses the strengths and limitations of various imaging modalities in diagnosing MSCC, the role of imaging in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for MSCC treatment, and recent advances in deep learning (DL) tools for MSCC diagnosis. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using targeted keywords. Studies were reviewed in consensus among the co-authors for their suitability before inclusion. MRI is the gold standard of imaging to diagnose MSCC with reported sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 97% respectively. CT Myelogram appears to have comparable sensitivity and specificity to contrast-enhanced MRI. Conventional CT has a lower diagnostic accuracy than MRI in MSCC diagnosis, but is helpful in emergent situations with limited access to MRI. Metal artifact reduction techniques for MRI and CT are continually being researched for patients with spinal implants. Imaging is crucial for SBRT treatment planning and three-dimensional positional verification of the treatment isocentre prior to SBRT delivery. Structural and functional MRI may be helpful in post-treatment surveillance. DL tools may improve detection of vertebral metastasis and reduce time to MSCC diagnosis. This enables earlier institution of definitive therapy for better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tricia Kuah
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (A.M.); (S.N.); (J.S.); (S.T.Q.); (J.T.P.D.H.)
| | - Balamurugan A. Vellayappan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Andrew Makmur
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (A.M.); (S.N.); (J.S.); (S.T.Q.); (J.T.P.D.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Shalini Nair
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (A.M.); (S.N.); (J.S.); (S.T.Q.); (J.T.P.D.H.)
| | - Junda Song
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (A.M.); (S.N.); (J.S.); (S.T.Q.); (J.T.P.D.H.)
| | - Jiong Hao Tan
- University Spine Centre, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, 1E Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (J.H.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Naresh Kumar
- University Spine Centre, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health System, 1E Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (J.H.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Swee Tian Quek
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (A.M.); (S.N.); (J.S.); (S.T.Q.); (J.T.P.D.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - James Thomas Patrick Decourcy Hallinan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (A.M.); (S.N.); (J.S.); (S.T.Q.); (J.T.P.D.H.)
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Yoon MA, Chee CG, Chung HW, Lee DH, Kim KW. Diagnostic performance of computed tomography and diffusion-weighted imaging as first-line imaging modality according to the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) imaging algorithm for monoclonal plasma cell disorders. Acta Radiol 2022; 63:672-683. [PMID: 33853375 DOI: 10.1177/02841851211008383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The latest International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) guideline recommends low-dose whole-body (WB) computed tomography (CT) as the first-line imaging technique for the initial diagnosis of plasma cell disorders. PURPOSE To evaluate diagnostic performances of CT and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) as the first-line imaging modalities and assess misclassification rates obtained following the guideline. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two independent radiologists analyzed CT (acquired as PET/CT) and DWI (3-T; b-values = 50 and 900 s/mm2) of patients newly diagnosed with plasma cell disorder, categorizing the number of bone lesions. Diagnostic performance of CT and DWI was compared using the McNemar test, and misclassification rates were calculated with a consensus WB-MRI reading as the reference standard. Differences in lesion number categories were assessed using marginal homogeneity and kappa statistics. RESULTS Of 56 patients (36 men; mean age = 63.5 years), 39 had myeloma lesions. DWI showed slightly higher sensitivity for detecting myeloma lesions (97.4%) than CT (84.6%-92.3%; P > 0.05). CT showed significantly higher specificity (88.2%) than DWI (52.9%-58.8%; P<0.05). CT had a higher additional study requirement rate than DWI (7.7%-15.4% vs. 2.6%), but a lower unnecessary treatment rate (11.8% vs. 41.2%-47.1%). Both readers showed significant differences in categorization of the number of lesions on CT compared with the reference standard (P < 0.001), and one reader showed a significant difference on DWI (P = 0.006 and 0.098). CONCLUSION CT interpreted according to the IMWG guideline is a diagnostically effective first-line modality with relatively high sensitivity and specificity. DWI alone may not be an acceptable first-line imaging modality because of low specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min A Yoon
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Guen Chee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Chung
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ditges AK, Diekhoff T, Engelhard N, Muellner M, Pumberger M, Schömig F. Neuroforamen stenosis remains a challenge in conventional computed tomography and new dual-energy techniques. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6678. [PMID: 35461368 PMCID: PMC9035174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10673-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumbar foraminal stenosis may be caused by osseous and soft tissue structures. Thus, both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) play a role in the diagnostic algorithm. Recently, dual-energy CT (DECT) has been introduced for the detection of spinal disorders. Our study’s aim was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of collagen-sensitive maps derived from DECT in detecting lumbar foraminal stenosis compared with standard CT and MRI. We retrospectively reviewed CT, DECT, and MRI datasets in patients with vertebral fractures between January 2015 and February 2017. Images were scored for presence and type of lumbar neuroforaminal stenosis. Contingency tables were calculated to determine diagnostic accuracy and interrater agreement was evaluated. 612 neuroforamina in 51 patients were included. Intraclass correlation coefficients for interrater reliability in detecting foraminal stenoses were 0.778 (95%-CI 0.643–0.851) for DECT, 0.769 (95%-CI 0.650–0.839) for CT, and 0.820 (95%-CI 0.673–0.888) for MRI. Both DECT and conventional CT showed good diagnostic accuracy in detecting lumbar foraminal stenosis but low sensitivities in detecting discoid stenosis. Thus, even though previous studies suggest that DECT has high diagnostic accuracy in assessing lumbar disc pathologies, we show that DECT does not provide additional information for detecting discoid stenosis compared with conventional CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Ditges
- Department of Radiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Diekhoff
- Department of Radiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Engelhard
- Department of Radiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muellner
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Pumberger
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Schömig
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Park H, Lee SY, Lee J, Pak J, Lee K, Lee SE, Jung JY. Detecting Multiple Myeloma Infiltration of the Bone Marrow on CT Scans in Patients with Osteopenia: Feasibility of Radiomics Analysis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12040923. [PMID: 35453971 PMCID: PMC9025143 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12040923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to detect multiple myeloma (MM) infiltration of the bone marrow on computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with osteopenia. Our aim is to determine the feasibility of using radiomics analysis to detect MM infiltration of the bone marrow on CT scans of patients with osteopenia. The contrast-enhanced thoracic CT scans of 104 patients with MM and 104 age- and sex-matched controls were retrospectively evaluated. All individuals had decreased bone density on radiography. The study group was divided into development (n = 160) and temporal validation sets (n = 48). The radiomics model was developed using 805 texture features extracted from the bone marrow for a development set, using a Random Forest algorithm. The developed models were applied to evaluate a temporal validation set. For comparison, three radiologists evaluated the CTs for the possibility of MM infiltration in the bone marrow. The diagnostic performances were assessed and compared using an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis. The AUC of the radiomics model was not significantly different from those of the radiologists (p = 0.056–0.821). The radiomics analysis results showed potential for detecting MM infiltration in the bone marrow on CT scans of patients with osteopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (K.L.); (S.-E.L.); (J.-Y.J.)
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Cheoan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (K.L.); (S.-E.L.); (J.-Y.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6743
| | - Jooyeon Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (K.L.); (S.-E.L.); (J.-Y.J.)
- Department of Applied Statistics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Juyoung Pak
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Cheoan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Koeun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (K.L.); (S.-E.L.); (J.-Y.J.)
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (K.L.); (S.-E.L.); (J.-Y.J.)
| | - Joon-Yong Jung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.P.); (J.L.); (K.L.); (S.-E.L.); (J.-Y.J.)
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Diagnostic Performance for Detecting Bone Marrow Edema of the Hip on Dual-Energy CT: Deep Learning Model vs. Musculoskeletal Physicians and Radiologists. Eur J Radiol 2022; 152:110337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Zensen S, Bos D, Opitz M, Haubold J, Forsting M, Guberina N, Wetter A. Radiation exposure and establishment of diagnostic reference levels of whole-body low-dose CT for the assessment of multiple myeloma with second- and third-generation dual-source CT. Acta Radiol 2022; 63:527-535. [PMID: 33745295 DOI: 10.1177/02841851211003287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the assessment of diseases causing skeletal lesions such as multiple myeloma (MM), whole-body low-dose computed tomography (WBLDCT) is a sensitive diagnostic imaging modality, which has the potential to replace the conventional radiographic survey. PURPOSE To optimize radiation protection and examine radiation exposure, and effective and organ doses of WBLDCT using different modern dual-source CT (DSCT) devices, and to establish local diagnostic reference levels (DRL). MATERIAL AND METHODS In this retrospective study, 281 WBLDCT scans of 232 patients performed between January 2017 and April 2020 either on a second- (A) or third-generation (B) DSCT device could be included. Radiation exposure indices and organ and effective doses were calculated using a commercially available automated dose-tracking software based on Monte-Carlo simulation techniques. RESULTS The radiation exposure indices and effective doses were distributed as follows (median, interquartile range): (A) second-generation DSCT: volume-weighted CT dose index (CTDIvol) 1.78 mGy (1.47-2.17 mGy); dose length product (DLP) 282.8 mGy·cm (224.6-319.4 mGy·cm), effective dose (ED) 1.87 mSv (1.61-2.17 mSv) and (B) third-generation DSCT: CTDIvol 0.56 mGy (0.47-0.67 mGy), DLP 92.0 mGy·cm (73.7-107.6 mGy·cm), ED 0.61 mSv (0.52-0.69 mSv). Radiation exposure indices and effective and organ doses were significantly lower with third-generation DSCT (P < 0.001). Local DRLs could be set for CTDIvol at 0.75 mGy and DLP at 120 mGy·cm. CONCLUSION Third-generation DSCT requires significantly lower radiation dose for WBLDCT than second-generation DSCT and has an effective dose below reported doses for radiographic skeletal surveys. To ensure radiation protection, DRLs regarding WBLDCT are required, where our locally determined values may help as benchmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zensen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Denise Bos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marcel Opitz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Haubold
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Forsting
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nika Guberina
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Axel Wetter
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Dual-Energy CT, Virtual Non-Calcium Bone Marrow Imaging of the Spine: An AI-Assisted, Volumetric Evaluation of a Reference Cohort with 500 CT Scans. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030671. [PMID: 35328224 PMCID: PMC8947045 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual non-calcium (VNCa) images from dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) have shown high potential to diagnose bone marrow disease of the spine, which is frequently disguised by dense trabecular bone on conventional CT. In this study, we aimed to define reference values for VNCa bone marrow images of the spine in a large-scale cohort of healthy individuals. DECT was performed after resection of a malignant skin tumor without evidence of metastatic disease. Image analysis was fully automated and did not require specific user interaction. The thoracolumbar spine was segmented by a pretrained convolutional neuronal network. Volumetric VNCa data of the spine’s bone marrow space were processed using the maximum, medium, and low calcium suppression indices. Histograms of VNCa attenuation were created for each exam and suppression setting. We included 500 exams of 168 individuals (88 female, patient age 61.0 ± 15.9). A total of 8298 vertebrae were segmented. The attenuation histograms’ overlap of two consecutive exams, as a measure for intraindividual consistency, yielded a median of 0.93 (IQR: 0.88–0.96). As our main result, we provide the age- and sex-specific bone marrow attenuation profiles of a large-scale cohort of individuals with healthy trabecular bone structure as a reference for future studies. We conclude that artificial-intelligence-supported, fully automated volumetric assessment is an intraindividually robust method to image the spine’s bone marrow using VNCa data from DECT.
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Gu R, Amlani A, Haberland U, Hodson D, Streetly M, Antonelli M, Dregely I, Goh V. Correlation between Whole Skeleton Dual Energy CT Calcium-Subtracted Attenuation and Bone Marrow Infiltration in Multiple Myeloma. Eur J Radiol 2022; 149:110223. [PMID: 35240412 PMCID: PMC9026281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of whole skeleton calcium-subtracted attenuation with dual energy CT is feasible. Whole skeleton calcium-subtracted attenuation correlates with the degree of marrow infiltration by plasma cells on bone marrow biopsy. Whole skeleton calcium-subtracted attenuation provides complementary information to the detection of osteolytic bone lesions.
Objectives Objective evaluation of the extent of skeletal marrow involvement in multiple myeloma remains a clinical gap for CT. We aimed to develop a quantitative segmentation pipeline for dual energy CT and to assess whether quantified whole skeleton calcium-subtracted attenuation values correlate with biopsy-derived bone marrow infiltration in multiple myeloma. Methods Consecutive prospective patients with suspected/established myeloma underwent dual source CT from the skull vertex to proximal tibia. Whole skeleton segmentation was performed for 120 kVp-equivalent images as follows: following Hounsfield unit (HU) thresholding, a Chan-Vese morphological operation was implemented to generate a whole skeleton segmentation mask. This mask was then applied to corresponding whole skeleton material decomposition calcium-subtracted maps, generating whole skeleton HU values. Associations with biopsy-derived bone marrow plasma cell infiltration percentage were assessed with Spearman’s rank correlation; significance was at 5%. Results 21 patients (12 females; median (IQR) 67 (61, 73) years) were included; 16 patients had osteolytic bone lesions; 15 patients underwent bone marrow biopsy. Segmentation and quantification were feasible in all patients. Median (IQR) of the average skeletal calcium-subtracted attenuation was −59.9 HU (-66.3, −51.8HU). There was a positive correlation with bone marrow plasma cell infiltration percentage (Spearman’s rho: + 0.79, p < 0.001). Conclusion Whole skeleton calcium-subtracted attenuation is associated with the degree of bone marrow infiltration by plasma cells, providing an objective measure of marrow involvement with the potential to allow earlier detection of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyang Gu
- Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7TH, United Kingdom
| | - Ashik Amlani
- Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7TH, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7TH, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Haberland
- Siemens Healthineers, Siemensstrasse 1, 91301 Forchheim, Germany
| | - Dan Hodson
- Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7TH, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Streetly
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Michela Antonelli
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7TH London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Dregely
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7TH London, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky Goh
- Cancer Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7TH, United Kingdom; Department of Radiology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7TH, United Kingdom.
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Dual-Energy CT-Based Bone Marrow Imaging in Multiple Myeloma: Assessment of Focal Lesions in Relation to Disease Status and MRI Findings. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:245-254. [PMID: 33707044 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To assess focal multiple myeloma bone lesions via dual-energy CT-based virtual noncalcium (VNCa) bone marrow imaging in relation to the overall hematological disease status and MRI findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 103 focal osteolytic lesions of the axial skeleton in VNCa bone marrow images of 32 patients. Region of interest-based attenuation measurements were correlated with T1w signal intensity and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Results were compared between patients in active and inactive disease. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine a cut-off value of VNCa attenuation for differentiation between the two groups. Standard of reference was the overall disease status according to International Myeloma Working Group response criteria. RESULTS Mean attenuation difference between lesions and background bone marrow was significantly lower in inactive disease (16 HU, SD 30) compared to active disease (35 HU, SD 29). VNCa attenuation measurement allowed for differentiation between active and inactive disease with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 58% at a cut-off value of -21 HU. VNCa attenuation was negatively correlated to T1w signal intensity (Spearman's ρ -0.617, p < 0.001) and positively correlated to ADC (Spearman's ρ 0.521, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Quantitative assessment of attenuation of focal osteolytic lesions in VNCa bone marrow images allows differentiation between overall active and inactive disease with higher attenuation signifying an increasing likelihood of active disease. This is supported by a significant positive correlation between the attenuation and the ADC, as well as a corresponding inverse correlation to T1w signal intensity.
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Treitl KM, Ricke J, Baur-Melnyk A. Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) versus whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) for myeloma imaging and staging. Skeletal Radiol 2022; 51:43-58. [PMID: 34031705 PMCID: PMC8626374 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Myeloma-associated bone disease (MBD) develops in about 80-90% of patients and severely affects their quality of life, as it accounts for the majority of mortality and morbidity. Imaging in multiple myeloma (MM) and MBD is of utmost importance in order to detect bone and bone marrow lesions as well as extraosseous soft-tissue masses and complications before the initiation of treatment. It is required for determination of the stage of disease and aids in the assessment of treatment response. Whole-body low-dose computed tomography (WBLDCT) is the key modality to establish the initial diagnosis of MM and is now recommended as reference standard procedure for the detection of lytic destruction in MBD. In contrast, whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) has higher sensitivity for the detection of focal and diffuse plasma cell infiltration patterns of the bone marrow and identifies them prior to osteolytic destruction. It is recommended for the evaluation of spinal and vertebral lesions, while functional, diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI) is a promising tool for the assessment of treatment response. This review addresses the current improvements and limitations of WBCT and WBMRI for diagnosis and staging in MM, underlining the fact that both modalities offer complementary information. It further summarizes the corresponding radiological findings and novel technological aspects of both modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M. Treitl
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Ricke
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Baur-Melnyk
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDepartment of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Fervers P, Fervers F, Kottlors J, Lohneis P, Pollman-Schweckhorst P, Zaytoun H, Rinneburger M, Maintz D, Große Hokamp N. Feasibility of artificial intelligence–supported assessment of bone marrow infiltration using dual-energy computed tomography in patients with evidence of monoclonal protein — a retrospective observational study. Eur Radiol 2021; 32:2901-2911. [PMID: 34921619 PMCID: PMC9038860 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To demonstrate the feasibility of an automated, non-invasive approach to estimate bone marrow (BM) infiltration of multiple myeloma (MM) by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) after virtual non-calcium (VNCa) post-processing.
Methods
Individuals with MM and monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) with concurrent DECT and BM biopsy between May 2018 and July 2020 were included in this retrospective observational study. Two pathologists and three radiologists reported BM infiltration and presence of osteolytic bone lesions, respectively. Bone mineral density (BMD) was quantified CT-based by a CE-certified software. Automated spine segmentation was implemented by a pre-trained convolutional neural network. The non-fatty portion of BM was defined as voxels > 0 HU in VNCa. For statistical assessment, multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were conducted.
Results
Thirty-five patients (mean age 65 ± 12 years; 18 female) were evaluated. The non-fatty portion of BM significantly predicted BM infiltration after adjusting for the covariable BMD (p = 0.007, r = 0.46). A non-fatty portion of BM > 0.93% could anticipate osteolytic lesions and the clinical diagnosis of MM with an area under the ROC curve of 0.70 [0.49–0.90] and 0.71 [0.54–0.89], respectively. Our approach identified MM-patients without osteolytic lesions on conventional CT with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.63 and 0.71, respectively.
Conclusions
Automated, AI-supported attenuation assessment of the spine in DECT VNCa is feasible to predict BM infiltration in MM. Further, the proposed method might allow for pre-selecting patients with higher pre-test probability of osteolytic bone lesions and support the clinical diagnosis of MM without pathognomonic lesions on conventional CT.
Key Points
• The retrospective study provides an automated approach for quantification of the non-fatty portion of bone marrow, based on AI-supported spine segmentation and virtual non-calcium dual-energy CT data.
• An increasing non-fatty portion of bone marrow is associated with a higher infiltration determined by invasive biopsy after adjusting for bone mineral density as a control variable (p = 0.007, r = 0.46).
• The non-fatty portion of bone marrow might support the clinical diagnosis of multiple myeloma when conventional CT images are negative (sensitivity 0.63, specificity 0.71).
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Pierro A, Posa A, Astore C, Sciandra M, Tanzilli A, Petrosino A, del Balso MS, Fraticelli V, Cilla S, Iezzi R. Whole-Body Low-Dose Multidetector-Row CT in Multiple Myeloma: Guidance in Performing, Observing, and Interpreting the Imaging Findings. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121320. [PMID: 34947851 PMCID: PMC8707516 DOI: 10.3390/life11121320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignancy of plasma cells usually detected due to various bone abnormalities on imaging and rare extraosseous abnormalities. The traditional approach for disease detection was based on plain radiographs, showing typical lytic lesions. Still, this technique has many limitations in terms of diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment. The new approach to assess osteolytic lesions in patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma is based on total-body low-dose CT. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a guide for radiologists in performing and evaluating a total-body low-dose CT in patients with multiple myeloma, both newly-diagnosed and in follow-up (pre and post treatment).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pierro
- Department of Radiology, “A. Cardarelli” Regional Hospital, ASReM, Contrada Tappino, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.P.); (M.S.); (M.S.d.B.)
| | - Alessandro Posa
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncologic Radiotherapy and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (A.P.); (R.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Costanzo Astore
- Radiology Unit, Gemelli Molise Hospital, L.go A. Gemelli 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Mariacarmela Sciandra
- Department of Radiology, “A. Cardarelli” Regional Hospital, ASReM, Contrada Tappino, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.P.); (M.S.); (M.S.d.B.)
| | - Alessandro Tanzilli
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncologic Radiotherapy and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (A.P.); (R.I.)
| | - Antonella Petrosino
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncologic Radiotherapy and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (A.P.); (R.I.)
| | - Maria Saveria del Balso
- Department of Radiology, “A. Cardarelli” Regional Hospital, ASReM, Contrada Tappino, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.P.); (M.S.); (M.S.d.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Fraticelli
- Hematology Unit, Gemelli Molise Hospital, L.go A. Gemelli 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Savino Cilla
- Medical Phisics Unit, Gemelli Molise Hospital, L.go A. Gemelli 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Roberto Iezzi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncologic Radiotherapy and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (A.P.); (R.I.)
- Radiology Unit, Gemelli Molise Hospital, L.go A. Gemelli 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
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Fervers P, Celik E, Bratke G, Maintz D, Baues C, Ruffing S, Pollman-Schweckhorst P, Kottlors J, Lennartz S, Große Hokamp N. Radiotherapy Response Assessment of Multiple Myeloma: A Dual-Energy CT Approach With Virtual Non-Calcium Images. Front Oncol 2021; 11:734819. [PMID: 34646776 PMCID: PMC8504158 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.734819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Life expectancy of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) has increased over the past decades, underlining the importance of local tumor control and avoidance of dose-dependent side effects of palliative radiotherapy (RT). Virtual noncalcium (VNCa) imaging from dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has been suggested to estimate cellularity and metabolic activity of lytic bone lesions (LBLs) in MM. Objective To explore the feasibility of RT response monitoring with DECT-derived VNCa attenuation measurements in MM. Methods Thirty-three patients with 85 LBLs that had been irradiated and 85 paired non-irradiated LBLs from the same patients were included in this retrospective study. Irradiated and non-irradiated LBLs were measured by circular regions of interest (ROIs) on conventional and VNCa images in a total of 216 follow-up measurements (48 before and 168 after RT). Follow-ups were rated as therapy response, stable disease, or local progression according to the MD Anderson criteria. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to discriminate irradiated vs. non-irradiated and locally progressive vs. stable/responsive LBLs using absolute attenuation post-irradiation and percentage attenuation change for patients with pre-irradiation DECT, if available. Results Attenuation of LBLs decreased after RT depending on the time that had passed after irradiation [absolute thresholds for identification of irradiated LBLs 30.5–70.0 HU [best area under the curve [AUC] 0.75 (0.59–0.91)] and -77.0 to -22.5 HU [best AUC 0.85 (0.65–1.00)]/-50% and -117% to -167% proportional change of attenuation on conventional and VNCa images, respectively]. VNCa CT was significantly superior for identification of RT effects in LBLs with higher calcium content [best VNCa AUC 0.96 (0.91–1.00), best conventional CT AUC 0.64 (0.45–0.83)]. Thresholds for early identification of local irradiation failure were >20.5 HU on conventional CT [AUC 0.78 (0.68–0.88)] and >-27 HU on VNCa CT [AUC 0.83 (0.70–0.96)]. Conclusion Therapy response of LBLs after RT can be monitored by VNCa imaging based on regular myeloma scans, which yields potential for optimizing the lesion-specific radiation dose for local tumor control. Decreasing attenuation indicates RT response, while above threshold attenuation of LBLs precedes local irradiation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Fervers
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Erkan Celik
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Grischa Bratke
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Maintz
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Baues
- Department of Radiotherapy and Cyberknife Center, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Ruffing
- Department of Radiotherapy and Cyberknife Center, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jonathan Kottlors
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Lennartz
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils Große Hokamp
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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D'Angelo T, Albrecht MH, Caudo D, Mazziotti S, Vogl TJ, Wichmann JL, Martin S, Yel I, Ascenti G, Koch V, Cicero G, Blandino A, Booz C. Virtual non-calcium dual-energy CT: clinical applications. Eur Radiol Exp 2021; 5:38. [PMID: 34476640 PMCID: PMC8413416 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-021-00228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-energy CT (DECT) has emerged into clinical routine as an imaging technique with unique postprocessing utilities that improve the evaluation of different body areas. The virtual non-calcium (VNCa) reconstruction algorithm has shown beneficial effects on the depiction of bone marrow pathologies such as bone marrow edema. Its main advantage is the ability to substantially increase the image contrast of structures that are usually covered with calcium mineral, such as calcified vessels or bone marrow, and to depict a large number of traumatic, inflammatory, infiltrative, and degenerative disorders affecting either the spine or the appendicular skeleton. Therefore, VNCa imaging represents another step forward for DECT to image conditions and disorders that usually require the use of more expensive and time-consuming techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography/CT, or bone scintigraphy. The aim of this review article is to explain the technical background of VNCa imaging, showcase its applicability in the different body regions, and provide an updated outlook on the clinical impact of this technique, which goes beyond the sole improvement in image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University Hospital Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Moritz H Albrecht
- Division of Experimental Imaging, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Danilo Caudo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University Hospital Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvio Mazziotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University Hospital Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Thomas J Vogl
- Division of Experimental Imaging, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julian L Wichmann
- Division of Experimental Imaging, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simon Martin
- Division of Experimental Imaging, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Yel
- Division of Experimental Imaging, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Giorgio Ascenti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University Hospital Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vitali Koch
- Division of Experimental Imaging, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Cicero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University Hospital Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Alfredo Blandino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University Hospital Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Christian Booz
- Division of Experimental Imaging, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Foti G, Serra G, Iacono V, Marocco S, Bertoli G, Gori S, Zorzi C. Identification of Non-Traumatic Bone Marrow Oedema: The Pearls and Pitfalls of Dual-Energy CT (DECT). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:387-396. [PMID: 34449751 PMCID: PMC8396255 DOI: 10.3390/tomography7030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is an imaging technique widely used in traumatic settings to diagnose bone marrow oedema (BME). This paper describes the role of DECT in diagnosing BME in non-traumatic settings by evaluating its reliability in analyzing some of the most common painful syndromes. In particular, with an illustrative approach, the paper describes the possible use of DECT for the evaluation of osteochondral lesions of the knee and of the ankle, avascular necrosis of the hip, non-traumatic stress fractures, and other inflammatory and infectious disorders of the bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Foti
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37042 Negrar, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0456013874
| | - Gerardo Serra
- Department of Anesthesia and Analgesic Therapy, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37042 Negrar, Italy;
| | - Venanzio Iacono
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37042 Negrar, Italy; (V.I.); (C.Z.)
| | - Stefania Marocco
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37042 Negrar, Italy; (S.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Bertoli
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37042 Negrar, Italy; (S.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Stefania Gori
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37042 Negrar, Italy;
| | - Claudio Zorzi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, 37042 Negrar, Italy; (V.I.); (C.Z.)
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Hagen F, Werner S, Baumgartner K, Horger M. [The role of calculated dual energy CTs using "Virtual Non Calcium" for assessing the bone marrow in the clinical routine of oncological patients]. ROFO : FORTSCHRITTE AUF DEM GEBIETE DER RONTGENSTRAHLEN UND DER NUKLEARMEDIZIN 2021; 193:1254-1257. [PMID: 34139777 DOI: 10.1055/a-1467-6548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hagen
- Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Karolin Baumgartner
- Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Horger
- Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Yan L, Zhong Z, Gao H, He Y, Li P, Shen H, Zhou S, Guo Y, Liao L, Zhang K. Fast kilovoltage (KV)-switching dual-energy CT virtual noncalcium technique using different reconstruction kernels for identifying acute and chronic vertebral compression fractures. Arch Osteoporos 2021; 16:85. [PMID: 34085145 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-021-00948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) represent an incidental finding on thoracic and abdominal dual-energy CT examinations (which use STND reconstruction kernel), which are associated with increased mortality. While the BONE reconstruction kernel shows a superior diagnostic accuracy to find fractures. This study showed STND and BONE reconstruction kernel both had excellent diagnostic performance to detect abnormal edema in acute VCFs. PURPOSE To investigate whether different reconstruction kernels (STND V.S. BONE) affect the diagnostic performance of dual-energy CT virtual noncalcium technique (VNCa) for identifying acute and chronic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). METHODS This retrospective study included 31 consecutive patients with 79 VCFs who underwent both a dual-energy CT and a 3-T MR examination of the spine between August 2018 and March 2019. MR images served as the reference standard. Two independent and blinded radiologists evaluated all vertebral bodies for the presence of abnormal edema on color-coded overlay VNCa images. Two additional radiologists performed a quantitative analysis on VNCa images by calculating water content of vertebral bodies. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was conducted. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. RESULTS MR imaging depicted 44 edematous and 35 nonedematous VCFs. In visual analysis, the AUCSTND and AUCBONE were 0.932 and 0.943. In quantitative analysis, water content results were significantly different between vertebrae with and without bone marrow edema on MR (P < 0.001). And the AUCSTND and AUCBONE were 0.851 and 0.850 respectively. CONCLUSION Visual and quantitative analysis of dual-energy CT VNCa technique had excellent diagnostic performance for identifying acute and chronic compression fractures; different reconstruction kernels did not matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyou Yan
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95 Shaoshan Middle Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeya Zhong
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95 Shaoshan Middle Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95 Shaoshan Middle Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yewen He
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95 Shaoshan Middle Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95 Shaoshan Middle Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongrong Shen
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95 Shaoshan Middle Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwei Zhou
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95 Shaoshan Middle Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- GE Healthcare (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangying Liao
- Department of Scientific Research, First Affiliated Hospital Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95 Shaoshan Middle Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95 Shaoshan Middle Road, Yuhua District, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China. .,College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China.
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Assessment of thoracic disk herniation by using virtual noncalcium dual-energy CT in comparison with standard grayscale CT. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:9221-9231. [PMID: 34076743 PMCID: PMC8589804 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To determine the diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy CT (DECT) virtual noncalcium (VNCa) reconstructions for assessing thoracic disk herniation compared to standard grayscale CT. Methods In this retrospective study, 87 patients (1131 intervertebral disks; mean age, 66 years; 47 women) who underwent third-generation dual-source DECT and 3.0-T MRI within 3 weeks between November 2016 and April 2020 were included. Five blinded radiologists analyzed standard DECT and color-coded VNCa images after a time interval of 8 weeks for the presence and degree of thoracic disk herniation and spinal nerve root impingement. Consensus reading of independently evaluated MRI series served as the reference standard, assessed by two separate experienced readers. Additionally, image ratings were carried out by using 5-point Likert scales. Results MRI revealed a total of 133 herniated thoracic disks. Color-coded VNCa images yielded higher overall sensitivity (624/665 [94%; 95% CI, 0.89–0.96] vs 485/665 [73%; 95% CI, 0.67–0.80]), specificity (4775/4990 [96%; 95% CI, 0.90–0.98] vs 4066/4990 [82%; 95% CI, 0.79–0.84]), and accuracy (5399/5655 [96%; 95% CI, 0.93–0.98] vs 4551/5655 [81%; 95% CI, 0.74–0.86]) for the assessment of thoracic disk herniation compared to standard CT (all p < .001). Interrater agreement was excellent for VNCa and fair for standard CT (ϰ = 0.82 vs 0.37; p < .001). In addition, VNCa imaging achieved higher scores regarding diagnostic confidence, image quality, and noise compared to standard CT (all p < .001). Conclusions Color-coded VNCa imaging yielded substantially higher diagnostic accuracy and confidence for assessing thoracic disk herniation compared to standard CT. Key Points • Color-coded VNCa reconstructions derived from third-generation dual-source dual-energy CT yielded significantly higher diagnostic accuracy for the assessment of thoracic disk herniation and spinal nerve root impingement compared to standard grayscale CT. • VNCa imaging provided higher diagnostic confidence and image quality at lower noise levels compared to standard grayscale CT. • Color-coded VNCa images may potentially serve as a viable imaging alternative to MRI under circumstances where MRI is unavailable or contraindicated.
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Updates and Ongoing Challenges in Imaging of Multiple Myeloma: AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 217:775-785. [PMID: 33978464 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.21.25878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding and treatment of multiple myeloma have led to the need for more sensitive and accurate imaging of intramedullary and extramedullary disease. This role of imaging is underscored by recently revised imaging recommendations of the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG). This narrative review discusses these recommendations from the IMWG for different disease stages, focusing on advanced whole-body modalities, and addresses related challenges and controversies. In the recommendations, whole-body low-dose CT is central in initial patient assessment, replacing the conventional skeletal survey. Although the recommendations favor MRI for diagnosis because of its superior sensitivity and utility in identifying myeloma-defining events, FDG PET/CT is recommended as the modality of choice for assessing treatment response. Consensus opinions are offered regarding the role of imaging in multiple myeloma for characterization of disease distribution, determination of prognosis, and response evaluation.
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Ippolito D, Giandola T, Maino C, Gandola D, Ragusi M, Bonaffini PA, Sironi S. Whole Body Low Dose Computed Tomography (WBLDCT) Can Be Comparable to Whole-Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging (WBMRI) in the Assessment of Multiple Myeloma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11050857. [PMID: 34064594 PMCID: PMC8150749 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study is to compare the agreement between whole-body low-dose computed tomography (WBLDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) in the evaluation of bone marrow involvement in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Patients with biopsy-proven MM, who underwent both WBLDCT and WBMRI were retrospectively enrolled. After identifying the presence of focal bone involvement (focal infiltration pattern), the whole skeleton was divided into five anatomic districts (skull, spine, sternum and ribs, pelvis, and limbs). Patients were grouped according to the number and location of the lytic lesions (<5, 5-20, and >20) and Durie and Salmon staging system. The agreement between CT and MRI regarding focal pattern, staging, lesion number, and distribution was assessed using the Cohen Kappa statistics. The majority of patients showed focal involvement. According to the distribution of the focal lesions and Durie Salmon staging, the agreement between CT and MRI was substantial or almost perfect (all κ > 0.60). The agreement increased proportionally with the number of lesions in the pelvis and spine (κ = 0.373 to κ = 0.564, and κ = 0.469-0.624), while for the skull the agreement proportionally decreased without reaching a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). In conclusion, WBLDCT showed an almost perfect agreement in the evaluation of focal involvement, staging, lesion number, and distribution of bone involvement in comparison with WBMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ippolito
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, “San Gerardo” Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (T.G.); (C.M.); (D.G.); (M.R.)
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (P.A.B.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Giandola
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, “San Gerardo” Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (T.G.); (C.M.); (D.G.); (M.R.)
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (P.A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Cesare Maino
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, “San Gerardo” Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (T.G.); (C.M.); (D.G.); (M.R.)
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (P.A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Davide Gandola
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, “San Gerardo” Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (T.G.); (C.M.); (D.G.); (M.R.)
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (P.A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Ragusi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, “San Gerardo” Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (T.G.); (C.M.); (D.G.); (M.R.)
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (P.A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Pietro Andrea Bonaffini
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (P.A.B.); (S.S.)
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, H Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, BG, Italy
| | - Sandro Sironi
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy; (P.A.B.); (S.S.)
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, H Papa Giovanni XXIII, Piazza OMS 1, 24127 Bergamo, BG, Italy
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Brandelik SC, Skornitzke S, Mokry T, Sauer S, Stiller W, Nattenmüller J, Kauczor HU, Weber TF, Do TD. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of plasma cell dyscrasias in dual-layer spectral CT. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:7664-7673. [PMID: 33783572 PMCID: PMC8452563 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Virtual non-calcium (VNCa) images could improve assessment of plasma cell dyscrasias by enhancing visibility of bone marrow. Thus, VNCa images from dual-layer spectral CT (DLCT) were evaluated at different calcium suppression (CaSupp) indices, correlating results with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from MRI. Methods Thirty-two patients with initial clinical diagnosis of a plasma cell dyscrasia before any chemotherapeutic treatment, who had undergone whole-body low-dose DLCT and MRI within 2 months, were retrospectively enrolled. VNCa images with CaSupp indices ranging from 25 to 95 in steps of 10, conventional CT images, and ADC maps were quantitatively analyzed using region-of-interests in the vertebral bodies C7, T12, L1-L5, and the iliac bone. Independent two-sample t-test, Wilcoxon-signed-rank test, Pearson’s correlation, and ROC analysis were performed. Results Eighteen patients had a non-diffuse, 14 a diffuse infiltration in conventional MRI. A significant difference between diffuse and non-diffuse infiltration was shown for VNCa-CT with CaSupp indices from 55 to 95, for conventional CT, and for ADC (each p < 0.0001). Significant quantitative correlation between VNCa-CT and MRI could be found with strongest correlation at CaSupp index 65 for L3 (r = 0.68, p < 0.0001) and averaged L1-L5 (r = 0.66, p < 0.0001). The optimum CT number cut-off point for differentiation between diffuse and non-diffuse infiltration at CaSupp index 65 for averaged L1-L5 was −1.6 HU (sensitivity 78.6%, specificity 75.0%). Conclusion Measurements in VNCa-CT showed the highest correlation with ADC at CaSupp index 65. VNCa technique may prove useful for evaluation of bone marrow infiltration if MRI is not feasible. Key Points • VNCa-CT images can support the evaluation of bone marrow infiltration in plasma cell dyscrasias. • VNCa measurements of vertebral bodies show significant correlation with ADC in MRI. • Averaging L1-L5 at CaSupp index 65 allowed quantitative detection of infiltration comparable to MRI ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Brandelik
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Skornitzke
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Mokry
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Sauer
- Medical Department V, Hematology/Oncology/Rheumatology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W Stiller
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Nattenmüller
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H U Kauczor
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T F Weber
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T D Do
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 420, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Detection of bone marrow edema in osteonecrosis of the femoral head using virtual noncalcium dual-energy computed tomography. Eur J Radiol 2021; 139:109681. [PMID: 33819804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the diagnostic performance of virtual noncalcium (VNCa) dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in the detection of bone marrow edema (BME) in participants with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). METHODS In this prospective study, 24 consecutive participants (15 men, 9 women; mean age, 44 years, range, 21-72 years) diagnosed with ONFH who underwent DECT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between September 2019 and January 2020 were involved. Two independent readers visually evaluated color-coded VNCa images using a binary classification (0 = normal bone marrow, 1 = BME). MRI served as the reference standard for the presence of BME. Interobserver agreement for the visual evaluation of VNCa DECT images was calculated with κ statistics. We determined computed tomography (CT) numbers on VNCa images and weighted-average CT sets using region-of-interest-based quantitative analysis. The t-test was used to compare the differences of CT values between BME areas and normal bone marrow areas. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to select an optimal CT values of VNCa images for detecting BME. A p value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Reader 1 and Reader 2, respectively, in the identification of BME at DECT were 95 % and 89 % (18 and 17 of 19), 96 % and 96 % (25 and 25 of 26), and 93 % (43 and 42 of 45). Interobserver agreement was excellent (κ = 0.86). The VNCa CT numbers of the BME area and the normal bone marrow area were -28.6 (-17.9--39.4) HU and -97.9 (-91.3--104.4) HU, respectively, with statistical significance (t = -10.6, p < 0.001). The weighted-average CT numbers of the BME area and the normal bone marrow area were 152.4(122.2-182.7) HU and 121.1(103.6-183.6) HU, respectively, with no statistical significance (t = -2.0, p > 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.99 in differentiation of the BME from normal bone marrow. A cut-off value of -57.2 HU yielded overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively, of 95 % (18 of 19), 100 % (26 of 26), and 98 % (44 of 45) detection of BME in participants with ONFH. CONCLUSION Visual and quantitative analyses of VNCa images shows excellent diagnostic performance for assessing BME in participants with ONFH.
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Abstract
Metastatic bone disease (MBD) is common—it is detected in up to 65–75% of patients with breast or prostate cancer, in over 35% of patients with lung cancer; and almost all patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma have focal lesions or a diffuse bone marrow infiltration. Metastatic bone disease can cause a variety of symptoms and is often associated with a poorer prognosis, with high social and health-care costs. Population-based cohort studies confirm significantly increased health-care utilization costs in patients presenting with cancer with MBD compared with those without MBD. The prolonged survival of patients with bone metastasis thanks to advances in therapy presents an opportunity for better treatments for this patient cohort. Early and accurate diagnosis of bone metastases is therefore crucial. The patterns and presentation of MBD are quite heterogeneous and necessitate good knowledge of the possibilities and limitations of each imaging modality. Here, we review the state-of-the-art imaging techniques, assess the need for evidence-based and cost-effective patient care pathways, and advocate multidisciplinary management based on collaborations between orthopedic surgeons, pathologists, oncologists, radiotherapists, and radiologists aimed at improving patient outcomes. Radiologists play a key role in this multidisciplinary approach to decision-making through correlating the tumor entity, the tumor biology, the impact on the surrounding tissues and progression, as well as the overall condition of the patient. This approach helps to choose the best patient-tailored imaging plan advocating a “choose wisely” strategy throughout the initial diagnosis, minimally invasive treatment procedures, as well as follow-up care plans.
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Incremental diagnostic value of color-coded virtual non-calcium dual-energy CT for the assessment of traumatic bone marrow edema of the scaphoid. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:4428-4437. [PMID: 33409799 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of color-coded dual-energy CT virtual non-calcium (VNCa) reconstructions for the assessment of bone marrow edema (BME) of the scaphoid in patients with acute wrist trauma. METHODS Our retrospective study included data from 141 patients (67 women, 74 men; mean age 43 years, range 19-80 years) with acute wrist trauma who had undergone third-generation dual-source dual-energy CT and 3-T MRI within 7 days. Eight weeks after assessment of conventional grayscale dual-energy CT scans for the presence of fractures, corresponding color-coded VNCa reconstructions were independently analyzed by the same six radiologists for the presence of BME. CT numbers on VNCa reconstructions were evaluated by a seventh radiologist. Consensus reading of MRI series by two additional radiologists served as the reference standard. RESULTS MRI depicted 103 scaphoideal zones with BME in 76 patients. On qualitative analysis, VNCa images yielded high overall sensitivity (580/618 [94%]), specificity (1880/1920 [98%]), and accuracy (2460/2538 [97%]) for assessing BME as compared with MRI as reference standard. The interobserver agreement was excellent (κ = 0.98). CT numbers derived from VNCa images were significantly different in zones with and without edema (p < 0.001). A cutoff value of - 46 Hounsfield units provided a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 97% for differentiating edematous scaphoid lesions. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed an overall area under the curve of 0.98. CONCLUSIONS Qualitative and quantitative analyses showed excellent diagnostic accuracy of color-coded VNCa reconstructions for assessing traumatic BME of the scaphoid compared to MRI. KEY POINTS • Color-coded virtual non-calcium (VNCa) reconstructions yield excellent diagnostic accuracy in assessing bone marrow edema of the scaphoid. • VNCa imaging enables detection of non-displaced fractures that are occult on standard grayscale CT. • Diagnostic confidence is comparable between VNCa imaging and MRI.
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