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Shiroishi MS, Erickson BJ, Hu LS, Barboriak DP, Becerra L, Bell LC, Boss MA, Boxerman JL, Cen S, Cimino L, Fan Z, Keenan KE, Kirsch JE, Ameli N, Nazemi S, Quarles CC, Rosen MA, Rodriguez L, Schmainda KM, Zahlmann G, Zhou Y, Obuchowski N, Wu O. The QIBA Profile for Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MRI Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers for Assessing Gliomas. Radiology 2024; 313:e232555. [PMID: 39656118 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.232555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI measures of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) play a central role in monitoring therapeutic response and disease progression in patients with gliomas. Previous investigations have demonstrated promise of using rCBV in classifying tumor grade, elucidating tumor viability after therapy, and differentiating pseudoprogression and pseudoresponse. However, the quantification and reproducibility of rCBV measurements across patients, devices, and software remain a critical barrier to routine or clinical trial use of longitudinal DSC MRI in patients with gliomas. To address this limitation, the RSNA DSC MRI Biomarker Committee of the Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance developed a Profile that defines statistics-based claims for the precision of longitudinal measurements. Although rCBV is the clinical marker of interest, the Profile focused on the reproducibility of the measured quantitative imaging biomarker, which is the area under the contrast agent concentration-time curve (AUC) normalized by the mean value of normal-appearing contralateral white matter tissue (tissue-normalized AUC values). Based on previous reports of within-subject coefficient of variation (wCV) in the tissue-normalized AUC values for enhancing gliomas (wCV = 0.31), an increase of 182% or more with respect to the baseline tissue-normalized AUC value indicates that an increase has occurred with 95% confidence. In contrast, a decrease of 64% or more with respect to baseline suggests that a decrease has occurred with 95% confidence. Similarly, an increase of 399% or more in the tissue-normalized AUC values in normal brain gray matter tissue (wCV = 0.40) suggests that an increase has occurred with 95% confidence, whereas a decrease of 80% or more with respect to baseline suggests that a decrease has occurred with 95% confidence. This article provides the rationale for these claims and the compliance activities needed to achieve these claims. Potential updates to incorporate new data based on advances in technology and clinical care in the Profile are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Shiroishi
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Bradley J Erickson
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Leland S Hu
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Daniel P Barboriak
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Lino Becerra
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Laura C Bell
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Michael A Boss
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Jerrold L Boxerman
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Steven Cen
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Lisa Cimino
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Zhaoyang Fan
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Kathryn E Keenan
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - John E Kirsch
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Nima Ameli
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Sina Nazemi
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - C Chad Quarles
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Mark A Rosen
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Luis Rodriguez
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Kathleen M Schmainda
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Gudrun Zahlmann
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Yuxiang Zhou
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Nancy Obuchowski
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
| | - Ona Wu
- From the Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Calif (M.S.S., S.C., Z.F., N.A., S.N.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (B.J.E.); Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Ariz (L.S.H., Y.Z.); Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (D.P.B.); Invicro, Needham, Mass (L.B.); Clinical Imaging Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, Calif (L.C.B.); Imaging Core Laboratory, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.B., L.C.); Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI (J.L.B.); National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colo (K.E.K.); Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th St, CNY 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129 (J.E.K., L.R., O.W.); Barrows Neurologic Institute, Phoenix, Ariz (C.C.Q.); Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex (C.C.Q.); Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (M.A.R.); College of Undergraduate Studies, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Fla (L.R.); Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis (K.M.S.); Independent Consultant, Basel, Switzerland (G.Z.); and Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.O.)
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8
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Kinahan PE, Perlman ES, Sunderland JJ, Subramaniam R, Wollenweber SD, Turkington TG, Lodge MA, Boellaard R, Obuchowski NA, Wahl RL. The QIBA Profile for FDG PET/CT as an Imaging Biomarker Measuring Response to Cancer Therapy. Radiology 2020; 294:647-657. [PMID: 31909700 PMCID: PMC7053216 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019191882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA) Profile for fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT imaging was created by QIBA to both characterize and reduce the variability of standardized uptake values (SUVs). The Profile provides two complementary claims on the precision of SUV measurements. First, tumor glycolytic activity as reflected by the maximum SUV (SUVmax) is measurable from FDG PET/CT with a within-subject coefficient of variation of 10%-12%. Second, a measured increase in SUVmax of 39% or more, or a decrease of 28% or more, indicates that a true change has occurred with 95% confidence. Two applicable use cases are clinical trials and following individual patients in clinical practice. Other components of the Profile address the protocols and conformance standards considered necessary to achieve the performance claim. The Profile is intended for use by a broad audience; applications can range from discovery science through clinical trials to clinical practice. The goal of this report is to provide a rationale and overview of the FDG PET/CT Profile claims as well as its context, and to outline future needs and potential developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Kinahan
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE
Pacific St, RR215, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195-7117 (P.E.K.); Perlman Advisory
Group, LLC, Hillsdale, NY (E.S.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa (J.J.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas
Southwestern, Dallas, Tex (R.S.); GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wis (S.D.W.);
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.G.T.);
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (M.A.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Quantitative Health Sciences,
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.A.O.); and Mallinckrodt
Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
(R.L.W.)
| | - Eric S. Perlman
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE
Pacific St, RR215, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195-7117 (P.E.K.); Perlman Advisory
Group, LLC, Hillsdale, NY (E.S.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa (J.J.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas
Southwestern, Dallas, Tex (R.S.); GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wis (S.D.W.);
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.G.T.);
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (M.A.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Quantitative Health Sciences,
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.A.O.); and Mallinckrodt
Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
(R.L.W.)
| | - John J. Sunderland
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE
Pacific St, RR215, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195-7117 (P.E.K.); Perlman Advisory
Group, LLC, Hillsdale, NY (E.S.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa (J.J.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas
Southwestern, Dallas, Tex (R.S.); GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wis (S.D.W.);
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.G.T.);
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (M.A.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Quantitative Health Sciences,
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.A.O.); and Mallinckrodt
Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
(R.L.W.)
| | - Rathan Subramaniam
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE
Pacific St, RR215, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195-7117 (P.E.K.); Perlman Advisory
Group, LLC, Hillsdale, NY (E.S.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa (J.J.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas
Southwestern, Dallas, Tex (R.S.); GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wis (S.D.W.);
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.G.T.);
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (M.A.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Quantitative Health Sciences,
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.A.O.); and Mallinckrodt
Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
(R.L.W.)
| | - Scott D. Wollenweber
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE
Pacific St, RR215, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195-7117 (P.E.K.); Perlman Advisory
Group, LLC, Hillsdale, NY (E.S.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa (J.J.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas
Southwestern, Dallas, Tex (R.S.); GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wis (S.D.W.);
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.G.T.);
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (M.A.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Quantitative Health Sciences,
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.A.O.); and Mallinckrodt
Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
(R.L.W.)
| | - Timothy G. Turkington
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE
Pacific St, RR215, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195-7117 (P.E.K.); Perlman Advisory
Group, LLC, Hillsdale, NY (E.S.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa (J.J.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas
Southwestern, Dallas, Tex (R.S.); GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wis (S.D.W.);
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.G.T.);
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (M.A.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Quantitative Health Sciences,
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.A.O.); and Mallinckrodt
Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
(R.L.W.)
| | - Martin A. Lodge
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE
Pacific St, RR215, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195-7117 (P.E.K.); Perlman Advisory
Group, LLC, Hillsdale, NY (E.S.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa (J.J.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas
Southwestern, Dallas, Tex (R.S.); GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wis (S.D.W.);
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.G.T.);
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (M.A.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Quantitative Health Sciences,
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.A.O.); and Mallinckrodt
Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
(R.L.W.)
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE
Pacific St, RR215, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195-7117 (P.E.K.); Perlman Advisory
Group, LLC, Hillsdale, NY (E.S.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa (J.J.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas
Southwestern, Dallas, Tex (R.S.); GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wis (S.D.W.);
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.G.T.);
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (M.A.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Quantitative Health Sciences,
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.A.O.); and Mallinckrodt
Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
(R.L.W.)
| | - Nancy A. Obuchowski
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE
Pacific St, RR215, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195-7117 (P.E.K.); Perlman Advisory
Group, LLC, Hillsdale, NY (E.S.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa (J.J.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas
Southwestern, Dallas, Tex (R.S.); GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wis (S.D.W.);
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.G.T.);
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (M.A.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Quantitative Health Sciences,
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.A.O.); and Mallinckrodt
Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
(R.L.W.)
| | - Richard L. Wahl
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE
Pacific St, RR215, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195-7117 (P.E.K.); Perlman Advisory
Group, LLC, Hillsdale, NY (E.S.P.); Department of Radiology, University of Iowa,
Iowa City, Iowa (J.J.S.); Department of Radiology, University of Texas
Southwestern, Dallas, Tex (R.S.); GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wis (S.D.W.);
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (T.G.T.);
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns
Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md (M.A.L.); Department of Radiology and Nuclear
Medicine, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.B.); Quantitative Health Sciences,
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio (N.A.O.); and Mallinckrodt
Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
(R.L.W.)
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