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Cozzi A, Di Leo G, Houssami N, Gilbert FJ, Helbich TH, Álvarez Benito M, Balleyguier C, Bazzocchi M, Bult P, Calabrese M, Camps Herrero J, Cartia F, Cassano E, Clauser P, de Lima Docema MF, Depretto C, Dominelli V, Forrai G, Girometti R, Harms SE, Hilborne S, Ienzi R, Lobbes MBI, Losio C, Mann RM, Montemezzi S, Obdeijn IM, Aksoy Ozcan U, Pediconi F, Pinker K, Preibsch H, Raya Povedano JL, Rossi Saccarelli C, Sacchetto D, Scaperrotta GP, Schlooz M, Szabó BK, Taylor DB, Ulus SÖ, Van Goethem M, Veltman J, Weigel S, Wenkel E, Zuiani C, Sardanelli F. Preoperative breast MRI positively impacts surgical outcomes of needle biopsy-diagnosed pure DCIS: a patient-matched analysis from the MIPA study. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:3970-3980. [PMID: 37999727 PMCID: PMC11166778 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10409-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of preoperative breast MRI on mastectomy and reoperation rates in patients with pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). METHODS The MIPA observational study database (7245 patients) was searched for patients aged 18-80 years with pure unilateral DCIS diagnosed at core needle or vacuum-assisted biopsy (CNB/VAB) and planned for primary surgery. Patients who underwent preoperative MRI (MRI group) were matched (1:1) to those who did not receive MRI (noMRI group) according to 8 confounding covariates that drive referral to MRI (age; hormonal status; familial risk; posterior-to-nipple diameter; BI-RADS category; lesion diameter; lesion presentation; surgical planning at conventional imaging). Surgical outcomes were compared between the matched groups with nonparametric statistics after calculating odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS Of 1005 women with pure unilateral DCIS at CNB/VAB (507 MRI group, 498 noMRI group), 309 remained in each group after matching. First-line mastectomy rate in the MRI group was 20.1% (62/309 patients, OR 2.03) compared to 11.0% in the noMRI group (34/309 patients, p = 0.003). The reoperation rate was 10.0% in the MRI group (31/309, OR for reoperation 0.40) and 22.0% in the noMRI group (68/309, p < 0.001), with a 2.53 OR of avoiding reoperation in the MRI group. The overall mastectomy rate was 23.3% in the MRI group (72/309, OR 1.40) and 17.8% in the noMRI group (55/309, p = 0.111). CONCLUSIONS Compared to those going directly to surgery, patients with pure DCIS at CNB/VAB who underwent preoperative MRI had a higher OR for first-line mastectomy but a substantially lower OR for reoperation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT When confounding factors behind MRI referral are accounted for in the comparison of patients with CNB/VAB-diagnosed pure unilateral DCIS, preoperative MRI yields a reduction of reoperations that is more than twice as high as the increase in overall mastectomies. KEY POINTS • Confounding factors cause imbalance when investigating the influence of preoperative MRI on surgical outcomes of pure DCIS. • When patient matching is applied to women with pure unilateral DCIS, reoperation rates are significantly reduced in women who underwent preoperative MRI. • The reduction of reoperations brought about by preoperative MRI is more than double the increase in overall mastectomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cozzi
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Rodolfo Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Di Leo
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Rodolfo Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Nehmat Houssami
- The Daffodil Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney (Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW), Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona J Gilbert
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas H Helbich
- Division of General and Paediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Molecular and Structural Preclinical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Corinne Balleyguier
- Department of Radiology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Biomaps, UMR1281 INSERM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Massimo Bazzocchi
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Ospedale Universitario S. Maria della Misericordia, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Peter Bult
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Calabrese
- Unit of Oncological and Breast Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Julia Camps Herrero
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario de La Ribera, Alzira, Spain
- Ribera Salud Hospitals, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesco Cartia
- Unit of Breast Imaging, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Cassano
- Breast Imaging Division, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Clauser
- Division of General and Paediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Catherine Depretto
- Unit of Breast Imaging, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Dominelli
- Breast Imaging Division, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gábor Forrai
- Department of Radiology, MHEK Teaching Hospital, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Radiology, Duna Medical Center, GE-RAD Kft, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rossano Girometti
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Ospedale Universitario S. Maria della Misericordia, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Steven E Harms
- Breast Center of Northwest Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sarah Hilborne
- Department of Radiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Raffaele Ienzi
- Department of Radiology, Di.Bi.MED, Policlinico Universitario Paolo Giaccone Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marc B I Lobbes
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudio Losio
- Department of Breast Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ritse M Mann
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefania Montemezzi
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Inge-Marie Obdeijn
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Umit Aksoy Ozcan
- Department of Radiology, Acıbadem Atasehir Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Federica Pediconi
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Katja Pinker
- Division of General and Paediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heike Preibsch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniela Sacchetto
- Kiwifarm S.R.L., La Morra, Italy
- Disaster Medicine Service 118, ASL CN1, Levaldigi, Italy
| | | | - Margrethe Schlooz
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Botond K Szabó
- Department of Radiology, Barking Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Donna B Taylor
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Sila Ö Ulus
- Department of Radiology, Acıbadem Atasehir Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mireille Van Goethem
- Gynecological Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Radiology, Multidisciplinary Breast Clinic, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Veltman
- Maatschap Radiologie Oost-Nederland, Oldenzaal, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Weigel
- Clinic for Radiology and Reference Center for Mammography, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Evelyn Wenkel
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chiara Zuiani
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, Ospedale Universitario S. Maria della Misericordia, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Rodolfo Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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14
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Chou SHS, Romanoff J, Lehman CD, Khan SA, Carlos R, Badve SS, Xiao J, Corsetti RL, Javid SH, Spell DW, Han LK, Sabol JL, Bumberry JR, Gareen IF, Snyder BS, Gatsonis C, Wagner LI, Wolff AC, Miller KD, Sparano JA, Comstock CE, Rahbar H. Preoperative Breast MRI for Newly Diagnosed Ductal Carcinoma in Situ: Imaging Features and Performance in a Multicenter Setting (ECOG-ACRIN E4112 Trial). Radiology 2021; 301:66-77. [PMID: 34342501 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021204743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background There are limited data from clinical trials describing preoperative MRI features and performance in the evaluation of mammographically detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Purpose To report qualitative MRI features of DCIS, MRI performance in the identification of additional disease, and associations of imaging features with pathologic, genomic, and surgical outcomes from the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ECOG-ACRIN) E4112 trial. Materials and Methods Secondary analyses of a multicenter prospective clinical trial from the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group included women with DCIS diagnosed with conventional imaging techniques (mammography and US), confirmed via core-needle biopsy (CNB), and enrolled between March 2015 and April 2016 who were candidates for wide local excision (WLE) based on conventional imaging and clinical examination results. DCIS MRI features and pathologic features from CNB and excision were recorded. Each woman without invasive upgrade of the index DCIS at WLE received a 12-gene DCIS score. MRI performance metrics were calculated. Associations of imaging features with invasive upgrade, dichotomized DCIS score (<39 vs ≥39), and single WLE success were estimated in uni- and multivariable analyses. Results Among 339 women (median age, 60 years; interquartile range, 51-66 years), most DCIS cases showed nonmass enhancement (NME) (195 of 339 [58%]) on MRI scans with larger median size than on mammograms (19 mm vs 12 mm; P < .001). Positive predictive value of MRI-prompted CNBs was 32% (21 of 66) (95% CI: 22, 44), yielding an additional cancer detection rate of 6.2% (21 of 339) (95% CI: 4.1, 9.3). MRI false-positive rate was 14.2% (45 of 318) (95% CI: 10.7, 18.4). No imaging features were associated with invasive upgrade or DCIS score (P = .05 to P = .95). Smaller size and focal NME distribution at MRI were linked to single WLE success (P < .001). Conclusion Preoperative MRI depicted ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosed with conventional imaging most commonly as nonmass enhancement, with larger median span than mammography, and additional cancer detection rate of 6.2%. MRI features of this subset of DCIS did not enable prediction of pathologic or genomic outcomes. Clinical trial registration no. NCT02352883 © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Kuhl in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinn-Huey S Chou
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Justin Romanoff
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Constance D Lehman
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Seema A Khan
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Ruth Carlos
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Sunil S Badve
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Jennifer Xiao
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Ralph L Corsetti
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Sara H Javid
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Derrick W Spell
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Linda K Han
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Jennifer L Sabol
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - John R Bumberry
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Ilana F Gareen
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Bradley S Snyder
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Constantine Gatsonis
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Lynne I Wagner
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Antonio C Wolff
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Kathy D Miller
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Joseph A Sparano
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Christopher E Comstock
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
| | - Habib Rahbar
- From the Dept of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hosp, 55 Fruit Street, WAC-240, Boston, MA 02114 (S.H.S.C., C.D.L.); Ctr for Statistical Sciences, Brown Univ School of Public Health, Providence, RI (J.R., I.F.G., B.S.S., C.G.); Dept of Medicine, Northwestern Univ Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (S.A.K.); Dept of Radiology, Univ of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Mich (R.C.); Depts of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (S.S.B.) and Medicine (K.D.M.), Indiana Univ School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind; Dept of Radiology (J.X., H.R.) and Surgery (S.H.J.), Univ of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash; Dept of Surgery, Tulane Univ School of Medicine, New Orleans, La (R.L.C.); Community Oncology Research Program, Gulf-South National Cancer Inst, New Orleans, La (D.W.S.); Dept of Surgery, Parkview Cancer Inst, Fort Wayne, Ind (L.K.H.); Dept of Surgery, Lankenau Medical Ctr, Wynnewood, Pa (J.L.S.); Dept of Surgery, Mercy Hosp Springfield, Springfield, Mo (J.R.B.); Depts of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.I.W.); Dept of Oncology, Johns Hopkins Univ School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md (A.C.W.); Dept of Medicine (Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center-Weiler Hosp, Bronx, NY (J.A.S.); and Dept of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Ctr, New York, NY (C.E.C.)
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