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For: Lv WJ, Zhao XY, Hu DD, Xin XH, Qin LL, Hu CH. Insight into Bile Duct Reaction to Obstruction from a Three-dimensional Perspective Using ex Vivo Phase-Contrast CT. Radiology 2021;299:597-610. [PMID: 33876972 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021203967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]

For:	Lv WJ, Zhao XY, Hu DD, Xin XH, Qin LL, Hu CH. Insight into Bile Duct Reaction to Obstruction from a Three-dimensional Perspective Using ex Vivo Phase-Contrast CT. Radiology 2021;299:597-610. [PMID: 33876972 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021203967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]

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Cited by Other Article(s)

Brunet J, Cook AC, Walsh CL, Cranley J, Tafforeau P, Engel K, Arthurs O, Berruyer C, Burke O’Leary E, Bellier A, Torii R, Werlein C, Jonigk DD, Ackermann M, Dollman K, Lee PD, Atzen S. Multidimensional Analysis of the Adult Human Heart in Health and Disease Using Hierarchical Phase-Contrast Tomography. Radiology 2024;312:e232731. [PMID: 39012246 PMCID: PMC11303834 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.232731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]

Abstract

Background Current clinical imaging modalities such as CT and MRI provide resolution adequate to diagnose cardiovascular diseases but cannot depict detailed structural features in the heart across length scales. Hierarchical phase-contrast tomography (HiP-CT) uses fourth-generation synchrotron sources with improved x-ray brilliance and high energies to provide micron-resolution imaging of intact adult organs with unprecedented detail. Purpose To evaluate the capability of HiP-CT to depict the macro- to microanatomy of structurally normal and abnormal adult human hearts ex vivo. Materials and Methods Between February 2021 and September 2023, two adult human donor hearts were obtained, fixed in formalin, and prepared using a mixture of crushed agar in a 70% ethanol solution. One heart was from a 63-year-old White male without known cardiac disease, and the other was from an 87-year-old White female with a history of multiple known cardiovascular pathologies including ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. Nondestructive ex vivo imaging of these hearts without exogenous contrast agent was performed using HiP-CT at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. Results HiP-CT demonstrated the capacity for high-spatial-resolution, multiscale cardiac imaging ex vivo, revealing histologic-level detail of the myocardium, valves, coronary arteries, and cardiac conduction system across length scales. Virtual sectioning of the cardiac conduction system provided information on fatty infiltration, vascular supply, and pathways between the cardiac nodes and adjacent structures. HiP-CT achieved resolutions ranging from gross (isotropic voxels of approximately 20 µm) to microscopic (approximately 6.4-µm voxel size) to cellular (approximately 2.3-µm voxel size) in scale. The potential for quantitative assessment of features in health and disease was demonstrated. Conclusion HiP-CT provided high-spatial-resolution, three-dimensional images of structurally normal and diseased ex vivo adult human hearts. Whole-heart image volumes were obtained with isotropic voxels of approximately 20 µm, and local regions of interest were obtained with resolution down to 2.3-6.4 µm without the need for sectioning, destructive techniques, or exogenous contrast agents. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Bluemke and Pourmorteza in this issue.

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Affiliation(s)

Joseph Brunet From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
Andrew C. Cook From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
Claire L. Walsh From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
James Cranley From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
Paul Tafforeau From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
Klaus Engel From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
Owen Arthurs From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
Camille Berruyer From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
Emer Burke O’Leary From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
Alexandre Bellier From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
Ryo Torii From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
Christopher Werlein From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
Danny D. Jonigk From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
Maximilian Ackermann From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
Kathleen Dollman From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
Peter D. Lee From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)
Sarah Atzen From the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, England (J.B., C.L.W., C.B., E.B.O.L., R.T., P.D.L.); European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Av des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France (J.B., P.T., C.B., K.D.); UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, England (A.C.C.); Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, England (J.C.); Siemenst Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany (K.E.); Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, England (O.A.); Laboratoire d’Anatomie des Alpes Françaises, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France (A.B.); Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (C.W.); Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany (D.D.J.); Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (D.D.J., M.A.); Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, Universität Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany (M.A.); Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg–University Mainz, Mainz, Germany (M.A.); and Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, England (P.D.L.)

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Shan S, Zhao X, Wood-Trageser MA, Hu D, Liu L, Qi B, Jian J, Wang P, Lv W, Hu C. Obliteration of portal venules contributes to portal hypertension in biliary cirrhosis. J Pathol 2024;263:178-189. [PMID: 38551075 DOI: 10.1002/path.6273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]

Abstract

The effects of the obliteration of portal venules (OPV) in cirrhotic portal hypertension are poorly understood. To investigate its contribution to portal hypertension in biliary cirrhosis and its underlying mechanism, we evaluated OPV using two-dimensional (2D) histopathology in liver explants from patients with biliary atresia (BA, n = 63), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, n = 18), and hepatitis B-related cirrhosis (Hep-B-cirrhosis, n = 35). Then, three-dimensional (3D) OPV was measured by X-ray phase-contrast CT in two parallel models in rats following bile duct ligation (BDL) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration, representing biliary cirrhosis and post-necrotic cirrhosis, respectively. The portal pressure was also measured in the two models. Finally, the effects of proliferative bile ducts on OPV were investigated. We found that OPV was significantly more frequent in patients with biliary cirrhosis, including BA (78.57 ± 16.45%) and PBC (60.00 ± 17.15%), than that in Hep-B-cirrhotic patients (29.43 ± 14.94%, p < 0.001). OPV occurred earlier, evidenced by the paired liver biopsy at a Kasai procedure (KP), and was irreversible even after a successful KP in the patients with BA. OPV was also significantly more frequent in the BDL models than in the CCl4 models, as shown by 2D and 3D quantitative analysis. Portal pressure was significantly higher in the BDL model than that in the CCl4 model. With the proliferation of bile ducts, portal venules were compressed and irreversibly occluded, contributing to the earlier and higher portal pressure in biliary cirrhosis. OPV, as a pre-sinusoidal component, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension in biliary cirrhosis. The proliferated bile ducts and ductules gradually take up the 'territory' originally attributed to portal venules and compress the portal venules, which may lead to OPV in biliary cirrhosis. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

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Xin X, Jian J, Fan X, Qi B, Zhao Y, Lv W, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Hu C. Multiscale X-ray phase-contrast CT unveils the evolution of bile infarct in obstructive biliary disease. Commun Biol 2024;7:490. [PMID: 38654111 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open

Insight into microvascular adaptive alterations in the Glisson system of biliary atresia after Kasai portoenterostomy using X-ray phase-contrast CT. Eur Radiol 2022;33:4082-4093. [PMID: 36576546 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

To investigate microvascular alterations in the Glisson system of biliary atresia (BA) patients after Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) using three-dimensional (3D) virtual histopathology based on X-ray phase-contrast CT (PCCT).

METHODS

Liver explants from BA patients were imaged using PCCT, and 32 subjects were included and divided into two groups: KP (n = 16) and non-KP (n = 16). Combined with histological analysis and 3D visualization technology, 3D virtual histopathological assessment of the biliary, arterial, and portal venous systems was performed. According to loop volume ratio, 3D spatial density, relative surface area, tortuosity, and other parameters, pathological changes of microvasculature in the Glisson system were investigated.

RESULTS

In the non-KP group, bile ducts mostly manifested as radial multifurcated hyperplasia and twisted into loops. In the KP group, the bile duct hyperplasia was less, and the loop volume ratio of bile ducts decreased by 13.89%. Simultaneously, the arterial and portal venous systems presented adaptive alterations in response to degrees of bile duct hyperplasia. Compared with the non-KP group, the 3D spatial density of arteries in the KP group decreased by 3.53%, and the relative surface area decreased from 0.088 ± 0.035 to 0.039 ± 0.015 (p < .01). Deformed portal branches gradually recovered after KP, with a 2.93% increase in 3D spatial density and a decrease in tortuosity from 1.17 ± 0.06 to 1.14 ± 0.04 (p < .01) compared to the non-KP group.

CONCLUSION

3D virtual histopathology via PCCT clearly reveals the microvascular structures in the Glisson system of BA patients and provides key insights into the morphological mechanism of microvascular adaptation induced by biliary tract dredging after KP in BA disease.

KEY POINTS

• 3D virtual histopathology via X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography clearly presented the morphological structures and pathological changes of microvasculature in the Glisson system of biliary atresia patients. • The morphological alterations of microvasculature in the Glisson system followed the competitive occupancy mechanism in the process of biliary atresia.

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Li Y, Han S, Zhao Y, Li F, Ji D, Zhao X, Liu D, Jian J, Hu C. Synchrotron microtomography image restoration via regularization representation and deep CNN prior. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022;226:107181. [PMID: 36257200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Synchrotron-based X-ray microtomography (S-µCT) is a promising imaging technique that plays an important role in modern medical science. S-µCT systems often cause various artifacts and noises in the reconstructed CT images, such as ring artifacts, quantum noise, and electronic noise. In most situations, such noise and artifacts occur simultaneously, which results in a deterioration in the image quality and affects subsequent research. Due to the complexity of the distribution of these mixed artifacts and noise, it is difficult to restore the corrupted images. To address this issue, we propose a novel algorithm to remove mixed artifacts and noise from S-µCT images simultaneously.

METHODS

There are two important aspects of our method. Regarding ring artifacts, because of their specific structural characteristics, regularization-based methods are more suitable; thus, low-rank tensor decomposition and total variation are utilized to represent their directional and locally piecewise smoothness properties. Moreover, to determine the implicit prior of the random noise, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based method is used. The advantages of traditional regularization and the deep CNN are then combined and embedded in a plug-and-play framework. Hence, an efficient image restoration algorithm is proposed to address the problem of mixed artifacts and noise in S-µCT images.

RESULTS

Our proposed method was assessed by utilizing simulations and real data experiments. The qualitative results showed that the proposed method could effectively remove ring artifacts as well as random noise. The quantitative results demonstrated that the proposed method achieved almost the best results in terms of PSNR, SSIM and MAE compared to other methods.

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed method can serve as an effective tool for restoring corrupted S-µCT images, and it has the potential to promote the application of S-µCT.

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Zhao Y, Zheng M, Li Y, Han S, Li F, Qi B, Liu D, Hu C. Suppressing multi-material and streak artifacts with an accelerated 3D iterative image reconstruction algorithm for in-line X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022;30:19684-19704. [PMID: 36221738 DOI: 10.1364/oe.459924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]

Multiscale reconstruction of various vessels in the intact murine liver lobe. Commun Biol 2022;5:260. [PMID: 35332265 PMCID: PMC8948268 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open

Xin X, Xu H, Jian J, Lv W, Zhao Y, Li Y, Zhao X, Hu C. A method of three-dimensional branching geometry to differentiate the intrahepatic vascular type in early-stage liver fibrosis using X-ray phase-contrast CT. Eur J Radiol 2022;148:110178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]

Lv W, Jian J, Liu J, Zhao X, Xin X, Hu C. Use of the volume-averaged Murray's deviation method for the characterization of branching geometry in liver fibrosis: a preliminary study on vascular circulation. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022;12:979-991. [PMID: 35111599 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]

Abstract

Background

Vascular changes in liver fibrosis can result in increased intrahepatic vascular resistance and impaired blood circulation. This can hinder the recovery from fibrosis and may eventually lead to portal hypertension, a major cirrhosis complication. This report proposed a volume-averaged Murray's deviation method to characterize intrahepatic circulation in the liver during fibrosis and its subsequent regression via X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (PCCT).

Methods

Liver fibrosis was induced in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats by exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) for up to 10 weeks, after which, spontaneous regression commenced and continued until week 30. High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the livers was performed with PCCT. The values of Murray's deviation based on the volume-averaged and the conventional diameter-based methods were compared. After that, the intrahepatic circulation at different stages of fibrosis was evaluated using the volume-averaged method. The increase in collagen during liver fibrosis was assessed by pathological analyses.

Results

A comparison of the 2 methods showed that with an increase in the number of diameter measurements, the value of Murrary's deviation obtained using the diameter-based method gradually approaches those of the volume-averaged method, with minimal variations. The value of Murray's deviation increased with the development of fibrosis. After reversal, the value rapidly decreased and approached that of the normal state in both the main branches (1.05±0.17, 1.17±0.21, 1.34±0.18, and 1.17±0.19 in the normal, moderate, severe, and regressive groups, respectively; P<0.05 between the severe group and other groups) and the small branches (1.05±0.09, 1.42±0.48, 1.79±0.57, and 1.18±0.28 in the normal, moderate, severe, and regressive group, respectively; P<0.05 between adjacent groups). An analysis of Murray's deviation and the pathological results showed that the vascular circulation in this disease model was consistent with the progression and recovery from fibrosis.

Conclusions

This study showed the validity of the volume-averaged method for calculating Murray's deviation and demonstrated that it could accurately evaluate the blood circulation state of the liver during fibrosis and its subsequent regression. Thus, the volume-averaged method of calculating Murray's deviation may be an objective and valuable staging criterion to evaluate intrahepatic circulation during liver fibrosis.

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Li Y, Zhao Y, Ji D, Han S, Zheng M, Lv W, Xin X, Li F, Zhao X, Liu D, Hu C. 3D ring artifacts removal algorithm combined low-rank tensor decomposition with spatial-sequential total variation regularization and its application in phase-contrast microtomography. Med Phys 2021;49:393-410. [PMID: 34854084 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open

Abstract

PURPOSE

High-resolution synchrotron radiation X-ray phase contrast microtomography (PC-μCT) images often suffer from severe ring artifacts, which are mainly caused by undesirable responses of detector elements. In the medical imaging field, the existence of ring artifacts can lead to degraded visual quality and can directly affect diagnosis accuracy. Thus, removing or at least effectively reducing ring artifacts is indispensable.

METHOD

The existing ring artifacts removal algorithms mainly focus on two-dimensional (matrix-based) priors, and these algorithms fail to consider correlations hidden in sequential computed tomography (CT) images. This paper proposed a novel three-dimensional (tensor-based) ring artifacts removal algorithm for synchrotron radiation X-ray PC-μCT images. In the sinogram domain, ring artifacts manifest as vertical stripe artifacts. From an image decomposition perspective, a degraded sinogram can be decomposed into a stripe artifacts component and an underlying clean sinogram component. The proposed algorithm is designed to detect and remove stripe artifacts from a degraded sinogram by fully identifying the characteristics of the two components. Specifically, for the stripe artifacts component, tensor Tucker decomposition is used to describe its low-rank character. For the underlying clean sinogram component, spatial-sequential total variation regularization is adopted to enhance the piecewise smoothness. Moreover, the Frobenius norm term is further used to model Gaussian noise. An efficient augmented Lagrange multiplier method is designed to solve the proposed optimization model.

RESULTS

The proposed method is evaluated utilizing both simulations and real data containing different ring artifacts patterns. In the simulations, the human chest CT images are used for evaluating the proposed method. We compare the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM), and mean absolute error (MAE) results of our algorithm with the Naghia's method, the RRRTV method, the wavelet-FFT method, and the SDRSD-GIF method. The proposed method was also evaluated on real data from rat liver samples and rat tooth samples. Our proposed method outperforms the competing methods in terms of both qualitative and quantitative evaluation results. Additionally, the 3D visualization results were presented to make the ring artifacts removal effect more intuitive.

CONCLUSION

The experimental results on simulations and real data clearly demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the quality of PC-μCT images compared with the existing popular algorithms, and it has great potential to promote the application of high-resolution imaging for visualizing biological tissues.

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Hukkinen M, Ruuska S, Pihlajoki M, Kyrönlahti A, Pakarinen MP. Long-term outcomes of biliary atresia patients surviving with their native livers. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2021;56-57:101764. [PMID: 35331404 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2021.101764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]

Vannier MW, Wang G. Histomorphometry of Biliary Atresia with Phase-Contrast CT Microscopy Yields Unique Insights. Radiology 2021;299:611-612. [PMID: 33881375 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021210395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]