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Malhotra A, Futela D, Khunte M, Ebrahimian S, Lee C, Wu X, Payabvash S, Gandhi D. Salary Equity in Academic Radiology Relative to Other Clinical Specialties. Acad Radiol 2024; 31:2725-2727. [PMID: 38782618 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equity in faculty compensation in U.S. academic radiology physicians relative to other specialties is not well known. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess salary equity in U.S. academic radiology physicians at different ranks relative to other clinical specialties. METHODS The American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) Faculty Salary Survey was used to collect information for full-time faculty at U.S. medical schools. Financial compensation data were collected for 2023 for faculty with MD or equivalent degree in medical specialties, stratified by gender and rank. RESULTS The AAMC Faculty Salary Survey data for 2023 included responses for 97,224 faculty members in clinical specialties, with 5847 faculty members in Radiology departments. In radiology, compared to men (n = 3839), the women faculty members (n = 1763) had a lower median faculty compensation by 6% at the rank of Assistant Professor, 3% for Associate Professors, 4% for Professors and 6% for Section Chief positions. Surgery had the highest difference in median compensation with 21%, 24%, 22% and 19% lower faculty compensation, respectively, for women faculty members at corresponding ranks. Pathology had the lowest percent difference (<1%) in median compensation for all professor ranks. Salary inequity in radiology was lower compared to most other specialties. From assistant to full professors, all other clinical specialties except Pathology and Psychiatry, had a greater salary inequity than Radiology. CONCLUSION The salary inequity in academic radiology faculty is lower than most other specialties. Further efforts should be made to reduce salary inequities as broader efforts to provide a more diverse, equitable and inclusive environment. SUMMARY STATEMENT Salary inequity in academic radiology faculty is lower than most other specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Malhotra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Tompkins East 2, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, Connecticut 208042, USA.
| | - Dheeman Futela
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Tompkins East 2, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, Connecticut 208042, USA
| | - Mihir Khunte
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Tompkins East 2, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, Connecticut 208042, USA
| | - Shadi Ebrahimian
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Tompkins East 2, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, Connecticut 208042, USA
| | - Chris Lee
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Seyedmehdi Payabvash
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Tompkins East 2, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, Connecticut 208042, USA
| | - Dheeraj Gandhi
- Professor of Radiology, Nuclear, Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Professor and Director, Interventional Neuroradiology, Nuclear, Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Cole HA, Grimm LJ, Omofoye TS, Cooke EA, Heitkamp DE, Mills MK, Wang M, Maxfield CM, Chapman T. Women in leadership matters: Achieving diversity in radiology residency recruitment. Clin Imaging 2024; 111:110144. [PMID: 38749319 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2024.110144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To assess whether academic radiology departments and residency programs with efforts toward supporting and augmenting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) are associated with a higher proportion of residents from diverse backgrounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS Program Directors within the Radiology Residency Education Research Alliance were surveyed to gather information about program characteristics, incorporation of diversity in resident recruitment, the sponsoring department's commitment to efforts at expanding diversity, and a summary of their current and past residents, staff and faculty members (academic years 2020 and 2023) with respect to a list of diversity characteristics. RESULTS Survey response rate was 51 %. Sixty-three percent (15/24) of participating programs have departmental committees dedicated to DEI work; 46 % (11/24) of programs' departments have a Vice Chair for DEI. Sixty percent (15/24) of programs use their social media accounts to advertise their DEI programming efforts. Ninety-six percent (23/24) of programs participating in the survey use diversity factors to select candidates for their program. Women Leadership was associated with above-median diversity of residents and faculty. CONCLUSION This study of radiology residency programs encourages a more prominent role for women in leadership positions within academic radiology departments to drive diversity and inclusion efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Cole
- Department of Radiology and Radiologic Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Lars J Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Duke South, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Toma S Omofoye
- Department of Breast Imaging, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1350, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Erin A Cooke
- Department of Radiology and Radiologic Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Darel E Heitkamp
- Department of Radiology, AdventHealth Medical Group, 2501 North Orange Avenue, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
| | - Megan K Mills
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 N Mario Capecchi Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
| | - Morlie Wang
- Department of Radiology, Cook County Health, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, 1969 W. Odgen Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Charles M Maxfield
- Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Duke South, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Teresa Chapman
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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Kresse ME, Morris RW, Weaver JS, Chang CY. Current state of musculoskeletal fellowship program directors and future directions. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:1165-1172. [PMID: 38133671 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better understand the current state of musculoskeletal fellowship program directors and identify opportunities for formal training that could increase job satisfaction, provide a broader knowledge base for mentoring/advising trainees and increase diversity in musculoskeletal radiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-one fellowship program directors who signed the Fellowship Match Memorandum of Understanding with the Society of Skeletal Radiology were sent a survey with questions about demographics, career, background, and training both for musculoskeletal radiology and for the fellowship director role. RESULTS A 57/81 (70%) of program directors responded, representing 27 different states with a range of 1-9 fellowship positions. Nearly half are in their forties (48%) with most identifying as White (67%) followed by Asian (30%). The majority are male (72%) with over half (60%) remaining at the institution where they completed prior training. Over half plan to change roles within 5 years and do not feel adequately compensated. Top qualities/skills identified as important for the role include effective communication, being approachable, and clinical excellence. Other than clinical excellence, most do not report formal training in skills identified as important for the role. CONCLUSIONS Given the high amount of interaction with trainees, program directors play a key role in the future of our subspecialty. The low diversity among this group, the lack of formal training, and the fact that most do not feel adequately compensated could limit mentorship and recruitment. Program directors identified effective communication, organizational/planning skills, and conflict resolution as the top skills they would benefit from formal training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine E Kresse
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, PO Box 800170, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Robert W Morris
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jennifer S Weaver
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Connie Y Chang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street Yawkey 6E, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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4
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Malhotra A, Futela D, Khunte M, Moily NS, Wu X, Payabvash S, Gandhi D. Salary equity in academic medicine physicians. Am J Med Sci 2024:S0002-9629(24)01256-4. [PMID: 38772441 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Malhotra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Dheeman Futela
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mihir Khunte
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nagaraj S Moily
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Seyedmehdi Payabvash
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dheeraj Gandhi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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5
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Doddi S, Khalafi M, Shimoura E, Shanbhogue KP, Tirumani SH. Female and underrepresented minority representation in radiology. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2024:S0363-0188(24)00082-3. [PMID: 38705772 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
RATIONAL AND OBJECTIVE Diversity, equity, inclusion, and representation in various sectors have garnered increasing attention in the past two decades, including healthcare. In this report we investigate representation of females and underrepresented minorities (URM) in the field of radiology and asses for significant growth trends in representation in residency training programs in the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS De-identified trainee demographic information for active radiology trainees from 2016 to 2021 was queried using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), and new radiology trainees using the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP)'s Main Residency Match Data and Reports databooks. RESULTS In 2021 females represented 26.7% of DR residency trainees and 22% of IR integrated trainees. In the same year URM trainees represented 11.3% of trainees and 8.7% of IR integrated trainees. From 2017 to 2021, diagnostic radiology had a compound average growth rate (CAGR) 1% (p <0.01) of female representation and 1.12% (p<0.01) of URM representation. CONCLUSION This study quantifies female and underrepresented minority representation among radiology trainees for diagnostic radiology and radiology subspecialities, identifying modest uptrends in representation within both demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sishir Doddi
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, 440-497-8119, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Mona Khalafi
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, 440-497-8119, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Elizabeth Shimoura
- University of Toledo College of Medicine, 440-497-8119, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | | | - Sree Harsha Tirumani
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Mehta PM, Prajapati P, Kumar S, Jain N, Vilanilam GK, Purushothaman R, Jensen HK, Kaukis N, Ram R. Review of the demographic and educational profiles of abdominal imaging fellowship program directors in the United States. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2024; 53:384-388. [PMID: 38281843 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate demographics, academic backgrounds, and scholarly activities of Program Directors (PDs) in Abdominal Imaging Fellowships in the United States (US), emphasizing gender representation, international origins, and academic milestones. METHODS A list of Fellowships in Abdominal Imaging programs in the US was obtained from the Society of Abdominal Radiology. The search was expanded using the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database. Data for PDs were sourced from program websites, Healthgrades, Doximity, and Elsevier's Scopus. Metrics such as age, gender, education, academic rank, additional qualifications, prior leadership roles, publications, and h-indices were analyzed using R software. A two-tailed unpaired t-test was used to calculate the difference in means of scholarly activity between male and female PDs. RESULTS 113 programs were identified: South (36.28%), Northeast (25.66%), Mid-West (20.35%), West (17.69%). Of 107 PDs, 54% male, 41% female, and average age 48 ± 9.4 years. 66.6% were US graduates, 29.2% were international graduates. Most were Assistant Professors (36.28%). 19.46% had degrees like M.P.H. or M.B.A. 45% had prior leadership roles. Average year of residency graduation was 2007. Mean publication count was 54.16, and mean h-index was 14.663. Male PDs had higher publication counts and h-indices than female PDs (p= 0.009 and p= 0.0019 respectively). CONCLUSION In Abdominal Imaging Fellowship programs in the US, there is an increasing representation of females in Program Director roles. However, research led by female PDs remains less prevalent. The field of Abdominal Imaging values contributions from international graduates and insights from Assistant Professors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parv M Mehta
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 611 3rd Avenue SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55902, United States
| | - Priyanka Prajapati
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Shruti Kumar
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Slot 556, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States.
| | - Navita Jain
- Department of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi 110001, India
| | - George K Vilanilam
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Slot 556, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Rangarajan Purushothaman
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Slot 556, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Hanna K Jensen
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Slot 556, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Nicholas Kaukis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Roopa Ram
- Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St, Slot 556, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
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7
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Shunmugam M, Friesen S, Kipfer S, Klonowski A, Hehar HK, Lei LY, Yong-Hing CJ, Khosa F. Gender distribution of North American professional radiology society award recipients. Clin Imaging 2024; 108:110096. [PMID: 38306933 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2024.110096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Women remain underrepresented in radiology and there is a paucity of literature examining the recognition of their professional contributions to the discipline. The purpose of this study was to examine the gender distribution of award winners across all North American radiology societies. METHODS The gender distribution of 1923 award recipients from 21 North American radiology societies between 1960 and 2021 was examined. Awards were divided into four categories: leadership, teaching, contribution to radiology, and promising new/young societal member. Primary outcome was the total proportion of awards received by gender. All data was compared to the gender distribution of working radiologists in North America. RESULTS A total of 1923 award recipients were identified between 1960 and 2021. Seventy-nine percent of award recipients were men (n = 1527) and 21 % were women (n = 396). As of 1970, the proportion of women award recipients increased 0.55 % ± 0.07 % each year. The proportion of women receiving radiological awards after 2018 is equal to or surpassing the percentage of women radiologists. Women received 36.4 % of leadership, 33.6 % of promising new member, 30.1 % of teaching, and 14.4 % of lifetime contribution awards. CONCLUSIONS In the last five years, the proportion of women receiving awards was equal to or greater than the proportion of women radiologists. Women received more leadership awards and fewer lifetime contributor awards compared to men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth Friesen
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sharon Kipfer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Harleen K Hehar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lucy Y Lei
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Charlotte J Yong-Hing
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Diagnostic Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Olarte Bermúdez LM, Campaña Perilla LA, Leguízamo-Isaza JM, Palazuelos Jimenez GI. Addressing Gender Disparities for Equitable Practice in Radiology. Can Assoc Radiol J 2024:8465371241240298. [PMID: 38509695 DOI: 10.1177/08465371241240298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Manuela Olarte Bermúdez
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá University Hospital, Bogotá, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia
| | - Laura Andrea Campaña Perilla
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá University Hospital, Bogotá, Colombia
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Martín Leguízamo-Isaza
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá University Hospital, Bogotá, Colombia
- Diagnostic Radiology Residency Program, Universidad El Bosque
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9
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Cayón Somacarrera S, Alonso Rodríguez C, Del Campo Del Val L, Oleaga Zufiría L, Rodríguez Carnero P. Women in Radiology: A perspective from Spain. RADIOLOGIA 2024; 66:121-131. [PMID: 38614529 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are gender inequalities in all fields, including radiology. Although the situation is improving, the presence of radiologists in leadership positions continues to be a minority. The objective of this article is to analyse the situation of women in the spanish radiology, comparing it with Europe and the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected the years 2000-2022 as reference period to make a comparison with feminization data throughout history. In addition, relevant specific data from the just begun 2023 were also included. The variables in which we investigated feminization were the following: medical students, medical graduates, radiology residents and specialists, section chiefs, department chairs, radiology residency programme directors, radiology university professors, presidents of the main radiological entities and societies in Spain, Europe and the United States, recipients of the main awards given by these radiological societies and chief editors of their journals. In order to perform this analysis we conducted an in-depth bibliographic research, we contacted the radiological societies of Spain, Europe and the USA and we carried out a survey in the main Spanish radiology departments. RESULTS The female presence in radiology decreases as we rise to leadership positions, a situation that is patent in Spain, Europe and the US, comparison that will be analysed in depth throughout the article. In Spanish hospitals in 2021 there were 58.1% female radiology residents, 55% female radiologists, 42.9% female section chiefs and 24.4% female department chairs. In SERAM's history there have been 10% female presidents, 22% female gold medallists and 5% female editors-in-chief. If we analyse data from 2000 to 2023, female presidents reach 32% and female gold medallists 31%. CONCLUSIONS Although gender inequality is declining, in radiology women continue to be underrepresented in leadership positions. Work must be done in order to build a diverse and inclusive profession that reflects demographic reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cayón Somacarrera
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.
| | - C Alonso Rodríguez
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Del Campo Del Val
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Oleaga Zufiría
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Rodríguez Carnero
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Hassankhani A, Amoukhteh M, Valizadeh P, Jannatdoust P, Walker DK, Gholamrezanezhad A. Diversity Patterns in Radiology Residency Applicants: A Comparative Study of Demographics (2013-2022). Acad Radiol 2024; 31:830-832. [PMID: 38320945 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hassankhani
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Melika Amoukhteh
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Parya Valizadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Jannatdoust
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daphne K Walker
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ali Gholamrezanezhad
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA.
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Offiah AC, Atalabi OM, Epelman M, Khanna G. Disparities in paediatric radiology research publications from low- and lower middle-income countries: a time for change. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:468-477. [PMID: 37773442 PMCID: PMC10902002 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The positive impact of diversity on health research and outcomes is well-recognised and widely published. Despite this, published evidence shows that at every step of the research pathway, issues of equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) arise. There is evidence of a lack of diversity within research teams, in the research questions asked/research participants recruited, on grant review/funding panels, amongst funded researchers and on the editorial boards and reviewer pools of the journals to which results are submitted for peer-reviewed publication. Considering the journal Pediatric Radiology, while its editorial board of 92 members has at least one member affiliated to a country in every region of the world, the majority are in North America (n=52, 57%) and Europe (n=30, 33%) and only two (2%) are affiliated to institutions in a lower middle-income country (LMIC) (India, Nigeria), with one (1%) affiliated to an institution in an upper middle-income country (UMIC) (Peru) and none in a low-income country (LIC). Pediatric Radiology is "…the official journal of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology, the Society for Pediatric Radiology, the Asian and Oceanic Society for Pediatric Radiology and the Latin American Society of Pediatric Radiology". However, of the total number of manuscripts submitted for potential publication in the four years 2019 through 2022, only 0.03% were from a LIC and only 7.9% were from a LMIC. Further, the frequency of acceptance of manuscripts from UMIC was seven times higher than that from LMIC (no manuscripts were published from LIC). Increased collaboration is required between researchers across the globe to better understand the barriers to equity in the funding, conduct and publication of research from LIC and LMIC and to identify ways in which we can overcome them together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaka C Offiah
- Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Room 3, Damer Street Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK.
- Department of Radiology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Omolola M Atalabi
- Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Monica Epelman
- Department of Radiology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Geetika Khanna
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
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12
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Wu X, Khunte M, Tegtmeyer K, Bajaj S, Prajapati P, Payabvash S, Gandhi D, Malhotra A. Trends of diversity in radiology trainees compared to other primary- and nonprimary-care specialties. Clin Imaging 2024; 106:110015. [PMID: 38065023 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.110015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, United States of America
| | - Mihir Khunte
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Kyle Tegtmeyer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Suryansh Bajaj
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Priyanka Prajapati
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Seyedmehdi Payabvash
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Dheeraj Gandhi
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Ajay Malhotra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, United States of America.
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13
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Wang SS, Dibble EH, Gibbs IC, Rubin E, Parikh JR. The 2021 ACR/Radiology Business Management Association Workforce Survey: Diversity in Radiology. J Am Coll Radiol 2023; 20:1269-1276. [PMID: 37543155 PMCID: PMC10838371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The landscape of the radiology workforce is changing, especially in the diversity of the demographics of practicing radiologists across subspecialties, practice types, and leadership positions in both academic and nonacademic settings. The 2021 ACR/Radiology Business Management Association Workforce Survey examines these facets in detail and contributes to our understanding of the current state of diversity in the radiology workforce and potential barriers to change. The results suggest opportunities and future directions for improving diversity, equity, and inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry S Wang
- Senior Associate Consultant, Divisions of Abdominal Imaging and Ultrasound, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Elizabeth H Dibble
- Rhode Island Medical Imaging and Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Iris C Gibbs
- Department of Radiation Oncology-Radiation Therapy, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford, California; Council Chair, Board of Directors, American Society of Radiation Oncology
| | - Eric Rubin
- Southeast Radiology, Upland, Pennsylvania
| | - Jay R Parikh
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; First Vice President, Texas Radiological Society
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14
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Wu X, Khunte M, Bajaj S, Prajapati P, Payabvash S, Wintermark M, Gandhi D, Malhotra A. Diversity in Radiology Residents Relative to Other Specialties- Trends Over the Past Decade. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:2736-2740. [PMID: 37748955 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess diversity among radiology residents relative to other specialties and compare it with historical trends. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Graduate Medical Education results from 2010-2011 to 2020-2021 were accessed for demographic information for major medical specialties (number of residents > 500 as of the 2020-2021 report). Subspecialties and fellowship programs were not included in this analysis. The racial and ethnicity breakdowns were extracted, including Black, White/Caucasian, Asian, Hispanic, and others. The changes in racial and ethnicity composition of residents in radiology was compared to other specialties using the Chi Squared test using a significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS In 2020-2021, radiology ranked ninth in total resident enrollment among the 21 largest ACGME training programs, unchanged when compared to 2010-2011. Amongst all specialties, Radiology ranked 10th for Black and 9th for Hispanic representation in 2020-2021.The percentage of Black residents increased from 3.07% in 2010-2011 to 3.83% in 2020-2021. The percentage of Hispanic Radiology residents increased from 4.83% to 7.35%, constituting the third largest increase amongst all specialties. CONCLUSION The representation of Blacks and Hispanics in Radiology has improved relative to other medical specialties in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mihir Khunte
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Suryansh Bajaj
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Priyanka Prajapati
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Seyedmehdi Payabvash
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Max Wintermark
- Department of Neuroradiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Dheeraj Gandhi
- Interventional Neuroradiology, Nuclear Medicine, Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ajay Malhotra
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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15
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Campos FM, Grimm LJ, Maxfield CM. Unintended Consequence: Diversity as a Casualty of Eliminating United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Scores. J Am Coll Radiol 2023; 20:1177-1187. [PMID: 37634794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to use a discrete-choice experiment to model the trade-offs evaluators make between academic attributes and demographics when the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 switches to pass/fail. METHODS A discrete-choice experiment was administered to faculty members from a geographically diverse mix of 14 academic and community radiology departments in the United States from August through November 2020. Reviewers reviewed 10 applicant pairs with numeric Step 1 scores (part 1) and 10 applicant pairs with a pass Step 1 result (part 2). Applicant attributes included medical school rank, gender, race/ethnicity, USMLE Step 1 score, USMLE Step 2 score, class rank, clerkship honors, and publications. Conditional logistic regression modeled the influence of attribute levels. RESULTS Two hundred twelve evaluators completed the study (response rate 59%). The most influential attribute was Step 1 score in part 1 and medical school rank in part 2. The relative importance of race/ethnicity and gender decreased by 25% and 29%, respectively, when Step 1 switches to pass/fail. Evaluators weigh race/ethnicity the strongest when applicants have the same Step 1 score (preference weights of 0.85 for African American, 1.42 for Hispanic, and 0 for White and Asian applicants). Race/ethnicity is relatively more important when Step 1 scores are higher (preference weights of 1.58 for African American, 0.90 for Hispanic, and 0 for White and Asian applicants). CONCLUSIONS The loss of numeric Step 1 scores reduced the residency evaluator preference for diversity. Reviewers prioritize underrepresented-in-medicine applicants when Step 1 scores are higher and comparable with White and Asian applicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M Campos
- School of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lars J Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Charles M Maxfield
- Vice Chair of Education, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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16
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Camargo A. Developing strategies to improve the sense of belonging and mitigate tokenism. Clin Imaging 2023; 103:109987. [PMID: 37742412 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.109987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increase in DEI initiatives and the rising social awareness, diversity, equity, and inclusiveness are still scarce in many work environments. In the process of implementing a diverse group in the workplace and training programs, retention efforts should always follow recruitment strategies; it is crucial to establish an environment that offers recruited women and minorities a sense of belonging and inclusiveness. Literature shows that diversity and belonging benefit not only the individual, but also the organization, society, and health care system. Many strategies to foster a sense of belonging in the workplace have been suggested, including, but not limited to, mentorship, sponsorship, affinity groups, dashboards, and surveys. Leaderships should acknowledge DEI initiatives, promoting efforts to enhance inclusiveness and mitigate tokenism. Amid DEI criticism and backlash, it is important to continue to promote education and positive discussions and aim for cultural changes targeting rooted systemic racism and discrimination, which continue to impose an obstacle to DEIB achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Camargo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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17
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Prajapati P, Wu X, Bajaj S, Gandhi D, Wintermark M, Malhotra A. Trends of Diversity in Neuroradiology Trainees in United States 2015-2022. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2023; 44:1009-1011. [PMID: 37500285 PMCID: PMC10494957 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Radiology has historically not been a very diverse field. Many steps have been taken in the past decade to increase diversity in the field and make it more inclusive. This study shows the relative trends specifically in neuroradiology trainees, and the need for reassessment and further steps to increase diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prajapati
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (P.P., S.B., A.M.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - X Wu
- Department of Radiology (X.W.), University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - S Bajaj
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (P.P., S.B., A.M.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - D Gandhi
- University of Maryland School of Medicine (D.G.), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - M Wintermark
- Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - A Malhotra
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (P.P., S.B., A.M.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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18
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Narayan AK, DeBenedectis CM. Reply to "How We Define Diversity". AJR Am J Roentgenol 2023; 221:396. [PMID: 37406200 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.23.29377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
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19
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Dhanani Z, Doo FX, Spalluto LB, Yee J, Flores EJ, Meltzer CC, Poullos PD. Prevalence of Diversity Statements and Disability Inclusion Among Radiology Residency Program Websites. J Am Coll Radiol 2023; 20:922-927. [PMID: 37028498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiology has widely acknowledged the need to improve inclusion of racial, ethnic, gender, and sexual minorities, with recent discourse also underscoring the importance of disability diversity and inclusion efforts. Yet studies have shown a paucity of diversity among radiology residents, despite increasing efforts to foster diversity and inclusion. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess radiology residency program websites' diversity statements for inclusion of race and ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and disability as commonly underrepresented groups. METHODS A cross-sectional, observational study of websites of all diagnostic radiology programs in the Electronic Residency Application Service directory was conducted. Program websites that met inclusion criteria were audited for presence of a diversity statement; if the statement was specific to the residency program, radiology department, or institution; and if it was presented or linked on the program or department website. All statements were evaluated for the inclusion of four diversity categories: race or ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and disability. RESULTS One hundred ninety-two radiology residencies were identified using Electronic Residency Application Service. Programs with missing or malfunctioning hyperlinks (n = 33) or required logins (n = 1) were excluded. One hundred fifty-eight websites met inclusion criteria for analysis. Two-thirds (n = 103; 65.1%) had a diversity statement within their residency, department, or institution, with only 28 (18%) having residency program-specific statements and 22 (14%) having department-specific statements. Of the websites with diversity statements, inclusion of gender diversity was most frequent (43.0%), followed by race or ethnicity (39.9%), sexual orientation (32.9%), and disability (25.3%). Race or ethnicity was most included in institution-level diversity statements. CONCLUSIONS Less than 20% of radiology residency websites include a diversity statement, and disability is the least-included category among the diversity statements. As radiology continues to lead diversity and inclusion efforts in health care, a more comprehensive approach with equitable representation of different groups, including those with disabilities, would foster a broader sense of belonging. This comprehensive approach can help to overcome systemic barriers and bridge gaps in disability representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainub Dhanani
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California; and Founder and Executive Director, Medical Students with Disability and Chronic Illness National Organization.
| | - Florence X Doo
- Chief Fellow, Body Imaging, Department of Radiology, Stanford Healthcare; Board Member, Housestaff Information Technology Enhancement Council, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California; ACR Informatics fellow 2022-2023; Inaugural Chair of the AUR ACER In-Training Committee; Member, Committee on Economics in Academic Radiology, under the ACR Commission on Economics; ABR Diagnostic Radiology Initial Certification Advisory Committee Member. https://twitter.com/flo_doo
| | - Lucy B Spalluto
- Vice Chair of Health Equity, Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Co-Chair, RSNA Health Equity Committee. https://twitter.com/LBSrad
| | - Judy Yee
- Chair of Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York. https://twitter.com/JudyYeeMD
| | - Efren J Flores
- Associate Chair for Equity, Inclusion, and Community Health, Mass General Brigham Enterprise Radiology, Mass General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. https://twitter.com/EFloresMD
| | - Carolyn C Meltzer
- Dean, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California. https://twitter.com/DeanMeltzer
| | - Peter D Poullos
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California; Founder and Cochair of the Stanford Medicine Alliance for Disability Inclusion and Equity. https://twitter.com/PetePoullos
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20
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Doo FX, McGinty GB. Building Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Within Radiology Artificial Intelligence: Representation Matters, From Data to the Workforce. J Am Coll Radiol 2023; 20:852-856. [PMID: 37453602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) is both a critical ingredient and moral imperative in shaping the future of radiology artificial intelligence (AI) for improved patient care, from design to deployment. At the design level: Potential biases and discrimination within data sets results in inaccurate radiology AI models, and there is an urgent need to purposefully embed DEI principles throughout the AI development and implementation process. At the deployment level: Diverse representation in radiology AI leadership, research, and career development is necessary to avoid worsening structural and historical health inequities. To create an inclusive and equitable AI-enabled future in healthcare, a DEI radiology AI leadership training program may be needed to cultivate a diverse and sustainable pipeline of leaders in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence X Doo
- Director of Innovation, University of Maryland Medical Intelligent Imaging Center (UM2ii), Baltimore, Maryland; Member, Committee on Economics in Academic Radiology, under the ACR Commission on Economics.
| | - Geraldine B McGinty
- Senior Associate Dean for Clinical Affairs, Professor of Clinical Radiology and Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York; Founder, RADEqual; Chair, International Society of Radiology Commission on Education. https://twitter.com/DrGMcGinty
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21
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Young PJ, Kagetsu NJ, Tomblinson CM, Snyder EJ, Church AL, Mercado CL, Guzman Perez-Carrillo GJ, Jha P, Guerrero-Calderon JD, Jaswal S, Khosa F, Deitte LA. The Intersection of Diversity and Well-Being. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:2031-2036. [PMID: 36813669 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Young
- Midwestern University-Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, 19555 N 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308.
| | - Nolan J Kagetsu
- Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Courtney M Tomblinson
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Elizabeth J Snyder
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - An L Church
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Cecilia L Mercado
- Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Priyanka Jha
- Department of Radiology and the Division of Body Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - Shama Jaswal
- New York Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lori A Deitte
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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22
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Yong-Hing CJ, Manos D, Patlas MN, Spalluto LM. Plugging the Leak: Addressing the Mid-career Pipeline Challenge in Radiology. Can Assoc Radiol J 2023:8465371231189202. [PMID: 37548436 DOI: 10.1177/08465371231189202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J Yong-Hing
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Diagnostic Imaging, BC Cancer Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daria Manos
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Michael N Patlas
- Department of Medical Imaging, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lucy M Spalluto
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical, Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatric, Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN, USA
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23
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Lugo-Fagundo E, Weisberg EM, Lugo-Fagundo M, Fishman EK. From medical school through residency applications: Puerto Ricans may face ignorance and prejudice. Clin Imaging 2023; 101:34-36. [PMID: 37295231 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is not that unusual to find that Americans are unaware that Puerto Rico is a territory of the United States, and, like them, Puerto Ricans are U.S citizens enjoying the same liberties, freedoms, and rights. It may be less expected to face such incognizance or ignorance within the medical community as careers in medicine offer healthcare professionals the opportunity to serve patients spanning race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, and other demographic differences. Unfortunately, some of the personal experiences of the primary author have prompted us to cull four personal narratives of Puerto Rican individuals (Boricuas), who comprise 20.8% of the Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish Origin applicants to U.S. medical schools, during various early stages of a medical career. Of course, these personal anecdotes, offered in response to just a few general questions about recent experiences of bias in medical applications or in early training, do not indicate pervasive bias. Similarly, these instances may be more common than people in the medical community would prefer to believe. In the brief narratives that follow, Boricuas at different junctures in their medical educations highlight the bias that they have faced and their reactions to it. We present this information with the hope of promoting awareness of potential biases at different stages of medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Lugo-Fagundo
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America.
| | - Edmund M Weisberg
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America.
| | - Maria Lugo-Fagundo
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 117 SW 10th St, Miami, FL 33130, United States of America.
| | - Elliot K Fishman
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America.
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24
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Purcell O, Galliano C, Lieux M, Gibson W, Schachner E, Spieler B, Van Nuland S. A Problem of Gender Representation: Adapting the Bechdel Test to Evaluate the Social Media Presence of Radiology Residency Programs. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2023; 52:263-268. [PMID: 37087372 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Social media serves as recruitment tools for residency programs, allowing programs to "brand" themselves in an era of virtual interviews. For female applicants, viewing their gender represented on Instagram may influence their pursuit of a program. Our study's goal is to quantify how female-presenting professionals are represented on radiology residency (RR) Instagram pages, as these are increasingly important platforms for resident recruitment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Bechdel test is a well-known measure of the representation of women in fiction that requires at least 2 women speak to each other about a topic other than a man. We modified this test to evaluate the portrayal of female-presenting professionals on public Instagram galleries of RR programs. For a photo to pass our test, female-presenting persons are shown physically together, without male-presenting professionals, and in a professional setting. To compare gender depiction, a Male Bechdel Test was also used. RR Instagram pages were identified using the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database Access (n = 87) and examined with an adapted framework approach to count female and male-presenting individuals in 1044 images. Results were assessed using paired t-tests and a chi-square with McNemar's test. RESULTS Approximately 50% of the RR Instagrams passed the Male Bechdel Test while only 21.3% passed the Female Bechdel Test, a significant difference in gender representation (χ2(1) = 13.255, P = 0.022). Paired sample t-tests revealed that RR Instagram pages are significantly more likely to feature male-presenting professionals in a professional setting (P < 0.0001), feature them with other male-presenting professionals (P = 0.001), and feature them without female-presenting professionals (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION Our results suggest female-presenting radiologists are under-represented on the Instagram profiles of RR programs. While this reflects the dearth of females in this field, programs may improve gender inclusion by more prominently displaying females on social media. This may assist in recruiting minority applicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Purcell
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA.
| | - Caroline Galliano
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Molly Lieux
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - William Gibson
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Emma Schachner
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Bradley Spieler
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center/Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
| | - Sonya Van Nuland
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA
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25
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Cardona Ortegón JD, Cifuentes Gaitán K, Rueda MA, Romero JA. Diversity and Inclusion in Radiology: A Challenge to Be Faced. Radiology 2023; 307:e222098. [PMID: 36809214 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.222098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José David Cardona Ortegón
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, 116 Street # 9-02, Bogotá, Colombia 110111
| | - Karen Cifuentes Gaitán
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, 116 Street # 9-02, Bogotá, Colombia 110111
| | - María Alejandra Rueda
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, 116 Street # 9-02, Bogotá, Colombia 110111
| | - Javier Andrés Romero
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, 116 Street # 9-02, Bogotá, Colombia 110111
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26
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Practical Approaches to Advancing Health Equity in Radiology, From the AJR Special Series on DEI. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36629307 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.22.28783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in healthcare, many patients from medically underserved populations are impacted by existing healthcare disparities. Radiologists are uniquely positioned to decrease health disparities and advance health equity efforts in their practices. However, literature on practical tools for advancing radiology health equity efforts applicable to a wide variety of patient populations and care settings is lacking. Therefore, this article seeks to equip radiologists with an evidence-based and practical knowledge toolkit of health equity strategies, presented in terms of four pillars of research, clinical care, education, and innovation. For each pillar, equity efforts across diverse patient populations and radiology practice settings are examined through the lens of existing barriers, current best practices, and future directions, incorporating practical examples relevant to a spectrum of patient populations. Health equity efforts provide an opportune window to transform radiology through personalized care delivery that is responsive to diverse patient needs. Guided by compassion and empathy as core principles of health equity, leveraging the four pillars provides a helpful framework to advance health equity efforts as a step towards social justice in health.
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