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Camargo A, Radmard M, Dabiri M, Carson KA, Hsu L, Yousem DM. Discrimination faced by radiology residents: an analysis of experiences and mitigation strategies. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2024:S0363-0188(24)00087-2. [PMID: 38714392 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Literature shows that discrimination has been pervasive in the field of medicine. The aim of this study was to collect experiences related to discrimination among US radiology residents, including type and source, as well as the residents' perception on lectures about discrimination and harassment. We also explored the barriers to reporting, and suggested strategies to overcome them. MATERIAL AND METHODS Following Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, an online survey was sent to program directors and coordinators across the US, who were asked to forward the link to their radiology residents. A reminder email was sent over a period of 4 months. The participants were reassured the survey was confidential and anonymous. RESULTS Among the respondents, the most reported types of discrimination were based in gender, race and nationality, the majority of which not being reported. The most common perpetrators were attending radiologists, co-residents, technologists, and patients. The main barriers for reporting were fear of retaliation, confidentiality concerns, and skepticism about a positive outcome. CONCLUSION Our study examines some experiences of discrimination shared by residents during their training, with gender and race being the most common causes. This sheds light into a hidden and unspoken issue and highlights the need for more active discussions in radiology on microaggressions and implicit bias. Our data can guide future studies as well as residency programs to build effective strategies to address discrimination, aiming for sustainable changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Camargo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA.
| | - Mahla Radmard
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Mona Dabiri
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Kathryn A Carson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205 USA
| | - Liangge Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115 USA
| | - David M Yousem
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
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Luque-Córdoba D, Calderón-Santiago M, Rangel-Zúñiga OA, Camargo A, López-Miranda J, Priego-Capote F. Comprehensive profiling of ceramides in human serum by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry combining data independent/dependent acquisition modes. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342115. [PMID: 38182388 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Ceramides are sphingolipids with a structural function in the cell membrane and are involved in cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Recently, these chemical species have been pointed out as potential biomarkers in different diseases, due to their abnormal levels in blood. In this research, we present an overall strategy combining data-independent and dependent acquisitions (DIA and DDA, respectively) for identification, confirmation, and quantitative determination of ceramides in human serum. By application of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method in DIA mode we identified 49 ceramides including d18:1, d18:0, d18:2, d16:1, d17:1 and t18:0 species. Complementary, quantitative determination of ceramides was based on a high-throughput and fully automated method consisting of solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to LC-MS/MS in DDA to improve analytical features avoiding the errors associated to sample processing. Quantitation limits were at pg mL-1 level, the intra-day and between-days variability were below 20 and 25 %, respectively; and the accuracy, expressed as bias, was always within ±25 %. The proposed method was tested with the CORDIOPREV cohort in order to obtain a qualitative and quantitative profiling of ceramides in human serum. This characterization allowed identifying d18:1 ceramides as the most concentrated with 70.8% of total concentration followed by d18:2 and d18:0 with 13.0 % and 8.8 %, respectively. Less concentrated ceramides, d16:1, d17:1 and t18:0, reported a 7.1 % of the total content. Combination of DIA and DDA LC-MS/MS analysis enabled to profile qualitative and quantitatively ceramides in human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luque-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Chemical Institute for Energy and Environment (IQUEMA), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing, CIBERFES, Carlos III Institute of Health, Spain
| | - M Calderón-Santiago
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Chemical Institute for Energy and Environment (IQUEMA), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing, CIBERFES, Carlos III Institute of Health, Spain
| | - O A Rangel-Zúñiga
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Cordoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Camargo
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Cordoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - J López-Miranda
- Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Internal Medicine Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, 14004, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Cordoba, 14004, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Chemical Institute for Energy and Environment (IQUEMA), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing, CIBERFES, Carlos III Institute of Health, Spain.
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Camargo A. Developing strategies to improve the sense of belonging and mitigate tokenism. Clin Imaging 2023; 103:109987. [PMID: 37742412 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2023.109987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increase in DEI initiatives and the rising social awareness, diversity, equity, and inclusiveness are still scarce in many work environments. In the process of implementing a diverse group in the workplace and training programs, retention efforts should always follow recruitment strategies; it is crucial to establish an environment that offers recruited women and minorities a sense of belonging and inclusiveness. Literature shows that diversity and belonging benefit not only the individual, but also the organization, society, and health care system. Many strategies to foster a sense of belonging in the workplace have been suggested, including, but not limited to, mentorship, sponsorship, affinity groups, dashboards, and surveys. Leaderships should acknowledge DEI initiatives, promoting efforts to enhance inclusiveness and mitigate tokenism. Amid DEI criticism and backlash, it is important to continue to promote education and positive discussions and aim for cultural changes targeting rooted systemic racism and discrimination, which continue to impose an obstacle to DEIB achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Camargo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Abstract
Headache represents one of the most common disorders in childhood and leads to nearly half a million visits to the physician's office or emergency department every year. Although the estimated prevalence is around 58.4%, the actual incidence of headache in the pediatric population might be underestimated, given only a percentage of cases seek medical attention. The first step in the evaluation of pediatric headache is a detailed clinical history and relevant clinical examinations. AAN and ACR do not recommend neuroimaging for patients with primary headache. However, neuroimaging becomes mandatory in presence of red flags to rule out the underlying cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Camargo
- Radiology Research, Division of Neuroradiology, Penn State Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Mail Code H066 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sangam Kanekar
- Radiology Research, Division of Neuroradiology, Penn State Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Mail Code H066 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Guimarães-Teixeira E, Delgado P, Machado MH, Camargo A. Public health policy and medical unionism in the context of collapse of Brazilian democracy. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Issue
This is a report about an editorial initiative to contribute to the debate on the crisis of trade unionism and public health in Brazil.
Description of the Problem
The Rio de Janeiro Doctors Union (SinMed-RJ), the first trade union of liberal professionals in Brazil, began its activities in 1927 and has completed nine decades. It kept present in the political life, in the process of drafting labor laws, subjected to the brutal intervention of security agencies during the military dictatorship, and in the street struggle for democratizing access to health in the 1980s. It is yet part of the history of the struggles for the re-democratization of the country and the construction of a universal public health policy. Together with The Brazilian Center for Health Studies (Cebes) it fights for the construction and consolidation of the Unified Health System (SUS) and the achievements of the 1988 Citizen Constitution, actions that had a major impact on the trade union and on public health.
Results
In 2017, the government that emerged from the 2016 judicial-parliamentary coup, made changes to labor legislation, destroying the legal framework for the defense of work and discontinuing the financial of trade unions. In 2019, we were witnessing the struggle of combative and socially based unions for the survival of their entities. The SinMed-RJ promoted debates on the role of the media in deconstructing democracy and the precariousness of medical work, while actively supporting the struggle of doctors in defense of their rights.
Lessons
Cebes and SinMed-RJ met against the privatization health, an important agenda of debate and action. From 2019, there had been a growing increase in measures to deconstruct public policies and labor protection, breaking the social legitimacy of state institutions, retracting the democratic space, deepening inequality and unemployment. This agenda is urgent to be widely debated for the whole society of a country in crisis.
Key messages
The major impact of this work was to include the public health challenges of Brazil in the agenda of the trade union, and to fight to rescue the democracy in Brazil. The major impact was to work with other institution on health studies and publish a special number of a free publication in honor of nine decades of the first union of liberal professional in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Guimarães-Teixeira
- Internal Medicine, Souza Marques School of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Internal Medicine, Universidade Estacio de Sa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Delgado
- Psychiatric Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M H Machado
- National School of Public Health, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A Camargo
- Brazilian Center for Health Studies, Centro Brasileiro De Estudos de Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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López-Bascón MA, Calderón-Santiago M, Díaz-Lozano A, Camargo A, López-Miranda J, Priego-Capote F. Development of a qualitative/quantitative strategy for comprehensive determination of polar lipids by LC-MS/MS in human plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:489-498. [PMID: 31760450 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polar lipids, especially glycerophospholipids, constitute the main components of cell membranes and are precursors of signaling molecules in many cellular and physiological processes. For this reason, the development of methods with high capability for detection of polar lipids in biological samples is required. In this research, the objective was to develop a method for comprehensive qualitative/quantitative determination of polar lipids in plasma by a combination of acquisition methods with a triple quadrupole mass analyzer. The strategy was optimized in two steps: (a) a first step for detection of lipids by monitoring selective fragmentation patterns representative of each lipid family and (b) a second step for confirmation of lipid species by detection and identification of product ions associated with the conjugated fatty acids. The acquisition list was divided into two multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) methods to ensure the detection of all transitions with suited instrumental sensitivity according to chromatographic retention time and relative abundance in plasma. The combination of the two MRM methods allowed the detection of 398 polar lipids in plasma in 64 min. Precision, estimated as within-day variability, was below 6.8% for all determined lipid families, while between-day variability was below 24.0%. This strategy has been applied to a cohort formed by 384 individuals in order to obtain a qualitative and quantitative distribution of polar lipids in human plasma. The most concentrated lipid families in relative terms were lysophospholipids, plasmalogens, and phosphatydilcholines, with mean relative concentration of 58.0, 17.1, and 8.3%, respectively. Then, sphingomyelins and phosphatidylethanolamines reported a relative concentration of 2.0%, followed by phosphatidylserines, with 1.1%. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A López-Bascón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.,CeiA3 Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Calderón-Santiago
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain. .,Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004, Córdoba, Spain. .,CeiA3 Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain. .,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Díaz-Lozano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.,Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.,CeiA3 Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Camargo
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - J López-Miranda
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain. .,Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004, Córdoba, Spain. .,CeiA3 Agroalimentary Excellence Campus, University of Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain. .,CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERfes), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Madrid, Spain.
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Roncero-Ramos I, Lopez-Moreno J, Jimenez-Lucena R, Gomez-Delgado F, Vals-Delgado C, Delgado-Lista J, Camargo A, Lopez-Miranda J. Mediterranean diet, glucose homeostasis and inflammasome genetic variants: The cordioprev study. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Gomez-Delgado F, Lopez-Moreno J, Quintana Navarro G, Gonzalez-Requero A, Camargo A, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Martinez P. Gene-diet interactions and postprandial lipemia response in coronary heart disease patients: From the cordioprev clinical trial. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Jimenez-Lucena R, Rangel-Zuniga O, Alcala-Diaz J, Roncero-Ramos I, Yubero-Serrano E, Perez-Martinez P, Camargo A, Lopez-Miranda J. A plasma circulating mirnas profile predicts type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes: From the cordioprev study. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Camargo A, Rangel-Zúñiga OA, Alcalá-Díaz J, Gomez-Delgado F, Delgado-Lista J, García-Carpintero S, Marín C, Almadén Y, Yubero-Serrano EM, López-Moreno J, Tinahones FJ, Pérez-Martínez P, Roche HM, López-Miranda J. Dietary fat may modulate adipose tissue homeostasis through the processes of autophagy and apoptosis. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56:1621-1628. [PMID: 27029919 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1208-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer development. Autophagy and apoptosis are critical processes for development and homeostasis in multicellular organisms and have been linked to a variety of disorders. We aimed to investigate whether the quantity and quality of dietary fat can influence these processes in the adipose tissue of obese people. METHODS A randomized, controlled trial within the LIPGENE study assigned 39 obese people with metabolic syndrome to 1 of 4 diets: (a) a high-saturated fatty acid diet, (b) a high-monounsaturated fatty acid (HMUFA) diet, and (c, d) two low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate diets supplemented with long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LFHCC n-3) or placebo (LFHCC), for 12 weeks each. RESULTS We found an increase in the expression of autophagy-related BECN1 and ATG7 genes after the long-term consumption of the HMUFA diet (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively) and an increase in the expression of the apoptosis-related CASP3 gene after the long-term consumption of the LFHCC and LFHCC n-3 diets (p = 0.001 and p = 0.029, respectively). CASP3 and CASP7 gene expression changes correlated with HOMA index. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the processes of autophagy and apoptosis in adipose tissue may be modified by diet and that the consumption of a diet rich in monounsaturated fat may contribute to adipose tissue homeostasis by increasing autophagy. They also reinforce the notion that apoptosis in adipose tissue is linked to insulin resistance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00429195.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Camargo
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - O A Rangel-Zúñiga
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Alcalá-Díaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Gomez-Delgado
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - S García-Carpintero
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - C Marín
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Y Almadén
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - E M Yubero-Serrano
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J López-Moreno
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - F J Tinahones
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Malaga, Spain
| | - P Pérez-Martínez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain
| | - H M Roche
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD Conway Institute, School of Public Health and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, UK
| | - J López-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain.
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Borges A, Ercolin L, De Mattos M, Alexandre J, Giglioli M, Camargo A, Marconi D, Fonseca D, Kaprealian T. EP-1133: Multifraction Radiosurgery for Large Brain Metastasis: Initial Results from Brazilian Experience. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE To gauge the prevalence of sexual harassment (SH) and to understand the issues regarding its disclosure among radiologists. METHODS A questionnaire on ethics and SH was sent by e-mail to 1,569 radiologists and radiology trainees in an institutional database maintained for continuing medical education purposes on three separate occasions between September 17 and October 31, 2016. The link to the survey was also posted on social media sites via the authors' divisional and institutional accounts on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Aunt Minnie, as well as on ACR and RSNA web blogs. RESULTS Overall, 9.75% (39 of 400) respondents stated they had suffered SH, with more female (22 of 90 = 24.4%) than male victims (11 of 249 = 4.4%) (P < .001). Only 29.4% of SH victims said they would likely report SH (P < .001). Women (46 of 90 = 51.1%) said they were less likely to report SH than men (150 of 242 = 62.0%) (P = .03), and American medical school graduates (119 of 220 = 54.1%) were less likely than graduates from outside the United States (37 of 48 = 77.1%). Of 401 respondents to questions on SH, 28.7% (n = 115), including more women (38 of 91 = 41.8%) than men (61 of 249 = 24.5%) (P = .002), said they had witnessed SH. CONCLUSIONS By percentage responding, female radiologists are more frequently victims and witnesses of sexual harassment but are less likely to report such cases. Steps need to be taken to eliminate a culture that leads radiologists to tolerate SH without addressing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Camargo
- Division of Neuroradiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Li Liu
- Division of Neuroradiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David M Yousem
- Division of Neuroradiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Camargo A, Schneider T, Liu L, Pakpoor J, Kleinberg L, Yousem DM. Pretreatment ADC Values Predict Response to Radiosurgery in Vestibular Schwannomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017; 38:1200-1205. [PMID: 28408629 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The response rate of vestibular schwannomas to radiation therapy is variable, and there are surgical options available in the event of treatment failure. The aim of this study was to determine whether pre- and posttreatment ADC values can predict the tumor response to radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS From a data base of 162 patients with vestibular schwannomas who underwent radiation therapy with gamma knife, CyberKnife, or fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy as the first-line therapy between January 2003 and December 2013, we found 20 patients who had pretreatment ADC values. There were 108 patients (including these 20) had serial MR images that included DWI allowing calculated ADC values from 2-132 months after radiation therapy. Two reviewers measured the mean, minimum, and maximum ADC values from elliptical ROIs that included tumor tissue only. Treatment responders were defined as those with a tumor total volume shrinkage of 20% or more after radiation therapy. RESULTS The pretreatment mean minimum ADC for nonresponders was 986.7 × 10-6 mm2/s (range, 844-1230 × 10-6 mm2/s) and it was 669.2 × 10-6 mm2/s (range, 345-883 × 10-6 mm2/s) for responders. This difference was statistically significant (P < .001). Using a minimum ADC value of 800 × 10-6 mm2/s led to the correct classification of 18/20 patients based on pretreatment ADC values. The intraclass correlation between reviewers was 0.61. No posttreatment ADC values predicted response. CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment ADC values of vestibular schwannomas are lower in responders than nonresponders. Using a minimum ADC value of 800 × 10-6 mm2/s correctly classified 90% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Camargo
- From the Division of Neuroradiology and Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.C., L.L., J.P., D.M.Y.)
| | - T Schneider
- the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (T.S.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Germany
| | - L Liu
- From the Division of Neuroradiology and Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.C., L.L., J.P., D.M.Y.)
| | - J Pakpoor
- From the Division of Neuroradiology and Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.C., L.L., J.P., D.M.Y.)
| | - L Kleinberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology (L.K.), Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - D M Yousem
- From the Division of Neuroradiology and Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.C., L.L., J.P., D.M.Y.)
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Golunski S, Scapini T, Modkovski TA, Marques C, Camargo A, Preczeski KP, Rosa C, Baldissarelli D, Mulinari J, Venturin B, Vargas G, Buffon J, Mossi AJ, Treichel H. Commercial and Noncommercial Peroxidases Activity under Ultrasound and Microwave Treatment: a Pretreatment to Improve Wastewater Treatment. J BRAZIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.21577/0103-5053.20170023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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Zinola C, Teliz E, Camargo A. Direct estimation of surface pressures by hydrogen adsorbates on platinum surfaces in perchloric acid. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Gonzales M, Camargo W, Camargo A, Blanco N. Huntington's disease two cases. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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17
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Camargo A, Fernandes T, Resende L, Ruiz R, Corrente J, Piola E, Costa L, Oliveira A, Oliveira A. P945: Pesticides as a possible triggering antigenic factor in myasthenia gravis. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Perez-Herrera A, Delgado-Lista J, Torres-Sanchez LA, Rangel-Zuñiga OA, Camargo A, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Garcia-Olid B, Quintana-Navarro GM, Alcala-Diaz JF, Muñoz-Lopez C, Lopez-Segura F, Fernandez-Real JM, Luque de Castro MD, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Jimenez F. The postprandial inflammatory response after ingestion of heated oils in obese persons is reduced by the presence of phenol compounds. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 56:510-4. [PMID: 22162245 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Heating during the process of cooking alters the chemical properties of foods and may affect subsequent postprandial inflammation. We tested the effects of four meals rich in different oils subjected to heating on the postprandial inflammatory metabolism of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty obese participants received four breakfasts following a randomized crossover design, consisting of milk and muffins made with different oils (virgin olive oil (VOO), sunflower oil (SFO), and a mixture of seeds oil (SFO/canola oil) with added either dimethylpolysiloxane (SOD), or natural antioxidants from olive mill wastewater alperujo (phenols; SOP)), previously subjected to 20 heating cycles. Postprandial inflammatory status in PBMCs was assessed by the activation of nuclear NF-κB, the concentration in cytoplasm of the NF-κB inhibitor (IκB-α), the mRNA levels of NF-κB subunits and activators (p65, IKKβ, and IKKα) and other inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MIF, and JNK), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. VOO and SOP breakfasts reduced NF-κB activation, increased IκB-α, and decreased LPS plasma concentration. SFO increased IKKα, IKKβ, p65, IL-1b, IL-6, MIF, and JNK mRNA levels, and plasma LPS. CONCLUSION Oils rich in phenols, whether natural (VOO) or artificially added (SOP), reduce postprandial inflammation, compared with seed oil (sunflower).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Perez-Herrera
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Medicine, IMIBIC/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia/Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Perez-Martinez P, Ordovas JM, Garcia-Rios A, Delgado-Lista J, Delgado-Casado N, Cruz-Teno C, Camargo A, Yubero-Serrano EM, Rodriguez F, Perez-Jimenez F, Lopez-Miranda J. Consumption of diets with different type of fat influences triacylglycerols-rich lipoproteins particle number and size during the postprandial state. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011; 21:39-45. [PMID: 19819118 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous evidence suggests that dietary fat could influence the composition and size of triacylglycerols-rich lipoproteins (TRL). In a controlled intervention study on healthy subjects, we evaluated the influence of 3 dietary interventions, with different types of fat on postprandial TRL particle size and number. METHODS AND RESULTS Volunteers followed three different diets for four weeks each, according to a randomized crossover design. Western diet: 15% protein, 47% carbohydrates (CHO), 38% fat (22% saturated fatty acid (SFA)); Mediterranean diet: 15% protein, 47% CHO, 38% fat (24% monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)); high CHO enriched with ALNA diet: 15% protein, 55% CHO, <30% fat (8% polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)). After a 12-h fast, volunteers consumed a breakfast with 1g fat and 7 mg cholesterol per kg body weight and a fat composition similar to that consumed in each of the diets: Butter meal: 35% SFA; Olive oil meal: 36% MUFA; Walnut meal: 16% PUFA, 4% α-linolenic acid. Tryglicerides (TG) in TRL (large and small TRL) were determined by ultracentrifugation and size and number of lipoprotein particles were measured with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at different time points. The olive oil meal reduced the number of total TRL postprandial particles compared with the other meals (P=0.002). Moreover, the olive oil meal also increased the TRL particle size compared with the walnut meal (P=0.001). CONCLUSION Our data showed that short-term intake of the Mediterranean diet and the acute intake of an olive oil meal lead to the formation of a reduced number and higher-size TRL particle compared with other fat sources. These novel findings have implications for understanding the postprandial lipoprotein mechanisms, and could favour the lower cardiovascular risk in Mediterranean countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Perez-Martinez
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
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Delgado-Lista J, Perez-Martinez P, Perez-Jimenez F, Garcia-Rios A, Fuentes F, Marin C, Gómez-Luna P, Camargo A, Parnell L, Ordovas J, Lopez-Miranda J. Frequent Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the ABCA1 Gene Regulate Postprandial Lipid Metabolism. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2010.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Camargo A, Kim JT. Identification of markers of cardiovascular disease in women and the reconstruction of its corresponding protein interaction network. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2009; 2009:6963-6968. [PMID: 19964718 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5333879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the second most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in women of developed countries. Although it is well established that gender is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, most gene expression analysis studies favour the identification of disease bio-markers and potential drug targets over combined populations. This study integrates genomic and systems approaches to identify a female-related set of genes that intervene in signal and metabolic pathways leading to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Camargo
- School of Computing, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, England, UK.
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Poli M, Camargo A, Villa L, Moura R, Colella R, Deheinzelin D. Intraoperative autologous blood recovery in prostate cancer surgery:in vivovalidation using a tumour marker. Vox Sang 2008; 95:308-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2008.01109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Real J, Marques M, Spilborghs G, Negri E, Matzuk M, Moura R, Camargo A, Deheinzelin D, Dias A. The role of the acute phase protein PTX3 in the ventilator-induced lung injury. Eur Respir Rev 2008. [DOI: 10.1183/09059180.00010807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Castro Gomes A, Campos MC, Garcia MF, Trindade Lima NV, Camargo A. [Not Available]. Cad Hist Saude 2001:166-82. [PMID: 11636401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Iughetti P, Suzuki O, Godoi PH, Alves VA, Sertié AL, Zorick T, Soares F, Camargo A, Moreira ES, di Loreto C, Moreira-Filho CA, Simpson A, Oliva G, Passos-Bueno MR. A polymorphism in endostatin, an angiogenesis inhibitor, predisposes for the development of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2001; 61:7375-8. [PMID: 11606364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
We have performed association studies between a novel coding single nucleotide polymorphism (D104N) in endostatin, one of the most potent inhibitors of angiogenesis, and prostate cancer. We observed that heterozygous N104 individuals have a 2.5 times increased chance of developing prostate cancer as compared with homozygous D104 subjects (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-4.16). Modeling of the endostatin mutant showed that the N104 protein is stable. These results together with the observation that residue 104 is evolutionary conserved lead us to propose that: (a) the DNA segment containing this residue might contain a novel interaction site to a yet unknown receptor; and (b) the presence of N104 impairs the function of endostatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Iughetti
- Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, USP, São Paulo 05508-900, Brasil
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Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the frequency of cytoplasmic and peripheral antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in patients with leprosy, and to correlate the presence of ANCA with type and disease activity. Consecutive patients with leprosy were assessed clinically, and IgG ANCA were measured by indirect immunofluorescence. The presence of three of the following was used to assess disease activity: reactional state, fever, new cutaneous lesions, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Sixty-four patients were studied and divided according to the Ridley-Jopling classification: of 38 patients with lepromatous leprosy, eight (21%) had perinuclear (p) ANCA and two (6%) had cytoplasmic ANCA. ANCA titres ranged from 1:20 to 1:320. Of six borderline leprosy patients, one (16%) had p-ANCA. All 20 tuberculoid leprosy patients and 65 healthy control subjects had negative ANCA. There was no correlation between ANCA titres and disease activity in positive patients. ANCA, mainly those with a perinuclear pattern, may be present in leprosy, especially in the lepromatous pole. This disease should be added to the spectrum of diseases with ANCA positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Medina
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de Especialidades Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexico City, Mexico
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Janse CJ, Camargo A, Del Portillo HA, Herrera S, Kumlien S, Mons B, Thomas A, Waters AP. Removal of leucocytes from Plasmodium vivax-infected blood. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1994; 88:213-6. [PMID: 8067817 DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1994.11812860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Janse
- Laboratory for Parasitology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
We report on two patients with a history of chronic exposure to organochlorine insecticides who developed clinical and electromyographic signs and symptoms of chronic motor neuron disease. Measurements of aldrin, lindane and heptachlor confirmed the intoxication. We emphasize the importance of searching for toxic and environmental factors in cases of motor neuron disease especially in Third World countries, where workers usually wear no adequate protective equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Fonseca
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of Botucatu, UNESP, Brazil
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Camargo A, Ferreira SH. Action of bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF) and dimercaprol (BAL) on the responses to bradykinin of isolated preparations of rat intestines. Br J Pharmacol 1971; 42:305-7. [PMID: 5091164 PMCID: PMC1667156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1971.tb07113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BPF and BAL inhibited kininase activity of homogenates of rat intestine. However, BFP potentiated and BAL inhibited the contractions induced by bradykinin on rat isolated duodenum (low calcium solution) and terminal ileum (normal calcium solution). Neither BPF nor BAL affects the relaxation induced by bradykinin of rat duodenum bathed in normal Tyrode. These results suggest that two different types of pharmacological receptor are involved in the action of bradykinin on rat intestine, and that other factors besides the inhibition of agonist destruction participate in the mechanism of potentiation of kinin action by BPF.
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