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Ko JS, Byun J, Park S, Woo JY. Prediction of insufficient hepatic enhancement during the Hepatobiliary phase of Gd-EOB DTPA-enhanced MRI using machine learning classifier and feature selection algorithms. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:161-173. [PMID: 34647145 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to reveal the usefulness of machine learning classifier and feature selection algorithms for prediction of insufficient hepatic enhancement in the HBP. METHODS We retrospectively assessed 214 patients with chronic liver disease or liver cirrhosis who underwent MRI enhanced with Gd-EOB-DTPA. Various liver function tests, Child-Pugh score (CPS) and Model for End-stage Liver Disease Sodium (MELD-Na) score were collected as candidate predictors for insufficient hepatic enhancement. Insufficient hepatic enhancement was assessed using liver-to-portal vein signal intensity ratio and 5-level visual grading. The clinico-laboratory findings were compared using Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Relationships between the laboratory tests and insufficient hepatic enhancement were assessed using Pearson's and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Feature importance was assessed by Random UnderSampling boosting algorithms. The predictive models were constructed using decision tree(DT), k-nearest neighbor(KNN), random forest(RF), and support-vector machine(SVM) classifier algorithms. The performances of the prediction models were analyzed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC). RESULTS Among four machine learning classifier algorithms using various feature combinations, SVM using total bilirubin(TB) and albumin(Alb) showed excellent predictive ability for insufficient hepatic enhancement(AUC = 0.93, [95% CI: 0.93-0.94]) and higher AUC value than conventional logistic regression(LR) model (AUC = 0.92, [95% CI; 0.92-0.93], predictive models using the MELD-Na (AUC = 0.90 [95% CI: 0.89-0.91]) and CPS (AUC = 0.89 [95% CI: 0.88-0.90]). CONCLUSION Machine learning-based classifier (i.e. SVM) and feature selection algorithms can be used to predict insufficient hepatic enhancement in the HBP before performing MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Su Ko
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Byun
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongkeun Park
- Machine Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Smart Automobile, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungcheongnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Woo
- Department of Radiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Pastor CM, Brouwer KLR. New Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Imaging Substrates Quantified from Rat Liver Compartments. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:58-64. [PMID: 34670777 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatobiliary imaging is increasingly used by pharmacologists to quantify liver concentrations of transporter-dependent drugs. However, liver imaging does not quantify concentrations in extracellular space, hepatocytes, and bile canaliculi. Our study compared the compartmental distribution of two hepatobiliary substrates gadobenate dimeglumine [BOPTA; 0.08 liver extraction ratio (ER)] and mebrofenin (MEB; 0.93 ER) in a model of perfused rat liver. A gamma counter placed over livers measured liver concentrations. Livers were preperfused with gadopentetate dimeglumine to measure extracellular concentrations. Concentrations coming from bile canaliculi and hepatocytes were calculated. Transporter activities were assessed by concentration ratios between compartments and pharmacokinetic parameters that describe the accumulation and decay profiles of hepatocyte concentrations. The high liver concentrations of MEB relied mainly on hepatocyte and bile canaliculi concentrations. In contrast, the three compartments contributed to the low liver concentrations obtained during BOPTA perfusion. Nonlinear regression analysis of substrate accumulation in hepatocytes revealed that cellular efflux is measurable ∼4 minutes after the start of perfusion. The hepatocyte-to-extracellular concentration ratio measured at this time point was much higher during MEB perfusion. BOPTA transport by multidrug resistance associated protein 2 induced an aquaporin-mediated water transport, whereas MEB transport did not. BOPTA clearance from hepatocytes to bile canaliculi was higher than MEB clearance. MEB did not efflux back to sinusoids, whereas BOPTA basolateral efflux contributed to the decrease in hepatocyte concentrations. In conclusion, our ex vivo model quantifies substrate compartmental distribution and transport across hepatocyte membranes and provides an additional understanding of substrate distribution in the liver. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: When transporter-dependent drugs target hepatocytes, cellular concentrations are important to investigate. Low concentrations on cellular targets impair drug therapeutic effects, whereas excessive hepatocyte concentrations may induce cellular toxicity. With a gamma counter placed over rat perfused livers, we measured substrate concentrations in the extracellular space, hepatocytes, and bile canaliculi. Transport across hepatocyte membranes was calculated. The study provides an additional understanding of substrate distribution in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Pastor
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland (C.M.P.); Université de Paris, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, U1149, CNRS, ERL8252, F-75006 Paris, France (C.M.P.); and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.L.R.B.)
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland (C.M.P.); Université de Paris, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, U1149, CNRS, ERL8252, F-75006 Paris, France (C.M.P.); and Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (K.L.R.B.)
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Pastor CM, Joly F, Vilgrain V, Millet P. Concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters of MRI and SPECT hepatobiliary agents in rat liver compartments. Eur Radiol Exp 2021; 5:42. [PMID: 34545428 PMCID: PMC8452805 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-021-00236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In hepatobiliary imaging, systems detect the total amount of agents originating from extracellular space, bile canaliculi, and hepatocytes. They add in situ concentration of each compartment corrected by its respective volume ratio to provide liver concentrations. In vivo contribution of each compartment to liver concentration is inaccessible. Our aim was to quantify the compartmental distribution of two hepatobiliary agents in an ex vivo model and determine how their liver extraction ratios and cholestasis (livers lacking canalicular transporters) might modify it. Methods We perfused labelled gadobenate dimeglumine (Bopta, 200 μM, 7% liver extraction ratio) and mebrofenin (Meb, 64 μM, 94% liver extraction ratio) in normal (n = 18) and cholestatic (n = 6) rat livers. We quantified liver concentrations with a gamma counter placed over livers. Concentrations in hepatocytes and bile canaliculi were calculated. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used. Results Hepatocyte concentrations were 2,043 ± 333 μM (Meb) versus 360 ± 69 μM (Bopta, p < 0.001). Meb extracellular concentrations did not contribute to liver concentrations (1.3 ± 0.3%). The contribution of Bopta extracellular concentration was 12.4 ± 1.9% (p < 0.001 versus Meb). Contribution of canaliculi was similar for both agents (16%). Cholestatic livers had no Bopta in canaliculi but their hepatocyte concentrations increased in comparison to normal livers. Conclusion Hepatocyte concentrations are correlated to liver extraction ratios of hepatobiliary agents. When Bopta is not present in canaliculi of cholestatic livers, hepatocyte concentrations increase in comparison to normal livers. This new understanding extends the interpretation of clinical liver images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Pastor
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, U1149, CNRS, ERL8252, Université de Paris, F-75006, Paris, France. .,Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Joly
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, U1149, CNRS, ERL8252, Université de Paris, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Vilgrain
- Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Inserm, U1149, CNRS, ERL8252, Université de Paris, F-75006, Paris, France.,Department of Radiology, Hôpital Beaujon, Hôpitaux Paris Nord Val de Seine (AP-HP), 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Philippe Millet
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Xiang C, Zhong X, Yang W, Majeed MI, Wang J, Yu J, Hu J, Xu Z, Tan B, Zhang B, Yan W. Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles Functionalized with Polymer Ligand for T 1-Weighted MRI In Vitro and In Vivo. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E882. [PMID: 31091782 PMCID: PMC6572598 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained wide interest in early accurate diagnoses due to the high resolution and low toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles. In order to develop potential alternatives of toxic Gd- or Mn-based chelating agents, we report the synthesis of water soluble ultra-small Fe3O4 nanoparticles by a modified co-precipitation method as T1-weighted positive contrast agents. The magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) were functionalized by polymer ligand dodecanthiol-polymethacrylic acid (DDT-PMAA) to enhance their colloidal stability. These MIONs have high longitudinal relaxivity (r1 = 8.18 mM-1·S-1) and exhibited good results in the in vitro and in vivo MR imaging. No toxicity was observed in cytotoxicity assay and histology toxicity analysis. The MIONs@DDT-PMAA(magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles @ dodecanthiol-polymethacrylic acid) present great potential as positive contrast agents for tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Xiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Xin Zhong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Weitao Yang
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Muhammad Irfan Majeed
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Jiani Yu
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Zushun Xu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Bien Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Bingbo Zhang
- The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Isolated Perfused Rat Livers to Quantify the Pharmacokinetics and Concentrations of Gd-BOPTA. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:3839108. [PMID: 30116162 PMCID: PMC6079620 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3839108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With recent advances in liver imaging, the estimation of liver concentrations is now possible following the injection of hepatobiliary contrast agents and radiotracers. However, how these images are generated remains partially unknown. Most experiments that would be helpful to increase this understanding cannot be performed in vivo. For these reasons, we investigated the liver distribution of the magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA, MultiHance®, Bracco Imaging) in isolated perfused rat livers (IPRLs). In IPRL, we developed a new set up that quantifies simultaneously the Gd-BOPTA compartment concentrations and the transfer rates between these compartments. Concentrations were measured either by MR signal intensity or by count rates when the contrast agent was labelled by [153Gd]. With this experimental model, we show how the Gd-BOPTA hepatocyte concentrations are modified by temperature and liver flow rates. We define new pharmacokinetic parameters to quantify the canalicular transport of Gd-BOPTA. Finally, we present how transfer rates generate Gd-BOPTA concentrations in rat liver compartments. These findings better explain how liver imaging with hepatobiliary radiotracers and contrast agents is generated and improve the image interpretation by clinicians.
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Roux M, Pigneur F, Baranes L, Calderaro J, Chiaradia M, Decaens T, Kastahian S, Charles-Nelson A, Tselikas L, Costentin C, Laurent A, Azoulay D, Mallat A, Rahmouni A, Luciani A. Differentiating focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatocellular adenoma: Is hepatobiliary phase MRI (HBP-MRI) using linear gadolinium chelates always useful? Abdom Radiol (NY) 2018; 43:1670-1681. [PMID: 29110059 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-017-1377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the value of Hepatobiliary phase MRI (HPB-MRI) to differentiate FNH and HCA, and evaluate its impact on diagnostic accuracy, diagnostic confidence, inter-observer variability, and patient clinical management. METHODS Forty-nine patients referred for Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI were retrospectively included in this IRB-approved study, with a total of 119 lesions-90 FNH and 29 HCA. Two observers separately assessed in 2 distinct randomized reading sessions the performance of MRI with (HBP-MRI) or without (conventional MRI) the use of HBP images. Each lesion was ranked with a 5-point scale (from 1 Typical FNH to 5 Certainly not a FNH). Sensitivity, specificity, overall accuracy, and inter-observer agreement for the differentiation of FNH from HCA were calculated and compared between conventional and HBP-MRI. RESULTS Both sensitivity (respective values of 38.9% and 97.8%), overall accuracy (respective values of 53.8% and 98.3%), and inter-observer agreement (respective values of Kappa 0.56 and 0.88) were significantly higher using HBP-MRI than with conventional MRI, with unchanged specificity (100%). The sensitivity of conventional MRI for the diagnosis of FNH was significantly lower in lesions ≤ 3 cm (20% vs. 88%). Overall, HBP could have changed lesion management in 59/119 cases (49.5%), including 53 FNH and 6 HCA with no impact in 60/119 lesions (50.5%) including all 35 lesions classified as scores 1 and 2 for the diagnosis of FNH. CONCLUSIONS The clinical impact of HBP-MRI is mostly important for smaller than 3-cm FNH, and more limited in larger FNH lesions as well as for HCA diagnosis for which conventional MRI is already accurate. The use of extracellular contrast agents upfront could limit the required use of linear HBP contrast agents for benign hepatocellular lesion characterization. On HBP, all FNH appeared hypointense compared to adjacent liver while close to 97% of HCA appeared hypointense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Roux
- Service de Radiodiagnostic et Radiologie interventionnelle, CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Frederic Pigneur
- Groupe Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, Imagerie Medicale, AP-HP, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Laurence Baranes
- Groupe Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, Imagerie Medicale, AP-HP, 94010, Creteil, France
- Faculte de Medecine de Creteil, Universite Paris Est Creteil, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Julien Calderaro
- Faculte de Medecine de Creteil, Universite Paris Est Creteil, 94010, Creteil, France
- Groupe Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, Pathology, AP-HP, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Mélanie Chiaradia
- Groupe Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, Imagerie Medicale, AP-HP, 94010, Creteil, France
- Faculte de Medecine de Creteil, Universite Paris Est Creteil, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Thomas Decaens
- Faculte de Medecine de Creteil, Universite Paris Est Creteil, 94010, Creteil, France
- Groupe Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, AP-HP, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Sandrine Kastahian
- Groupe Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, Unite de Recherche Clinique (URC), AP-HP, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Anaïs Charles-Nelson
- Groupe Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, Unite de Recherche Clinique (URC), AP-HP, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Lambros Tselikas
- Groupe Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, Imagerie Medicale, AP-HP, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Charlotte Costentin
- Faculte de Medecine de Creteil, Universite Paris Est Creteil, 94010, Creteil, France
- Groupe Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, AP-HP, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Alexis Laurent
- Faculte de Medecine de Creteil, Universite Paris Est Creteil, 94010, Creteil, France
- Groupe Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, Liver Surgery, AP-HP, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Daniel Azoulay
- Faculte de Medecine de Creteil, Universite Paris Est Creteil, 94010, Creteil, France
- Groupe Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, Liver Surgery, AP-HP, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Ariane Mallat
- Faculte de Medecine de Creteil, Universite Paris Est Creteil, 94010, Creteil, France
- Groupe Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, AP-HP, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Alain Rahmouni
- Groupe Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, Imagerie Medicale, AP-HP, 94010, Creteil, France
- Faculte de Medecine de Creteil, Universite Paris Est Creteil, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Alain Luciani
- Groupe Henri Mondor Albert Chenevier, Imagerie Medicale, AP-HP, 94010, Creteil, France
- Faculte de Medecine de Creteil, Universite Paris Est Creteil, 94010, Creteil, France
- INSERM Unite U 955, Equipe 18, 94010, Creteil, France
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Ma D, Chen J, Luo Y, Wang H, Shi X. Zwitterion-coated ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles for enhanced T 1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging applications. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7267-7273. [PMID: 32264176 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01588g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a convenient strategy to prepare ultrasmall Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) coated with zwitterion l-cysteine (Cys) for enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging applications. The formed Fe3O4-PEG-Cys NPs possess antifouling properties, good r1 relaxivity, excellent cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility, and can be used as a contrast agent for enhanced blood pool and tumor MR imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
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Peng Z, Li C, Chan T, Cai H, Luo Y, Dong Z, Li ZP, Feng ST. Quantitative evaluation of Gd-EOB-DTPA uptake in focal liver lesions by using T1 mapping: differences between hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia and cavernous hemangioma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65435-65444. [PMID: 29029443 PMCID: PMC5630343 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the difference of T1 relaxation time on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and cavernous hemangioma of liver (CHL), and to quantitatively evaluate the uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA in these three focal liver lesions (FLLs). Results The T1P of CHL was significantly higher than those of HCC and FNH (P < 0.05). Reduction of T1 relaxation time on hepatobiliary phase could be observed in all three types of lesions. There were significant differences of T1P, T1E, T1D and T1D% between FNH, CHL and HCC (P < 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that T1D% was the best indicator for diagnostic differentiation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.702. Discriminant analysis using three variables (T1P, T1E, and T1D%) showed that the classification accuracy was 88.2%. Materials and Methods 74 patients diagnosed with focal liver lesions underwent Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI including T1 mapping were enrolled, consisting of 51 HCCs, 10 FNHs, and 13 CHLs. T1 relaxation times of these lesions were measured on pre-contrast (T1P) and on hepatobiliary phase images at 20 minute after contrast (T1E). The reduction of T1 relaxation time on hepatobiliary (T1D) and the percentage reduction (T1D%) was calculated. The differences of T1P, T1E, T1D and T1D% in these FLLs were analyzed. The usefulness of these parameters for classification of FLLs was evaluated. Conclusions Uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA is different between in HCC, FNH and CHL. These three lesions can be distinguished using T1 mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Peng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Chan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Huasong Cai
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanji Luo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Ping Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Ting Feng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
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Li XM, Chen Z, Xiao EH, Shang QL, Ma C. Diagnostic value of gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced hepatocyte-phase magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating hepatic fibrosis and hepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3133-3141. [PMID: 28533670 PMCID: PMC5423050 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i17.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the diagnostic value of gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA)-enhanced hepatocyte-phase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating hepatic fibrosis and hepatitis.
METHODS Hepatocyte-phase images of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI were retrospectively evaluated in 76 patients with chronic liver disease. These patients were classified into five groups according to either the histopathological fibrosis stage (S0-S4) or the histopathological hepatitis grade (G0-G4). The relative enhancement ratio (RE) of the liver parenchyma in the T1-vibe sequence was calculated by measuring the signal intensity before (SI pre) and 90 min after (SI post) intravenous injection of Gd-BOPTA using the following formula: RE = (SI post - SI pre)/SI pre. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the difference between the relative RE in the hepatocyte phase (REh) and the stage of hepatic fibrosis and the grade of hepatitis. Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the REh and the levels of serologic liver functional parameters.
RESULTS According to histopathological hepatic fibrosis stage, the 76 patients were classified into five groups: 16 in S0, 15 in S1, 21 in S2, 9 in S3, and 15 in S4 group. According to histopathological hepatitis grade, the 76 patients were also classified into five groups: 0 in G0, 44 in G1, 22 in G2, 8 in G3, and 2 in G3 group. With regard to the stage of hepatic fibrosis, REh showed significant differences between the S2 and S3 groups and between the S2 and S4 groups (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the other groups. With regard to the grade of hepatitis, REh showed significant differences between the G1 and G2 groups and between the G1 and G4 groups (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the other groups. Increased REh showed correlations with decreased serum levels of TB, ALT and AST (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION To some extent, measuring the REh using Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI might be a noninvasive technique for assessing the stage of hepatic fibrosis. This method is able to differentiate no/mild hepatitis from advanced hepatitis. TB, ALT and AST levels can predict the degree of liver enhancement in the hepatocyte phase of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI.
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Limitations of GD-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI: can clinical parameters predict suboptimal hepatobiliary phase? Clin Radiol 2017; 72:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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11
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Zhao X, Huang M, Zhu Q, Wang T, Liu Q. The relationship between liver function and liver parenchymal contrast enhancement on Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MR imaging in the hepatocyte phase. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 33:768-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Quantification of drug transport function across the multiple resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) in rat livers. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:135-47. [PMID: 25547484 PMCID: PMC4307239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the transport function of drugs across the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, it would be important to measure concentrations in hepatocytes and bile. However, these concentration gradients are rarely provided. The aim of the study is then to measure these concentrations and define parameters to quantify the canalicular transport of drugs through the multiple resistance associated-protein 2 (Mrp2) in entire rat livers. Besides drug bile excretion rates, we measured additional parameters to better define transport function across Mrp2: (1) Concentration gradients between hepatocyte and bile concentrations over time; and (2) a unique parameter (canalicular concentration ratio) that represents the slope of the non-linear regression curve between hepatocyte and bile concentrations. This information was obtained in isolated rat livers perfused with gadobenate dimeglumine (BOPTA) and mebrofenin (MEB), two hepatobiliary drugs used in clinical liver imaging. Interestingly, despite different transport characteristics including excretion rates into bile and hepatocyte clearance into bile, BOPTA and MEB have a similar canalicular concentration ratio. In contrast, the ratio was null when BOPTA was not excreted in bile in hepatocytes lacking Mrp2. The canalicular concentration ratio is more informative than bile excretion rates because it is independent of time, bile flows, and concentrations perfused in portal veins. It would be interesting to apply such information in human liver imaging where hepatobiliary compounds are increasingly investigated.
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Palmucci S. Focal liver lesions detection and characterization: The advantages of gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI. World J Hepatol 2014; 6:477-485. [PMID: 25067999 PMCID: PMC4110539 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v6.i7.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its clinical introduction, several studies in literature have investigated gadolinium ethoxybenzhyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid or gadoxetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) properties. Following contrast injection, it provides dynamic vascular phases (arterial, portal and equilibrium phases) and hepatobiliary phase, the latter due to its uptake by functional hepatocytes. The main advantages of Gd-EOB-DTPA of focal liver lesion detection and characterization are discussed in this paper. Namely, we focus on the possibility of distinguishing focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) from hepatic adenoma (HA), the identification of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the pre-operative assessment of metastasis in liver parenchyma. Regarding the differentiation between FNH and HA, adenoma typically appears hypointense in hepatobiliary phase, whereas FNH is isointense or hyperintense to the surrounding hepatic parenchyma. As for the identification of early HCCs, many papers recently published in literature have emphasized the contribution of hepatobiliary phase in the characterization of nodules without a typical hallmark of HCC. Atypical nodules (no hypervascularizaton observed on arterial phase and/or no hypovascular appearance on portal phase) with low signal intensity in the hepatobiliary phase, have a high probability of malignancy. Finally, regarding the evaluation of focal hepatic metastases, magnetic resonance pre-operative assessment using gadoxetic acid allows for more accurate diagnosis.
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Pirovano G, Kirchin MA, Lorusso V, Patel R, Shen N. Pharmacokinetics of gadobenate dimeglumine in children 2 to 5 years of age undergoing MRI of the central nervous system. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 41:1096-103. [PMID: 24807269 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the pharmacokinetic profile of gadobenate dimeglumine in children aged between 2 and 5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen children scheduled to undergo contrast-enhanced MRI for suspected disease of the central nervous system received a single intravenous injection of 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine. Children were stratified into three age groups: 2 to <3 years, 3 to <4 years, and 4 to 5 (i.e., <6 years). Serial blood and urine samples collected at prespecified time-points before and after contrast administration were analyzed for gadolinium concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental and compartmental techniques. RESULTS Mean values of 65.7 μg/mL for highest blood gadolinium concentration, 0.2 L/h/kg for blood clearance, 0.32 L/kg for steady-state volume of distribution, and 1.2 h for terminal elimination half-life were determined across all age groups combined. On average, more than 80% of the dose was eliminated in the urine during the first 24 h after administration. All pharmacokinetic parameters were similar between age groups and no effects of gender were noted. No adverse events considered related to gadobenate dimeglumine administration were reported. CONCLUSION In terms of pharmacokinetic profile no dosage adjustment from the approved adult gadobenate dimeglumine dose of 0.1 mmol/kg bodyweight is necessary in children aged between 2 and 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Pirovano
- Global Medical and Regulatory Affairs, Bracco Diagnostics Inc, Monroe, New Jersey, USA
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Seidensticker M, Burak M, Kalinski T, Garlipp B, Koelble K, Wust P, Antweiler K, Seidensticker R, Mohnike K, Pech M, Ricke J. Radiation-induced liver damage: correlation of histopathology with hepatobiliary magnetic resonance imaging, a feasibility study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2014; 38:213-21. [PMID: 24610229 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-014-0872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy of liver malignancies shows promising results (radioembolization, stereotactic irradiation, interstitial brachytherapy). Regardless of the route of application, a certain amount of nontumorous liver parenchyma will be collaterally damaged by radiation. The functional reserve may be significantly reduced with an impact on further treatment planning. Monitoring of radiation-induced liver damage by imaging is neither established nor validated. We performed an analysis to correlate the histopathological presence of radiation-induced liver damage with functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizing hepatobiliary contrast media (Gd-BOPTA). METHODS Patients undergoing local high-dose-rate brachytherapy for whom a follow-up hepatobiliary MRI within 120 days after radiotherapy as well as an evaluable liver biopsy from radiation-exposed liver tissue within 7 days before MRI were retrospectively identified. Planning computed tomography (CT)/dosimetry was merged to the CT-documentation of the liver biopsy and to the MRI. Presence/absence of radiation-induced liver damage (histopathology) and Gd-BOPTA uptake (MRI) as well as the dose applied during brachytherapy at the site of tissue sampling was determined. RESULTS Fourteen biopsies from eight patients were evaluated. In all cases with histopathological evidence of radiation-induced liver damage (n = 11), no uptake of Gd-BOPTA was seen. In the remaining three, cases no radiation-induced liver damage but Gd-BOPTA uptake was seen. Presence of radiation-induced liver damage and absence of Gd-BOPTA uptake was correlated with a former high-dose exposition. CONCLUSIONS Absence of hepatobiliary MRI contrast media uptake in radiation-exposed liver parenchyma may indicate radiation-induced liver damage. Confirmatory studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Seidensticker
- Klinik für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinik Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany,
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Pastor CM, Müllhaupt B, Stieger B. The Role of Organic Anion Transporters in Diagnosing Liver Diseases by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:675-84. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.055707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Jeong WK, Kim YK, Song KD, Choi D, Lim HK. The MR imaging diagnosis of liver diseases using gadoxetic acid: emphasis on hepatobiliary phase. Clin Mol Hepatol 2013; 19:360-6. [PMID: 24459639 PMCID: PMC3894434 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2013.19.4.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte specific contrast agents including gadoxetic acid and gadobenate dimeglumine are very useful to diagnose various benign and malignant focal hepatic lesions and even helpful to estimate hepatic functional reservoir. The far delayed phase image referred to as the hepatobiliary phase makes the sensitivity of detection for malignant focal hepatic lesions increased, but specificity of malignant diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma, metastasis and cholangiocarcinoma, characterization remained to be undetermined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Kyoung Jeong
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kon Kim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Doo Song
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongil Choi
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Keun Lim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Biologic factors affecting HCC conspicuity in hepatobiliary phase imaging with liver-specific contrast agents. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2013; 201:322-31. [PMID: 23883212 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.12.9478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors influencing hepatic enhancement and the conspicuity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on gadobenate dimeglu-mine- and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced hepatobiliary phase MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with chronic liver disease who underwent liver MRI with gadobenate dimeglumine (n = 93) or gadoxetate disodium (n = 92) were included in this study. The degree of hepatic enhancement on 1-hour and 3-hour delayed phase gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced and 20-minute delayed phase gadoxetate disodium-enhanced hepatobiliary phase images were evaluated with quantitative and visual indexes. The conspicuity of 40 HCCs in the gadobenate dimeglumine group and 38 HCCs in the gadoxetate disodium group were graded on a 5-point scale. Correlation between hepatic enhancement indexes and clinical factors (age, body weight, serum bilirubin concentration, model for end-stage liver disease score, Child-Pugh class, and renal function stage) and association between the conspicuity of HCCs and clinical factors, lesion diameter, and hepatic enhancement indexes were evaluated. RESULTS In the gadobenate dimeglumine group, the visual index of hepatic enhancement independently correlated with Child-Pugh class on both 1- and 3-hour delayed images (p < 0.001) and with renal function stage only on 3-hour delayed images (p ≤ 0.031). In the gadoxetate disodium group, both quantitative and visual indexes of hepatic enhancement independently correlated with Child-Pugh class (p ≤ 0.019). The conspicuity of HCCs independently correlated with Child-Pugh class and lesion diameter on 3-hour delayed gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced images (p ≤ 0.031) and on gadoxetate disodium-enhanced images (p = 0.033) and significantly correlated with the visual index of hepatic enhancement on both gadobenate dimeglumine- and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced images (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION Liver enhancement and conspicuity of HCC are significantly affected by Child-Pugh class on both gadobenate dimeglumine- and gadoxetate disodium-enhanced hepatobiliary phase MR images.
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Daali Y, Millet P, Dayer P, Pastor CM. Evidence of Drug-Drug Interactions through Uptake and Efflux Transport Systems in Rat Hepatocytes: Implications for Cellular Concentrations of Competing Drugs. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1548-56. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.051870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Pastor CM, Wissmeyer M, Millet P. Concentrations of Gd-BOPTA in cholestatic fatty rat livers: role of transport functions through membrane proteins. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 8:147-156. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe Millet
- Unité de Neurophysiologie Clinique et Neuroimagerie Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève; Geneva; Switzerland
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Diagnostic accuracy of MRI in differentiating hepatocellular adenoma from focal nodular hyperplasia: prospective study of the additional value of gadoxetate disodium. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2012; 199:26-34. [PMID: 22733890 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.11.7750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to prospectively determine the sensitivity of hepatobiliary phase gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI combined with standard MRI in differentiating focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) from hepatocellular adenoma (HCA). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Patients suspected of having FNH or HCA larger than 2 cm underwent gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI. Standard MRI was evaluated separately from the additional hepatobiliary phase by two blinded radiologists. For the largest lesion in each patient, findings were compared with histologic diagnosis. Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and distinctive features were analyzed using McNemar and analysis of variance tests. RESULTS Fifty-two patients completed the study. Histologic diagnosis revealed 24 HCAs and 28 FNHs. Characterization on standard MRI was inconclusive in 40% (21/52) and conclusive in 60% (31/52) of lesions. The sensitivity of standard MRI for HCA was 50% (12/24) with a PPV of 100% (12/12). The sensitivity for FNH was 68% (19/28) with a PPV of 95% (18/19). After review of hepatobiliary phase, the sensitivity for HCA improved to 96% (23/24) with a PPV of 96% (23/24). The sensitivity for FNH improved to 96% (27/28) with a PPV of 96% (27/28). Features with significant predictive value for diagnosis in HCA included bleeding (p < 0.001), fat (p = 0.010), and glycogen (p = 0.024). The presence of a central scar was predictive for FNH (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study shows high sensitivity of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced MRI when standard series are combined with the hepatobiliary phase for differentiation of FNH and HCA in lesions larger than 2 cm.
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Geninatti Crich S, Cutrin JC, Lanzardo S, Conti L, Kálmán FK, Szabó I, Lago NR, Iolascon A, Aime S. Mn-loaded apoferritin: a highly sensitive MRI imaging probe for the detection and characterization of hepatocarcinoma lesions in a transgenic mouse model. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2012; 7:281-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefania Lanzardo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Turin; Turin; Italy
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences; University of Turin; Turin; Italy
| | | | - Ibolya Szabó
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Chemistry IFM; University of Turin; Turin; Italy
| | - Néstor R. Lago
- Center of Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine; University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires; Argentina
| | - Achille Iolascon
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate; University of Naples; Naples; Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Chemistry IFM; University of Turin; Turin; Italy
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Tsuda N, Harada K, Matsui O. Effect of change in transporter expression on gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 26:568-76. [PMID: 21332553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To analyze the difference in signal intensity on gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) among various hepatocellular nodules during hepatocarcinogenesis as correlated with the expressions of the transporters of Gd-EOB-DTPA. METHODS We received institutional animal review board approval prior to the commencement of all studies. Forty rats were divided into three groups. The rats in the tumor groups received N-nitrosomorpholine solution (n = 16), and rats in the cirrhosis group (thioacetamide [TAA] group) received thioacetamide solution (n = 12). As a control, the remaining 12 rats were fed normal water. Each group was divided into two sub-groups: Group 1 for Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI (0.025 mmol Gd/kg, n =7) and Group 2 for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to compare transporter (oatp1 and mrp2) expressions (n = 5 for control and TAA groups, n = 9 for tumor groups). RESULTS Signal enhancement of tumors decreased according to the progress of hepatocarcinogenesis. Although the relative enhancement of each tumor group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference between TAA, hyperplastic nodules (HPN), and HCC(well) groups. The relative enhancement of the HCC(mod) group was significantly lower than the other groups (P < 0.01). The oatp1 expression of HPN tended to be higher than those of HCC(well) and HCC(mod). The mrp2 expression of TAA was significantly higher than those of HCC(well), HCC(mod), HPN and control (P < 0.01). The mrp2 expression of HPN tended to be higher than those of HCC(well ) and HCC(mod). CONCLUSION It was suggested that the signal enhancement on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI would correlate with the transporter expression in various hepatocellular nodules during hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuko Tsuda
- Diagnostic Imaging Medical Affair, Medical Affairs, Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
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Millet P, Moulin M, Stieger B, Daali Y, Pastor CM. How Organic Anions Accumulate in Hepatocytes Lacking Mrp2: Evidence in Rat Liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 336:624-632. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.175406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Air Embolism During Liver Procurement: An Underestimated Phenomenon? A Pilot Experimental Study. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:4409-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sharma P, Kitajima HD, Kalb B, Martin DR. Gadolinium-enhanced imaging of liver tumors and manifestations of hepatitis: pharmacodynamic and technical considerations. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 20:71-8. [PMID: 20010061 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0b013e3181c42454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to provide significant diagnostic impact to focal and diffuse liver diseases requires knowledge, analysis, and technical optimization of the imaging techniques. Our review outlines the technical requirements needed to perform reproducible contrast-enhanced liver imaging and describes the important imaging features for assessing liver disease with conventional and alternate gadolinium-based contrast media. We present an experimental review of timing and quantification methods in dynamic contrast-enhanced liver imaging, with results of analysis showing perfusion and uptake curves in a series of patients and healthy subjects. An evidence-based methodology for reproducible arterial-phase imaging is detailed for performing a real-time bolus-tracking method. Additional diagnostic imaging features manifest at later imaging phases, in which the kinetic behavior of the contrast media serves to further specify focal lesions, while revealing detailed information of diffuse liver disease, particularly hepatic fibrosis. We review the utility of alternate gadolinium-based contrast media that undergo hepatocyte uptake, for applications related to liver tumor imaging. We also introduce results showing the potential for using alternate hepatocyte uptake agents to detect and quantify liver changes related to acute and chronic hepatitides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Hwang HS, Kim SH, Jeon TY, Choi D, Lee WJ, Lim HK. Hypointense hepatic lesions depicted on gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced three-hour delayed hepatobiliary-phase MR imaging: differentiation between benignancy and malignancy. Korean J Radiol 2009; 10:294-302. [PMID: 19412518 PMCID: PMC2672185 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2009.10.3.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging simultaneously provides both morphological and functional information by the acquisition of dynamic and hepatobiliary-phase imaging. Focal lesions with no functioning hepatocytes, where hepatobiliary metabolism is blocked or inhibited, are generally unable to uptake and excrete gadobenate dimeglumine into the bile. Such lesions are typically malignant and usually appear hypointense as compared to the normal liver parenchyma as seen on hepatobiliary-phase imaging. However, various benign hepatic lesions may also be hypointense due to (a) the presence of no functioning hepatocytes, (b) damage to the functioning hepatocytes or (c) impairment of biliary function as depicted on hepatobiliary-phase imaging. All of these imaging features may result in recognition of the benign hepatic lesions as hepatic malignancies. As depicted on three-hour delayed hepatobiliary-phase imaging, peripheral iso/hyperintensity due to fibrotic tissue compared to the hypointense center with a fuzzy margin may be a clue for the presence of a benign hepatic lesion. In contrast, peripheral hypointensity due to rich tumoral cellularity compared to the center with a clear margin may favor an indication of the presence of a malignant hepatic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Sun Hwang
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, Korea
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Planchamp C, Gex-Fabry M, Becker CD, Pastor CM. Model-based analysis of Gd-BOPTA-induced MR signal intensity changes in cirrhotic rat livers. Invest Radiol 2007; 42:513-21. [PMID: 17568274 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e318036b450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the hepatic transport of the hepatobiliary contrast agent gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) in rats with biliary cirrhosis of various severity degrees from magnetic resonance (MR) signal intensities using a population pharmacokinetic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR signal intensity was recorded during the Gd-BOPTA perfusion of normal and cirrhotic isolated rat livers. Similar experiments were conducted with Gd-labeled Gd-BOPTA to quantify Gd-BOPTA content in liver, bile, and perfusate. All experimental data were analyzed together according to a population pharmacokinetic approach. RESULTS A 6-compartment model developed from the radioactivity data adequately fit all MRI data when 4 image parameters were added to describe the relationship between the amount of contrast agent and the signal intensity. The model showed that entry of Gd-BOPTA into hepatocytes was decreased in cirrhotic livers when compared to normal livers. CONCLUSIONS Although the MR signal intensity is similar in normal and cirrhotic livers, the population pharmacokinetic approach developed in this study shows a decreased entry of Gd-BOPTA into cirrhotic hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Planchamp
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Hépatique et Imagerie Moléculaire, and Département de Psychiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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Barash H, Gross E, Matot I, Edrei Y, Tsarfaty G, Spira G, Vlodavsky I, Galun E, Abramovitch R. Functional MR imaging during hypercapnia and hyperoxia: noninvasive tool for monitoring changes in liver perfusion and hemodynamics in a rat model. Radiology 2007; 243:727-35. [PMID: 17463135 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2433060433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively assess functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging during hypercapnia and hyperoxia for monitoring changes in liver perfusion and hemodynamics in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS All experiments were performed with approval of an animal care and use committee. Functional T2*-weighted gradient-echo MR images of the rat liver were acquired during hyperoxia and graded hypercapnia (n=24). Additional images were acquired during portal vein ligation (n=4), induced hypovolemia (n=5), and 70% hepatectomy (n=5). Hypercapnic effects were confirmed with Doppler ultrasonography and with gadopentetate dimeglumine. Differences between groups were analyzed by using Wilcoxon rank sum test, except for the graded hypercapnia, for which one-way analysis of variance was used. RESULTS Liver signal intensity (SI) increased due to hyperoxia; the percentage change in SI was seven times greater than that in muscle tissue; this reflects higher vascularity of the liver. Liver SI decreased due to hypercapnia; the percentage change in SI was negative in the liver but positive in the muscle (P<.001). Induced hypovolemia resulted in considerable decreases in functional MR imaging response; this reflects lower liver perfusion. Clinical applicability of the functional MR imaging method was proved by monitoring changes in liver perfusion that resulted from liver resection. CONCLUSION In the liver, the magnitude of the percentage change in SI induced by hypercapnia and hyperoxia reflects changes in total blood volume; whereas percentage change in SI values induced by hypercapnia from a negative to a positive value reflects relative changes in portal-to-arterial blood flow ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Barash
- Goldyne Savad Institute for Gene Therapy, MRI/MRS Lab HBRC, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
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Planchamp C, Hadengue A, Stieger B, Bourquin J, Vonlaufen A, Frossard JL, Quadri R, Becker CD, Pastor CM. Function of Both Sinusoidal and Canalicular Transporters Controls the Concentration of Organic Anions within Hepatocytes. Mol Pharmacol 2007; 71:1089-97. [PMID: 17234897 DOI: 10.1124/mol.106.030759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the function of both sinusoidal and canalicular transporters importantly controls the concentrations of organic anions within normal hepatocytes. Consequently, we investigated how acute transport regulation of the sinusoidal organic anion transporting polypeptides (Oatps) and the canalicular multidrug resistance associated protein 2 (Mrp(2)) determines the hepatic concentrations of the organic anion gadolinium benzyloxypropionictetraacetate (BOPTA) in rat livers. Livers were perfused with labeled BOPTA in different experimental settings that modify the function of Oatps and Mrp(2) through the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. Intrahepatic concentrations were continuously measured with a gamma probe placed above rat livers. Labeled BOPTA was also measured in perfusate and bile. We showed that when the function of Oatps and Mrp(2) is modified in such a way that BOPTA entry and exit are similarly decreased, concentrations of organic anions within hepatocytes remain unaltered. When exit through Mrp(2) is abolished, hepatic concentrations are high if entry through Oatps is only slightly decreased (livers without Mrp(2) expression) or low if BOPTA uptake is more importantly decreased (livers perfused with a PKC activator). These results highlight that the function of both sinusoidal and canalicular transporters is important to determine the concentration of organic anions within hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Planchamp
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Hépatique et Imagerie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Rue Micheli-du-Crest, 24, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Libra A, Fernetti C, Lorusso V, Visigalli M, Anelli PL, Staud F, Tiribelli C, Pascolo L. Molecular Determinants in the Transport of a Bile Acid-Derived Diagnostic Agent in Tumoral and Nontumoral Cell Lines of Human Liver. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 319:809-17. [PMID: 16895978 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.106591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) is a valuable technique for the diagnosis of liver diseases. As gadocoletic acid trisodium salt (B22956/1), a new contrast agent showing high biliary excretion, may be potentially advantageous in hepatobiliary imaging, the aim of the study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of hepatic transport of the B22956 ion in a cellular model of hepatic tumor. B22956 ion uptake was measured in tumoral (HepG2) and nontumoral (Chang liver) hepatic cell lines. Absolute quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses, using cloned PCR products as standards, were performed on total RNA of both cell lines and normal liver to evaluate the transcription of 12 transport genes: SLCO1A2, SLCO2B1, SLCO1B1, SLCO3A1, SLCO4A1, SLCO1B3, SLC22A7, SLC22A8, SLC22A1, SLC10A1, SLC15A1, and SLC15A2. B22956 transport was more efficient in Chang liver than in HepG2 cells and was inhibited by cholecystokinin-8, a specific substrate of OATP1B3. Real-time RT-PCR analyses revealed different transcription profiles in the tumoral and nontumoral cell lines. Compared with normal liver, the expression of SLCO1B1, SLCO3A1, and SLCO1B3 was greatly repressed in HepG2 cells, whereas SLCO2B1, SLC22A7, and SLC22A8 expression was either maintained or increased. On the contrary, in Chang liver cells, SLC22A7 and SLC22A8 genes were undetectable, whereas the expression of SLCO3A1, SLCO4A1, and SLCO1B3 was similar to normal liver. Transport studies and gene expression analyses indicated that B22956 ion is a good substrate to the liver-specific OATP1B3, reported to be poorly expressed or absent in human liver tumors. Therefore, B22956 may be helpful in detecting hepatic neoplastic lesions by CE-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Libra
- Centro Studi Fegato, Bldg. Q, AREA Science Park Basovizza, SS 14 Km 163.5, 34012 Trieste, Italy
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Planchamp C, Pastor CM, Balant L, Becker CD, Terrier F, Gex-Fabry M. Quantification of Gd-BOPTA uptake and biliary excretion from dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in rat livers: model validation with 153Gd-BOPTA. Invest Radiol 2006; 40:705-14. [PMID: 16230903 DOI: 10.1097/01.rli.0000183053.08921.2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to develop and validate a pharmacokinetic model allowing description of the magnetic resonance (MR) signal intensity induced by the hepatobiliary contrast agent Gd-BOPTA and to quantify the overall Gd-BOPTA transport in rat liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS MR signal intensity was recorded during the perfusion of rat livers with Gd-DTPA, an extracellular contrast agent, and Gd-BOPTA, a hepatobiliary contrast agent. Similar experiments were conducted with Gd-labeled contrast agents for quantitative measurement in liver, bile and perfusate. RESULTS A complete 6-compartment, 8 parameter open model was first developed to describe the pharmacokinetics of the compound based on the radioactivity data analysis. Because perfusate and bile data were not available in MRI experiments, a reduced model (6-compartment, 5 parameters) was considered for the MRI data. The performance of the reduced model was tested using the radioactivity data. The reduced model successfully described the contrast agent amount in the liver and correctly predicted amounts in bile and perfusate. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacokinetic modeling of MR signal intensity induced by Gd-BOPTA permits quantification of Gd-BOPTA uptake and biliary excretion in rat livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Planchamp
- Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Ricke J, Seidensticker M, Lüdemann L, Pech M, Wieners G, Hengst S, Mohnike K, Cho CH, Lopez Hänninen E, Al-Abadi H, Felix R, Wust P. In vivo assessment of the tolerance dose of small liver volumes after single-fraction HDR irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 62:776-84. [PMID: 15936559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Revised: 09/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively assess a dose-response relationship for small volumes of liver parenchyma after single-fraction irradiation. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty-five liver metastases were treated by computed tomography (CT)-guided interstitial brachytherapy. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed 1 day before and 3 days and 6, 12, and 24 weeks after therapy. MR sequences included T1-w gradient echo (GRE) enhanced by hepatocyte-targeted gadobenate dimeglumine. All MRI data sets were merged with 3D dosimetry data and evaluated by two radiologists. The reviewers indicated the border of hyperintensity on T2-w images (edema) or hypointensity on T1-w images (loss of hepatocyte function). Based on the total 3D data, a dose-volume histogram was calculated. We estimated the threshold dose for either edema or function loss as the D(90), i.e., the dose achieved in at least 90% of the pseudolesion volume. RESULTS Between 3 days and 6 weeks, the extension of the edema increased significantly from the 12.9 Gy isosurface to 9.9 Gy (standard deviation [SD], 3.3 and 2.6). No significant change was detected between 6 and 12 weeks. After 24 weeks, the edematous tissue had shrunk significantly to 14.7 Gy (SD, 4.2). Three days postbrachytherapy, the D(90) for hepatocyte function loss reached the 14.9 Gy isosurface (SD, 3.9). At 6 weeks, the respective zone had increased significantly to 9.9 Gy (SD, 2.3). After 12 and 24 weeks, the dysfunction volume had decreased significantly to the 11.9 Gy and 15.2 Gy isosurface, respectively (SD, 3 and 4.1). CONCLUSIONS The 95% interval from 7.6 to 12.2 Gy found as the minimal hepatocyte tolerance after 6 weeks accounts for the radiobiologic variations found in CT-guided brachytherapy, including heterogeneous dose rates by variable catheter arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Ricke
- Klinik für Strahlenheilkunde, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Humboldt-University Medical School, Berlin, Germany.
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Grazioli L, Morana G, Kirchin MA, Schneider G. Accurate differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia from hepatic adenoma at gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging: prospective study. Radiology 2005; 236:166-77. [PMID: 15955857 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2361040338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To prospectively determine the accuracy of differentiating benign focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) from hepatic adenoma (HA) and liver adenomatosis (LA) by using gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethics committee at each center approved the study, and all patients provided informed consent. Seventy-three patients with confirmed FNH and 35 patients with confirmed HA (n = 27) or LA (n = 8) underwent MR imaging before (T2-weighted half-Fourier rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement or T2-weighted fast spin-echo and T1-weighted gradient-echo [GRE] sequences) and at 25-30 seconds (arterial phase), 70-90 seconds (portal venous phase), 3-5 minutes (equilibrium phase), and 1-3 hours (delayed phase) after (T1-weighted GRE sequences only, with or without fat suppression) bolus administration of 0.1 mmol per kilogram of body weight gadobenate dimeglumine. The enhancement of 235 lesions (128 FNH, 32 HA, and 75 LA lesions) relative to the normal liver parenchyma was assessed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy for the differentiation of FNH from HA and LA were determined. RESULTS Hyper- and isointensity on T2-weighted and iso- and hypointensity on T1-weighted GRE images were noted for 177 (88.9%) of 199 lesions visible on unenhanced images. On dynamic phase images after contrast material administration, 231 (98.3%) of 235 lesions showed rapid strong enhancement during the arterial phase and appeared hyper- to isointense during portal venous and equilibrium phases. Accurate differentiation of FNH from HA and LA was not possible on the basis of precontrast or dynamic phase images alone. At 1-3 hours after contrast material enhancement, 124 (96.9%) of 128 FNHs appeared hyper- or isointense, while 107 (100%) HA and LA lesions appeared hypointense. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and overall accuracy for the differentiation of FNH from HA and LA were 96.9%, 100%, 100%, 96.4%, and 98.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION Accurate differentiation of FNH from HA and LA is achievable on delayed T1-weighted GRE images after administration of gadobenate dimeglumine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Grazioli
- Department of Radiology, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25023 Brescia, Italy.
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Planchamp C, Beyer GJ, Slosman DO, Terrier F, Pastor CM. Direct evidence of the temperature dependence of Gd-BOPTA transport in the intact rat liver. Appl Radiat Isot 2005; 62:943-9. [PMID: 15799874 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Revised: 11/12/2004] [Accepted: 11/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to study the influence of temperature on the transport of the hepatobiliary contrast agent Gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA). Rat livers were isolated and perfused with Gd-BOPTA at 12, 25, 30, 36 and 38 degrees C. After the perfusion period, biopsies were collected and the MR signal intensity was measured. Uptake and biliary excretion were quantified with radiolabeled Gd-BOPTA. MR signal intensity decreased with temperature of perfusion. This phenomenon was appropriately quantified with 153Gd and 153Sm labeling, in contrast to 67Ga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Planchamp
- Laboratoire de physiopathologie hépatique, et imagerie moléculaire, Département de Radiologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Rue Micheli-du-Crest 24, CH-1211 Genève 14, Switzerland.
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Planchamp C, Montet X, Frossard JL, Quadri R, Stieger B, Meier PJ, Ivancevic MK, Vallée JP, Terrier F, Pastor CM. Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Hepatospecific Contrast Agents in Cirrhotic Rat Livers. Invest Radiol 2005; 40:187-94. [PMID: 15770136 DOI: 10.1097/01.rli.0000154587.00638.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During biliary cirrhosis in rats, organic anion-transporting peptides (Oatps) and ATP-dependent multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) that are likely to transport the contrast agent Gd-BOPTA through hepatocytes are down-regulated. However, the consequences of such down-regulation on the signal intensity (SI) enhancement are unknown. Consequently, the aim of our study was to measure the hepatic SI enhancement during Gd-BOPTA perfusion as well as the Oatp and Mrp2 expression in normal and cirrhotic livers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hepatic SI enhancement during Gd-BOPTA perfusion was measured in livers isolated from normal rats and rats that had a bile duct ligation (BDL) 15, 30, and 60 days before the perfusion. Hepatic injury and transporter expression were measured in control and cirrhotic rats. RESULTS BDL induced a severe hepatic injury that increased over time with a down-regulation of the transporter expression. The extracellular space (assessed by Gd-DTPA perfusion) increased with the severity of the disease. Gd-BOPTA-induced SI enhancement remained similar in BDL-15 and BDL-30 rats than in control rats but significantly decreased in severe cirrhosis (BDL-60 rats). In comparison, the Mn-DPDP-induced SI enhancement decreases proportionally to the severity of the disease. CONCLUSION During biliary cirrhosis, Gd-BOPTA-induced SI enhancement could not be related to the hepatic expression of transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Planchamp
- Département de Radiologie and Division de Gastroentérologie, Höpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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Planchamp C, Gex-Fabry M, Dornier C, Quadri R, Reist M, Ivancevic MK, Vallée JP, Pochon S, Terrier F, Balant L, Stieger B, Meier PJ, Pastor CM. Gd-BOPTA Transport Into Rat Hepatocytes: Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Images Using a Hollow-Fiber Bioreactor. Invest Radiol 2004; 39:506-15. [PMID: 15257212 DOI: 10.1097/01.rli.0000129156.16054.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the transport of the hepatobiliary magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast agent Gd-BOPTA into rat hepatocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a MR-compatible hollow-fiber bioreactor containing hepatocytes, MR signal intensity was measured over time during the perfusion of Gd-BOPTA. For comparison, the perfusion of an extracellular contrast agent (Gd-DTPA) was also studied. A compartmental pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe dynamic signal intensity-time curves. RESULTS The dynamic signal intensity-time curves of the hepatocyte hollow-fiber bioreactor during Gd-BOPTA perfusion were adequately fitted by 2 compartmental models. Modeling permitted to discriminate between the behaviors of the extracellular contrast agent (Gd-DTPA) and the hepatobiliary contrast agent (Gd-BOPTA). It allowed the successfully quantification of the parameters involved in such differences. Gd-BOPTA uptake was saturable at high substrate concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The transport of Gd-BOPTA into rat hepatocytes was successfully described by compartmental analysis of the signal intensity recorded over time and supported the hypothesis of a transporter-mediated uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Planchamp
- Geneva University Hospitals, Radiology Department, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Liver imaging in patients with a history of known or suspected malignancy is important because the liver is a common site of metastatic spread, especially tumours from the colon, lung, pancreas and stomach, and in patients with chronic liver disease who are at risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Since benign liver lesions are common, liver-imaging strategies should incorporate liver lesion detection and characterisation. Survey examination in patients with a known extra-hepatic malignancy to exclude the presence of hepatic and extra-hepatic involvement is normally undertaken with a contrast-enhanced computed tomography examination. When patients with hepatic metastases are being considered for metastasesectomy, they undergo a staging examination with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using tissue-specific contrast agents. Patients with chronic liver disease who are at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma undergo periodic liver screening for focal liver detection, usually with ultrasonography (US) with MRI being used when US is equivocal. Finally, contrast-enhanced MRI with extra-cellular gadolinium chelates is preferred for characterisation of indeterminate hepatic masses with liver biopsy used when tissue diagnosis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Raquel Oliva
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, White 270 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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