1
|
Price AN, Cordero-Grande L, Malik SJ, Hajnal JV. Simultaneous multislice imaging of the heart using multiband balanced SSFP with blipped-CAIPI. Magn Reson Med 2019; 83:2185-2196. [PMID: 31746055 PMCID: PMC7065016 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In this work, we explore the use of multiband (MB) balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) with blipped‐controlled aliasing in parallel imaging (CAIPI), which avoids the issues of altered frequency response associated with RF phase cycling, and show its application to accelerating cardiac cine imaging. Methods Blipped and RF‐cycled CAIPI were implemented into a retrospective‐gated segmented cine multiband bSSFP sequence. The 2 methods were compared at 3T using MB2 to demonstrate the effect on frequency response. Further data (4 subjects) were acquired at both 1.5T and 3T collecting 12‐slice short axis stacks using blipped‐CAIPI with MB acceleration factors of 1–4. The impact on SNR and contrast was evaluated along with g‐factors at different accelerations. Results Data acquired with blipped‐CAIPI multiband bSSFP up to factor 4 yielded functional cine data with good SNR and contrast, while reliably keeping dark‐band artefacts clear of the heart at 1.5T. SAR limits the maximum MB acceleration, particularly at 3T, where minimum TR increase is problematic and leakage artefacts are more prevalent. Mean g‐factors across the heart were measured at 1.00, 1.06, and 1.12 for MB2–MB4, whereas blood‐pool SNR measures (end‐diastole) decreased by 11.8, 21.5, and 36.9%; ultimately LV‐myocardium CNR remained sufficient at 1.5T with values ranging: 15.6, 13.4, 11.9, and 9.6 (MB1–MB4). Conclusion Blipped‐CAIPI multiband bSSFP can be used in cardiovascular applications without affecting the frequency response because of controlled aliasing and can be readily incorporated into segmented cine acquisitions without adding any additional constraints because of phase cycling requirements. The method was used to collect full ventricular coverage within a single breath‐hold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony N Price
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilio Cordero-Grande
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shaihan J Malik
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph V Hajnal
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakao R, Nagao M, Fukushima K, Sakai A, Watanabe E, Kawakubo M, Sakai S, Hagiwara N. Prediction of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Response in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Using Vortex Flow Mapping on Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Circ Rep 2019; 1:333-341. [PMID: 33693159 PMCID: PMC7892483 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-18-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
We investigated the association between left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and vortex flow (VF), and whether cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response can be predicted using VF mapping (VFM) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods and Results:
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data for 20 patients with heart failure (HF) with LVEF ≥40% and 25 patients with DCM with LVEF <40%, scheduled for CRT, were retrospectively analyzed. The maximum VF (MVF) on short-axis, long-axis and 4-chamber LV cine imaging were calculated using VFM. Summed MVF was used as a representative value for each case and was significantly greater for patients with DCM than for patients with HF with LVEF ≥40% (25.2±19.2% vs. 12.1±15.4%, P<0.005). Summed MVF was significantly greater for CRT responders (n=12, 35.8±22.7%) than for non-responders (n=13, 15.8±8.7%, P=0.04) during the mean follow-up period of 38.4 months after CRT. Patients with summed MVF ≥31.3% had a significantly higher major adverse cardiac event-free rate than those with MVF <31.3% (log-rank=4.51, P<0.05). Conclusions:
On VFM analysis, LV VF interrupted efficient ejection in HF. Summed MVF can predict CRT response in DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Risako Nakao
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Michinobu Nagao
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenji Fukushima
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Akiko Sakai
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Eri Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Masateru Kawakubo
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shuji Sakai
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Hagiwara
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo L, Herzka DA. Sorted Golden-step phase encoding: an improved Golden-step imaging technique for cardiac and respiratory self-gated cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2019; 21:23. [PMID: 30999911 PMCID: PMC6472023 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-019-0533-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous self-gated cardiac imaging techniques have been reported in the literature. Most can track either cardiac or respiratory motion, and many incur some overhead to imaging data acquisition. We previously described a Cartesian cine imaging technique, pseudo-projection motion tracking with golden-step phase encoding, capable of tracking both cardiac and respiratory motion at no cost to imaging data acquisition. In this work, we describe improvements to the technique by dramatically reducing its vulnerability to eddy current and flow artifacts and demonstrating its effectiveness in expanded cardiovascular applications. METHODS As with our previous golden-step technique, the Cartesian phase encodes over time were arranged based on the integer golden step, and readouts near ky = 0 (pseudo-projections) were used to derive motion. In this work, however, the readouts were divided into equal and consecutive temporal segments, within which the readouts were sorted according to ky. The sorting reduces the phase encode jump between consecutive readouts while maintaining the pseudo-randomness of ky to sample both cardiac and respiratory motion without comprising the ability to retrospectively set the temporal resolution of the original technique. On human volunteers, free-breathing, electrocardiographic (ECG)-free cine scans were acquired for all slices of the short axis stack and the 4-chamber view of the long axis. Retrospectively, cardiac motion and respiratory motion were automatically extracted from the pseudo-projections to guide cine reconstruction. The resultant image quality in terms of sharpness and cardiac functional metrics was compared against breath-hold ECG-gated reference cines. RESULTS With sorting, motion tracking of both cardiac and respiratory motion was effective for all slices orientations imaged, and artifact occurrence due to eddy current and flow was efficiently eliminated. The image sharpness derived from the self-gated cines was found to be comparable to the reference cines (mean difference less than 0.05 mm- 1 for short-axis images and 0.075 mm- 1 for long-axis images), and the functional metrics (mean difference < 4 ml) were found not to be statistically different from those from the reference. CONCLUSIONS This technique dramatically reduced the eddy current and flow artifacts while preserving the ability of cost-free motion tracking and the flexibility of choosing arbitrary navigator zone width, number of cardiac phases, and duration of scanning. With the restriction of the artifacts removed, the Cartesian golden-step cine imaging can now be applied to cardiac imaging slices of more diverse orientation and anatomy at greater reliability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Suite 726 Ross Building, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Daniel A. Herzka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Suite 726 Ross Building, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ishizaki U, Nagao M, Shiina Y, Fukushima K, Takahashi T, Shimomiya Y, Matsuo Y, Inai K, Sakai S. Prediction of Fontan-Associated Liver Disease Using a Novel Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging “Vortex Flow Map” in the Right Atrium. Circ J 2018; 82:2143-2151. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umiko Ishizaki
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Michinobu Nagao
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Yumi Shiina
- Division of Clinical Research for ACHD, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
- Cardiovascular Center, St. Luke’s International Hospital
| | - Kenji Fukushima
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | | | - Yamato Shimomiya
- Clinical Application Development Marketing Division, Ziosoft Inc
| | - Yuka Matsuo
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Kei Inai
- Division of Clinical Research for ACHD, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Shuji Sakai
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shiina Y, Inai K, Takahashi T, Shimomiya Y, Ishizaki U, Fukushima K, Nagao M. Vortex Flow in the Right Atrium Surrogates Supraventricular Arrhythmia and Thrombus After Atriopulmonary Connection-Type Fontan Operation: Vortex Flow Analysis Using Conventional Cine Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:375-383. [PMID: 29098349 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We developed a novel imaging technique, designated as vortex flow (VF) mapping, which presents a vortex flow visually on conventional two-dimensional (2D) cine MRI. Using it, we assessed circumferential VF patterns and influences on RA thrombus and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in AP connection-type Fontan circulation. Retrospectively, we enrolled 27 consecutive patients (25.1 ± 9.2 years) and 7 age-matched controls who underwent cardiac MRI. Conventional cine images acquired using a 1.5-Tesla scanner were scanned for axial and coronal cross section of the RA. We developed "vortex flow mapping" to demonstrate the ratio of the circumferential voxel movement at each phase to the total movement throughout a cardiac cycle towards the RA center. The maximum ratio was used as a magnitude of vortex flow (MVF%) in RA cine imaging. We also measured percentages of strong and weak VF areas (VFA%). Furthermore, in 10 out of 27, we compared VF between previous CMR (3.8 ± 1.5 years ago) and latest CMR. Of the patients, 15 had cardiovascular complications (Group A); 12 did not (Group B). A transaxial image showed that strong VFA% in Group A was significantly smaller than that in Group B or controls. A coronal view revealed that strong VFA% was also smaller, and weak VFA% was larger in Group A than in Group B or controls (P < 0.05, and P < 0.05). Maximum MVF% in Group A was significantly smaller than in other groups (P < 0.001). Univariate logistic analyses revealed weak VFA% on a coronal image, and serum total bilirubin level as factors affecting cardiovascular complications (Odds ratio 1.14 and 66.1, 95% CI 1.004-1.30 and 1.59-2755.6, P values < 0.05 and < 0.05, respectively). Compared to the previous CMR, smaller maximum VMF%, smaller strong VFA%, and larger weak VFA% were identified in the latest CMR. Circumferentially weak VFA% on a coronal image can be one surrogate marker of SVT and thrombus in AP connection-type Fontan circulation. This simple VF assessment is clinically useful to detect blood stagnation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Shiina
- Department of Clinical Research for ACHD, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Wakamatsu Kawada, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan.,Cardiovascular Center, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Inai
- Department of Clinical Research for ACHD, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Wakamatsu Kawada, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan. .,Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tatsunori Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Research for ACHD, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Wakamatsu Kawada, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan.,Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yamato Shimomiya
- Department of Clinical Application Development, Ziosoft Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Umiko Ishizaki
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukushima
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michinobu Nagao
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging & Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Piekarski E, Chitiboi T, Ramb R, Latson LA, Bhatla P, Feng L, Axel L. Two-dimensional XD-GRASP provides better image quality than conventional 2D cardiac cine MRI for patients who cannot suspend respiration. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 31:49-59. [PMID: 29067539 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-017-0655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Residual respiratory motion degrades image quality in conventional cardiac cine MRI (CCMRI). We evaluated whether a free-breathing (FB) radial imaging CCMRI sequence with compressed sensing reconstruction [extradimensional (e.g. cardiac and respiratory phases) golden-angle radial sparse parallel, or XD-GRASP] could provide better image quality than a conventional Cartesian breath-held (BH) sequence in an unselected population of patients undergoing clinical CCMRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred one patients who underwent BH and FB imaging in a midventricular short-axis plane at a matching location were included. Visual and quantitative image analysis was performed by two blinded experienced readers, using a five-point qualitative scale to score overall image quality and visual signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) grade, with measures of noise and sharpness. End-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular areas were also measured and compared for both BH and FB images. RESULTS Image quality was generally better with the BH cines (overall quality grade for BH vs FB images 4 vs 2.9, p < 0.001; noise 0.06 vs 0.08 p < 0.001; SNR grade 4.1 vs 3, p < 0.001), except for sharpness (p = 0.48). There were no significant differences between BH and FB images regarding end-diastolic or end-systolic areas (p = 0.35 and p = 0.12). Eighteen of the 101 patients had poor BH image quality (grade 1 or 2). In this subgroup, the quality of the FB images was better (p = 0.0032), as was the SNR grade (p = 0.003), but there were no significant differences regarding noise and sharpness (p = 0.45 and p = 0.47). CONCLUSION Although FB XD-GRASP CCMRI was visually inferior to conventional BH CCMRI in general, it provided improved image quality in the subgroup of patients with respiratory-motion-induced artifacts on BH images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eve Piekarski
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York, NY, USA
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York, NY, USA
| | - Teodora Chitiboi
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York, NY, USA
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Ramb
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York, NY, USA
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York, NY, USA
| | - Larry A Latson
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 650 First Ave., New York, NY, USA
| | - Puneet Bhatla
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 650 First Ave., New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Feng
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York, NY, USA
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York, NY, USA
| | - Leon Axel
- Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York, NY, USA.
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, 660 First Ave., New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 650 First Ave., New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Simonetti OP, Ahmad R. Low-Field Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Compelling Case for Cardiac Magnetic Resonance's Future. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 10:e005446. [PMID: 28611117 PMCID: PMC5659627 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.117.005446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orlando P Simonetti
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (O.P.S.), Department of Radiology (O.P.S.), Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute (O.P.S., R.A.), and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (R.A.), The Ohio State University, Columbus.
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (O.P.S.), Department of Radiology (O.P.S.), Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute (O.P.S., R.A.), and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (R.A.), The Ohio State University, Columbus
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo L, Derbyshire JA, Herzka DA. Pseudo-projection-driven, self-gated cardiac cine imaging using cartesian golden step phase encoding. Magn Reson Med 2016; 76:417-29. [PMID: 26519940 PMCID: PMC5019250 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and evaluate a novel two-dimensional self-gated imaging technique for free-breathing cardiac cine MRI that is free of motion-detection overhead and requires minimal planning for motion tracking. METHODS Motion along the readout direction was extracted solely from normal Cartesian imaging readouts near ky = 0. During imaging, the readouts below a certain |ky | threshold were scaled in magnitude and filtered in time to form "pseudo-projections," enabling projection-based motion tracking along readout without frequently acquiring the central phase encode. A discrete golden step phase encode scheme allowed the |ky | threshold to be freely set after the scan while maintaining uniform motion sampling. RESULTS The pseudo-projections stream displayed sufficient spatiotemporal resolution for both cardiac and respiratory tracking, allowing retrospective reconstruction of free-breathing non-electrocardiogram (ECG) cines. The technique was tested on healthy subjects, and the resultant image quality, measured by blood-myocardium boundary sharpness, myocardial mass, and single-slice ejection fraction was found to be comparable to standard breath-hold ECG-gated cines. CONCLUSION The use of pseudo-projections for motion tracking was found feasible for cardiorespiratory self-gated imaging. Despite some sensitivity to flow and eddy currents, the simplicity of acquisition makes the proposed technique a valuable tool for self-gated cardiac imaging. Magn Reson Med 76:417-429, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Guo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - J. Andrew Derbyshire
- Functional MRI FacilityNational Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Daniel A. Herzka
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nguyen KL, Khan SN, Moriarty JM, Mohajer K, Renella P, Satou G, Ayad I, Patel S, Boechat MI, Finn JP. High-field MR imaging in pediatric congenital heart disease: initial results. Pediatr Radiol 2015; 45:42-54. [PMID: 25086500 PMCID: PMC4281382 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-014-3093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive assessment of pediatric congenital heart disease (CHD) at any field strength mandates evaluation of both vascular and dynamic cardiac anatomy for which diagnostic quality contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CEMRA) and cardiac cine are crucial. OBJECTIVE To determine whether high-resolution (HR) CEMRA and steady-state free precession (SSFP) cine can be performed reliably at 3.0 T in children with CHD and to compare the image quality to similar techniques performed at 1.5 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients with a median age of 5 months and average weight 9.0 ± 7.8 kg with suspected or known CHD were evaluated at 3.0 T. SSFP cine (n = 86 series) and HR-CEMRA (n = 414 named vascular segments) were performed and images were scored for image quality and artifacts. The findings were compared to those of 28 patients with CHD of similar weight who were evaluated at 1.5 T. RESULTS Overall image quality on HR-CEMRA was rated as excellent or good in 96% (397/414) of vascular segments at 3.0 T (k = 0.49) and in 94% (349/371) of vascular segments at 1.5 T (k = 0.36). Overall image quality of SSFP was rated excellent or good in 91% (78/86) of cine series at 3.0 T (k = 0.55) and in 81% (87/108) at 1.5 T (k = 0.47). Off-resonance artifact was common at both field strengths, varied over the cardiac cycle and was more prevalent at 3.0 T. At 3.0 T, off-resonance dark band artifact on SSFP cine was absent in 3% (3/86), mild in 69% (59/86), moderate in 27% (23/86) and severe in 1% (1/86) of images; at 1.5 T, dark band artifact was absent in 16% (17/108), mild in 69% (75/108), moderate in 12% (13/108) and severe in 3% (3/108) of cine images. The signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio of both SSFP cine and HR-CEMRA images were significantly higher at 3.0 T than at 1.5 T (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio of high-resolution contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography and SSFP cine were higher at 3.0 T than at 1.5 T. Artifacts on SSFP cine were cardiac phase specific and more prevalent at 3.0 T such that frequency-tuning was required in one-third of exams. In neonates, high spatial resolution CEMRA was highly reliable in defining extracardiac vascular anatomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Lien Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Sarah N. Khan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Peter V. Ueberroth Bldg., Ste. 3371, 10945 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-7206 USA
| | - John M. Moriarty
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Peter V. Ueberroth Bldg., Ste. 3371, 10945 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-7206 USA
| | - Kiyarash Mohajer
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Peter V. Ueberroth Bldg., Ste. 3371, 10945 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-7206 USA
| | - Pierangelo Renella
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Peter V. Ueberroth Bldg., Ste. 3371, 10945 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-7206 USA
| | - Gary Satou
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Ihab Ayad
- Department of Anesthesia, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Swati Patel
- Department of Anesthesia, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - M. Ines Boechat
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Peter V. Ueberroth Bldg., Ste. 3371, 10945 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-7206 USA
| | - J. Paul Finn
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Peter V. Ueberroth Bldg., Ste. 3371, 10945 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-7206 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Non-ECG-gated unenhanced MRA of the carotids: optimization and clinical feasibility. Eur Radiol 2013; 23:3020-8. [PMID: 23783783 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-013-2931-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To optimise and assess the clinical feasibility of a carotid non-ECG-gated unenhanced MRA sequence. METHODS Sixteen healthy volunteers and 11 patients presenting with internal carotid artery (ICA) disease underwent large field-of-view balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) unenhanced MRA at 3T. Sampling schemes acquiring the k-space centre either early (kCE) or late (kCL) in the acquisition window were evaluated. Signal and image quality was scored in comparison to ECG-gated kCE unenhanced MRA and TOF. For patients, computed tomography angiography was used as the reference. RESULTS In volunteers, kCE sampling yielded higher image quality than kCL and TOF, with fewer flow artefacts and improved signal homogeneity. kCE unenhanced MRA image quality was higher without ECG-gating. Arterial signal and artery/vein contrast were higher with both bSSFP sampling schemes than with TOF. The kCE sequence allowed correct quantification of ten significant stenoses, and it facilitated the identification of an infrapetrous dysplasia, which was outside of the TOF imaging coverage. CONCLUSIONS Non-ECG-gated bSSFP carotid imaging offers high-quality images and is a promising sequence for carotid disease diagnosis in a short acquisition time with high spatial resolution and a large field of view. KEY POINTS • Non-ECG-gated unenhanced bSSFP MRA offers high-quality imaging of the carotid arteries. • Sequences using early acquisition of the k-space centre achieve higher image quality. • Non-ECG-gated unenhanced bSSFP MRA allows quantification of significant carotid stenosis. • Short MR acquisition times and ungated sequences are helpful in clinical practice. • High 3D spatial resolution and a large field of view improve diagnostic performance.
Collapse
|
11
|
Medical image diagnostics based on computer-aided flow analysis using magnetic resonance images. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2012; 36:527-41. [PMID: 22575846 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Most of the cardiac abnormalities have an implication on hemodynamics and affect cardiovascular health. Diagnostic imaging modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide excellent anatomical information on myocardial structures, but fail to show the cardiac flow and detect heart defects in vivo condition. The computerized technique for fluid motion estimation by pixel intensity tracking based on magnetic resonance signals represents a promising technique for functional assessment of cardiovascular disease, as it can provide functional information of the heart in addition to analysis of its anatomy. Cardiovascular flow characteristics can be measured in both normal controls and patients with cardiac abnormalities such as atrial septal defect, thus, enabling identification of the underlying causes of these flow phenomena. This review paper focuses on an overview of a flow analysis scheme based on computer-aided evaluation of magnetic resonance intensity images, in comparison with other commonly used medical imaging modalities. Details of the proposed technique are provided with validations being conducted at selected abnormal cardiovascular patients. It is expected that this new technique can potentially extend applications for characterizing cardiovascular defects and their hemodynamic behavior.
Collapse
|
12
|
Goldfarb JW, McLaughlin J, Gray CA, Han J. Cyclic CINE-balanced steady-state free precession image intensity variations: Implications for the detection of myocardial edema. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 33:573-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
13
|
Zhou X, Tsaftaris SA, Liu Y, Tang R, Klein R, Zuehlsdorff S, Li D, Dharmakumar R. Artifact-reduced two-dimensional cine steady state free precession for myocardial blood- oxygen-level-dependent imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 31:863-71. [PMID: 20373430 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To minimize image artifacts in long TR cardiac phase-resolved steady state free precession (SSFP) based blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine healthy dogs (four male, five female, 20-25 kg) were studied in a clinical 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner to investigate the effect of temporal resolution, readout bandwidth, and motion compensation on long repetition time (TR) SSFP images. Breath-held 2D SSFP cine sequences with various temporal resolutions (10-204 ms), bandwidths (239-930 Hz/pixel), with and without first-order motion compensation were prescribed in the basal, mid-ventricular, and apical along the short axis. Preliminary myocardial BOLD studies in dogs with controllable coronary stenosis were performed to assess the benefits of artifact-reduction strategies. RESULTS Shortening the readout time by means of increasing readout bandwidth had no observable reduction in image artifacts. However, increasing the temporal resolution in the presence of first-order motion compensation led to significant reduction in image artifacts. Preliminary studies demonstrated that BOLD signal changes can be reliably detected throughout the cardiac cycle. CONCLUSION Artifact-reduction methods used in this study provide significant improvement in image quality compared with conventional long TR SSFP BOLD MRI. It is envisioned that the methods proposed here may enable reliable detection of myocardial oxygenation changes throughout the cardiac cycle with long TR SSFP-based myocardial BOLD MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Three-Dimensional Imaging of Pulmonary Veins by a Novel Steady-State Free-Precession Magnetic Resonance Angiography Technique Without the Use of Intravenous Contrast Agent. Invest Radiol 2009; 44:447-53. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e3181a7c6cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Saremi F, Grizzard JD, Kim RJ. Optimizing Cardiac MR Imaging: Practical Remedies for Artifacts. Radiographics 2008; 28:1161-87. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.284065718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
16
|
Morakkabati-Spitz N, Gieseke J, Willinek WA, Bastian PJ, Schmitz B, Träber F, Jaeger U, Mueller SC, Schild HH. Dynamic pelvic floor MR imaging at 3 T in patients with clinical signs of urinary incontinence-preliminary results. Eur Radiol 2008; 18:2620-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-008-1030-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 03/09/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
17
|
Maroules CD, McColl R, Khera A, Peshock RM. Interstudy reproducibility of SSFP cine magnetic resonance: Impact of magnetic field strength and parallel imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 27:1139-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.21343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
|
18
|
Bi X, Park J, Deshpande V, Simonetti O, Laub G, Li D. Reduction of flow- and eddy-currents-induced image artifacts in coronary magnetic resonance angiography using a linear centric-encoding SSFP sequence. Magn Reson Imaging 2007; 25:1138-47. [PMID: 17905246 PMCID: PMC2084053 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Revised: 12/27/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) acquired using steady-state free precession (SSFP) sequences tends to suffer from image artifacts caused by local magnetic field inhomogeneities. Flow- and gradient-switching-induced eddy currents are important sources of such phase errors, especially under off-resonant conditions. In this study, we propose to reduce these image artifacts by using a linear centric-encoding (LCE) scheme in the phase-encoding (PE) direction. Abrupt change in gradients, including magnitude and polarity between consecutive radiofrequency cycles, is minimized using the LCE scheme. Results from numeric simulations and phantom studies demonstrated that signal oscillation can be markedly reduced using LCE as compared to conventional alternating centric-encoding (ACE) scheme. The image quality of coronary arteries was improved at both 1.5 and 3.0 T using LCE compared to those acquired using ACE PE scheme (1.5 T: ACE/LCE=2.2+/-0.8/3.0+/-0.6, P=.02; 3.0 T: ACE/LCE=2.1+/-1.1/3.0+/-0.8, P=.01). In conclusion, flow- and eddy-currents-induced imaging artifacts in coronary MRA using SSFP sequence can be markedly reduced with LCE acquisition of PE lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Bi
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Orlando Simonetti
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Debiao Li
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Recent developments in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the heart have refocused attention on the potential of MR and continue to attract intense interest within the radiology and cardiology communities. Improvements in speed, image quality, reliability, and range of applications have evolved to the point where cardiac MR imaging is increasingly seen as a practical clinical tool. As is often the case with MR imaging, not all of the most powerful techniques are necessarily easy to master or understand, and many-nonspecialists and specialists alike-are challenged to stay abreast. This review covers some of the major milestones that have led to the current state of cardiac MR and attempts to put into context some concepts that, although technical, have a real impact on the diagnostic power of cardiac MR imaging. Topics discussed include functional imaging, myocardial viability and perfusion imaging, flow quantification, and coronary artery imaging. A review such as this can only scratch the surface of what is a dynamic interdisciplinary field, but the hope is that sufficient information and insight are provided to stimulate the motivated reader to take his or her interest to the next level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Paul Finn
- Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 3371, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7206, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hoffmann MHK, Schmid FT, Jeltsch M, Wunderlich A, Duerk JL, Schmitz B, Aschoff AJ. Multislice MR first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging: impact of the receiver coil array. J Magn Reson Imaging 2005; 21:310-6. [PMID: 15723378 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.20264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare a new 12-element body phased-array coil with a conventional four-element surface receiver coil array to provide increased signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for cardiac steady state free precession (SSFP) perfusion imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen consecutive patients were included in the study. Patients were examined both with a four-element surface coil array and a 12-element body coil array. First-pass myocardial perfusion imaging using saturation recovery SSFP was acquired during antecubital injection of Gd-DTPA. Imaging parameters: TR 2.8 msec/TE 1.3 msec, flip angle 50 degrees , bandwidth 960 Hz/pixel and half-Fourier acquisition. SNR was calculated using six regions of interest (ROI) for the myocardial perfusion scans. Calculations of corresponding ROIs using the two different coil setups were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Semiquantitative perfusion parameters were calculated for both groups. RESULTS The mean SNR in myocardial perfusion imaging increased by 21% using the 12-element coil setup (P < 0.001) when compared to the four-element coil. ROI comparisons revealed an increased signal inhomogeneity with the 12-element coil when compared to four-element coil experiments. Absolute normal range values of semiquantitative perfusion parameters were consistently higher using the 12-element coil setup (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The 12-element coil array provides higher SNR, but these improvements come with trade-offs in image homogeneity. Increased SNR translates into higher semiquantitative perfusion values and offers the potential for improved detection of perfusion defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin H K Hoffmann
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospitals of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Amano Y, Nozaki A, Takahama K, Kumazaki T. Reduction in flow artifacts by using interleaved data acquisition in segmented balanced steady-state free precession cardiac MRI. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2005; 29:441-5. [PMID: 15949919 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2005.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2004] [Revised: 02/17/2005] [Accepted: 02/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is feasible for cine cardiac images because of the high contrast between myocardium and blood pool and robustness to rapid blood flow. Nonetheless, the flow artifacts are often observed because of off-resonance effects and to in-flow effects of the blood flow. Although reshimming the gradients or readjusting the center frequency reduces the artifacts, the technique can be susceptible for respiratory and cardiac motion and operator-dependent. The purpose of this study is to use another MR imaging technique for the reduction in the flow artifacts in the heart: odd-even interleaved data acquisition in segmented balanced SSFP imaging. The flow artifacts in the ventricle, ghost outside the heart, and visualization of the myocardial border were visually compared between sequential and odd-even interleaved k-space data acquisitions in cine balanced SSFP cardiac MR imaging. The odd-even interleaved k-space data acquisition significantly reduced dark flow artifacts in the left ventricle, improved the visualization of the myocardial border, and was easily installed. This imaging technique should be applied to cine segmented balanced SSFP cardiac MR imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Amano
- Department of Radiology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Standard phase-contrast flow quantification (PC-FQ) using radiofrequency (RF) spoiled steady-state (SS) incoherent gradient-echo sequences have a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Unspoiled SS coherent (SSC) gradient-echo sequences have a higher intrinsic SNR and are T2/T1 weighted so that blood has a relatively large signal compared to other tissues. An SSC sequence that was modified to allow in-plane velocity encoding is presented. Velocity encoding was achieved by inverting the readout gradients. This offers the benefit that there is no resultant increase in repetition time (TR), which avoids increased sensitivity to off-resonance artifacts when conventional velocity-encoding methods using separate velocity-encoding gradients are extended to SSC sequences. The results of standard PC-FQ and the new method from in vitro experiments of constant and sinusoidal flow, and in vivo imaging of the carotid artery were compared. Vector field maps and paths obtained from particle-tracking calculations based on the velocity-encoded images were used to visualize the velocity data. The technique has the potential to increase the precision of PC-FQ measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Grinstead
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Contrast of trueFISP images depends mainly on the T2/T1 ratio. Consequently, there is a potential gain in signal intensity after administration of paramagnetic contrast medium despite the strong T2 weighting. The purpose of this study was to analyze signal intensities of abdominal organs after applying contrast medium and to determine whether this yields an improved contrast for pathologies compared with precontrast trueFISP. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients underwent an abdominal examination, including the trueFISP sequence before and after the administration of contrast medium. All images were obtained with a 1.5 T system. The mean signal-to-noise ratio before and after contrast medium was assessed for abdominal organs, vessels, muscle, and fat. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of pathologic lesions was calculated. RESULTS The trueFISP sequence yielded a higher signal-to-noise ratio after application of contrast medium for all organs except for fat and the aorta. CNR of solid lesions (angiomyolipoma, liver adenoma, liver hemangioma, hepatocellular carcinoma) increased whereas contrast of cysts decreased. CONCLUSIONS TrueFISP imaging after application of contrast medium led to better CNR for many solid lesions while cysts showed a diminished contrast. We advise trueFISP imaging sequences before and after contrast medium application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Jung
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Technology, Aachen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|