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Chae A, Yao MS, Sagreiya H, Goldberg AD, Chatterjee N, MacLean MT, Duda J, Elahi A, Borthakur A, Ritchie MD, Rader D, Kahn CE, Witschey WR, Gee JC. Strategies for Implementing Machine Learning Algorithms in the Clinical Practice of Radiology. Radiology 2024; 310:e223170. [PMID: 38259208 PMCID: PMC10831483 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.223170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in machine learning (ML) applications in health care, there have been few benefits and improvements to clinical medicine in the hospital setting. To facilitate clinical adaptation of methods in ML, this review proposes a standardized framework for the step-by-step implementation of artificial intelligence into the clinical practice of radiology that focuses on three key components: problem identification, stakeholder alignment, and pipeline integration. A review of the recent literature and empirical evidence in radiologic imaging applications justifies this approach and offers a discussion on structuring implementation efforts to help other hospital practices leverage ML to improve patient care. Clinical trial registration no. 04242667 © RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hersh Sagreiya
- From the Departments of Bioengineering (M.S.Y.), Radiology (H.S.,
N.C., M.T.M., J.D., A.B., C.E.K., W.R.W., J.C.G.), Genetics (M.D.R.), and
Medicine (D.R.), Perelman School of Medicine (A.C., M.S.Y., H.S., A.B., C.E.K.,
W.R.W., J.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd,
Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Radiology, Loyola University Medical
Center, Maywood, Ill (A.D.G.); Department of Information Services, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.); and Leonard Davis Institute of Health
Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.B.)
| | - Ari D. Goldberg
- From the Departments of Bioengineering (M.S.Y.), Radiology (H.S.,
N.C., M.T.M., J.D., A.B., C.E.K., W.R.W., J.C.G.), Genetics (M.D.R.), and
Medicine (D.R.), Perelman School of Medicine (A.C., M.S.Y., H.S., A.B., C.E.K.,
W.R.W., J.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd,
Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Radiology, Loyola University Medical
Center, Maywood, Ill (A.D.G.); Department of Information Services, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.); and Leonard Davis Institute of Health
Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.B.)
| | - Neil Chatterjee
- From the Departments of Bioengineering (M.S.Y.), Radiology (H.S.,
N.C., M.T.M., J.D., A.B., C.E.K., W.R.W., J.C.G.), Genetics (M.D.R.), and
Medicine (D.R.), Perelman School of Medicine (A.C., M.S.Y., H.S., A.B., C.E.K.,
W.R.W., J.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd,
Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Radiology, Loyola University Medical
Center, Maywood, Ill (A.D.G.); Department of Information Services, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.); and Leonard Davis Institute of Health
Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.B.)
| | - Matthew T. MacLean
- From the Departments of Bioengineering (M.S.Y.), Radiology (H.S.,
N.C., M.T.M., J.D., A.B., C.E.K., W.R.W., J.C.G.), Genetics (M.D.R.), and
Medicine (D.R.), Perelman School of Medicine (A.C., M.S.Y., H.S., A.B., C.E.K.,
W.R.W., J.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd,
Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Radiology, Loyola University Medical
Center, Maywood, Ill (A.D.G.); Department of Information Services, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.); and Leonard Davis Institute of Health
Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.B.)
| | - Jeffrey Duda
- From the Departments of Bioengineering (M.S.Y.), Radiology (H.S.,
N.C., M.T.M., J.D., A.B., C.E.K., W.R.W., J.C.G.), Genetics (M.D.R.), and
Medicine (D.R.), Perelman School of Medicine (A.C., M.S.Y., H.S., A.B., C.E.K.,
W.R.W., J.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd,
Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Radiology, Loyola University Medical
Center, Maywood, Ill (A.D.G.); Department of Information Services, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.); and Leonard Davis Institute of Health
Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.B.)
| | - Ameena Elahi
- From the Departments of Bioengineering (M.S.Y.), Radiology (H.S.,
N.C., M.T.M., J.D., A.B., C.E.K., W.R.W., J.C.G.), Genetics (M.D.R.), and
Medicine (D.R.), Perelman School of Medicine (A.C., M.S.Y., H.S., A.B., C.E.K.,
W.R.W., J.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd,
Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Radiology, Loyola University Medical
Center, Maywood, Ill (A.D.G.); Department of Information Services, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.); and Leonard Davis Institute of Health
Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.B.)
| | - Arijitt Borthakur
- From the Departments of Bioengineering (M.S.Y.), Radiology (H.S.,
N.C., M.T.M., J.D., A.B., C.E.K., W.R.W., J.C.G.), Genetics (M.D.R.), and
Medicine (D.R.), Perelman School of Medicine (A.C., M.S.Y., H.S., A.B., C.E.K.,
W.R.W., J.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd,
Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Radiology, Loyola University Medical
Center, Maywood, Ill (A.D.G.); Department of Information Services, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.); and Leonard Davis Institute of Health
Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.B.)
| | - Marylyn D. Ritchie
- From the Departments of Bioengineering (M.S.Y.), Radiology (H.S.,
N.C., M.T.M., J.D., A.B., C.E.K., W.R.W., J.C.G.), Genetics (M.D.R.), and
Medicine (D.R.), Perelman School of Medicine (A.C., M.S.Y., H.S., A.B., C.E.K.,
W.R.W., J.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd,
Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Radiology, Loyola University Medical
Center, Maywood, Ill (A.D.G.); Department of Information Services, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.); and Leonard Davis Institute of Health
Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.B.)
| | - Daniel Rader
- From the Departments of Bioengineering (M.S.Y.), Radiology (H.S.,
N.C., M.T.M., J.D., A.B., C.E.K., W.R.W., J.C.G.), Genetics (M.D.R.), and
Medicine (D.R.), Perelman School of Medicine (A.C., M.S.Y., H.S., A.B., C.E.K.,
W.R.W., J.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd,
Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Radiology, Loyola University Medical
Center, Maywood, Ill (A.D.G.); Department of Information Services, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.); and Leonard Davis Institute of Health
Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.B.)
| | - Charles E. Kahn
- From the Departments of Bioengineering (M.S.Y.), Radiology (H.S.,
N.C., M.T.M., J.D., A.B., C.E.K., W.R.W., J.C.G.), Genetics (M.D.R.), and
Medicine (D.R.), Perelman School of Medicine (A.C., M.S.Y., H.S., A.B., C.E.K.,
W.R.W., J.C.G.), University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd,
Philadelphia, PA 19104; Department of Radiology, Loyola University Medical
Center, Maywood, Ill (A.D.G.); Department of Information Services, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.E.); and Leonard Davis Institute of Health
Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa (A.B.)
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