1
|
King DE. The Inclusion of Sex and Gender Beyond the Binary in Toxicology. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:929219. [PMID: 35936387 PMCID: PMC9355551 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.929219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dillon E. King
- Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States,Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States,*Correspondence: Dillon E. King,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De Souza L, Barros WDM, De Souza RM, Delanogare E, Machado AE, Braga SP, Rosa GK, Nardi GM, Rafacho A, Speretta GFF, Moreira ELG. Impact of different fructose concentrations on metabolic and behavioral parameters of male and female mice. Physiol Behav 2020; 228:113187. [PMID: 32987042 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence has shown that a high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages is a risk factor for developing obesity and metabolic syndrome. There has also been increasing interest in the potential effects of high-fructose intake on behavior. The present study evaluated sex differences in behavioral and metabolic characteristics in response to chronic fructose intake in mice. Swiss mice (3-months-old) had access to tap water or fructose-water solution (at 15% or 30% w/v) ad libitum for nine weeks. After the 8 weeks, the mice were submitted to a battery of behavioral tests. A glucose tolerance test was performed one day after these behavioral tests, and the next day blood was collected for biochemical analysis. At a 15% concentration, fructose-intaking resulted in higher plasma cholesterol levels and glucose intolerance in mice that paralleled with a passive stress-coping behavior in the female mice and lower self-care behavior in the male and the female mice. At a 30% concentration, fructose-intaking resulted in higher body mass gain and higher plasma cholesterol and triglycerides levels in the male and the female mice, whereas glucose intolerance was more pronounced in the male mice. Spatial memory impairments and lower self-care behavior were observed in the male and the female mice, while passive stress-coping behavior was observed only in the female mice. Collectively, high-fructose intake induces metabolic and behavioral alterations in mice, with the males being more susceptible to glucose metabolism dysfunctions and the females to depressive-like endophenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Letícia De Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Wellinghton de Medeiros Barros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Raul Marin De Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Eslen Delanogare
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Adriano Emanuel Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Sara Pereira Braga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Giovana Karoline Rosa
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Geisson Marcos Nardi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Alex Rafacho
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Fleury Fina Speretta
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
| | - Eduardo Luiz Gasnhar Moreira
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim SY, Lee S, Lee E, Lim H, Shin JY, Jung J, Kim SG, Moon A. Sex-biased differences in the correlation between epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-associated genes in cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6852-6868. [PMID: 31807189 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a wide disparity in the incidence, malignancy and mortality of different types of cancer between each sex. The sex-specificity of cancer seems to be dependent on the type of cancer. Cancer incidence and mortality have been demonstrated as sex-specific in a number of different types of cancer, such as liver cancer, whereas sex-specificity is not noticeable in certain other types of cancer, including colon and lung cancer. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular basis for sex-biased gene expression in cancer. The mRNA expression of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-associated genes was investigated, including E-cadherin (also termed CDH1), vimentin (VIM), discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in female- and male-derived cancer cell lines by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and the Broad-Novartis Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database analysis. A negative correlation was observed between DDR1 and ZEB1 only in the female-derived cancer cell lines via RT-PCR analysis. A negative correlation between DDR1 index (defined by the logarithmic value of DDR1 divided by ZEB1, based on the mRNA data from the RT-PCR analysis) and an invasive phenotype was observed in cancer cell lines in a sex-specific manner. Analysis of the CCLE database demonstrated that DDR1 and ZEB1, which are already known to be sex-biased, were negatively correlated in female-derived liver cancer cell lines, but not in male-derived liver cancer cell lines. In contrast, cell lines of colon and lung cancer did not reveal any sex-dependent difference in the correlation between DDR1 and ZEB1. Kaplan-Meier survival curves using the transcriptomic datasets such as Gene Expression Omnibus, European Genome-phenome Archiva and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases suggested a sex-biased difference in the correlation between DDR1 expression pattern and overall survival in patients with liver cancer. The results of the present study indicate that sex factors may affect the regulation of gene expression, contributing to the sex-biased progression of the different types of cancer, particularly liver cancer. Overall, these findings suggest that analyses of the correlation between DDR1 and ZEB1 may prove useful when investigating sex-biased cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungeun Lee
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Lee
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesol Lim
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Shin
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Jung
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lim H, Kim SY, Lee E, Lee S, Oh S, Jung J, Kim KS, Moon A. Sex-Dependent Adverse Drug Reactions to 5-Fluorouracil in Colorectal Cancer. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:594-600. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyesol Lim
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Duksung Women’s University
| | - Eunhye Lee
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University
| | - Seungeun Lee
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University
| | - Sungryong Oh
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University
| | - Joohee Jung
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University
| | - Kwi Suk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University Hospital
| | - Aree Moon
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Richard JE, López-Ferreras L, Anderberg RH, Olandersson K, Skibicka KP. Estradiol is a critical regulator of food-reward behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 78:193-202. [PMID: 28214679 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Food intake is reduced by estrogenic hormones, levels of which vary throughout life and fluctuate throughout the ovarian cycle in females. However, estrogens have also been shown to increase reward derived from drugs of abuse, where motivational properties of drugs and progression to addiction are potentiated by estrogens. Whether reward derived from food, and specifically motivational properties of food, are altered by estrogens remains unknown. Here we investigated the effect of the estrous cycle on food reward behavior and show estrous cycle dictated variability in food motivation, measured by progressive ratio operant conditioning, in female rats. Reward behavior was lowest on days associated with high estrogen signaling. We therefore also examined the actions of subcutaneously administered β-estradiol on food reward and found that β-estradiol reduced food reward behavior. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a crucial node of the neurocircuitry underlying motivated behavior and estrogen receptors are expressed in this nucleus. Thus, we examined whether the effects of estrogens on reward were exerted directly at the level of the VTA. Intra-VTA microinjection of β-estradiol led to a significant reduction in food-motivated behavior. Interestingly, this effect was not accompanied by a reduction in chow intake or body weight, nor did it alter locomotor activity. Importantly, removal of the ovaries produced a potent and lasting elevation in food reward and food-seeking behavior, suggesting that ovarian sex steroids are critical for maintenance of normal food reward behavior. These data reveal a novel role for estrogens in the control of food reward behavior..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Richard
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rozita H Anderberg
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Olandersson
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karolina P Skibicka
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Simard L, Côté N, Dagenais F, Mathieu P, Couture C, Trahan S, Bossé Y, Mohammadi S, Pagé S, Joubert P, Clavel MA. Sex-Related Discordance Between Aortic Valve Calcification and Hemodynamic Severity of Aortic Stenosis: Is Valvular Fibrosis the Explanation? Circ Res 2016; 120:681-691. [PMID: 27879282 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Calcific aortic stenosis (AS) is characterized by calcium deposition in valve leaflets. However, women present lower aortic valve calcification loads than men for the same AS hemodynamic severity. OBJECTIVE We, thus, aimed to assess sex differences in aortic valve fibrocalcific remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and twenty-five patients underwent Doppler echocardiography and multidetector computed tomography within 3 months before aortic valve replacement. Explanted stenotic tricuspid aortic valves were weighed, and fibrosis degree was determined. Sixty-four men and 39 women were frequency matched for age, body mass index, hypertension, renal disease, diabetes mellitus, and AS severity. Mean age (75±9 years), mean gradient (41±18 mm Hg), and indexed aortic valve area (0.41±0.12 cm2/m2) were similar between men and women (all P≥0.18). Median aortic valve calcification (1973 [1124-3490] Agatston units) and mean valve weight (2.36±0.99 g) were lower in women compared with men (both P<0.0001). Aortic valve calcification density correlated better with valve weight in men (r2=0.57; P<0.0001) than in women (r2=0.26; P=0.0008). After adjustment for age, body mass index, aortic valve calcification density, and aortic annulus diameter, female sex was an independent risk factor for higher fibrosis score in AS valves (P=0.003). Picrosirius red staining of explanted valves showed greater amount of collagen fibers (P=0.01), and Masson trichrome staining revealed a greater proportion of dense connective tissue (P=0.02) in women compared with men. CONCLUSIONS In this series of patients with tricuspid aortic valve and similar AS severity, women have less valvular calcification but more fibrosis compared with men. These findings suggest that the pathophysiology of AS and thus potential targets for drug development may be different according to sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Simard
- From the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nancy Côté
- From the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - François Dagenais
- From the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- From the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Couture
- From the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Trahan
- From the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- From the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Siamak Mohammadi
- From the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Pagé
- From the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Joubert
- From the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Annick Clavel
- From the Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The need for increased sex and gender-based analysis/subanalysis in nursing and medical research. CLIN NURSE SPEC 2016; 28:258-60. [PMID: 25111402 DOI: 10.1097/nur.0000000000000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
8
|
Richard JE, Anderberg RH, López-Ferreras L, Olandersson K, Skibicka KP. Sex and estrogens alter the action of glucagon-like peptide-1 on reward. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:6. [PMID: 26779332 PMCID: PMC4715328 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Feeding behavior is regulated through an intricate array of anorexic and orexigenic hormones acting on the central nervous system (CNS). Some of these hormones may have differential effects in males and females, effects potentially attributed to actions of gonadal steroids, especially estrogens. Central stimulation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors reduces feeding and food-reward behavior by acting on CNS regions important for the anorexic actions of estrogens. Thus, we propose that the action of GLP-1 on food intake and reward may differ between sexes. Methods Male and female rats were centrally injected with the GLP-1 analog exendin-4 (Ex4) in a non-deprived or food-restricted state; reward behavior was measured in a progressive ratio operant conditioning task. Intake of chow and palatable food were also measured. To determine if sex differences in the actions of Ex4 are due to interactions with estrogens, Ex4 treatment was preceded by treatment with a nonselective estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and ERβ or ERα-selective antagonist. Results Central injection of Ex4 revealed increased reward behavior suppression in females, compared to males, in the operant conditioning task. This increase was present in both non-deprived and food-restricted animals with larger differences in the fed state. Intake of chow and palatable food, after Ex4, were similar in males and females. Food reward, but not food intake, effect of Ex4 was attenuated by pretreatment with ER antagonist in both sexes, suggesting that estrogens may modulate effects of Ex4 in both sexes. Furthermore, central pretreatment with ERα-selective antagonist was sufficient to attenuate effects of Ex4 on reward. Conclusions Collectively, these data reveal that females display much higher sensitivity to the food reward impact of central GLP-1 receptor activation. Surprisingly, they also demonstrate that central ERα signaling is necessary for the actions of GLP-1 on food-reward behavior in both sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Richard
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, PO Box 434, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rozita H Anderberg
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, PO Box 434, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lorena López-Ferreras
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, PO Box 434, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Olandersson
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, PO Box 434, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karolina P Skibicka
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, PO Box 434, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lopes RAM, Neves KB, Pestana CR, Queiroz AL, Zanotto CZ, Chignalia AZ, Valim YM, Silveira LR, Curti C, Tostes RC. Testosterone induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells via extrinsic apoptotic pathway with mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species involvement. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1485-94. [PMID: 24658017 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00809.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone exerts both beneficial and harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. Considering that testosterone induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ROS activate cell death signaling pathways, we tested the hypothesis that testosterone induces apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via mitochondria-dependent ROS generation. Potential mechanisms were addressed. Cultured VSMCs were stimulated with testosterone (10(-7) mol/l) or vehicle (2-12 h) in the presence of flutamide (10(-5) mol/l), CCCP (10(-6) mol/l), mimetic manganese(III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (MnTMPyP; 3 × 10(-5) mol/l), Z-Ile-Glu(O-ME)-Thr-Asp(O-Me) fluoromethyl ketone (Z-IETD-FMK; 10(-5) mol/l), or vehicle. ROS were determined with lucigenin and dichlorodihydrofluorescein; apoptosis, with annexin V and calcein; O2 consumption, with a Clark-type electrode, and procaspases, caspases, cytochrome c, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels by immunoblotting. Testosterone induced ROS generation (relative light units/mg protein, 2 h; 162.6 ± 16 vs. 100) and procaspase-3 activation [arbitrary units, (AU), 6 h; 166.2 ± 19 vs. 100]. CCCP, MnTMPyP, and flutamide abolished these effects. Testosterone increased annexin-V fluorescence (AU, 197.6 ± 21.5 vs. 100) and decreased calcein fluorescence (AU, 34.4 ± 6.4 vs. 100), and O2 consumption (nmol O2/min, 18.6 ± 2.0 vs. 34.4 ± 3.9). Testosterone also reduced Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio but not cytochrome-c release from mitochondria. Moreover, testosterone (6 h) induced cleavage of procaspase 8 (AU, 161.1 ± 13.5 vs. 100) and increased gene expression of Fas ligand (2(ΔΔCt), 3.6 ± 1.2 vs. 0.7 ± 0.5), and TNF-α (1.7 ± 0.4 vs. 0.3 ± 0.1). CCCP, MnTMPyP, and flutamide abolished these effects. These data indicate that testosterone induces apoptosis in VSMCs via the extrinsic apoptotic pathway with the involvement of androgen receptor activation and mitochondria-generated ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karla Bianca Neves
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; and
| | - Cezar Rangel Pestana
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; and
| | - André Lima Queiroz
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Andréia Z Chignalia
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Valim
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; and
| | - Leonardo R Silveira
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sports of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlos Curti
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; and
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shah K, McCormack CE, Bradbury NA. Do you know the sex of your cells? Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 306:C3-18. [PMID: 24196532 PMCID: PMC3919971 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00281.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Do you know the sex of your cells? Not a question that is frequently heard around the lab bench, yet thanks to recent research is probably one that should be asked. It is self-evident that cervical epithelial cells would be derived from female tissue and prostate cells from a male subject (exemplified by HeLa and LnCaP, respectively), yet beyond these obvious examples, it would be true to say that the sex of cell lines derived from non-reproductive tissue, such as lung, intestine, kidney, for example, is given minimal if any thought. After all, what possible impact could the presence of a Y chromosome have on the biochemistry and cell biology of tissues such as the exocrine pancreatic acini? Intriguingly, recent evidence has suggested that far from being irrelevant, genes expressed on the sex chromosomes can have a marked impact on the biology of such diverse tissues as neurons and renal cells. It is also policy of AJP-Cell Physiology that the source of all cells utilized (species, sex, etc.) should be clearly indicated when submitting an article for publication, an instruction that is rarely followed (http://www.the-aps.org/mm/Publications/Info-For-Authors/Composition). In this review we discuss recent data arguing that the sex of cells being used in experiments can impact the cell's biology, and we provide a table outlining the sex of cell lines that have appeared in AJP-Cell Physiology over the past decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalpit Shah
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | |
Collapse
|