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Le Pennec J, Makshakova O, Nevola P, Fouladkar F, Gout E, Machillot P, Friedel-Arboleas M, Picart C, Perez S, Vortkamp A, Vivès RR, Migliorini E. Glycosaminoglycans exhibit distinct interactions and signaling with BMP2 according to their nature and localization. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 341:122294. [PMID: 38876708 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in modulating bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling represents a recent and underexplored area. Conflicting reports suggest a dual effect: some indicate a positive influence, while others demonstrate a negative impact. This duality suggests that the localization of GAGs (either at the cell surface or within the extracellular matrix) or the specific type of GAG may dictate their signaling role. The precise sulfation patterns of heparan sulfate (HS) responsible for BMP2 binding remain elusive. BMP2 exhibits a preference for binding to HS over other GAGs. Using well-characterized biomaterials mimicking the extracellular matrix, our research reveals that HS promotes BMP2 signaling in the extracellular space, contrary to chondroitin sulfate (CS), which enhances BMP2 bioactivity at the cell surface. Further observations indicate that a central IdoA (2S)-GlcNS (6S) tri-sulfated motif within HS hexasaccharides enhances binding. Nevertheless, BMP2 exhibits a degree of adaptability to various HS sulfation types and sequences. Molecular dynamic simulations attribute this adaptability to the BMP2 N-terminal end flexibility. Our findings illustrate the complex interplay between GAGs and BMP signaling, highlighting the importance of localization and specific sulfation patterns. This understanding has implications for the development of biomaterials with tailored properties for therapeutic applications targeting BMP signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Le Pennec
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, U1292 Biosanté, EMR 5000, Grenoble, France
| | - Olga Makshakova
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Synthetic Biology of Signalling Processes Lab, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paola Nevola
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, U1292 Biosanté, EMR 5000, Grenoble, France; Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Farah Fouladkar
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, U1292 Biosanté, EMR 5000, Grenoble, France
| | - Evelyne Gout
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Paul Machillot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, U1292 Biosanté, EMR 5000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Catherine Picart
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, U1292 Biosanté, EMR 5000, Grenoble, France
| | - Serge Perez
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales, Grenoble, France
| | - Andrea Vortkamp
- Developmental Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Elisa Migliorini
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, CNRS, U1292 Biosanté, EMR 5000, Grenoble, France.
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2
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Deng JQ, Li Y, Wang YJ, Cao YL, Xin SY, Li XY, Xi RM, Wang FS, Sheng JZ. Biosynthetic production of anticoagulant heparin polysaccharides through metabolic and sulfotransferases engineering strategies. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3755. [PMID: 38704385 PMCID: PMC11069525 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Heparin is an important anticoagulant drug, and microbial heparin biosynthesis is a potential alternative to animal-derived heparin production. However, effectively using heparin synthesis enzymes faces challenges, especially with microbial recombinant expression of active heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase. Here, we introduce the monosaccharide N-trifluoroacetylglucosamine into Escherichia coli K5 to facilitate sulfation modification. The Protein Repair One-Stop Service-Focused Rational Iterative Site-specific Mutagenesis (PROSS-FRISM) platform is used to enhance sulfotransferase efficiency, resulting in the engineered NST-M8 enzyme with significantly improved stability (11.32-fold) and activity (2.53-fold) compared to the wild-type N-sulfotransferase. This approach can be applied to engineering various sulfotransferases. The multienzyme cascade reaction enables the production of active heparin from bioengineered heparosan, demonstrating anti-FXa (246.09 IU/mg) and anti-FIIa (48.62 IU/mg) activities. This study offers insights into overcoming challenges in heparin synthesis and modification, paving the way for the future development of animal-free heparins using a cellular system-based semisynthetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qun Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu-Jia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ya-Lin Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Si-Yu Xin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui-Min Xi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng-Shan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ju-Zheng Sheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Miguez PA, Bash E, Musskopf ML, Tuin SA, Rivera-Concepcion A, Chapple ILC, Liu J. Control of tissue homeostasis by the extracellular matrix: Synthetic heparan sulfate as a promising therapeutic for periodontal health and bone regeneration. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:510-531. [PMID: 37614159 PMCID: PMC10891305 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans are core proteins associated with carbohydrate/sugar moieties that are highly variable in disaccharide composition, which dictates their function. These carbohydrates are named glycosaminoglycans, and they can be attached to proteoglycans or found free in tissues or on cell surfaces. Glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and heparin/heparan sulfate have multiple functions including involvement in inflammation, immunity and connective tissue structure, and integrity. Heparan sulfate is a highly sulfated polysaccharide that is abundant in the periodontium including alveolar bone. Recent evidence supports the contention that heparan sulfate is an important player in modulating interactions between damage associated molecular patterns and inflammatory receptors expressed by various cell types. The structure of heparan sulfate is reported to dictate its function, thus, the utilization of a homogenous and structurally defined heparan sulfate polysaccharide for modulation of cell function offers therapeutic potential. Recently, a chemoenzymatic approach was developed to allow production of many structurally defined heparan sulfate carbohydrates. These oligosaccharides have been studied in various pathological inflammatory conditions to better understand their function and their potential application in promoting tissue homeostasis. We have observed that specific size and sulfation patterns can modulate inflammation and promote tissue maintenance including an anabolic effect in alveolar bone. Thus, new evidence provides a strong impetus to explore heparan sulfate as a potential novel therapeutic agent to treat periodontitis, support alveolar bone maintenance, and promote bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- PA Miguez
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health - Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - E Bash
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health - Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - ML Musskopf
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health - Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - SA Tuin
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Rivera-Concepcion
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - ILC Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham’s NIHR BRC in Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham and Birmingham Community Health Foundation Trust, Birmingham UK Iain Chapple
| | - J Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Xie C, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV. Global impact of proteoglycan science on human diseases. iScience 2023; 26:108095. [PMID: 37867945 PMCID: PMC10589900 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this comprehensive review, we will dissect the impact of research on proteoglycans focusing on recent developments involved in their synthesis, degradation, and interactions, while critically assessing their usefulness in various biological processes. The emerging roles of proteoglycans in global infections, specifically the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and their rising functions in regenerative medicine and biomaterial science have significantly affected our current view of proteoglycans and related compounds. The roles of proteoglycans in cancer biology and their potential use as a next-generation protein-based adjuvant therapy to combat cancer is also emerging as a constructive and potentially beneficial therapeutic strategy. We will discuss the role of proteoglycans in selected and emerging areas of proteoglycan science, such as neurodegenerative diseases, autophagy, angiogenesis, cancer, infections and their impact on mammalian diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Wang Z, Patel VN, Song X, Xu Y, Kaminski AM, Doan VU, Su G, Liao Y, Mah D, Zhang F, Pagadala V, Wang C, Pedersen LC, Wang L, Hoffman MP, Gearing M, Liu J. Increased 3- O-sulfated heparan sulfate in Alzheimer's disease brain is associated with genetic risk gene HS3ST1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf6232. [PMID: 37235665 PMCID: PMC10219595 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf6232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
HS3ST1 is a genetic risk gene associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and overexpressed in patients, but how it contributes to the disease progression is unknown. We report the analysis of brain heparan sulfate (HS) from AD and other tauopathies using a LC-MS/MS method. A specific 3-O-sulfated HS displayed sevenfold increase in the AD group (n = 14, P < 0.0005). Analysis of the HS modified by recombinant sulfotransferases and HS from genetic knockout mice revealed that the specific 3-O-sulfated HS is made by 3-O-sulfotransferase isoform 1 (3-OST-1), which is encoded by the HS3ST1 gene. A synthetic tetradecasaccharide (14-mer) carrying the specific 3-O-sulfated domain displayed stronger inhibition for tau internalization than a 14-mer without the domain, suggesting that the 3-O-sulfated HS is used in tau cellular uptake. Our findings suggest that the overexpression of HS3ST1 gene may enhance the spread of tau pathology, uncovering a previously unidentified therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjie Wang
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vaishali N. Patel
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuehong Song
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer’s Center and Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrea M. Kaminski
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Vivien Uyen Doan
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Guowei Su
- Glycan Therapeutics Corp., 617 Hutton Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Yien Liao
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dylan Mah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | | | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Lars C. Pedersen
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Byrd Alzheimer’s Center and Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Matthew P. Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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HS, an Ancient Molecular Recognition and Information Storage Glycosaminoglycan, Equips HS-Proteoglycans with Diverse Matrix and Cell-Interactive Properties Operative in Tissue Development and Tissue Function in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021148. [PMID: 36674659 PMCID: PMC9867265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate is a ubiquitous, variably sulfated interactive glycosaminoglycan that consists of repeating disaccharides of glucuronic acid and glucosamine that are subject to a number of modifications (acetylation, de-acetylation, epimerization, sulfation). Variable heparan sulfate chain lengths and sequences within the heparan sulfate chains provide structural diversity generating interactive oligosaccharide binding motifs with a diverse range of extracellular ligands and cellular receptors providing instructional cues over cellular behaviour and tissue homeostasis through the regulation of essential physiological processes in development, health, and disease. heparan sulfate and heparan sulfate-PGs are integral components of the specialized glycocalyx surrounding cells. Heparan sulfate is the most heterogeneous glycosaminoglycan, in terms of its sequence and biosynthetic modifications making it a difficult molecule to fully characterize, multiple ligands also make an elucidation of heparan sulfate functional properties complicated. Spatio-temporal presentation of heparan sulfate sulfate groups is an important functional determinant in tissue development and in cellular control of wound healing and extracellular remodelling in pathological tissues. The regulatory properties of heparan sulfate are mediated via interactions with chemokines, chemokine receptors, growth factors and morphogens in cell proliferation, differentiation, development, tissue remodelling, wound healing, immune regulation, inflammation, and tumour development. A greater understanding of these HS interactive processes will improve therapeutic procedures and prognoses. Advances in glycosaminoglycan synthesis and sequencing, computational analytical carbohydrate algorithms and advanced software for the evaluation of molecular docking of heparan sulfate with its molecular partners are now available. These advanced analytic techniques and artificial intelligence offer predictive capability in the elucidation of heparan sulfate conformational effects on heparan sulfate-ligand interactions significantly aiding heparan sulfate therapeutics development.
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Importance of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Pancreatic Islets and β-Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012082. [PMID: 36292936 PMCID: PMC9603760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
β-cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas secrete insulin in response to the glucose concentration in the blood. When these pancreatic β-cells are damaged, diabetes develops through glucose intolerance caused by insufficient insulin secretion. High molecular weight polysaccharides, such as heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans, and HS-degrading enzymes, such as heparinase, participate in the protection, maintenance, and enhancement of the functions of pancreatic islets and β-cells, and the demand for studies on glycobiology within the field of diabetes research has increased. This review introduces the roles of complex glycoconjugates containing high molecular weight polysaccharides and their degrading enzymes in pancreatic islets and β-cells, including those obtained in studies conducted by us earlier. In addition, from the perspective of glycobiology, this study proposes the possibility of application to diabetes medicine.
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Holmes SG, Nagarajan B, Desai UR. 3- O-Sulfation induces sequence-specific compact topologies in heparan sulfate that encode a dynamic sulfation code. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3884-3898. [PMID: 35891779 PMCID: PMC9309406 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is arguably the most diverse linear biopolymer that is known to modulate hundreds of proteins. Whereas the configurational and conformational diversity of HS is well established in terms of varying sulfation patterns and iduronic acid (IdoA) puckers, a linear helical topology resembling a cylindrical rod is the only topology thought to be occupied by the biopolymer. We reasoned that 3-O-sulfation, a rare modification in natural HS, may induce novel topologies that contribute to selective recognition of proteins. In this work, we studied a library of 24 distinct HS hexasaccharides using molecular dynamics (MD). We discovered novel compact (C) topologies that are populated significantly by a unique group of 3-O-sulfated sequences containing IdoA residues. 3-O-sulfated sequences containing glucuronic acid (GlcA) residue and sequences devoid of 3-O-sulfate groups did not exhibit high levels of the C topology and primarily exhibited only the canonical linear (L) form. The C topology arises under dynamical conditions due to rotation around an IdoA → GlcN glycosidic linkage, especially in psi (Ψ) torsion. At an atomistic level, the L → C transformation is a multi-factorial phenomenon engineered to reduce like-charge repulsion, release one or more HS-bound water molecules, and organize a bi-dentate "IdoA-cation-IdoA" interaction. These forces also drive an L → C transformation in a 3-O-sulfated octasaccharide, which has shown evidence of the unique C topology in the co-crystallized state. The 3-O-sulfate-based generation of unique, sequence-specific, compact topologies indicate that natural HS encodes a dynamic sulfation code that could be exploited for selective recognition of target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel G. Holmes
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Balaji Nagarajan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Umesh R. Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
- Corresponding author at: Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery, and Development, 800 E. Leigh Street, Suite 212, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
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