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Park JS, Gabel AM, Kassir P, Kang L, Chowdhary PK, Osei-Ntansah A, Tran ND, Viswanathan S, Canales B, Ding P, Lee YS, Brewster R. N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (ndrg1) functions as a molecular switch for cellular adaptation to hypoxia. eLife 2022; 11:e74031. [PMID: 36214665 PMCID: PMC9550225 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of oxygen (hypoxia and anoxia) is detrimental to cell function and survival and underlies many disease conditions. Hence, metazoans have evolved mechanisms to adapt to low oxygen. One such mechanism, metabolic suppression, decreases the cellular demand for oxygen by downregulating ATP-demanding processes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this adaptation are poorly understood. Here, we report on the role of ndrg1a in hypoxia adaptation of the anoxia-tolerant zebrafish embryo. ndrg1a is expressed in the kidney and ionocytes, cell types that use large amounts of ATP to maintain ion homeostasis. ndrg1a mutants are viable and develop normally when raised under normal oxygen. However, their survival and kidney function is reduced relative to WT embryos following exposure to prolonged anoxia. We further demonstrate that Ndrg1a binds to the energy-demanding sodium-potassium ATPase (NKA) pump under anoxia and is required for its degradation, which may preserve ATP in the kidney and ionocytes and contribute to energy homeostasis. Lastly, we show that sodium azide treatment, which increases lactate levels under normoxia, is sufficient to trigger NKA degradation in an Ndrg1a-dependent manner. These findings support a model whereby Ndrg1a is essential for hypoxia adaptation and functions downstream of lactate signaling to induce NKA degradation, a process known to conserve cellular energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong S Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Austin M Gabel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Polina Kassir
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Lois Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Prableen K Chowdhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Afia Osei-Ntansah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Neil D Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Soujanya Viswanathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Bryanna Canales
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Pengfei Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Rachel Brewster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreUnited States
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2
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Bal A, Panda F, Pati SG, Das K, Agrawal PK, Paital B. Modulation of physiological oxidative stress and antioxidant status by abiotic factors especially salinity in aquatic organisms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 241:108971. [PMID: 33421636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a variety of environmental factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen and salinity may influence the oxidative status in aquatic organisms. The present review article focuses on the modulation of oxidative stress with reference to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aquatic animals from different phyla. The focus of the review article is to explore the plausible mechanisms of physiological changes occurring in aquatic animals due to altered salinity in terms of oxidative stress. Apart from the seasonal variations in salinity, global warming and anthropogenic activities have also been found to influence oxidative health status of aquatic organisms. These effects are discussed with an objective to develop precautionary measures to protect the diversity of aquatic species with sustainable conservation. Comparative analyses among different aquatic species suggest that salinity alone or in combination with other abiotic factors are intricately associated with modulation in oxidative stress in a species-specific manner in aquatic animals. Osmoregulation under salinity stress in relation to energy demand and supply are also discussed. The literature survey of >50 years (1960-2020) indicates that oxidative stress status and comparative analysis of redox modulation have evolved from the analysis of various biotic and/or abiotic factors to the study of cellular signalling pathways in these aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhipsa Bal
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Falguni Panda
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Samar Gourav Pati
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Kajari Das
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Agrawal
- Main Building, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar-751003, India.
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3
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Andrews DGH. A new method for measuring the size of nematodes using image processing. Biol Methods Protoc 2020; 5:bpz020. [PMID: 32161812 PMCID: PMC6994075 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been made on nematodes, especially Caenorhabditis Elegans, which are used as a model organism. In many studies, the size of the nematode is important. This article describes a method of measuring the length, volume and surface area of nematodes from photographs. The method uses the imaging software ImageJ, which is in the public domain. Two macros are described. The first converts the images into binary form, and the second uses several built-in functions to measure the length of the worm and its diameter along its length. If it is assumed that the worm has a circular cross-section, then the volume and surface area of the nematode can be calculated. This is a cheap and easy technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G H Andrews
- School of Engineering, Technology and Design, Canterbury Christ Church University, North Holmes Road, Canterbury CT1 1QU, UK
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4
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Cherkas A, Holota S, Mdzinarashvili T, Gabbianelli R, Zarkovic N. Glucose as a Major Antioxidant: When, What for and Why It Fails? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020140. [PMID: 32033390 PMCID: PMC7070274 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A human organism depends on stable glucose blood levels in order to maintain its metabolic needs. Glucose is considered to be the most important energy source, and glycolysis is postulated as a backbone pathway. However, when the glucose supply is limited, ketone bodies and amino acids can be used to produce enough ATP. In contrast, for the functioning of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) glucose is essential and cannot be substituted by other metabolites. The PPP generates and maintains the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) needed for the reduction in oxidized glutathione and protein thiols, the synthesis of lipids and DNA as well as for xenobiotic detoxification, regulatory redox signaling and counteracting infections. The flux of glucose into a PPP—particularly under extreme oxidative and toxic challenges—is critical for survival, whereas the glycolytic pathway is primarily activated when glucose is abundant, and there is lack of NADP+ that is required for the activation of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. An important role of glycogen stores in resistance to oxidative challenges is discussed. Current evidences explain the disruptive metabolic effects and detrimental health consequences of chronic nutritional carbohydrate overload, and provide new insights into the positive metabolic effects of intermittent fasting, caloric restriction, exercise, and ketogenic diet through modulation of redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Cherkas
- Department of Internal Medicine # 1, Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
- Correspondence:
| | - Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacy, Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, 43025 Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - Tamaz Mdzinarashvili
- Institute of Medical and Applied Biophysics, I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 0128 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Laboratory for Oxidative Stress (LabOS), Institute “Rudjer Boskovic”, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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5
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Cherkas A, Mondol AS, Rüger J, Urban N, Popp J, Klotz LO, Schie IW. Label-free molecular mapping and assessment of glycogen in C. elegans. Analyst 2019; 144:2367-2374. [PMID: 30793720 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02351d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is an animal model frequently used in research on the effects of metabolism on organismal aging. This comes with a requirement for methods to investigate metabolite content, turnover, and distribution. The aim of our study was to assess the use of a label-free approach to determine both content and distribution of glycogen, the storage form of glucose, in C. elegans. To this end, we grew C. elegans worms under three different dietary conditions for 24-48 h, representing starvation, regular diet and a high glucose diet, followed by analysis of glycogen content. Glycogen analysis was performed on fixed individual whole worms using Raman micro-spectroscopy (RMS). Results were confirmed by comparison with two conventional assays, i.e. iodine staining of worms and enzymatic determination of glycogen. RMS was further used to assess overall lipid and protein content and distribution in the same samples used for glycogen analysis. Expectedly, both glycogen and lipid content were highest in worms grown on a high glucose diet, lower in regularly fed, and lowest in starved nematodes. In summary, RMS is a method suitable for analysis of glycogen content in C. elegans that has the advantage over established methods that (i) individual worms (rather than hundreds per sample) can be analyzed, (ii) glycogen distribution can be assessed at subcellular resolution and (iii) the distribution patterns of other macromolecules can be assessed from the same worms. Thus, RMS has the potential to be used as a sensitive, accurate, cost-effective and high throughput method to evaluate glycogen stores in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Cherkas
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nutrigenomics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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6
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Rivera-Ingraham GA, Lignot JH. Osmoregulation, bioenergetics and oxidative stress in coastal marine invertebrates: raising the questions for future research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 220:1749-1760. [PMID: 28515169 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.135624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Osmoregulation is by no means an energetically cheap process, and its costs have been extensively quantified in terms of respiration and aerobic metabolism. Common products of mitochondrial activity are reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which may cause oxidative stress by degrading key cell components, while playing essential roles in cell homeostasis. Given the delicate equilibrium between pro- and antioxidants in fueling acclimation responses, the need for a thorough understanding of the relationship between salinity-induced oxidative stress and osmoregulation arises as an important issue, especially in the context of global changes and anthropogenic impacts on coastal habitats. This is especially urgent for intertidal/estuarine organisms, which may be subject to drastic salinity and habitat changes, leading to redox imbalance. How do osmoregulation strategies determine energy expenditure, and how do these processes affect organisms in terms of oxidative stress? What mechanisms are used to cope with salinity-induced oxidative stress? This Commentary aims to highlight the main gaps in our knowledge, covering all levels of organization. From an energy-redox perspective, we discuss the link between environmental salinity changes and physiological responses at different levels of biological organization. Future studies should seek to provide a detailed understanding of the relationship between osmoregulatory strategies and redox metabolism, thereby informing conservation physiologists and allowing them to tackle the new challenges imposed by global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jehan-Hervé Lignot
- UMR 9190 MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, Montpellier 34095, France
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7
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Medraño-Fernandez I, Bestetti S, Bertolotti M, Bienert GP, Bottino C, Laforenza U, Rubartelli A, Sitia R. Stress Regulates Aquaporin-8 Permeability to Impact Cell Growth and Survival. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:1031-44. [PMID: 26972385 PMCID: PMC4931348 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aquaporin-8 (AQP8) allows the bidirectional transport of water and hydrogen peroxide across biological membranes. Depending on its concentration, H2O2 exerts opposite roles, amplifying growth factor signaling in physiological conditions, but causing severe cell damage when in excess. Thus, H2O2 permeability is likely to be tightly controlled in living cells. AIMS In this study, we investigated whether and how the transport of H2O2 through plasma membrane AQP8 is regulated, particularly during cell stress. RESULTS We show that diverse cellular stress conditions, including heat, hypoxia, and ER stress, reversibly inhibit the permeability of AQP8 to H2O2 and water. Preventing the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) during stress counteracts AQP8 blockade. Once inhibition is established, AQP8-dependent transport can be rescued by reducing agents. Neither H2O2 nor water transport is impaired in stressed cells expressing a mutant AQP8, in which cysteine 53 had been replaced by serine. Cells expressing this mutant are more resistant to stress-, drug-, and radiation-induced growth arrest and death. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION The control of AQP8-mediated H2O2 transport provides a novel mechanism to regulate cell signaling and survival during stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 1031-1044.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iria Medraño-Fernandez
- 1 Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele/Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bestetti
- 1 Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele/Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Bertolotti
- 1 Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele/Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan, Italy
| | - Gerd P Bienert
- 2 Metalloid Transport Group, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research , Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Cinzia Bottino
- 3 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | - Umberto Laforenza
- 3 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia , Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Rubartelli
- 4 Cell Biology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST , Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Sitia
- 1 Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele/Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan, Italy
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8
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Possik E, Pause A. Glycogen: A must have storage to survive stressful emergencies. WORM 2016; 5:e1156831. [PMID: 27383221 PMCID: PMC4911973 DOI: 10.1080/21624054.2016.1156831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of adaptation to acute changes in osmolarity are fundamental for life. When exposed to hyperosmotic stress, cells and organisms utilize conserved strategies to prevent water loss and maintain cellular integrity and viability. The production of glycerol is a common strategy utilized by the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and many other organisms to survive hyperosmotic stress. Specifically, the transcriptional upregulation of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the production of glycerol, has been previously implicated in many model organisms. However, what fuels this massive and rapid production of glycerol upon hyperosmotic stress has not been clearly elucidated. We have recently discovered an AMPK-dependent pathway that mediates hyperosmotic stress resistance in C. elegans. Specifically, we demonstrated that the chronic activation of AMPK leads to glycogen accumulation, which under hyperosmotic stress exposure, is rapidly degraded to mediate glycerol production. Importantly, we demonstrate that this strategy is utilized by flcn-1 mutant C. elegans nematodes in an AMPK-dependent manner. FLCN-1 is the worm homolog of the human renal tumor suppressor Folliculin (FLCN) responsible for the Birt-Hogg-Dubé neoplastic syndrome. Here, we comment on the dual role for glycogen in stress resistance: it serves as an energy store and a fuel for osmolyte production. We further discuss the potential utilization of this mechanism by organisms in general and by human cancer cells in order to survive harsh environmental conditions and notably hyperosmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elite Possik
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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9
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Dey S, Proulx SR, Teotónio H. Adaptation to Temporally Fluctuating Environments by the Evolution of Maternal Effects. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002388. [PMID: 26910440 PMCID: PMC4766184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
All organisms live in temporally fluctuating environments. Theory predicts that the evolution of deterministic maternal effects (i.e., anticipatory maternal effects or transgenerational phenotypic plasticity) underlies adaptation to environments that fluctuate in a predictably alternating fashion over maternal-offspring generations. In contrast, randomizing maternal effects (i.e., diversifying and conservative bet-hedging), are expected to evolve in response to unpredictably fluctuating environments. Although maternal effects are common, evidence for their adaptive significance is equivocal since they can easily evolve as a correlated response to maternal selection and may or may not increase the future fitness of offspring. Using the hermaphroditic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we here show that the experimental evolution of maternal glycogen provisioning underlies adaptation to a fluctuating normoxia-anoxia hatching environment by increasing embryo survival under anoxia. In strictly alternating environments, we found that hermaphrodites evolved the ability to increase embryo glycogen provisioning when they experienced normoxia and to decrease embryo glycogen provisioning when they experienced anoxia. At odds with existing theory, however, populations facing irregularly fluctuating normoxia-anoxia hatching environments failed to evolve randomizing maternal effects. Instead, adaptation in these populations may have occurred through the evolution of fitness effects that percolate over multiple generations, as they maintained considerably high expected growth rates during experimental evolution despite evolving reduced fecundity and reduced embryo survival under one or two generations of anoxia. We develop theoretical models that explain why adaptation to a wide range of patterns of environmental fluctuations hinges on the existence of deterministic maternal effects, and that such deterministic maternal effects are more likely to contribute to adaptation than randomizing maternal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdhadip Dey
- Institut de Biologie de l´École Normale Supérieure, INSERM U1024, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, France
| | - Stephen R. Proulx
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Henrique Teotónio
- Institut de Biologie de l´École Normale Supérieure, INSERM U1024, CNRS UMR 8197, Paris, France
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10
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Possik E, Ajisebutu A, Manteghi S, Gingras MC, Vijayaraghavan T, Flamand M, Coull B, Schmeisser K, Duchaine T, van Steensel M, Hall DH, Pause A. FLCN and AMPK Confer Resistance to Hyperosmotic Stress via Remodeling of Glycogen Stores. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005520. [PMID: 26439621 PMCID: PMC4595296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of adaptation to environmental changes in osmolarity are fundamental for cellular and organismal survival. Here we identify a novel osmotic stress resistance pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), which is dependent on the metabolic master regulator 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its negative regulator Folliculin (FLCN). FLCN-1 is the nematode ortholog of the tumor suppressor FLCN, responsible for the Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) tumor syndrome. We show that flcn-1 mutants exhibit increased resistance to hyperosmotic stress via constitutive AMPK-dependent accumulation of glycogen reserves. Upon hyperosmotic stress exposure, glycogen stores are rapidly degraded, leading to a significant accumulation of the organic osmolyte glycerol through transcriptional upregulation of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enzymes (gpdh-1 and gpdh-2). Importantly, the hyperosmotic stress resistance in flcn-1 mutant and wild-type animals is strongly suppressed by loss of AMPK, glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase, or simultaneous loss of gpdh-1 and gpdh-2 enzymes. Our studies show for the first time that animals normally exhibit AMPK-dependent glycogen stores, which can be utilized for rapid adaptation to either energy stress or hyperosmotic stress. Importantly, we show that glycogen accumulates in kidneys from mice lacking FLCN and in renal tumors from a BHD patient. Our findings suggest a dual role for glycogen, acting as a reservoir for energy supply and osmolyte production, and both processes might be supporting tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elite Possik
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrew Ajisebutu
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sanaz Manteghi
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tarika Vijayaraghavan
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Flamand
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Barry Coull
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Kathrin Schmeisser
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Duchaine
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maurice van Steensel
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David H. Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Arnim Pause
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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11
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Glycogen Fuels Survival During Hyposmotic-Anoxic Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2015; 201:65-74. [PMID: 26116152 PMCID: PMC4566277 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.179416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is an absolute requirement for multicellular life. Animals that are deprived of oxygen for sufficient periods of time eventually become injured and die. This is largely due to the fact that, without oxygen, animals are unable to generate sufficient quantities of energy. In human diseases triggered by oxygen deprivation, such as heart attack and stroke, hyposmotic stress and cell swelling (edema) arise in affected tissues as a direct result of energetic failure. Edema independently enhances tissue injury in these diseases by incompletely understood mechanisms, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. Here, we present investigations into the effects of osmotic stress during complete oxygen deprivation (anoxia) in the genetically tractable nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Our findings demonstrate that nematode survival of a hyposmotic environment during anoxia (hyposmotic anoxia) depends on the nematode’s ability to engage in glycogen metabolism. We also present results of a genome-wide screen for genes affecting glycogen content and localization in the nematode, showing that nematode survival of hyposmotic anoxia depends on a large number of these genes. Finally, we show that an inability to engage in glycogen synthesis results in suppression of the enhanced survival phenotype observed in daf-2 insulin-like pathway mutants, suggesting that alterations in glycogen metabolism may serve as a basis for these mutants’ resistance to hyposmotic anoxia.
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