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De la Garza-Rodea AS, Moore SA, Zamora-Pineda J, Hoffman EP, Mistry K, Kumar A, Strober JB, Zhao P, Suh JH, Saba JD. Sphingosine Phosphate Lyase Is Upregulated in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, and Its Inhibition Early in Life Attenuates Inflammation and Dystrophy in Mdx Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7579. [PMID: 35886926 PMCID: PMC9316262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a congenital myopathy caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. DMD pathology is marked by myositis, muscle fiber degeneration, and eventual muscle replacement by fibrosis and adipose tissue. Satellite cells (SC) are muscle stem cells critical for muscle regeneration. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that promotes SC proliferation, regulates lymphocyte trafficking, and is irreversibly degraded by sphingosine phosphate lyase (SPL). Here, we show that SPL is virtually absent in normal human and murine skeletal muscle but highly expressed in inflammatory infiltrates and degenerating fibers of dystrophic DMD muscle. In mdx mice that model DMD, high SPL expression is correlated with dysregulated S1P metabolism. Perinatal delivery of the SPL inhibitor LX2931 to mdx mice augmented muscle S1P and SC numbers, reduced leukocytes in peripheral blood and skeletal muscle, and attenuated muscle inflammation and degeneration. The effect on SC was also observed in SCID/mdx mice that lack mature T and B lymphocytes. Transcriptional profiling in the skeletal muscles of LX2931-treated vs. control mdx mice demonstrated changes in innate and adaptive immune functions, plasma membrane interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM), and axon guidance, a known function of SC. Our cumulative findings suggest that by raising muscle S1P and simultaneously disrupting the chemotactic gradient required for lymphocyte egress, SPL inhibition exerts a combination of muscle-intrinsic and systemic effects that are beneficial in the context of muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel S. De la Garza-Rodea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (A.S.D.l.G.-R.); (J.Z.-P.); (K.M.); (A.K.); (P.Z.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Steven A. Moore
- Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Jesus Zamora-Pineda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (A.S.D.l.G.-R.); (J.Z.-P.); (K.M.); (A.K.); (P.Z.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Eric P. Hoffman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University-State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
| | - Karishma Mistry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (A.S.D.l.G.-R.); (J.Z.-P.); (K.M.); (A.K.); (P.Z.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (A.S.D.l.G.-R.); (J.Z.-P.); (K.M.); (A.K.); (P.Z.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Jonathan B. Strober
- Department of Neurology, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Piming Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (A.S.D.l.G.-R.); (J.Z.-P.); (K.M.); (A.K.); (P.Z.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Jung H. Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (A.S.D.l.G.-R.); (J.Z.-P.); (K.M.); (A.K.); (P.Z.); (J.H.S.)
| | - Julie D. Saba
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16th Street, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (A.S.D.l.G.-R.); (J.Z.-P.); (K.M.); (A.K.); (P.Z.); (J.H.S.)
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Meacci E, Pierucci F, Garcia-Gil M. Skeletal Muscle and COVID-19: The Potential Involvement of Bioactive Sphingolipids. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051068. [PMID: 35625805 PMCID: PMC9138286 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is the cause of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is still spreading over the world. The manifestation of this disease can range from mild to severe and can be limited in time (weeks) or persist for months in about 30–50% of patients. COVID-19 is considered a multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and the musculoskeletal system manifestations are beginning to be considered of absolute importance in both COVID-19 patients and in patients recovering from the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Musculoskeletal manifestations of COVID-19 and other coronavirus infections include loss of muscle mass, muscle weakness, fatigue or myalgia, and muscle injury. The molecular mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 can cause damage to skeletal muscle (SkM) cells are not yet well understood. Sphingolipids (SLs) represent an important class of eukaryotic lipids with structural functions as well as bioactive molecules able to modulate crucial processes, including inflammation and viral infection. In the last two decades, several reports have highlighted the role of SLs in modulating SkM cell differentiation, regeneration, aging, response to insulin, and contraction. This review summarizes the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection on SkM and the potential involvement of SLs in the tissue responses to virus infection. In particular, we highlight the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling in order to aid the prediction of novel targets for preventing and/or treating acute and long-term musculoskeletal manifestations of virus infection in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Meacci
- Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50121 Florence, Italy;
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2751231
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 31, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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3
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Azuma K, Osuka Y, Kojima N, Sasai H, Kim H, Inoue S. Association of Vitamin K Insufficiency as Evaluated by Serum Undercarboxylated Osteocalcin With Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:865178. [PMID: 35821817 PMCID: PMC9261387 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.865178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is the state of having a reduced ability to recover from stress. Intervention in frailty is important for fulfilling healthy longevity. Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin contained in vegetables and fermented foods. Although vitamin K is shown to be associated with several age-related diseases, studies on the association of vitamin K intake and frailty in the elderly population are limited. In the present study, a total of 800 community-dwelling older adults (mean age = 75.9) were recruited for a comprehensive geriatric health examination, including frailty evaluation based on the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria. Serum concentrations of total osteocalcin (OC) and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) were measured. The ratio of ucOC and OC (ucOC/OC), which reflects vitamin K insufficiency, was calculated for each participant, and the values were divided into quartiles. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk of frailty for each quartile of ucOC/OC, with the lowest quartile as the reference. Significant association of frailty and the highest quartile of ucOC/OC was found with the odds ratio of 2.49 (p = 0.023) with adjustment with age, sex, body mass index, dietary intake, and several clinical characteristics. When the analysis was repeated in each component of frailty, the highest quartiles of ucOC/OC had the tendency of association with “slow walking speed” and “low activity.” Our findings demonstrated the association between vitamin K insufficiency and frailty in the elderly population. Our analysis also suggests that vitamin K insufficiency could be associated with selected components of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Azuma
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Osuka
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Narumi Kojima
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasai
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hunkyung Kim
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Systems Aging Science and Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Satoshi Inoue,
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Role of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signalling Axis in Muscle Atrophy Induced by TNFα in C2C12 Myotubes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031280. [PMID: 33525436 PMCID: PMC7866171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass causing reduced agility, increased fatigability and higher risk of bone fractures. Inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), are strong inducers of skeletal muscle atrophy. The bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phoshate (S1P) plays an important role in skeletal muscle biology. S1P, generated by the phosphorylation of sphingosine catalyzed by sphingosine kinase (SK1/2), exerts most of its actions through its specific receptors, S1P1-5. Here, we provide experimental evidence that TNFα induces atrophy and autophagy in skeletal muscle C2C12 myotubes, modulating the expression of specific markers and both active and passive membrane electrophysiological properties. NMR-metabolomics provided a clear picture of the deep remodelling of skeletal muscle fibre metabolism induced by TNFα challenge. The cytokine is responsible for the modulation of S1P signalling axis, upregulating mRNA levels of S1P2 and S1P3 and downregulating those of SK2. TNFα increases the phosphorylated form of SK1, readout of its activation. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition of SK1 and specific antagonism of S1P3 prevented the increase in autophagy markers and the changes in the electrophysiological properties of C2C12 myotubes without affecting metabolic remodelling induced by the cytokine, highlighting the involvement of S1P signalling axis on TNFα-induced atrophy in skeletal muscle.
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Peris-Moreno D, Cussonneau L, Combaret L, Polge C, Taillandier D. Ubiquitin Ligases at the Heart of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Control. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020407. [PMID: 33466753 PMCID: PMC7829870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle loss is a detrimental side-effect of numerous chronic diseases that dramatically increases mortality and morbidity. The alteration of protein homeostasis is generally due to increased protein breakdown while, protein synthesis may also be down-regulated. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a master regulator of skeletal muscle that impacts muscle contractile properties and metabolism through multiple levers like signaling pathways, contractile apparatus degradation, etc. Among the different actors of the UPS, the E3 ubiquitin ligases specifically target key proteins for either degradation or activity modulation, thus controlling both pro-anabolic or pro-catabolic factors. The atrogenes MuRF1/TRIM63 and MAFbx/Atrogin-1 encode for key E3 ligases that target contractile proteins and key actors of protein synthesis respectively. However, several other E3 ligases are involved upstream in the atrophy program, from signal transduction control to modulation of energy balance. Controlling E3 ligases activity is thus a tempting approach for preserving muscle mass. While indirect modulation of E3 ligases may prove beneficial in some situations of muscle atrophy, some drugs directly inhibiting their activity have started to appear. This review summarizes the main signaling pathways involved in muscle atrophy and the E3 ligases implicated, but also the molecules potentially usable for future therapies.
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Donati C, Cencetti F, Bernacchioni C, Vannuzzi V, Bruni P. Role of sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling in tissue fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109861. [PMID: 33253915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components, leading to loss of tissue function in affected organs. Although the majority of fibrotic diseases have different origins, they have in common a persistent inflammatory stimulus and lymphocyte-monocyte interactions that determine the production of numerous fibrogenic cytokines. Treatment to contrast fibrosis is urgently needed, since some fibrotic diseases lead to systemic fibrosis and represent a major cause of death. In this article, the role of the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and its signalling pathway in the fibrosis of different tissue contexts is extensively reviewed, highlighting that it may represent an innovative and promising pharmacological therapeutic target for treating this devastating multifaceted disease. In multiple tissues S1P influences different aspects of fibrosis modulating the recruitment of inflammatory cells, as well as cell proliferation, migration and transdifferentiation into myofibroblasts, the cell type mainly involved in fibrosis development. Moreover, at the level of fibrotic lesions, S1P metabolism is profoundly influenced by multiple cross-talk with profibrotic mediators, such as transforming growth factor β, thus finely regulating the development of fibrosis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Physiological and pathological roles of bioactive sphingolipids".
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Donati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Bernacchioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Vannuzzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "M. Serio", University of Florence, viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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7
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Germinario E, Bondì M, Blaauw B, Betto R, Danieli-Betto D. Reduction of circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate worsens mdx soleus muscle dystrophic phenotype. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1895-1906. [PMID: 32897592 DOI: 10.1113/ep088603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of the study? What are the consequences of reducing circulating sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) for muscle physiology in the murine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)? What is the main result and its importance? Reduction of the circulating S1P level in mdx mice aggravates the dystrophic phenotype, as seen by an increase in fibre atrophy, fibrosis and loss of specific force, suggesting that S1P signalling is a potential therapeutic target in DMD. Although further studies are needed, plasma S1P levels have the intriguing possibility of being used as a biomarker for disease severity, an important issue in DMD. ABSTRACT Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is an important regulator of skeletal muscle properties. The dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse possesses low levels of S1P (∼50%) compared with wild type. Increased S1P availability was demonstrated to ameliorate the dystrophic phenotype in Drosophila and in mdx mice. Here, we analysed the effects produced by further reduction of S1P availability on the mass, force and regenerative capacity of dystrophic mdx soleus. Circulating S1P was neutralized by a specific anti-S1P antibody (S1P-Ab) known to lower the extracellular concentration of this signalling lipid. The S1P-Ab was administered intraperitoneally in adult mdx mice every 2 days for the duration of experiments. Soleus muscle properties were analysed 7 or 14 days after the first injection. The decreased availability of circulating S1P after the 14 day treatment reduced mdx soleus fibre cross-sectional area (-16%, P < 0.05), an effect that was associated with an increase in markers of proteolytic (MuRF1 and atrogin-1) and autophagic (p62 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio) pathways. Moreover, an increase of fibrosis was also observed (+26%, P < 0.05). Notably, the treatment also caused a reduction of specific tetanic tension (-29%, P < 0.05). The mdx soleus regenerative capacity was only slightly influenced by reduced S1P. In conclusion, neutralization of circulating S1P reduces the mass and specific force and increases fibrosis of mdx soleus muscle, thus worsening the dystrophic phenotype. The results confirm that active, functional S1P signalling might counteract the progression of soleus mdx pathology and validate the pathway as a potential therapeutic target for muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Germinario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
| | - Michela Bondì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
| | - Romeo Betto
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy.,CNR-Institute for Neuroscience, CNR, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Danieli-Betto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
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8
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Cencetti F, Bruno G, Bernacchioni C, Japtok L, Puliti E, Donati C, Bruni P. Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase blockade elicits myogenic differentiation of murine myoblasts acting via Spns2/S1P2 receptor axis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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S1P/S1P Receptor Signaling in Neuromuscolar Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246364. [PMID: 31861214 PMCID: PMC6941007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and the signaling pathways triggered by its binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors play a critical regulatory role in many pathophysiological processes, including skeletal muscle and nervous system degeneration. The signaling transduced by S1P binding appears to be much more complex than previously thought, with important implications for clinical applications and for personalized medicine. In particular, the understanding of S1P/S1P receptor signaling functions in specific compartmentalized locations of the cell is worthy of being better investigated, because in various circumstances it might be crucial for the development or/and the progression of neuromuscular diseases, such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, myasthenia gravis, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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10
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Wennberg AMV, Schafer MJ, LeBrasseur NK, Savica R, Bui HH, Hagen CE, Hollman JH, Petersen RC, Mielke MM. Plasma Sphingolipids are Associated With Gait Parameters in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:960-965. [PMID: 28977376 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disrupted gait has been associated with an increased risk of frailty, disability, and death, but the causal molecular pathways are not well understood. Sphingolipids, including ceramides, are associated with multiple age-related diseases. Ceramides promote atrophy, necrosis, and proteolysis in cellular and animal models, and ceramide C16:0 levels are negatively correlated with muscle mass in men. However, there is a paucity of evidence examining sphingolipids and physical function. Methods We examined the cross-sectional association between plasma ceramides, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and ceramide/S1P ratios and gait, a robust measure of physical function, in 340 clinically normal participants aged 70 years and older enrolled in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. GAITRite® instrumentation was used to measure gait speed, cadence, step width, double support time, and intra-individual stride time variability. Based on previous studies, we hypothesized that higher plasma levels of ceramide C16:0 would be associated with worse gait. Results Multivariable adjusted linear regression models revealed that higher levels of ceramide C16:0 were associated with slower gait speed, decreased cadence, and increased double support time. Conclusions These results suggest an association between plasma ceramide C16:0 and physical function. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether elevated ceramide C16:0 can be utilized as a prognostic marker for functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marissa J Schafer
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rodolfo Savica
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hai H Bui
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Clinton E Hagen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John H Hollman
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
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11
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Skeletal Muscle Cell Oxidative Stress as a Possible Therapeutic Target in a Denervation-Induced Experimental Sarcopenic Model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:E446-E455. [PMID: 30299418 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A basic study using a rodent model of sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the contribution of oxidative stress to muscle degeneration and the efficacy of antioxidant treatment for sarcopenia using an animal model of neurogenic sarcopenia. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Oxidative stress has been reported to be involved in a number of pathologies, including musculoskeletal disorders. Its relationship with sarcopenia, one of the potential origins of lower back pain, however, is not yet fully understood. METHODS Myoblast cell lines (C2C12) were treated with H2O2, an oxidative stress inducer, and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant. Apoptotic effects induced by oxidative stress and the antioxidant effects of NAC were assessed by western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assays. An animal model of sarcopenia was produced via axotomy of the sciatic nerves to induce muscle atrophy. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into sham, sham+NAC, axotomy, and axotomy+NAC groups. Rats were provided water only or water containing NAC (1 g/L) for 4 weeks. The gastrocnemius muscle was isolated and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) 2 weeks after axotomy, from which muscle cells were harvested and protein extracted for evaluation. RESULTS Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were significantly activated by H2O2 treatment in C2C12 cells, which was ameliorated by NAC pretreatment. Furthermore, H2O2 induced apoptosis and death of C2C12 cells, which was prevented by NAC pretreatment. The weight of the gastrocnemius muscle was reduced in the axotomy group, which was prevented by NAC administration. Lastly, although muscle specimens from the axotomy group showed greater reductions in muscle fiber, the oral administration of NAC significantly inhibited amyotrophy via antioxidant effects. CONCLUSION The current in vitro and in vivo study demonstrated the possible involvement of oxidative stress in sarcopenic pathology. NAC represents a potential anti-sarcopenic drug candidate, preventing amyotrophy and fatty degeneration. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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12
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Pierucci F, Frati A, Battistini C, Matteini F, Iachini MC, Vestri A, Penna F, Costelli P, Meacci E. Involvement of released sphingosine 1-phosphate/sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor axis in skeletal muscle atrophy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3598-3614. [PMID: 30279138 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SkM) atrophy is caused by several and heterogeneous conditions, such as cancer, neuromuscular disorders and aging. In most types of SkM atrophy overall rates of protein synthesis are suppressed, protein degradation is consistently elevated and atrogenes, such as the ubiquitin ligase Atrogin-1/MAFbx, are up-regulated. The molecular regulators of SkM waste are multiple and only in part known. Sphingolipids represent a class of bioactive molecules capable of modulating the destiny of many cell types, including SkM cells. In particular, we and others have shown that sphingosine 1phosphate (S1P), formed by sphingosine kinase (SphK), is able to act as trophic and morphogenic factor in myoblasts. Here, we report the first evidence that the atrophic phenotype observed in both muscle obtained from mice bearing the C26 adenocarcinoma and C2C12 myotubes treated with dexamethasone was characterized by reduced levels of active phospho-SphK1. The importance of SphK1 activity is also confirmed by the specific pharmacological inhibition of SphK1 able to increase Atrogin-1/MAFbx expression and reduce myotube size and myonuclei number. Furthermore, we found that SkM atrophy was accomplished by significant increase of S1P transporter Spns2 and in changes in the pattern of S1P receptor (S1PRs) subtype expression paralleled by increased Atrogin-1/MAFbx expression, suggesting a role for the released S1P and of specific S1PR-mediated signaling pathways in the control of the ubiquitin ligase. Altogether, these findings provide the first evidence that SphK1/released S1P/S1PR axis acts as a molecular regulator of SkM atrophy, thereby representing a new possible target for therapy in many patho-physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pierucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" -Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni, 50, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Frati
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" -Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni, 50, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Battistini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" -Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni, 50, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Matteini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" -Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni, 50, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Iachini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" -Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni, 50, Florence, Italy
| | - Ambra Vestri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" -Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni, 50, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio" -Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni, 50, Florence, Italy.
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13
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Henriques A, Croixmarie V, Bouscary A, Mosbach A, Keime C, Boursier-Neyret C, Walter B, Spedding M, Loeffler JP. Sphingolipid Metabolism Is Dysregulated at Transcriptomic and Metabolic Levels in the Spinal Cord of an Animal Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 10:433. [PMID: 29354030 PMCID: PMC5758557 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is drastically dysregulated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and impacts prognosis of patients. Animal models recapitulate alterations in the energy metabolism, including hypermetabolism and severe loss of adipose tissue. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, we have performed RNA-sequencing and lipidomic profiling in spinal cord of symptomatic SOD1G86R mice. Spinal transcriptome of SOD1G86R mice was characterized by differential expression of genes related to immune system, extracellular exosome, and lysosome. Hypothesis-driven identification of metabolites showed that lipids, including sphingomyelin(d18:0/26:1), ceramide(d18:1/22:0), and phosphatidylcholine(o-22:1/20:4) showed profound altered levels. A correlation between disease severity and gene expression or metabolite levels was found for sphingosine, ceramide(d18:1/26:0), Sgpp2, Sphk1, and Ugt8a. Joint-analysis revealed a significant enrichment of glycosphingolipid metabolism in SOD1G86R mice, due to the down-regulation of ceramide, glucosylceramide, and lactosylceramide and the overexpression of genes involved in their recycling in the lysosome. A drug-gene interaction database was interrogated to identify potential drugs able to modulate the dysregulated genes from the signaling pathway. Our results suggest that complex lipids are pivotally changed during the first phase of motor symptoms in an animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Henriques
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France.,Spedding Research Solutions SAS, Le Vesinet, France
| | | | - Alexandra Bouscary
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | - Althéa Mosbach
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | - Céline Keime
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM, U964, CNRS, UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Philippe Loeffler
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Strasbourg, France.,INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
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14
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Cannavo A, Rengo G, Liccardo D, Pun A, Gao E, George AJ, Gambino G, Rapacciuolo A, Leosco D, Ibanez B, Ferrara N, Paolocci N, Koch WJ. β 1-Blockade Prevents Post-Ischemic Myocardial Decompensation Via β 3AR-Dependent Protective Sphingosine-1 Phosphate Signaling. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:182-192. [PMID: 28683966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although β-blockers increase survival in patients with heart failure (HF), the mechanisms behind this protection are not fully understood, and not all patients with HF respond favorably to them. We recently showed that, in cardiomyocytes, a reciprocal down-regulation occurs between β1-adrenergic receptors (ARs) and the cardioprotective sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor-1 (S1PR1). OBJECTIVES The authors hypothesized that, in addition to salutary actions due to direct β1AR-blockade, agents such as metoprolol (Meto) may improve post-myocardial infarction (MI) structural and functional outcomes via restored S1PR1 signaling, and sought to determine mechanisms accounting for this effect. METHODS We tested the in vitro effects of Meto in HEK293 cells and in ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal rats. In vivo, we assessed the effects of Meto in MI wild-type and β3AR knockout mice. RESULTS Here we report that, in vitro, Meto prevents catecholamine-induced down-regulation of S1PR1, a major cardiac protective signaling pathway. In vivo, we show that Meto arrests post-MI HF progression in mice as much as chronic S1P treatment. Importantly, human HF subjects receiving β1AR-blockers display elevated circulating S1P levels, confirming that Meto promotes S1P secretion/signaling. Mechanistically, we found that Meto-induced S1P secretion is β3AR-dependent because Meto infusion in β3AR knockout mice does not elevate circulating S1P levels, nor does it ameliorate post-MI dysfunction, as in wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized mechanism by which β1-blockers prevent HF progression in patients with ischemia, suggesting that β3AR dysfunction may account for limited/null efficacy in β1AR-blocker-insensitive HF subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cannavo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Telese Terme Institute, Telese Terme (BN), Italy.
| | - Daniela Liccardo
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andres Pun
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ehre Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alvin J George
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Rapacciuolo
- Department of Advanced Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Leosco
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Borja Ibanez
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madid, Spain; CIBER de enfermedades cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, Telese Terme Institute, Telese Terme (BN), Italy
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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15
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Bondì M, Germinario E, Pirazzini M, Zanetti G, Cencetti F, Donati C, Gorza L, Betto R, Bruni P, Danieli-Betto D. Ablation of S1P3 receptor protects mouse soleus from age-related drop in muscle mass, force, and regenerative capacity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C54-C67. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00027.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of S1P3 deficiency on the age-related atrophy, decline in force, and regenerative capacity of soleus muscle from 23-mo-old male (old) mice. Compared with muscle from 5-mo-old (adult) mice, soleus mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in old wild-type mice were reduced by ~26% and 24%, respectively. By contrast, the mass and fiber CSA of soleus muscle in old S1P3-null mice were comparable to those of adult muscle. Moreover, in soleus muscle of wild-type mice, twitch and tetanic tensions diminished from adulthood to old age. A slowing of contractile properties was also observed in soleus from old wild-type mice. In S1P3-null mice, neither force nor the contractile properties of soleus changed during aging. We also evaluated the regenerative capacity of soleus in old S1P3-null mice by stimulating muscle regeneration through myotoxic injury. After 10 days of regeneration, the mean fiber CSA of soleus in old wild-type mice was significantly smaller (−28%) compared with that of regenerated muscle in adult mice. On the contrary, the mean fiber CSA of regenerated soleus in old S1P3-null mice was similar to that of muscle in adult mice. We conclude that in the absence of S1P3, soleus muscle is protected from the decrease in muscle mass and force, and the attenuation of regenerative capacity, all of which are typical characteristics of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bondì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Germinario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Mario Serio, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy; and
| | - Chiara Donati
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Mario Serio, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy; and
| | - Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Romeo Betto
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- National Research Council-Institute for Neuroscience, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Mario Serio, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy; and
| | - Daniela Danieli-Betto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
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16
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Dietary supplementation with bovine-derived milk fat globule membrane lipids promotes neuromuscular development in growing rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:9. [PMID: 28127382 PMCID: PMC5259894 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is primarily composed of polar phospho- and sphingolipids, which have established biological effects on neuroplasticity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary MFGM supplementation on the neuromuscular system during post-natal development. Methods Growing rats received dietary supplementation with bovine-derived MFGM mixtures consisting of complex milk lipids (CML), beta serum concentrate (BSC) or a complex milk lipid concentrate (CMLc) (which lacks MFGM proteins) from post-natal day 10 to day 70. Results Supplementation with MFGM mixtures enriched in polar lipids (BSC and CMLc, but not CML) increased the plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) concentration, with no effect on plasma phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS) or sphingomyelin (SM). In contrast, muscle PC was reduced in rats receiving supplementation with both BSC and CMLc, whereas muscle PI, PE, PS and SM remained unchanged. Rats receiving BSC and CMLc (but not CML) displayed a slow-to-fast muscle fibre type profile shift (MyHCI → MyHCIIa) that was associated with elevated expression of genes involved in myogenic differentiation (myogenic regulatory factors) and relatively fast fibre type specialisation (Myh2 and Nfatc4). Expression of neuromuscular development genes, including nerve cell markers, components of the synaptogenic agrin–LRP4 pathway and acetylcholine receptor subunits, was also increased in muscle of rats supplemented with BSC and CMLc (but not CML). Conclusions These findings demonstrate that dietary supplementation with bovine-derived MFGM mixtures enriched in polar lipids can promote neuromuscular development during post-natal growth in rats, leading to shifts in adult muscle phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-017-0161-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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17
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Germinario E, Bondì M, Cencetti F, Donati C, Nocella M, Colombini B, Betto R, Bruni P, Bagni MA, Danieli-Betto D. S1P3 receptor influences key physiological properties of fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:1288-300. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00345.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 3 (S1P3) in modulating muscle properties, we utilized transgenic mice depleted of the receptor. Morphological analyses of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle did not show evident differences between wild-type and S1P3-null mice. The body weight of 3-mo-old S1P3-null mice and the mean cross-sectional area of transgenic EDL muscle fibers were similar to those of wild-type. S1P3 deficiency enhanced the expression level of S1P1 and S1P2 receptors mRNA in S1P3-null EDL muscle. The contractile properties of S1P3-null EDL diverge from those of wild-type, largely more fatigable and less able to recover. The absence of S1P3 appears responsible for a lower availability of calcium during fatigue. S1P supplementation, expected to stimulate residual S1P receptors and signaling, reduced fatigue development of S1P3-null muscle. Moreover, in the absence of S1P3, denervated EDL atrophies less than wild-type. The analysis of atrophy-related proteins in S1P3-null EDL evidences high levels of the endogenous regulator of mitochondria biogenesis peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α); preserving mitochondria could protect the muscle from disuse atrophy. In conclusion, the absence of S1P3 makes the muscle more sensitive to fatigue and slows down atrophy development after denervation, indicating that S1P3 is involved in the modulation of key physiological properties of the fast-twitch EDL muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Germinario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- IIM, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
| | - Michela Bondì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- IIM, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Mario Serio, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- IIM, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Mario Serio, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Nocella
- IIM, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Colombini
- IIM, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Romeo Betto
- IIM, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- CNR-Institute for Neuroscience, CNR, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- IIM, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Mario Serio, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Bagni
- IIM, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Danieli-Betto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- IIM, Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
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18
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Sassoli C, Nosi D, Tani A, Chellini F, Mazzanti B, Quercioli F, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Formigli L. Defining the role of mesenchymal stromal cells on the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in skeletal muscle cells. Exp Cell Res 2014; 323:297-313. [PMID: 24631289 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) transplantation improves healing of injured and diseased skeletal muscle, although the mechanisms of benefit are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated whether MSCs and/or their trophic factors were able to regulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity in different cells of the muscle tissue. MSCs in co-culture with C2C12 cells or their conditioned medium (MSC-CM) up-regulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and function in the myoblastic cells; these effects were concomitant with the down-regulation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and -2 and with increased cell motility. In the single muscle fiber experiments, MSC-CM administration increased MMP-2/9 expression in Pax-7(+) satellite cells and stimulated their mobilization, differentiation and fusion. The anti-fibrotic properties of MSC-CM involved also the regulation of MMPs by skeletal fibroblasts and the inhibition of their differentiation into myofibroblasts. The treatment with SB-3CT, a potent MMP inhibitor, prevented in these cells, the decrease of α-smooth actin and type-I collagen expression induced by MSC-CM, suggesting that MSC-CM could attenuate the fibrogenic response through mechanisms mediated by MMPs. Our results indicate that growth factors and cytokines released by these cells may modulate the fibrotic response and improve the endogenous mechanisms of muscle repair/regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sassoli
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Nosi
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Tani
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mazzanti
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Haematology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Franco Quercioli
- CNR-National Institute of Optics (INO), Largo Enrico Fermi 6, 50125 Arcetri-Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Zecchi-Orlandini
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Formigli
- Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine-Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla, 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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Donati C, Cencetti F, Bruni P. Sphingosine 1-phosphate axis: a new leader actor in skeletal muscle biology. Front Physiol 2013; 4:338. [PMID: 24324439 PMCID: PMC3839259 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid involved in the regulation of biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, motility, and survival. Here we review the role of S1P in the biology and homeostasis of skeletal muscle. S1P derives from the catabolism of sphingomyelin and is produced by sphingosine phosphorylation catalyzed by sphingosine kinase (SK). S1P can act either intracellularly or extracellularly through specific ligation to its five G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) named S1P receptors (S1PR). Many experimental findings obtained in the last 20 years demonstrate that S1P and its metabolism play a multifaceted role in the regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration. Indeed, this lipid is known to activate muscle-resident satellite cells, regulating their proliferation and differentiation, as well as mesenchymal progenitors such as mesoangioblasts that originate outside skeletal muscle, both involved in tissue repair following an injury or disease. The molecular mechanism of action of S1P in skeletal muscle cell precursors is highly complex, especially because S1P axis is under the control of a number of growth factors and cytokines, canonical regulators of skeletal muscle biology. Moreover, this lipid is crucially involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle contractile properties, responsiveness to insulin, fatigue resistance and tropism. Overall, on the basis of these findings S1P signaling appears to be an appealing pharmacological target for improving skeletal muscle repair. Nevertheless, further understanding is required on the regulation of S1P downstream signaling pathways and the expression of S1PR. This article will resume our current knowledge on S1P signaling in skeletal muscle, hopefully stimulating further investigation in the field, aimed at individuating novel molecular targets for ameliorating skeletal muscle regeneration and reducing fibrosis of the tissue after a trauma or due to skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Donati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche, University of Florence Florence, Italy ; Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia Italy
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20
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de la Garza-Rodea AS, Baldwin DM, Oskouian B, Place RF, Bandhuvula P, Kumar A, Saba JD. Sphingosine phosphate lyase regulates myogenic differentiation via S1P receptor-mediated effects on myogenic microRNA expression. FASEB J 2013; 28:506-19. [PMID: 24158395 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-233155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
S1P lyase (SPL) catalyzes the irreversible degradation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid whose signaling activities regulate muscle differentiation, homeostasis, and satellite cell (SC) activation. By regulating S1P levels, SPL also controls SC recruitment and muscle regeneration, representing a potential therapeutic target for muscular dystrophy. We found that SPL is induced during myoblast differentiation. To investigate SPL's role in myogenesis at the cellular level, we generated and characterized a murine myoblast SPL-knockdown (SPL-KD) cell line lacking SPL. SPL-KD cells accumulated intracellular and extracellular S1P and failed to form myotubes under conditions that normally stimulate myogenic differentiation. Under differentiation conditions, SPL-KD cells also demonstrated delayed induction of 3 myogenic microRNAs (miRNAs), miR-1, miR-206, and miR-486. SPL-KD cells successfully differentiated when treated with an S1P1 agonist, S1P2 antagonist, and combination treatments, which also increased myogenic miRNA levels. SPL-KD cells transfected with mimics for miR-1 or miR-206 also overcame the differentiation block. Thus, we show for the first time that the S1P/SPL/S1P-receptor axis regulates the expression of a number of miRNAs, thereby contributing to myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel S de la Garza-Rodea
- 1Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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21
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Ross JS, Hu W, Rosen B, Snider AJ, Obeid LM, Cowart LA. Sphingosine kinase 1 is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in response to free fatty acids and is essential for skeletal muscle interleukin-6 production and signaling in diet-induced obesity. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22193-206. [PMID: 23766515 PMCID: PMC3829312 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.477786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) expression and activity are up-regulated by exogenous palmitate (PAL) in a skeletal muscle model system and in diet-induced obesity in mice; however, potential functions and in vivo relevance of this have not been addressed. Here, we aimed to determine the mechanism by which PAL regulates SphK1 in muscle, and to determine potential roles for its product, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), in muscle biology in the context of obesity. Cloning and analysis of the mouse Sphk1 promoter revealed a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α cis-element that mediated activation of a reporter under control of the Sphk1 promoter; direct interaction of PPARα was demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. PAL treatment induced the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 in a manner dependent on SphK1, and this was attenuated by inhibition of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3). Diet-induced obesity in mice demonstrated that IL-6 expression in muscle, but not adipose tissue, increased in obesity, but this was attenuated in Sphk1(-/-) mice. Moreover, plasma IL-6 levels were significantly decreased in obese Sphk1(-/-) mice relative to obese wild type mice, and muscle, but not adipose tissue IL-6 signaling was activated. These data indicate that PPARα regulates Sphk1 expression in the context of fatty acid oversupply and links PAL to muscle IL-6 production. Moreover, this function of SphK1 in diet-induced obesity suggests a potential role for SphK1 in obesity-associated pathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S. Ross
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, and
| | - Wei Hu
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Bess Rosen
- the Boston University School of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Ashley J. Snider
- Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
- the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401
| | - Lina M. Obeid
- the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790
- the Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northpoint, New York 11768, and
| | - L. Ashley Cowart
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401
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22
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Donati C, Cencetti F, Bruni P. New insights into the role of sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid in the regulation of skeletal muscle cell biology. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:176-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Studies performed in the last fifteen years have clearly established that the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) affects various different biological properties of myogenic precursor cells as well as physiological features of adult skeletal muscle. Noticeably, in myogenic precursor cells multiple growth factors and cytokines cross-communicate with S1P axis and the engagement of distinct S1P receptor subtypes appears to be crucially implicated in transmitting specific biological effects. This paper summarizes current research findings and discloses the potential for new therapeutics designed to alter S1P signaling with the aim of improving skeletal muscle repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bruni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy.
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Trophic actions of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for muscle repair/regeneration. Cells 2012; 1:832-50. [PMID: 24710532 PMCID: PMC3901134 DOI: 10.3390/cells1040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) represent the leading candidate cell in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These cells can be easily isolated, expanded in vitro and are capable of providing significant functional benefits after implantation in the damaged muscle tissues. Despite their plasticity, the participation of BM-MSCs to new muscle fiber formation is controversial; in fact, emerging evidence indicates that their therapeutic effects occur without signs of long-term tissue engraftment and involve the paracrine secretion of cytokines and growth factors with multiple effects on the injured tissue, including modulation of inflammation and immune reaction, positive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, angiogenesis and protection from apoptosis. Recently, a new role for BM-MSCs in the stimulation of muscle progenitor cells proliferation has been demonstrated, suggesting the potential ability of these cells to influence the fate of local stem cells and augment the endogenous mechanisms of repair/regeneration in the damaged tissues.
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Germinario E, Peron S, Toniolo L, Betto R, Cencetti F, Donati C, Bruni P, Danieli-Betto D. S1P2 receptor promotes mouse skeletal muscle regeneration. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:707-13. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00300.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate is a bioactive lipid that modulates skeletal muscle growth through its interaction with specific receptors localized in the cell membrane of muscle fibers and satellite cells. This study analyzes the role of S1P2 receptor during in vivo regeneration of soleus muscle in two models of S1P2 deficiency: the S1P2-null mouse and wild-type mice systemically treated with the S1P2 receptor antagonist JTE-013. To stimulate regeneration, muscle degeneration was induced by injecting into soleus muscle the myotoxic drug notexin. Both ablation of S1P2 receptor and its functional inactivation delayed regeneration of soleus muscle. The exogenous supplementation of S1P or its removal, by a specific antibody, two conditions known to stimulate or inhibit, respectively, soleus muscle regeneration, were without effects when the S1P2 receptor was absent or inactive. The delayed regeneration was associated with a lower level of myogenin, a muscle differentiation marker, and reduced phosphorylation of Akt, a key marker of muscle growth. Consistently, silencing of S1P2 receptor abrogated the pro-myogenic action of S1P in satellite cells, paralleled by low levels of the myogenic transcription factor myogenin. The study indicates that S1P2 receptor plays a key role in the early phases of muscle regeneration by sustaining differentiation and growth of new-forming myofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Germinario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
| | - Samantha Peron
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Luana Toniolo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
| | - Romeo Betto
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Firenze, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Firenze, Italy
| | - Daniela Danieli-Betto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
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S1P lyase in skeletal muscle regeneration and satellite cell activation: exposing the hidden lyase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:167-75. [PMID: 22750505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid whose actions are essential for many physiological processes including angiogenesis, lymphocyte trafficking and development. In addition, S1P serves as a muscle trophic factor that enables efficient muscle regeneration. This is due in part to S1P's ability to activate quiescent muscle stem cells called satellite cells (SCs) that are needed for muscle repair. However, the molecular mechanism by which S1P activates SCs has not been well understood. Further, strategies for harnessing S1P signaling to recruit SCs for therapeutic benefit have been lacking. S1P is irreversibly catabolized by S1P lyase (SPL), a highly conserved enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of S1P at carbon bond C(2-3), resulting in formation of hexadecenal and ethanolamine-phosphate. SPL enhances apoptosis through substrate- and product-dependent events, thereby regulating cellular responses to chemotherapy, radiation and ischemia. SPL is undetectable in resting murine skeletal muscle. However, we recently found that SPL is dynamically upregulated in skeletal muscle after injury. SPL upregulation occurred in the context of a tightly orchestrated genetic program that resulted in a transient S1P signal in response to muscle injury. S1P activated quiescent SCs via a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent pathway, thereby facilitating skeletal muscle regeneration. Mdx mice, which serve as a model for muscular dystrophy (MD), exhibited skeletal muscle SPL upregulation and S1P deficiency. Pharmacological SPL inhibition raised skeletal muscle S1P levels, enhanced SC recruitment and improved mdx skeletal muscle regeneration. These findings reveal how S1P can activate SCs and indicate that SPL suppression may provide a therapeutic strategy for myopathies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
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Sphingosine-1-phosphate enhances satellite cell activation in dystrophic muscles through a S1PR2/STAT3 signaling pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37218. [PMID: 22606352 PMCID: PMC3351440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) activates a widely expressed family of G protein-coupled receptors, serves as a muscle trophic factor and activates muscle stem cells called satellite cells (SCs) through unknown mechanisms. Here we show that muscle injury induces dynamic changes in S1P signaling and metabolism in vivo. These changes include early and profound induction of the gene encoding the S1P biosynthetic enzyme SphK1, followed by induction of the catabolic enzyme sphingosine phosphate lyase (SPL) 3 days later. These changes correlate with a transient increase in circulating S1P levels after muscle injury. We show a specific requirement for SphK1 to support efficient muscle regeneration and SC proliferation and differentiation. Mdx mice, which serve as a model for muscular dystrophy (MD), were found to be S1P-deficient and exhibited muscle SPL upregulation, suggesting that S1P catabolism is enhanced in dystrophic muscle. Pharmacological SPL inhibition increased muscle S1P levels, improved mdx muscle regeneration and enhanced SC proliferation via S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2)-dependent inhibition of Rac1, thereby activating Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a central player in inflammatory signaling. STAT3 activation resulted in p21 and p27 downregulation in a S1PR2-dependent fashion in myoblasts. Our findings suggest that S1P promotes SC progression through the cell cycle by repression of cell cycle inhibitors via S1PR2/STAT3-dependent signaling and that SPL inhibition may provide a therapeutic strategy for MD.
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Sassoli C, Formigli L, Bini F, Tani A, Squecco R, Battistini C, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Francini F, Meacci E. Effects of S1P on skeletal muscle repair/regeneration during eccentric contraction. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 15:2498-511. [PMID: 21199328 PMCID: PMC3822960 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is severely compromised in the case of extended damage. The current challenge is to find factors capable of limiting muscle degeneration and/or potentiating the inherent regenerative program mediated by a specific type of myoblastic cells, the satellite cells. Recent studies from our groups and others have shown that the bioactive lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), promotes myoblast differentiation and exerts a trophic action on denervated skeletal muscle fibres. In the present study, we examined the effects of S1P on eccentric contraction (EC)-injured extensor digitorum longus muscle fibres and resident satellite cells. After EC, skeletal muscle showed evidence of structural and biochemical damage along with significant electrophysiological changes, i.e. reduced plasma membrane resistance and resting membrane potential and altered Na(+) and Ca(2+) current amplitude and kinetics. Treatment with exogenous S1P attenuated the EC-induced tissue damage, protecting skeletal muscle fibre from apoptosis, preserving satellite cell viability and affecting extracellular matrix remodelling, through the up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression. S1P also promoted satellite cell renewal and differentiation in the damaged muscle. Notably, EC was associated with the activation of sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and with increased endogenous S1P synthesis, further stressing the relevance of S1P in skeletal muscle protection and repair/regeneration. In line with this, the treatment with a selective SphK1 inhibitor during EC, caused an exacerbation of the muscle damage and attenuated MMP-9 expression. Together, these findings are in favour for a role of S1P in skeletal muscle healing and offer new clues for the identification of novel therapeutic approaches to counteract skeletal muscle damage and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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TNF-α- and tumor-induced skeletal muscle atrophy involves sphingolipid metabolism. Skelet Muscle 2012; 2:2. [PMID: 22257771 PMCID: PMC3344678 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscle atrophy associated with various pathophysiological conditions represents a major health problem, because of its contribution to the deterioration of patient status and its effect on mortality. Although the involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines in this process is well recognized, the role of sphingolipid metabolism alterations induced by the cytokines has received little attention. Results We addressed this question both in vitro using differentiated myotubes treated with TNF-α, and in vivo in a murine model of tumor-induced cachexia. Myotube atrophy induced by TNF-α was accompanied by a substantial increase in cell ceramide levels, and could be mimicked by the addition of exogenous ceramides. It could be prevented by the addition of ceramide-synthesis inhibitors that targeted either the de novo pathway (myriocin), or the sphingomyelinases (GW4869 and 3-O-methylsphingomyelin). In the presence of TNF-α, ceramide-synthesis inhibitors significantly increased protein synthesis and decreased proteolysis. In parallel, they lowered the expression of both the Atrogin-1 and LC3b genes, involved in muscle protein degradation by proteasome and in autophagic proteolysis, respectively, and increased the proportion of inactive, phosphorylated Foxo3 transcription factor. Furthermore, these inhibitors increased the expression and/or phosphorylation levels of key factors regulating protein metabolism, including phospholipase D, an activator of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and the mTOR substrates S6K1 and Akt. In vivo, C26 carcinoma implantation induced a substantial increase in muscle ceramide, together with drastic muscle atrophy. Treatment of the animals with myriocin reduced the expression of the atrogenes Foxo3 and Atrogin-1, and partially protected muscle tissue from atrophy. Conclusions Ceramide accumulation induced by TNF-α or tumor development participates in the mechanism of muscle-cell atrophy, and sphingolipid metabolism is a logical target for pharmacological or nutritional interventions aiming at preserving muscle mass in pathological situations.
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Sun H, Li M, Gong L, Liu M, Ding F, Gu X. iTRAQ-coupled 2D LC–MS/MS analysis on differentially expressed proteins in denervated tibialis anterior muscle of Rattus norvegicus. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 364:193-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid regulator of numerous important physiological and pathological processes in mammalian and nonmammalian cells. There are emerging evidence that many cell types can produce and release S1P; therefore, the quantification of its intracellular and extracellular content as well as the activity of sphingosine kinase (SphK), the enzyme responsible of S1P synthesis, is crucial to attribute to the SphK/S1P axis a functional significance in response to many different stimuli and in physiopathological conditions.This chapter describes experimental procedures to measure intracellular S1P formation in skeletal muscle cells and skeletal muscle fibers by using sphingolipid precursors. It also underlines the relevance of measuring S1P production in specific cellular compartments in order to attribute to S1P signaling a role in the biology of skeletal muscle cells.
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Calise S, Blescia S, Cencetti F, Bernacchioni C, Donati C, Bruni P. Sphingosine 1-phosphate stimulates proliferation and migration of satellite cells: role of S1P receptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1823:439-50. [PMID: 22178384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells are resident stem cells of skeletal muscle; they are normally quiescent but upon post-trauma activation start to proliferate and fuse with damaged fibers contributing to muscle regeneration. In this study the effect of the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) on the proliferative and migratory response of murine satellite cells has been examined. S1P was found to stimulate labeled thymidine incorporation in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent manner. Moreover, by employing selective S1P receptor agonists and antagonists and silencing individual S1P receptors, the mitogenic action of S1P in satellite cells was shown to depend on S1P2 and S1P3. Notably, by using different experimental approaches S1P was found to positively influence satellite cell migration, necessary for their recruitment at the site of muscle damage. Interestingly, the specific silencing of individual S1P receptor subtypes demonstrated the pivotal role of S1P1 and S1P4 in mediating the S1P migratory effect. This latter result demonstrates for the first time that S1P4 receptor has a role in skeletal muscle cells, supporting the notion that this receptor subtype plays a biological action broader than that so far identified in lymphoid tissue. On the contrary, S1P2 was found to negatively regulate cell migration. Collectively, these results are in favour of an important function of S1P in satellite cell biology that could in principle be exploited as novel pharmacological target for improving skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Calise
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Università di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
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Nikolova-Karakashian MN, Reid MB. Sphingolipid metabolism, oxidant signaling, and contractile function of skeletal muscle. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2501-17. [PMID: 21453197 PMCID: PMC3176343 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Sphingolipids are a class of bioactive lipids that regulate diverse cell functions. Ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate accumulate in tissues such as liver, brain, and lung under conditions of cellular stress, including oxidative stress. The activity of some sphingolipid metabolizing enzymes, chiefly the sphingomyelinases, is stimulated during inflammation and in response to oxidative stress. Ceramide, the sphingomyelinase product, as well as the ceramide metabolite, sphingosine-1-phosphate, can induce the generation of more reactive oxygen species, propagating further inflammation. RECENT ADVANCES This review article summarizes information on sphingolipid biochemistry and signaling pertinent to skeletal muscle and describes the potential influence of sphingolipids on contractile function. CRITICAL ISSUES It encompasses topics related to (1) the pathways for complex sphingolipid biosynthesis and degradation, emphasizing sphingolipid regulation in various muscle fiber types and subcellular compartments; (2) the emerging evidence that implicates ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate as regulators of muscle oxidant activity, and (3) sphingolipid effects on contractile function and fatigue. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We propose that prolonged inflammatory conditions alter ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate levels in skeletal muscle and that these changes promote the weakness, premature fatigue, and cachexia that plague individuals with heart failure, cancer, diabetes, and other chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Bernacchioni C, Cencetti F, Kwon MJ, Gwak HS, Jeong SK, Bruni P, Donati C. The sphingosine kinase activator K6PC-5 stimulates C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:55-62. [PMID: 21496387 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, K6PC-5, a synthetic derivative of ceramide, was demonstrated to activate sphingosine kinase (SK)-1 in keratinocytes. In this study its potential biological effect in mouse myoblasts was examined. The obtained results show that K6PC-5 promotes myogenic differentiation by enhancing myogenic marker expression, differentiation index and fusion index. Interestingly, its biological action was prevented by pharmacological inhibition of SK or S1P2 receptor, in full agreement with their recognized role in myoblast differentiation. This is the first evidence that pharmacological activation of SK accelerates myogenesis and suggests that this new therapeutic strategy could be possibly employed in skeletal muscle disorders where muscle regeneration is deficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bernacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Università di Firenze; Istituto Interuniversitario di Miologia, Firenze, Italy
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Meacci E, Bini F, Sassoli C, Martinesi M, Squecco R, Chellini F, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Francini F, Formigli L. Functional interaction between TRPC1 channel and connexin-43 protein: a novel pathway underlying S1P action on skeletal myogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:4269-85. [PMID: 20614160 PMCID: PMC11115629 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that skeletal muscle differentiation induced by sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) requires gap junctions and transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) channels. Here, we searched for the signaling pathway linking the channel activity with Cx43 expression/function, investigating the involvement of the Ca(2+)-sensitive protease, m-calpain, and its targets in S1P-induced C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Gene silencing and pharmacological inhibition of TRPC1 significantly reduced Cx43 up-regulation and Cx43/cytoskeletal interaction elicited by S1P. TRPC1-dependent functions were also required for the transient increase of m-calpain activity/expression and the subsequent decrease of PKCα levels. Remarkably, Cx43 expression in S1P-treated myoblasts was reduced by m-calpain-siRNA and enhanced by pharmacological inhibition of classical PKCs, stressing the relevance for calpain/PKCα axis in Cx43 protein remodeling. The contribution of this pathway in myogenesis was also investigated. In conclusion, these findings provide novel mechanisms by which S1P regulates myoblast differentiation and offer interesting therapeutic options to improve skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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Danieli-Betto D, Peron S, Germinario E, Zanin M, Sorci G, Franzoso S, Sandonà D, Betto R. Sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling is involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 298:C550-8. [PMID: 20042733 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00072.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid known to control cell growth that was recently shown to act as a trophic factor for skeletal muscle, reducing the progress of denervation atrophy. The aim of this work was to investigate whether S1P is involved in skeletal muscle fiber recovery (regeneration) after myotoxic injury induced by bupivacaine. The postnatal ability of skeletal muscle to grow and regenerate is dependent on resident stem cells called satellite cells. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that S1P-specific receptors S1P(1) and S1P(3) are expressed by quiescent satellite cells. Soleus muscles undergoing regeneration following injury induced by intramuscular injection of bupivacaine exhibited enhanced expression of S1P(1) receptor, while S1P(3) expression progressively decreased to adult levels. S1P(2) receptor was absent in quiescent cells but was transiently expressed in the early regenerating phases only. Administration of S1P (50 microM) at the moment of myotoxic injury caused a significant increase of the mean cross-sectional area of regenerating fibers in both rat and mouse. In separate experiments designed to test the trophic effects of S1P, neutralization of endogenous circulating S1P by intraperitoneal administration of anti-S1P antibody attenuated fiber growth. Use of selective modulators of S1P receptors indicated that S1P(1) receptor negatively and S1P(3) receptor positively modulate the early phases of regeneration, whereas S1P(2) receptor appears to be less important. The present results show that S1P signaling participates in the regenerative processes of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Danieli-Betto
- Dept. of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Univ. of Padova, Via Marzolo 3, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid that regulates cell proliferation, survival and migration and plays an essential role in angiogenesis and lymphocyte trafficking. S1P levels in the circulation and tissues are tightly regulated for proper cell functioning, and dysregulation of this system may contribute to the pathophysiology of certain human diseases. Sphingosine phosphate lyase (SPL) irreversibly degrades S1P and thereby acts as a gatekeeper that regulates S1P signaling by modulating intracellular S1P levels and the chemical S1P gradient that exists between lymphoid organs and circulating blood and lymph. However, SPL also generates biochemical products that may be relevant in human disease. SPL has been directly implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including cell stress responses, cancer, immunity, hematopoietic function, muscle homeostasis, inflammation and development. OBJECTIVE/METHODS This review summarizes the current know-ledge of SPL structure, function and regulation, its involvement in various disease states and currently available small molecules known to modulate SPL activity. RESULTS/CONCLUSION This review provides evidence that SPL is a potential target for pharmacological manipulation for the treatment of malignant, autoimmune, inflammatory and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute Oakland, CA 94609
| | - Julie D. Saba
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute Oakland, CA 94609
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