1
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Nuclear transfer system for the direct induction of embryonic transcripts from intra- and cross-species nuclei using mouse 4-cell embryos. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101284. [PMID: 35463476 PMCID: PMC9019708 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic nuclei toward the embryonic state has been studied using nuclear transfer (NT) to an oocyte at the metaphase II (MII) stage. In this NT, a somatic nucleus transplanted into an MII oocyte of the same species undergoes DNA replication and cell division before activating embryonic genes. Here, we describe a direct NT protocol using 4-cell stage mouse embryos that enables reprogramming of intra- and cross-species nuclei to express embryonic genes without requiring DNA replication and cell division. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Tomikawa et al. (2021). Protocol to induce embryonic transcription from mammalian differentiated cells Nuclear transfer to mouse 4-cell embryos arrested at G2/M phase Cross-species nuclei are transcriptionally reprogrammed in mouse embryos Detection of newly transcribed genes from multi-species and -strains samples
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2
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Meng G, Fang F, Guo L, Liu W, Lee I, Zhao C. Calcium response of spatially arranged cell networks to shear stress by confined single cell patterned microfluidic chips. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 611:140-145. [PMID: 35489199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts in multicellular organisms are sensitive to fluid shear stress (Fss) and respond smartly with versatile patterns of intracellular calcium signal ([Ca2+]i). In this study, a spatial-single cell patterning method was developed by combining micro-contact printing (μCP) and reversible microfluidic chip mounted with vacuum together. Based on this well-defined patterning platform, it's possible to investigate calcium response to Fss modulated by spatial factors, and to characterize multiple calcium patterns quantitatively in terms of cell spacing and cell orientation. The result showed that the Fss-induced [Ca2+]i profiles revealed oscillational signal patterns in non-connected cells such as those in physical-contacted cells. Close-arrayed osteoblasts showed remarkably more [Ca2+]i oscillations than sparse-arrayed cells. The circular shape of the cells was sensitive to oscillational [Ca2+]i as a potential major cause. The consistency of cell orientation and shear stress promoted temporal homogeneity of calcium oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixian Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Lusheng Guo
- Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Imshik Lee
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and School of Public Health, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China.
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3
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Cell division- and DNA replication-free reprogramming of somatic nuclei for embryonic transcription. iScience 2021; 24:103290. [PMID: 34849463 PMCID: PMC8609233 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transfer systems represent the efficient means to reprogram a cell and in theory provide a basis for investigating the development of endangered species. However, conventional nuclear transfer using oocytes of laboratory animals does not allow reprogramming of cross-species nuclei owing to defects in cell divisions and activation of embryonic genes. Here, we show that somatic nuclei transferred into mouse four-cell embryos arrested at the G2/M phase undergo reprogramming toward the embryonic state. Remarkably, genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming is induced within a day, and ZFP281 is important for this replication-free reprogramming. This system further enables transcriptional reprogramming of cells from Oryx dammah, now extinct in the wild. Thus, our findings indicate that arrested mouse embryos are competent to induce intra- and cross-species reprogramming. The direct induction of embryonic transcripts from diverse genomes paves a unique approach for identifying mechanisms of transcriptional reprogramming and genome activation from a diverse range of species.
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4
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Potassium and Chloride Ion Channels in Cancer: A Novel Paradigm for Cancer Therapeutics. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 183:135-155. [PMID: 34291318 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a collection of diseases caused by specific changes at the genomic level that support cell proliferation indefinitely. Traditionally, ion channels are known to control a variety of cellular processes including electrical signal generation and transmission, secretion, and contraction by controlling ionic gradients. However, recent studies had brought to light important facts on ion channels in cancer biology.In this review we discuss the mechanism linking potassium or chloride ion channel activity to biochemical pathways controlling proliferation in cancer cells and the potential advantages of targeting ion channels as an anticancer therapeutic option.
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5
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Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of serum calcium channel α2δ1 subunit in hepatocellular carcinoma-related cirrhosis. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-020-00053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest malignancies worldwide that carries a bad prognosis particularly in Egypt due to the high prevalence of HCV burden. Late diagnosis of HCC especially in cirrhosis suffering-liver is one of the causes that worsen HCC outcome. Identification of molecular pathways of HCC will open the gate for early diagnosis and effective management. Oscillation of calcium controlled by the α2δ1 subunit has been proposed as one of the mechanisms in tumor-initiating cell properties of HCC. In this study, we aim to evaluate the serum α2δ1 subunit level as a biological marker for HCC. A total of 90 participants were enrolled, 40 patients with HCC, 40 patients with cirrhosis, and 10 healthy volunteers; serum level of α2δ1 was assessed in all participants with ELISA
Results
The mean serum levels of α2δ1 were significantly higher in HCC group (19.53 ± 6.87 ng/dL) than cirrhotic (6.24 ± 2.64 ng/dL) and control groups (0.67 ± 0.48 ng/dL) (P = 0.001). There was no significance between α2δ1 and etiology of liver disease as viral (HCV, HBV) or non-viral (P = 0.14).
Conclusion
α2δ1 subunit may serve as a potential non-invasive marker with excellent sensitivity for diagnosis of HCC regardless of the etiology of liver disease.
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6
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Snoeck HW. Calcium regulation of stem cells. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50028. [PMID: 32419314 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent and post-natal, tissue-specific stem cells share functional features such as the capacity to differentiate into multiple lineages and to self-renew, and are endowed with specific cell maintenance mechanism as well as transcriptional and epigenetic signatures that determine stem cell identity and distinguish them from their progeny. Calcium is a highly versatile and ubiquitous second messenger that regulates a wide variety of cellular functions. Specific roles of calcium in stem cell niches and stem cell maintenance mechanisms are only beginning to be explored, however. In this review, I discuss stem cell-specific regulation and roles of calcium, focusing on its potential involvement in the intertwined metabolic and epigenetic regulation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Columbia Center of Human Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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7
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MacDougall MS, Clarke R, Merrill BJ. Intracellular Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Nuclear Export Mediate Exit from Naive Pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:210-224.e6. [PMID: 31104942 PMCID: PMC6685429 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Progression through states of pluripotency is required for cells in early mammalian embryos to transition away from heightened self-renewal and toward competency for lineage specification. Here, we use a CRISPR mutagenesis screen in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to identify unexpected roles for nuclear export and intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis during the exit out of the naive state of pluripotency. Mutation of a plasma membrane Ca2+ pump encoded by Atp2b1 increased intracellular Ca2+ such that it overcame effects of intracellular Ca2+ reduction, which is required for naive exit. Persistent self-renewal of ESCs was supported both in Atp2b1-/-Tcf7l1-/- double-knockout ESCs passaged in defined media alone (no LIF or inhibitors) and in wild-type cells passaged in media containing only calcitonin and a GSK3 inhibitor. These new findings suggest a central role for intracellular Ca2+ in safeguarding naive pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S MacDougall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Ryan Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Bradley J Merrill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; Genome Editing Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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8
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Stovall KE, Tran TDN, Suantawee T, Yao S, Gimble JM, Adisakwattana S, Cheng H. Adenosine triphosphate enhances osteoblast differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells via the PLC-IP 3 pathway and intracellular Ca 2+ signaling. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1723-1732. [PMID: 31301074 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signals are essential for stem cell function and play a significant role in the differentiation process. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a potential source of stem cells; however, the mechanisms controlling cell differentiation remain largely unknown. Utilizing rat DPSCs, we examined the effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on osteoblast differentiation and characterized its mechanism of action using real-time Ca 2+ imaging analysis. Our results revealed that ATP enhanced osteogenesis as indicated by Ca 2+ deposition in the extracellular matrix via Alizarin Red S staining. This was consistent with upregulation of osteoblast genes BMP2, Mmp13, Col3a1, Ctsk, Flt1, and Bgn. Stimulation of DPSCs with ATP (1-300 µM) increased intracellular Ca 2+ signals in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas histamine, acetylcholine, arginine vasopressin, carbachol, and stromal-cell-derived factor-1α failed to do so. Depletion of intracellular Ca 2+ stores in the endoplasmic reticulum by thapsigargin abolished the ATP responses which, nevertheless, remained detectable under extracellular Ca 2+ free condition. Furthermore, the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122 and the inositol triphosphate (IP 3 ) receptor inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate inhibited the Ca 2+ signals. Our findings provide a better understanding of how ATP controls osteogenesis in DPSCs, which involves a Ca 2+ -dependent mechanism via the PLC-IP 3 pathway. This knowledge could help improve osteogenic differentiation protocols for tissue regeneration of bone structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie E Stovall
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Tran D N Tran
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Tanyawan Suantawee
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans Bioinnovation Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Center for Stem Cell Research & Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Henrique Cheng
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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9
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Mechanosensitive channels and their functions in stem cell differentiation. Exp Cell Res 2018; 374:259-265. [PMID: 30500393 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells continuously perceive and respond to various environmental signals during development, tissue homeostasis, and pathological conditions. Mechanical force, one of the fundamental signals in the physical world, plays a vital role in the regulation of multiple functions of stem cells. The importance of cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM), cell-cell junctions, and a mechanoresponsive cell cytoskeleton has been under intensive study in the fields of stem cell biology and mechanobiology. However, the involvement of mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels in the mechanical regulation of stem cell activity has just begun to be realized. Here, we review the diversity and importance of mechanosensitive channels (MSCs), and discuss recently discovered functions of MSCs in stem cell regulation, especially in the determination of cell fate.
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10
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Razlivanov I, Liew T, Moore EW, Al-Kathiri A, Bartram T, Kuvshinov D, Nikolaev A. Long-term imaging of calcium dynamics using genetically encoded calcium indicators and automatic tracking of cultured cells. Biotechniques 2018; 65:37-39. [PMID: 30014737 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2018-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium dynamics is crucial for many signaling pathways and cell functions. Understanding how calcium regulates cell function often requires long-term imaging of calcium dynamics. Here we report a methodological approach of long-term (5-10 h) imaging of calcium dynamics in cultured cells. The approach links calcium imaging using genetically encoded calcium indicators and semi-automatic tracking of individual cells. It can be used in a large variety of situations, ranging from the role of calcium in biological processes to cell heterogeneity and screening of drugs modifying signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Razlivanov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Teresa Liew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Eira Watts Moore
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Alaa Al-Kathiri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Tayma Bartram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Dmitriy Kuvshinov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Anton Nikolaev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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11
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Wang YJ, Huang J, Liu W, Kou X, Tang H, Wang H, Yu X, Gao S, Ouyang K, Yang HT. IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signals govern hematopoietic and cardiac divergence of Flk1+ cells via the calcineurin-NFATc3-Etv2 pathway. J Mol Cell Biol 2018; 9:274-288. [PMID: 28419336 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signals participate in various cellular processes with spatial and temporal dynamics, among which, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs)-mediated Ca2+ signals are essential for early development. However, the underlying mechanisms of IP3R-regulated cell fate decision remain largely unknown. Here we report that IP3Rs are required for the hematopoietic and cardiac fate divergence of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Deletion of IP3Rs (IP3R-tKO) reduced Flk1+/PDGFRα- hematopoietic mesoderm, c-Kit+/CD41+ hematopoietic progenitor cell population, and the colony-forming unit activity, but increased cardiac progenitor markers as well as cardiomyocytes. Concomitantly, the expression of a key regulator of hematopoiesis, Etv2, was reduced in IP3R-tKO cells, which could be rescued by the activation of Ca2+ signals and calcineurin or overexpression of constitutively active form of NFATc3. Furthermore, IP3R-tKO impaired specific targeting of Etv2 by NFATc3 via its evolutionarily conserved cis-element in differentiating ESCs. Importantly, the activation of Ca2+-calcineurin-NFAT pathway reversed the phenotype of IP3R-tKO cells. These findings reveal an unrecognized governing role of IP3Rs in hematopoietic and cardiac fate commitment via IP3Rs-Ca2+-calcineurin-NFATc3-Etv2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jijun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaochen Kou
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huayuan Tang
- Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiujian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
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12
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Functional expression of the Ca 2+ signaling machinery in human embryonic stem cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2017; 38:1663-1672. [PMID: 28713161 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that Ca2+ signals are important for the self-renewal and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). However, little is known about the physiological and pharmacological properties of the Ca2+-handling machinery in hESCs. In this study we used RT-PCR and Western blotting to analyze the expression profiles of genes encoding Ca2+-handling proteins; we also used confocal Ca2+ imaging and pharmacological approaches to determine the contribution of the Ca2+-handling machinery to the regulation of Ca2+ signaling in hESCs. We revealed that hESCs expressed pluripotent markers and various Ca2+-handling-related genes. ATP-induced Ca2+ transients in almost all hESCs were inhibited by the inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) blocker 2-APB or xestospongin C. In addition, Ca2+ transients were induced by a ryanodine receptor (RyR) activator, caffeine, in 10%-15% of hESCs and were blocked by ryanodine, whereas caffeine and ATP did not have additive effects. Moreover, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) but not voltage-operated Ca2+ channel-mediated Ca2+ entry was observed. Inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) by thapsigargin induced a significant increase in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). For the Ca2+ extrusion pathway, inhibition of plasma membrane Ca2+ pumps (PMCAs) by carboxyeosin induced a slow increase in [Ca2+]i, whereas the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) inhibitor KBR7943 induced a rapid increase in [Ca2+]i. Taken together, increased [Ca2+]i is mainly mediated by Ca2+ release from intracellular stores via IP3Rs. In addition, RyRs function in a portion of hESCs, thus indicating heterogeneity of the Ca2+-signaling machinery in hESCs; maintenance of low [Ca2+]i is mediated by uptake of cytosolic Ca2+ into the ER via SERCA and extrusion of Ca2+ out of cells via NCX and PMCA in hESCs.
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13
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Abstract
The calcium signal is a powerful and multifaceted tool by which cells can achieve specific outcomes. Cellular machinery important in tumour progression is often driven or influenced by changes in calcium ions; in some cases this regulation occurs within spatially defined regions. Over the past decade there has been a deeper understanding of how calcium signalling is remodelled in some cancers and the consequences of calcium signalling on key events such as proliferation, invasion and sensitivity to cell death. Specific calcium signalling pathways have also now been identified as playing important roles in the establishment and maintenance of multidrug resistance and the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Monteith
- The School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1003, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, and Universite de Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, F-59650, France
| | - Sarah J Roberts-Thomson
- The School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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14
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Chan HYS, Cheung MC, Gao Y, Miller AL, Webb SE. Expression and reconstitution of the bioluminescent Ca(2+) reporter aequorin in human embryonic stem cells, and exploration of the presence of functional IP3 and ryanodine receptors during the early stages of their differentiation into cardiomyocytes. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:811-24. [PMID: 27430888 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-5094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop a novel method of visualizing possible Ca(2+) signaling during the early differentiation of hESCs into cardiomyocytes and avoid some of the inherent problems associated with using fluorescent reporters, we expressed the bioluminescent Ca(2+) reporter, apo-aequorin, in HES2 cells and then reconstituted active holo-aequorin by incubation with f-coelenterazine. The temporal nature of the Ca(2+) signals generated by the holo-f-aequorin-expressing HES2 cells during the earliest stages of differentiation into cardiomyocytes was then investigated. Our data show that no endogenous Ca(2+) transients (generated by release from intracellular stores) were detected in 1-12-day-old cardiospheres but transients were generated in cardiospheres following stimulation with KCl or CaCl2, indicating that holo-f-aequorin was functional in these cells. Furthermore, following the addition of exogenous ATP, an inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) agonist, small Ca(2+) transients were generated from day 1 onward. That ATP was inducing Ca(2+) release from functional IP3Rs was demonstrated by treatment with 2-APB, a known IP3R antagonist. In contrast, following treatment with caffeine, a ryanodine receptor (RyR) agonist, a minimal Ca(2+) response was observed at day 8 of differentiation only. Thus, our data indicate that unlike RyRs, IP3Rs are present and continually functional at these early stages of cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Y S Chan
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Chun Cheung
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew L Miller
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Sarah E Webb
- Division of Life Science & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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15
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Cortical neurons gradually attain a post-mitotic state. Cell Res 2016; 26:1033-47. [PMID: 27325298 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2016.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Once generated, neurons are thought to permanently exit the cell cycle and become irreversibly differentiated. However, neither the precise point at which this post-mitotic state is attained nor the extent of its irreversibility is clearly defined. Here we report that newly born neurons from the upper layers of the mouse cortex, despite initiating axon and dendrite elongation, continue to drive gene expression from the neural progenitor tubulin α1 promoter (Tα1p). These observations suggest an ambiguous post-mitotic neuronal state. Whole transcriptome analysis of sorted upper cortical neurons further revealed that neurons continue to express genes related to cell cycle progression long after mitotic exit until at least post-natal day 3 (P3). These genes are however down-regulated thereafter, associated with a concomitant up-regulation of tumor suppressors at P5. Interestingly, newly born neurons located in the cortical plate (CP) at embryonic day 18-19 (E18-E19) and P3 challenged with calcium influx are found in S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle, and still able to undergo division at E18-E19 but not at P3. At P5 however, calcium influx becomes neurotoxic and leads instead to neuronal loss. Our data delineate an unexpected flexibility of cell cycle control in early born neurons, and describe how neurons transit to a post-mitotic state.
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16
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Lo IC, Chan HC, Qi Z, Ng KL, So C, Tsang SY. TRPV3 Channel Negatively Regulates Cell Cycle Progression and Safeguards the Pluripotency of Embryonic Stem Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:403-13. [PMID: 26130157 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have tremendous potential for research and future therapeutic purposes. However, the calcium handling mechanism in ESCs is not fully elucidated. Aims of this study are (1) to investigate if transient receptor potential vanilloid-3 (TRPV3) channels are present in mouse ESCs (mESCs) and their subcellular localization; (2) to investigate the role of TRPV3 in maintaining the characteristics of mESCs. Western blot and immunocytochemistry showed that TRPV3 was present at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of mESCs. Calcium imaging showed that, in the absence of extracellular calcium, TRPV3 activators camphor and 6-tert-butyl-m-cresol increased the cytosolic calcium. However, depleting the ER store in advance of activator addition abolished the calcium increase, suggesting that TRPV3 released calcium from the ER. To dissect the functional role of TRPV3, TRPV3 was activated and mESC proliferation was measured by trypan blue exclusion and MTT assays. The results showed that TRPV3 activation led to a decrease in mESC proliferation. Cell cycle analysis revealed that TRPV3 activation increased the percentage of cells in G2 /M phase; consistently, Western blot also revealed a concomitant increase in the expression of inactive form of cyclin-dependent kinase 1, suggesting that TRPV3 activation arrested mESCs at G2 /M phase. TRPV3 activation did not alter the expression of pluripotency markers Oct-4, Klf4 and c-Myc, suggesting that the pluripotency was preserved. Our study is the first study to show the presence of TRPV3 at ER. Our study also reveals the novel role of TRPV3 in controlling the cell cycle and preserving the pluripotency of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iek Chi Lo
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hing Chung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Zenghua Qi
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kwun Lam Ng
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chun So
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Suk Ying Tsang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Centre of Novel Biomaterials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Hao B, Webb SE, Miller AL, Yue J. The role of Ca(2+) signaling on the self-renewal and neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Cell Calcium 2016; 59:67-74. [PMID: 26973143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are promising resources for both scientific research and clinical regenerative medicine. With regards to the latter, ESCs are especially useful for treating several neurodegenerative disorders. Two significant characteristics of ESCs, which make them so valuable, are their capacity for self-renewal and their pluripotency, both of which are regulated by the integration of various signaling pathways. Intracellular Ca(2+) signaling is involved in several of these pathways. It is known to be precisely controlled by different Ca(2+) channels and pumps, which play an important role in a variety of cellular activities, including proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Here, we provide a review of the recent work conducted to investigate the function of Ca(2+) signaling in the self-renewal and the neural differentiation of ESCs. Specifically, we describe the role of intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization mediated by RyRs (ryanodine receptors); by cADPR (cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribose) and CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38/cADPR hydrolase); and by NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate) and TPC2 (two pore channel 2). We also discuss the Ca(2+) influx mediated by SOCs (store-operated Ca(2+) channels), TRPCs (transient receptor potential cation channels) and LTCC (L-type Ca(2+) channels) in the pluripotent ESCs as well as in neural differentiation of ESCs. Moreover, we describe the integration of Ca(2+) signaling in the other signaling pathways that are known to regulate the fate of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixia Hao
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah E Webb
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew L Miller
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Calcium signaling in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:117-23. [PMID: 26922096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells provide new tools for developmental and pharmacological studies as well as for regenerative medicine applications. Calcium homeostasis and ligand-dependent calcium signaling are key components of major cellular responses, including cell proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. Interestingly, these phenomena have not been characterized in detail as yet in pluripotent human cell sates. Here we review the methods applicable for studying both short- and long-term calcium responses, focusing on the expression of fluorescent calcium indicator proteins and imaging methods as applied in pluripotent human stem cells. We discuss the potential regulatory pathways involving calcium responses in hPS cells and compare these to the implicated pathways in mouse PS cells. A recent development in the stem cell field is the recognition of so called "naïve" states, resembling the earliest potential forms of stem cells during development, as well as the "fuzzy" stem cells, which may be alternative forms of pluripotent cell types, therefore we also discuss the potential role of calcium homeostasis in these PS cell types.
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19
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Vasopressin-induced Ca(2+) signals in human adipose-derived stem cells. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:135-9. [PMID: 26830970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) signals are essential for stem cell differentiation due to their ability to control signaling pathways involved in this process. Arginine vasopression (AVP) is a neurohypophyseal hormone that increases intracellular Ca(2+) concentration during adipogenesis via V1a receptors, Gq-proteins and the PLC-IP3 pathway in human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs). These Ca(2+) signals originate through calcium release from pools within the endoplasmic reticulum and the extracellular space. AVP supplementation to the adipogenic media inhibits adipogenesis and key adipocyte marker genes. This review focuses on the intersection between AVP, Ca(2+) signals and ASC differentiation.
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20
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Shimba K, Iida S, Kotani K, Jimbo Y. Cell-cycle-dependent Ca2+ transients in human induced pluripotent stem cells revealed by a simultaneous imaging of cell nuclei and intracellular Ca2+ level. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:985-990. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00074f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous imaging of cell nuclei and intracellular Ca2+ level revealed that human iPS cells exhibited cell cycle-dependent Ca2+ transients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Shimba
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
- School of Engineering
| | - Shoko Iida
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kotani
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
- PRESTO
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamolina Ghosh
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Deb Shankar Ray
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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22
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Qi Y, Qi Z, Li Z, Wong CK, So C, Lo IC, Huang Y, Yao X, Tsang SY. Role of TRPV1 in the Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26208267 PMCID: PMC4514823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) is an important signal that regulates cardiomyocyte differentiation during cardiogenesis. TRPV1 is a Ca2+-permeable channel that is expressed in cardiomyocytes. In the present study, we utilized mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (mESC-CMs) as a model to investigate the functional role of TRPV1 in cardiomyocyte differentiation. Induction of embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes was achieved using embryoid body (EB)-based differentiation method. Quantitative PCRs showed an increased TRPV1 expression during the differentiation process. In [Ca2+]i measurement study, application of TRPV1 agonists, capsaicin and camphor, elicited a [Ca2+]i rise in mESC-CMs, the effect of which was abolished by TRPV1-shRNA. In functional study, treatment of EBs with TRPV1 antagonists (capsazepine and SB366791) and TRPV1-shRNA reduced the size of the EBs and decreased the percentage of spontaneously beating EBs. TRPV1 antagonists and TRPV1-shRNA also suppressed the expression of cardiomyocyte marker genes, including cardiac actin, c-TnT, c-TnI, and α-MHC. Taken together, this study demonstrated an important functional role of TRPV1 channels in the differentiation of mESCs into cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zenghua Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Kit Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun So
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Iek-Chi Lo
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail: (SYT); (XY)
| | - Suk-Ying Tsang
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre of Novel Biomaterials, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail: (SYT); (XY)
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23
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Tran TDN, Yao S, Hsu WH, Gimble JM, Bunnell BA, Cheng H. Arginine vasopressin inhibits adipogenesis in human adipose-derived stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 406:1-9. [PMID: 25697345 PMCID: PMC4752440 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) signaling is important for stem cell differentiation and there is evidence it may coordinate the process. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide hormone secreted mostly from the posterior pituitary gland and increases Ca(2+) signals mainly via V1 receptors. However, the role of AVP in adipogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) is unknown. In this study, we identified the V1a receptor gene in hASCs and demonstrated that AVP stimulation increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration during adipogenesis. This effect was mediated via V1a receptors, Gq-proteins and the PLC-IP3 pathway. These Ca(2+) signals were due to endoplasmic reticulum release and influx from the extracellular space. Furthermore, AVP supplementation to the adipogenic medium decreased the number of adipocytes and adipocyte marker genes during differentiation. The effect of AVP on adipocyte formation was reversed by the V1a receptor blocker V2255. These findings suggested that AVP may function to inhibit adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran D N Tran
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Shaomian Yao
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Walter H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gimble
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine and Division of Regenerative Medicine of Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Henrique Cheng
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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Abstract
This review article discusses the mechanisms of cardiomyogenesis in the adult heart. They include the re-entry of cardiomyocytes into the cell cycle; dedifferentiation of pre-existing cardiomyocytes, which assume an immature replicating cell phenotype; transdifferentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into cardiomyocytes; and cardiomyocytes derived from activation and lineage specification of resident cardiac stem cells. The recognition of the origin of cardiomyocytes is of critical importance for the development of strategies capable of enhancing the growth response of the myocardium; in fact, cell therapy for the decompensated heart has to be based on the acquisition of this fundamental biological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarosa Leri
- From the Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Marcello Rota
- From the Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Francesco S Pasqualini
- From the Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Polina Goichberg
- From the Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Piero Anversa
- From the Departments of Anesthesia and Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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25
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Wee S, Niklasson M, Marinescu VD, Segerman A, Schmidt L, Hermansson A, Dirks P, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Westermark B, Uhrbom L, Linnarsson S, Nelander S, Andäng M. Selective calcium sensitivity in immature glioma cancer stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115698. [PMID: 25531110 PMCID: PMC4274094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells are a subpopulation in aggressive cancers that exhibit traits shared with stem cells, including the ability to self-renew and differentiate, commonly referred to as stemness. In addition, such cells are resistant to chemo- and radiation therapy posing a therapeutic challenge. To uncover stemness-associated functions in glioma-initiating cells (GICs), transcriptome profiles were compared to neural stem cells (NSCs) and gene ontology analysis identified an enrichment of Ca2+ signaling genes in NSCs and the more stem-like (NSC-proximal) GICs. Functional analysis in a set of different GIC lines regarding sensitivity to disturbed homeostasis using A23187 and Thapsigargin, revealed that NSC-proximal GICs were more sensitive, corroborating the transcriptome data. Furthermore, Ca2+ drug sensitivity was reduced in GICs after differentiation, with most potent effect in the NSC-proximal GIC, supporting a stemness-associated Ca2+ sensitivity. NSCs and the NSC-proximal GIC line expressed a larger number of ion channels permeable to potassium, sodium and Ca2+. Conversely, a higher number of and higher expression levels of Ca2+ binding genes that may buffer Ca2+, were expressed in NSC-distal GICs. In particular, expression of the AMPA glutamate receptor subunit GRIA1, was found to associate with Ca2+ sensitive NSC-proximal GICs, and decreased as GICs differentiated along with reduced Ca2+ drug sensitivity. The correlation between high expression of Ca2+ channels (such as GRIA1) and sensitivity to Ca2+ drugs was confirmed in an additional nine novel GIC lines. Calcium drug sensitivity also correlated with expression of the NSC markers nestin (NES) and FABP7 (BLBP, brain lipid-binding protein) in this extended analysis. In summary, NSC-associated NES+/FABP7+/GRIA1+ GICs were selectively sensitive to disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis, providing a potential target mechanism for eradication of an immature population of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Wee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Niklasson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Voichita Dana Marinescu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Segerman
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linnéa Schmidt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Hermansson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Dirks
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karin Forsberg-Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Westermark
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lene Uhrbom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Andäng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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26
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Histamine-induced Ca²⁺ signalling is mediated by TRPM4 channels in human adipose-derived stem cells. Biochem J 2014; 463:123-34. [PMID: 25001294 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ oscillations are frequently observed during stem cell differentiation, and there is evidence that it may control adipogenesis. The transient receptor potential melastatin 4 channel (TRPM4) is a key regulator of Ca2+ signals in excitable and non-excitable cells. However, its role in human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs), in particular during adipogenesis, is unknown. We have investigated TRPM4 in hASCs and examined its impact on histamine-induced Ca2+ signalling and adipogenesis. Using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR, we have identified TRPM4 gene expression in hASCs and human adipose tissue. Electrophysiological recordings revealed currents with the characteristics of those reported for the channel. Furthermore, molecular suppression of TRPM4 with shRNA diminished the Ca2+ signals generated by histamine stimulation, mainly via histamine receptor 1 (H1) receptors. The increases in intracellular Ca2+ were due to influx via voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) of the L-type (Ca(v)1.2) and release from the endoplasmic reticulum. Inhibition of TRPM4 by shRNA inhibited adipogenesis as indicated by the reduction in lipid droplet accumulation and adipocyte gene expression. These results suggest that TRPM4 is an important regulator of Ca2+ signals generated by histamine in hASCs and is required for adipogenesis.
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Youngblood BA, Grozdanov PN, MacDonald CC. CstF-64 supports pluripotency and regulates cell cycle progression in embryonic stem cells through histone 3' end processing. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:8330-42. [PMID: 24957598 PMCID: PMC4117776 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) exhibit a unique cell cycle with a shortened G1 phase that supports their pluripotency, while apparently buffering them against pro-differentiation stimuli. In ESCs, expression of replication-dependent histones is a main component of this abbreviated G1 phase, although the details of this mechanism are not well understood. Similarly, the role of 3' end processing in regulation of ESC pluripotency and cell cycle is poorly understood. To better understand these processes, we examined mouse ESCs that lack the 3' end-processing factor CstF-64. These ESCs display slower growth, loss of pluripotency and a lengthened G1 phase, correlating with increased polyadenylation of histone mRNAs. Interestingly, these ESCs also express the τCstF-64 paralog of CstF-64. However, τCstF-64 only partially compensates for lost CstF-64 function, despite being recruited to the histone mRNA 3' end-processing complex. Reduction of τCstF-64 in CstF-64-deficient ESCs results in even greater levels of histone mRNA polyadenylation, suggesting that both CstF-64 and τCstF-64 function to inhibit polyadenylation of histone mRNAs. These results suggest that CstF-64 plays a key role in modulating the cell cycle in ESCs while simultaneously controlling histone mRNA 3' end processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford A Youngblood
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430-6540, USA
| | - Petar N Grozdanov
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430-6540, USA
| | - Clinton C MacDonald
- Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430-6540, USA
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Purinergic signalling is required for calcium oscillations in migratory chondrogenic progenitor cells. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:429-42. [PMID: 24841338 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of chronic musculoskeletal disorders. A migratory stem cell population termed chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPC) with in vitro chondrogenic potential was previously isolated from OA cartilage. Since intracellular Ca(2+) signalling is an important regulator of chondrogenesis, we aimed to provide a detailed understanding of the Ca(2+) homeostasis of CPCs. In this work, CPCs immortalised by lentiviral administration of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and grown in monolayer cultures were studied. Expressions of all three IP3Rs were confirmed, but no RyR subtypes were detected. Ca(2+) oscillations observed in CPCs were predominantly dependent on Ca(2+) release and store replenishment via store-operated Ca(2+) entry; CPCs express both STIM1 and Orai1 proteins. Expressions of adenosine receptor mRNAs were verified, and adenosine elicited Ca(2+) transients. Various P2 receptor subtypes were identified; P2Y1 can bind ADP; P2Y4 is targeted by UTP; and ATP may evoke Ca(2+) transients via detected P2X subtypes, as well as P2Y1 and P2Y2. Enzymatic breakdown of extracellular nucleotides by apyrase completely abrogated Ca(2+) oscillations, suggesting that an autocrine/paracrine purinergic mechanism may drive Ca(2+) oscillations in these cells. As CPCs possess a broad spectrum of functional molecular elements of Ca(2+) signalling, Ca(2+)-dependent regulatory mechanisms can be supposed to influence their differentiation potential.
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29
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Glaser T, de Oliveira SLB, Cheffer A, Beco R, Martins P, Fornazari M, Lameu C, Junior HMC, Coutinho-Silva R, Ulrich H. Modulation of mouse embryonic stem cell proliferation and neural differentiation by the P2X7 receptor. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96281. [PMID: 24798220 PMCID: PMC4010452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel developmental functions have been attributed to the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) including proliferation stimulation and neural differentiation. Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC), induced with retinoic acid to neural differentiation, closely assemble processes occurring during neuroectodermal development of the early embryo. Principal Findings P2X7R expression together with the pluripotency marker Oct-4 was highest in undifferentiated ESC. In undifferentiated cells, the P2X7R agonist Bz-ATP accelerated cell cycle entry, which was blocked by the specific P2X7R inhibitor KN-62. ESC induced to neural differentiation with retinoic acid, reduced Oct-4 and P2X7R expression. P2X7R receptor-promoted intracellular calcium fluxes were obtained at lower Bz-ATP ligand concentrations in undifferentiated and in neural-differentiated cells compared to other studies. The presence of KN-62 led to increased number of cells expressing SSEA-1, Dcx and β3-tubulin, as well as the number of SSEA-1 and β3-tubulin-double-positive cells confirming that onset of neuroectodermal differentiation and neuronal fate determination depends on suppression of P2X7R activity. Moreover, an increase in the number of Ki-67 positive cells in conditions of P2X7R inhibition indicates rescue of progenitors into the cell cycle, augmenting the number of neuroblasts and consequently neurogenesis. Conclusions In embryonic cells, P2X7R expression and activity is upregulated, maintaining proliferation, while upon induction to neural differentiation P2X7 receptor expression and activity needs to be suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Glaser
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - Arquimedes Cheffer
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Renata Beco
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Maynara Fornazari
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Claudiana Lameu
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Helio Miranda Costa Junior
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho-Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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BMP-2 overexpression augments vascular smooth muscle cell motility by upregulating myosin Va via Erk signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:294150. [PMID: 24790701 PMCID: PMC3980867 DOI: 10.1155/2014/294150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The disruption of physiologic vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration initiates atherosclerosis development. The biochemical mechanisms leading to dysfunctional VSMC motility remain unknown. Recently, cytokine BMP-2 has been implicated in various vascular physiologic and pathologic processes. However, whether BMP-2 has any effect upon VSMC motility, or by what manner, has never been investigated. Methods. VSMCs were adenovirally transfected to genetically overexpress BMP-2. VSMC motility was detected by modified Boyden chamber assay, confocal time-lapse video assay, and a colony wounding assay. Gene chip array and RT-PCR were employed to identify genes potentially regulated by BMP-2. Western blot and real-time PCR detected the expression of myosin Va and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed myosin Va expression locale. Intracellular Ca2+ oscillations were recorded. Results. VSMC migration was augmented in VSMCs overexpressing BMP-2 in a dose-dependent manner. siRNA-mediated knockdown of myosin Va inhibited VSMC motility. Both myosin Va mRNA and protein expression significantly increased after BMP-2 administration and were inhibited by Erk1/2 inhibitor U0126. BMP-2 induced Ca2+ oscillations, generated largely by a “cytosolic oscillator”. Conclusion. BMP-2 significantly increased VSMCs migration and myosin Va expression, via the Erk signaling pathway and intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. We provide additional insight into the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, and inhibition of BMP-2-induced myosin Va expression may represent a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Kapoor N, Maxwell JT, Mignery GA, Will D, Blatter LA, Banach K. Spatially defined InsP3-mediated signaling in embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e83715. [PMID: 24409283 PMCID: PMC3883750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) signaling in cardiomyocytes is not entirely understood but it was linked to an increased propensity for triggered activity. The aim of this study was to determine how InsP3 receptors can translate Ca(2+) release into a depolarization of the plasma membrane and consequently arrhythmic activity. We used embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ESdCs) as a model system since their spontaneous electrical activity depends on InsP3-mediated Ca(2+) release. [InsP3]i was monitored with the FRET-based InsP3-biosensor FIRE-1 (Fluorescent InsP3 Responsive Element) and heterogeneity in sub-cellular [InsP3]i was achieved by targeted expression of FIRE-1 in the nucleus (FIRE-1nuc) or expression of InsP3 5-phosphatase (m43) localized to the plasma membrane. Spontaneous activity of ESdCs was monitored simultaneously as cytosolic Ca(2+) transients (Fluo-4/AM) and action potentials (current clamp). During diastole, the diastolic depolarization was paralleled by an increase of [Ca(2+)]i and spontaneous activity was modulated by [InsP3]i. A 3.7% and 1.7% increase of FIRE-1 FRET ratio and 3.0 and 1.5 fold increase in beating frequency was recorded upon stimulation with endothelin-1 (ET-1, 100 nmol/L) or phenylephrine (PE, 10 µmol/L), respectively. Buffering of InsP3 by FIRE-1nuc had no effect on the basal frequency while attenuation of InsP3 signaling throughout the cell (FIRE-1), or at the plasma membrane (m43) resulted in a 53.7% and 54.0% decrease in beating frequency. In m43 expressing cells the response to ET-1 was completely suppressed. Ca(2+) released from InsP3Rs is more effective than Ca(2+) released from RyRs to enhance INCX. The results support the hypothesis that in ESdCs InsP3Rs form a functional signaling domain with NCX that translates Ca(2+) release efficiently into a depolarization of the membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Kapoor
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua T. Maxwell
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Mignery
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David Will
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Dept. of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lothar A. Blatter
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kathrin Banach
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Dept. of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Borowiec AS, Bidaux G, Pigat N, Goffin V, Bernichtein S, Capiod T. Calcium channels, external calcium concentration and cell proliferation. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 739:19-25. [PMID: 24291106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for a role for calcium channel proteins in cell proliferation is numerous suggesting that calcium influx is essential in this physiological process. Several studies in the past thirty years have demonstrated that calcium channel expression levels are determinant in cell proliferation. Voltage-gated, store-operated, second messengers and receptor-operated calcium channels have been associated to cell proliferation. However, the relationship between calcium influx and cell proliferation can be uncoupled in transformed and cancer cells, resulting in an external calcium-independent proliferation. Thus, protein expression could be more important than channel function to trigger cell proliferation suggesting that additional channel functions may be responsible to reconcile calcium channel expression and cell proliferation. When needed, external calcium concentration is obviously important for calcium channel function but it also regulates calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) activity. CaSR can up- or down-regulate cell proliferation depending on physiological conditions. CaSR sensitivity to external calcium is within the 0.5 to 5 mM range and therefore, the role of these receptors in cell proliferation must be taken into account. We therefore suggest here that cell proliferation rates could depend on the relative balance between calcium influx and CaSR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Bidaux
- INSERM U1003, LabEx ICST, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq F-59655, France
| | - Natascha Pigat
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Bâtiment Leriche, 96 rue Didot, Paris F-75993, France
| | - Vincent Goffin
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Bâtiment Leriche, 96 rue Didot, Paris F-75993, France
| | - Sophie Bernichtein
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Bâtiment Leriche, 96 rue Didot, Paris F-75993, France
| | - Thierry Capiod
- INSERM U845, Research Center Growth and Signalling Research Center, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, Bâtiment Leriche, 96 rue Didot, Paris F-75993, France.
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Abstract
We derive the conditions under which a set of arbitrary two dimensional autonomous kinetic equations can be reduced to the form of a generalized Rayleigh oscillator which admits of limit cycle solution. This is based on a linear transformation of field variables which can be found by inspection of the kinetic equations. We illustrate the scheme with the help of several chemical and bio-chemical oscillator models to show how they can be cast as a generalized Rayleigh oscillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamolina Ghosh
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Kemény LV, Schnúr A, Czepán M, Rakonczay Z, Gál E, Lonovics J, Lázár G, Simonka Z, Venglovecz V, Maléth J, Judák L, Németh IB, Szabó K, Almássy J, Virág L, Geisz A, Tiszlavicz L, Yule DI, Wittmann T, Varró A, Hegyi P. Na+/Ca2+ exchangers regulate the migration and proliferation of human gastric myofibroblasts. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G552-63. [PMID: 23907822 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00394.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal myofibroblasts are contractile, electrically nonexcitable, transitional cells that play a role in extracellular matrix production, in ulcer healing, and in pathophysiological conditions they contribute to chronic inflammation and tumor development. Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX) are known to have a crucial role in Ca2+ homeostasis of contractile cells, however, no information is available concerning the role of NCX in the proliferation and migration of gastrointestinal myofibroblasts. In this study, our aim was to investigate the role of NCX in the Ca2+ homeostasis, migration, and proliferation of human gastrointestinal myofibroblasts, focusing on human gastric myofibroblasts (HGMs). We used microfluorometric measurements to investigate the intracellular Ca2+ and Na+ concentrations, PCR analysis and immunostaining to show the presence of the NCX, patch clamp for measuring NCX activity, and proliferation and migration assays to investigate the functional role of the exchanger. We showed that 53.0±8.1% of the HGMs present Ca2+ oscillations, which depend on extracellular Ca2+ and Na+, and can be inhibited by NCX inhibitors. NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3 were expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in HGMs, and they contribute to the intracellular Ca2+ and Na+ homeostasis as well, regardless of the oscillatory activity. NCX inhibitors significantly blocked the basal and insulin-like growth factor II-stimulated migration and proliferation rates of HGMs. In conclusion, we showed that NCX plays a pivotal role in regulating the Ca2+ homeostasis, migration, and proliferation of HGMs. The inhibition of NCX activity may be a potential therapeutic target in hyperproliferative gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos V Kemény
- First Dept. of Medicine, Univ. of Szeged, H-6720, Korányi fasor 8-10, Szeged, Hungary.
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35
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Morgan PJ, Hübner R, Rolfs A, Frech MJ. Spontaneous Calcium Transients in Human Neural Progenitor Cells Mediated by Transient Receptor Potential Channels. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2477-86. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Morgan
- University of Rostock, Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rayk Hübner
- University of Rostock, Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock, Germany
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- University of Rostock, Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Frech
- University of Rostock, Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock, Germany
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Nelson P, Ngoc Tran TD, Zhang H, Zolochevska O, Figueiredo M, Feng JM, Gutierrez DL, Xiao R, Yao S, Penn A, Yang LJ, Cheng H. Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 channel controls calcium signals and dental follicle stem cell differentiation. Stem Cells 2013; 31:167-77. [PMID: 23081848 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevations in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration are a phenomena commonly observed during stem cell differentiation but cease after the process is complete. The transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is an ion channel that controls Ca(2+) signals in excitable and nonexcitable cells. However, its role in stem cells remains unknown. The aim of this study was to characterize TRPM4 in rat dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) and to determine its impact on Ca(2+) signaling and the differentiation process. We identified TRPM4 gene expression in DFSCs, but not TRPM5, a closely related channel with similar function. Perfusion of cells with increasing buffered Ca(2+) resulted in a concentration-dependent activation of currents typical for TRPM4, which were also voltage-dependent and had Na(+) conductivity. Molecular suppression with shRNA decreased channel activity and cell proliferation during osteogenesis but not adipogenesis. As a result, enhanced mineralization and phosphatase enzyme activity were observed during osteoblast formation, although DFSCs failed to differentiate into adipocytes. Furthermore, the normal agonist-induced first and secondary phases of Ca(2+) signals were transformed into a gradual and sustained increase which confirmed the channels' ability to control Ca(2+) signaling. Using whole genome microarray analysis, we identified several genes impacted by TRPM4 during DFSC differentiation. These findings suggest an inhibitory role for TRPM4 on osteogenesis while it appears to be required for adipogenesis. The data also provide a potential link between the Ca(2+) signaling pattern and gene expression during stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piper Nelson
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Zhao W, Wang L, Han H, Jin K, Lin N, Guo T, Chen Y, Cheng H, Lu F, Fang W, Wang Y, Xing B, Zhang Z. 1B50-1, a mAb raised against recurrent tumor cells, targets liver tumor-initiating cells by binding to the calcium channel α2δ1 subunit. Cancer Cell 2013; 23:541-56. [PMID: 23597567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The identification and targeted therapy of cells involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence remain challenging. Here, we generated a monoclonal antibody against recurrent HCC, 1B50-1, that bound the isoform 5 of the α2δ1 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels and identified a subset of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) with stem cell-like properties. A surgical margin with cells detected by 1B50-1 predicted rapid recurrence. Furthermore, 1B50-1 had a therapeutic effect on HCC engraftments by eliminating TICs. Finally, α2δ1 knockdown reduced self-renewal and tumor formation capacities and induced apoptosis of TICs, whereas its overexpression led to enhanced sphere formation, which is regulated by calcium influx. Thus, α2δ1 is a functional liver TIC marker, and its inhibitors may serve as potential anti-HCC drugs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/immunology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
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39
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Single Mechanosensitive and Ca2+-Sensitive Channel Currents Recorded from Mouse and Human Embryonic Stem Cells. J Membr Biol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-012-9523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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40
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Ermakov A, Pells S, Freile P, Ganeva VV, Wildenhain J, Bradley M, Pawson A, Millar R, De Sousa PA. A role for intracellular calcium downstream of G-protein signaling in undifferentiated human embryonic stem cell culture. Stem Cell Res 2012; 9:171-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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41
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Leclerc C, Néant I, Moreau M. The calcium: an early signal that initiates the formation of the nervous system during embryogenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2012; 5:3. [PMID: 22593733 PMCID: PMC3351002 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2012.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling pathways have crucial roles in development from fertilization through differentiation to organogenesis. In the nervous system, Ca(2+) signals are important regulators for various neuronal functions, including formation and maturation of neuronal circuits and long-term memory. However, Ca(2+) signals are also involved in the earliest steps of neurogenesis including neural induction, differentiation of neural progenitors into neurons, and the neuro-glial switch. This review examines when and how Ca(2+) signals are generated during each of these steps with examples taken from in vivo studies in vertebrate embryos and from in vitro assays using embryonic and neural stem cells (NSCs). During the early phases of neurogenesis few investigations have been performed to study the downstream targets of Ca(2+) which posses EF-hand in their structure. This opens an entire field of research. We also discuss the highly specific nature of the Ca(2+) signaling pathway and its interaction with the other signaling pathways involved in early neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Leclerc
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, Université Toulouse III, CNRS UMR 5547Toulouse, France and GDRE n731, “Ca toolkit coded proteins as drug targets in animal and plant cells”
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Apáti Á, Pászty K, Erdei Z, Szebényi K, Homolya L, Sarkadi B. Calcium signaling in pluripotent stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 353:57-67. [PMID: 21945604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells represent a new source of biological material allowing the exploration of signaling phenomena during normal cell development and differentiation. Still, the calcium signaling pathways and intracellular calcium responses to various ligands or stress conditions have not been sufficiently explored as yet in embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells and in their differentiated offspring. This is partly due to the special culturing conditions of these cell types, the rapid morphological and functional changes in heterogeneous cell populations during early differentiation, and methodological problems in cellular calcium measurements. In this paper, we review the currently available data in the literature on calcium signaling in pluripotent stem cells and discuss the potential shortcomings of these studies. Various assay methods are surveyed for obtaining reliable data both in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells and in specific, stem cell-derived human tissues. In this paper, we present the modulation of calcium signaling in human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and in their derivates; mesenchymal stem cell like (MSCl) cells and cardiac tissues using the fluorescent calcium indicator Fluo-4 and confocal microscopy. LPA, trypsin and angiotensin II were effective in inducing calcium signals both in HUES9 and MSCl cells. Histamine and thrombin induced calcium signal exclusively in the MSCl cells, while ATP was effective only in HUES9 cells. There was no calcium signal evoked by GABA, even at relatively high concentrations. In stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes a rapid increase in the beating rate and an increase of the calcium signal peaks could be observed after the addition of adrenaline, while verapamil led to a strong decrease in cellular calcium and stopped spontaneous contractions in a relaxed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágota Apáti
- Membrane Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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43
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Wong CK, So WY, Law SK, Leung FP, Yau KL, Yao X, Huang Y, Li X, Tsang SY. Estrogen controls embryonic stem cell proliferation via store-operated calcium entry and the nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:2519-30. [PMID: 21898397 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can self-renew indefinitely and differentiate into all cell lineages. Calcium is a universal second messenger which regulates a number of cellular pathways. Previous studies showed that store-operated calcium channels (SOCCs) but not voltage-operated calcium channels are present in mouse ESCs (mESCs). In this study, store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) was found to exist in mESCs using confocal microscopy. SOCC blockers lanthanum, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and SKF-96365 reduced mESC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that SOCE is important for ESC proliferation. Pluripotent markers, Sox-2, Klf-4, and Nanog, were down-regulated by 2-APB, suggesting that self-renewal property of mESCs relies on SOCE. 17β-estradiol (E2) enhanced mESC proliferation. This enhanced proliferation was associated with an increment of SOCE. Both stimulated proliferation and increased SOCE could be reversed by SOCC blockers suggesting that E2 mediates its stimulatory effect on proliferation via enhancing SOCE. Also, cyclosporin A and INCA-6, inhibitors of calcineurin [phosphatase that de-phosphorylates and activates nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT)], reversed the proliferative effect of E2, indicating that NFAT is involved in E2-stimulated proliferation. Interestingly, E2 caused the nuclear translocation of NFATc4, and this could be reversed by 2-APB. These results suggested that NFATc4 is the downstream target of E2-induced SOCE. The present investigation provides the first line of evidence that SOCE and NFAT are crucial for ESCs to maintain their unique characteristics. In addition, the present investigation also provides novel information on the mechanisms of how E2, an important female sex hormone, affects ESC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kit Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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44
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Hong S, Pan Q, Lee LP. Single-cell level co-culture platform for intercellular communication. Integr Biol (Camb) 2012; 4:374-80. [PMID: 22434268 DOI: 10.1039/c2ib00166g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cell in vivo is part of a large, networked community. An individual cell's fate is strongly influenced by its interactions with neighbouring cells. While this interaction has been recognized as critical in determining cell behaviour, its complexity and heterogeneity has thus far defied characterization by currently available techniques. Herein, we present a single-cell level co-culture platform for studies of dynamic cellular interactions, which is capable of maintaining and tracking single-cell pair interactions to simplify the complexity of intercellular communication. In this platform, heterotypic pairing on a single-cell level is achieved through sequential cell trapping and dynamic variation of fluidic resistance. Individual culture chambers provide trapped cells enough space to migrate and proliferate through multiple generations. Furthermore, the semi-isolated chambers, combined with continuously refreshed medium supplement, allow a stable communication environment around the cells. To demonstrate the platform capability, we cultured and tracked stem cell-fibroblast pairs for several generations. The subsequent effects of cell-cell interactions were then easily observed, due to the addressability of each isolated chamber, and quantitatively characterized. Specifically, we found that paired cells' migration patterns were dependent on their initial distance from each other, and that heterotypic pairing led to distinct proliferation patterns from homotypic, single-cell culture. This study demonstrates the platform utility in providing a detailed and quantitative understanding of the complexity of cellular communication and its effects on cell behaviour in a variety of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soongweon Hong
- Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center, Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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45
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Thompson BA, Storm MP, Hewinson J, Hogg S, Welham MJ, MacKenzie AB. A novel role for P2X7 receptor signalling in the survival of mouse embryonic stem cells. Cell Signal 2012; 24:770-8. [PMID: 22120528 PMCID: PMC3271386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The growth of a pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cell population is dependent on cell survival, proliferation and self-renewal. The nucleotide ATP represents an important extracellular signalling molecule that regulates the survival of differentiated cells, however, its role is largely undefined in embryonic stem cells. Here we report a role for ATP-gated P2X7 receptors in ES cell survival. The functional expression of P2X7 receptors in undifferentiated mouse ES cells is demonstrated using a selective P2X7 antagonist and small interfering RNA knockdown of these receptors. Our data illustrate a key role for the P2X7 receptor as an essential pro-survival signal required for optimal ES cell colony growth in the presence of leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF). However, chronic exposure to exogenous ATP leads to rapid P2X7-dependent cell death via necrosis. Together, these data demonstrate a novel role for P2X7 receptors in regulation of ES cell behaviour where they can mediate either a pro-survival or pro-death signal depending on the mode of activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael P. Storm
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - James Hewinson
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Hogg
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Melanie J. Welham
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Amanda B. MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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46
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Li S, Hao B, Lu Y, Yu P, Lee HC, Yue J. Intracellular alkalinization induces cytosolic Ca2+ increases by inhibiting sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). PLoS One 2012; 7:e31905. [PMID: 22384096 PMCID: PMC3288054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular pH (pHi) and Ca(2+) regulate essentially all aspects of cellular activities. Their inter-relationship has not been mechanistically explored. In this study, we used bases and acetic acid to manipulate the pHi. We found that transient pHi rise induced by both organic and inorganic bases, but not acidification induced by acid, produced elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+). The sources of the Ca(2+) increase are from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) pools as well as from Ca(2+) influx. The store-mobilization component of the Ca(2+) increase induced by the pHi rise was not sensitive to antagonists for either IP(3)-receptors or ryanodine receptors, but was due to inhibition of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA), leading to depletion of the ER Ca(2+) store. We further showed that the physiological consequence of depletion of the ER Ca(2+) store by pHi rise is the activation of store-operated channels (SOCs) of Orai1 and Stim1, leading to increased Ca(2+) influx. Taken together, our results indicate that intracellular alkalinization inhibits SERCA activity, similar to thapsigargin, thereby resulting in Ca(2+) leak from ER pools followed by Ca(2+) influx via SOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jianbo Yue
- Department of Physiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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47
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Sun Y, Chen CS, Fu J. Forcing stem cells to behave: a biophysical perspective of the cellular microenvironment. Annu Rev Biophys 2012; 41:519-42. [PMID: 22404680 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-042910-155306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Physical factors in the local cellular microenvironment, including cell shape and geometry, matrix mechanics, external mechanical forces, and nanotopographical features of the extracellular matrix, can all have strong influences on regulating stem cell fate. Stem cells sense and respond to these insoluble biophysical signals through integrin-mediated adhesions and the force balance between intracellular cytoskeletal contractility and the resistant forces originated from the extracellular matrix. Importantly, these mechanotransduction processes can couple with many other potent growth-factor-mediated signaling pathways to regulate stem cell fate. Different bioengineering tools and microscale/nanoscale devices have been successfully developed to engineer the physical aspects of the cellular microenvironment for stem cells, and these tools and devices have proven extremely powerful for identifying the extrinsic physical factors and their downstream intracellular signaling pathways that control stem cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Sun
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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48
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Functional metabotropic glutamate receptors 1 and 5 are expressed in murine podocytes. Kidney Int 2011; 81:458-68. [PMID: 22166849 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In non-neuronal cells, glutamate is an extracellular signaling mediator. Since podocytes have glutamate-containing vesicles, we sought to determine glutamate receptor presence and action in glomerular cells. The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) 1, 5, 6, and 8 were found to be expressed in mouse brain and glomeruli; predominantly in podocytes. In two models of proteinuria (BalB/C mice with puromycin aminonucleoside- and doxorubicin-induced podocyte injury) we found that the selective mGluR1/5 agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) attenuated albuminuria and improved the expression of the podocyte marker WT-1. TUNEL staining showed that the number of podocytes undergoing apoptosis was inversely correlated with the number of WT-1-positive cells in glomeruli. When podocytes were treated with DHPG in vitro, they generated cyclic AMP and activated CREB (cyclic AMP response element binding protein). The selective mGluR1/5 antagonist (RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid, the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536, and RNA interference knockdown of mGluR1 or mGluR5 all prevented DHPG-induced cAMP generation and CREB activation. DHPG inhibited apoptosis and the decrease of aminonucleoside-induced mitochondrial membrane potential in podocytes but had no effect in the presence of SQ22536 with knockdown mGluR1 or mGluR5. Thus, functional mGluR1 and mGluR5 are expressed in podocytes and their activation protects against albuminuria and podocyte apoptosis, processes that are, at least in part, dependent on cAMP.
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49
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Rodríguez-Gómez JA, Levitsky KL, López-Barneo J. T-type Ca2+ channels in mouse embryonic stem cells: modulation during cell cycle and contribution to self-renewal. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 302:C494-504. [PMID: 22049210 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00267.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels participate in cell homeostasis and are involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation in several cell types; however, their presence and function in embryonic stem (ES) cells are poorly studied. We have investigated the existence of voltage-dependent inward currents in mouse ES cells and their ability to modulate proliferation and self-renewal. Patch-clamped ES cells had inactivating tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive Na(+) currents as well as transient Ca(2+) currents abolished by the external application of Ni(2+). Biophysical and pharmacological data indicated that the Ca(2+) current is predominantly mediated by T-type (Ca(v)3.2) channels. The number of cells expressing T-type channels and Ca(v)3.2 mRNA levels increased at the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. TTX had no effect on ES cell proliferation. However, blockade of T-type Ca(2+) currents with Ni(2+) induced a decrease in proliferation and alkaline phosphatase positive colonies as well as reduced expression of Oct3/4 and Nanog, all indicative of loss in self-renewal capacity. Decreased alkaline phosphatase and Oct3/4 expression were also observed in cells subjected to small interfering RNA-induced knockdown for T-type (Ca(v)3.2) Ca(2+) channels, thus partially recapitulating the pharmacological effects on self-renewal. These results indicate that Ca(v)3.2 channel expression in ES cells is modulated along the cell cycle being induced at late G1 phase. They also suggest that these channels are involved in the maintenance of the undifferentiated state of mouse ES cells. We propose that Ca(2+) entry mediated by Ca(v)3.2 channels might be one of the intracellular signals that participate in the complex network responsible for ES cell self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Rodríguez-Gómez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Campus Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain
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50
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Leclerc C, Néant I, Moreau M. Early neural development in vertebrates is also a matter of calcium. Biochimie 2011; 93:2102-11. [PMID: 21742011 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling pathways have crucial roles in development from fertilization through differentiation to organogenesis. In the nervous system, Ca(2+) signals are important regulators for various neuronal functions, including formation and maturation of neuronal circuits and long-term memory. However, Ca(2+) signals are mainly involved in the earliest steps of nervous system development including neural induction, differentiation of neural progenitors into neurons, and the neuro-glial switch. This review examines when and how Ca(2+) signals are generated during each of these steps with examples taken from in vivo studies in vertebrate embryos and from in vitro assays using embryonic and neural stem cells. Also discussed is the highly specific nature of the Ca(2+) signaling pathway and its interaction with the other signaling pathways involved in early neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Leclerc
- Centre de Biologie du Développement, UMR CNRS 5547 and GDR 2688, Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse, France.
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