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Chen Y, Xie X, Guo Y, Li Y, Geng C, Li X, Wang C. Somatostatin alleviates diversion colitis after fecal-stream bypass colostomy surgeries in rats. J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 28:259-266. [PMID: 38445918 DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diversion colitis (DC) is a prevalent complication of colostomy characterized by intestinal inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of somatostatin (SST) in managing DC. METHODS After establishing a rat DC model, SST was administered via Mini Osmotic Pumps 2001W at a pumping rate of 1.0 μL/h. Various techniques, including hematoxylin and eosin staining, periodic acid-Schiff staining, immunofluorescence staining, and electron microscopy were employed to assess the effects of SST. Intestinal barrier functions were evaluated using Evans blue, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and MacConkey agar. RESULTS After SST treatment, the significant weight loss and associated high mortality in the DC group were successfully mitigated. Upregulation of claudin-3 and claudin-4 restored mechanical barriers in colon epithelial tissue, whereas protection of goblet cells and stimulation of mucus secretion enhanced mucus barriers. SST effectively reduced leaky gut and alleviated systemic inflammation. CONCLUSION This study provides initial evidence supporting the efficacy of SST in the treatment of DC. It offers insights into the role of SST in DC by elucidating its ability to restore damaged intestinal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyu Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; Center of Pancreatitis, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Okamoto E, Matsuda S, Yoshino Y, Morikawa Y, Suenami K, Tabuchi Y, Matsunaga T, Hayashi H, Ikari A. Increase in Paracellular Leakage of Amino Acids Mediated by Aging-Induced Reduction of Claudin-4 Expression. J Nutr 2023; 153:3360-3372. [PMID: 37806357 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudins (CLDNs), major components of tight junctions, control paracellular permeabilities of mineral ions and wastes. The absorption of nutrients including glucose and amino acids (AAs) is regulated by intestinal epithelial cells. However, the role of CLDNs is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of AA deprivation on the expression of AA transporters and CLDNs, as well as the role of CLDNs in the regulation of paracellular AA fluxes. METHODS The messenger RNA and protein expression of various CLDNs were examined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses, respectively. The AA selectivity of CLDNs was estimated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. RESULTS The expression levels of some AA transporters, CLDN4, and CLDN15 were increased by AA deprivation in normal mouse colon-derived MCE301 cells. The expression of AA transporters and CLDN15 in the mouse colon was positively correlated with aging but the expression of CLDN4 was not. The AA deprivation-induced elevation of CLDN4 expression was inhibited by MHY1485, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activator. Furthermore, CLDN4 expression was increased by rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor. mTOR may be involved in the transcriptional activation of CLDN4. The fluxes of AAs from the basal to apical compartments were decreased and increased by CLDN4 overexpression and silencing, respectively. LC-MS analysis showed that the fluxes of all AAs, especially Lys, His, and Arg, were enhanced by CLDN4 silencing. CONCLUSIONS CLDN4 is suggested to form a paracellular barrier to AAs, especially alkaline AAs, which is attenuated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ema Okamoto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Matsuda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Morikawa
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police Headquarters, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koichi Suenami
- Forensic Science Laboratory, Gifu Prefectural Police Headquarters, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | | | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.
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Sahu B, Johnson LM, Sohrabi M, Usatii AA, Craig RMJ, Kaelberer JB, Chandrasekaran SP, Kaur H, Nookala S, Combs CK. Effects of Probiotics on Colitis-Induced Exacerbation of Alzheimer's Disease in AppNL-G-F Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11551. [PMID: 37511312 PMCID: PMC10381012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and is a leading cause of death in the United States. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the progression of AD, and several recent studies suggest that peripheral immune dysfunction may influence the disease. Continuing evidence indicates that intestinal dysbiosis is an attribute of AD, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been shown to aggravate cognitive impairment. Previously, we separately demonstrated that an IBD-like condition exacerbates AD-related changes in the brains of the AppNL-G-F mouse model of AD, while probiotic intervention has an attenuating effect. In this study, we investigated the combination of a dietary probiotic and an IBD-like condition for effects on the brains of mice. Male C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and AppNL-G-F mice were randomly divided into four groups: vehicle control, oral probiotic, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and DSS given with probiotics. As anticipated, probiotic treatment attenuated the DSS-induced colitis disease activity index in WT and AppNL-G-F mice. Although probiotic feeding significantly attenuated the DSS-mediated increase in WT colonic lipocalin levels, it was less protective in the AppNL-G-F DSS-treated group. In parallel with the intestinal changes, combined probiotic and DSS treatment increased microglial, neutrophil elastase, and 5hmC immunoreactivity while decreasing c-Fos staining compared to DSS treatment alone in the brains of WT mice. Although less abundant, probiotic combined with DSS treatment demonstrated a few similar changes in AppNL-G-F brains with increased microglial and decreased c-Fos immunoreactivity in addition to a slight increase in Aβ plaque staining. Both probiotic and DSS treatment also altered the levels of several cytokines in WT and AppNL-G-F brains, with a unique increase in the levels of TNFα and IL-2 being observed in only AppNL-G-F mice following combined DSS and probiotic treatment. Our data indicate that, while dietary probiotic intervention provides protection against the colitis-like condition, it also influences numerous glial, cytokine, and neuronal changes in the brain that may regulate brain function and the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijayani Sahu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (B.S.); (L.M.J.); (M.S.); (A.A.U.); (R.M.J.C.); (J.B.K.); (S.P.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Lauren M. Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (B.S.); (L.M.J.); (M.S.); (A.A.U.); (R.M.J.C.); (J.B.K.); (S.P.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Mona Sohrabi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (B.S.); (L.M.J.); (M.S.); (A.A.U.); (R.M.J.C.); (J.B.K.); (S.P.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Anastasia A. Usatii
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (B.S.); (L.M.J.); (M.S.); (A.A.U.); (R.M.J.C.); (J.B.K.); (S.P.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Rachel M. J. Craig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (B.S.); (L.M.J.); (M.S.); (A.A.U.); (R.M.J.C.); (J.B.K.); (S.P.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Joshua B. Kaelberer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (B.S.); (L.M.J.); (M.S.); (A.A.U.); (R.M.J.C.); (J.B.K.); (S.P.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Sathiya Priya Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (B.S.); (L.M.J.); (M.S.); (A.A.U.); (R.M.J.C.); (J.B.K.); (S.P.C.); (S.N.)
| | | | - Suba Nookala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (B.S.); (L.M.J.); (M.S.); (A.A.U.); (R.M.J.C.); (J.B.K.); (S.P.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Colin K. Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA; (B.S.); (L.M.J.); (M.S.); (A.A.U.); (R.M.J.C.); (J.B.K.); (S.P.C.); (S.N.)
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Xie X, Geng C, Li X, Liao J, Li Y, Guo Y, Wang C. Roles of gastrointestinal polypeptides in intestinal barrier regulation. Peptides 2022; 151:170753. [PMID: 35114316 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is a dynamic entity that is organized as a multilayer system and includes various intracellular and extracellular elements. The gut barrier functions in a coordinated manner to impede the passage of antigens, toxins, and microbiome components and simultaneously preserves the balanced development of the epithelial barrier and the immune system and the acquisition of tolerance to dietary antigens and intestinal pathogens.Numerous scientific studies have shown a significant association between gut barrier damage and gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease and hepatic fibrosis. Various internal and external factors regulate the intestinal barrier. Gastrointestinal peptides originate from enteroendocrine cells in the luminal digestive tract and are critical gut barrier regulators. Recent studies have demonstrated that gastrointestinal peptides have a therapeutic effect on digestive tract diseases, enhancing epithelial barrier activity and restoring the gut barrier. This review demonstrates the roles and mechanisms of gastrointestinal polypeptides, especially somatostatin (SST) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), in intestinal barrier regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Digestive Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liao
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanni Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaoyu Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Craig CF, Filippone RT, Stavely R, Bornstein JC, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Neuroinflammation as an etiological trigger for depression comorbid with inflammatory bowel disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:4. [PMID: 34983592 PMCID: PMC8729103 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer from depression at higher rates than the general population. An etiological trigger of depressive symptoms is theorised to be inflammation within the central nervous system. It is believed that heightened intestinal inflammation and dysfunction of the enteric nervous system (ENS) contribute to impaired intestinal permeability, which facilitates the translocation of intestinal enterotoxins into the blood circulation. Consequently, these may compromise the immunological and physiological functioning of distant non-intestinal tissues such as the brain. In vivo models of colitis provide evidence of increased blood–brain barrier permeability and enhanced central nervous system (CNS) immune activity triggered by intestinal enterotoxins and blood-borne inflammatory mediators. Understanding the immunological, physiological, and structural changes associated with IBD and neuroinflammation may aid in the development of more tailored and suitable pharmaceutical treatment for IBD-associated depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin F Craig
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhiannon T Filippone
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Heath and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Level 4 Research Labs, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia.
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Ma J, Chen J, Louro B, Martins RS, Canario AV. Somatostatin 3 loss of function impairs the innate immune response to intestinal inflammation. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li Y, Li X, Geng C, Guo Y, Wang C. Somatostatin receptor 5 is critical for protecting intestinal barrier function in vivo and in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111390. [PMID: 34224803 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) is involved in intestinal barrier protection during colitis through modulating tight junction (TJ) proteins, but the mechanisms of SSTR5 in TJ regulation are largely unknown. Therefore, the present study was designed to illuminate how SSTR5 modulated intestinal barrier function and TJ proteins. In this study, activation of SSTR5 by its special agonist L817,818 effectively ameliorated impaired intestinal barrier function in TNF-α-pretreated cells and mice with colitis. Restoration of intestinal barrier function was dependent on upregulation of claudin-4 and ZO-1. Suppression of SSTR5 signaling through specific siRNA or the antagonist BIM23056 markedly exacerbated TNF-α-induced claudin-4 and ZO-1 damage. L817,818 treatment markedly suppressed TNF-α-induced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) upregulation and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Exposure to a NF-κB inhibitor (QNZ) or MLCK inhibitor (ML-7) effectively inhibited compromised claudin-4 and ZO-1 induced by BIM23056/TNF-α. These observations indicate that activation of SSTR5 protects intestinal barrier function by upregulating claudin-4 and ZO-1 expression, which is mediated by NF-κB-MLCK-MLC signaling. Taken together, our findings suggest that SSTR5 might represent a promising target for colitis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaoyu Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Xiu MX, Liu YM, Chen GY, Hu C, Kuang BH. Identifying Hub Genes, Key Pathways and Immune Cell Infiltration Characteristics in Pediatric and Adult Ulcerative Colitis by Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3002-3014. [PMID: 32974809 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the present study, we investigated the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), pathways and immune cell infiltration characteristics of pediatric and adult ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS We conducted DEG analysis using the microarray dataset GSE87473 containing 19 pediatric and 87 adult UC samples downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were conducted using Metascape. We constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the drug-target interaction network of DEGs and identified hub modules and genes using Cytoscape and analyzed immune cell infiltration in pediatric and adult UC using CIBERSORT. RESULTS In total, 1700 DEGs were screened from the dataset. These genes were enriched mainly in inter-cellular items relating to cell junctions, cell adhesion, actin cytoskeleton and transmembrane receptor signaling pathways and intra-cellular items relating to the splicing, metabolism and localization of RNA. CDC42, POLR2A, RAC1, PIK3R1, MAPK1 and SRC were identified as hub DEGs. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed higher proportions of naive B cells, resting memory T helper cells, regulatory T cells, monocytes, M0 macrophages and activated mast cells in pediatric UC, along with lower proportions of memory B cells, follicular helper T cells, γδ T cells, M2 macrophages, and activated dendritic cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that hub genes CDC42, POLR2A, RAC1, PIK3R1, MAPK1 and SRC and immune cells including B cells, T cells, monocytes, macrophages and mast cells play vital roles in the pathological differences between pediatric and adult UC and may serve as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xi Xiu
- Medical School of Nanchang University, 603 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuan-Meng Liu
- Medical School of Nanchang University, 603 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guang-Yuan Chen
- Medical School of Nanchang University, 603 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Medical School of Nanchang University, 603 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo-Hai Kuang
- Medical School of Nanchang University, 603 Bayi Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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He Y, Chen J, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wang L, Chen X, Molenaar AJ, Sun X. α-Chaconine Affects the Apoptosis, Mechanical Barrier Function, and Antioxidant Ability of Mouse Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:673774. [PMID: 34177990 PMCID: PMC8220139 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.673774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
α-Chaconine is the most abundant glycoalkaloid in potato and toxic to the animal digestive system, but the mechanisms underlying the toxicity are unclear. In this study, mouse small intestinal epithelial cells were incubated with α-chaconine at 0, 0.4, and 0.8 μg/mL for 24, 48, and 72 h to examine apoptosis, mechanical barrier function, and antioxidant ability of the cells using a cell metabolic activity assay, flow cytometry, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that α-chaconine significantly decreased cell proliferation rate, increased apoptosis rate, decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value, and increased alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, and there were interactions between α-chaconine concentration and incubation time. α-Chaconine significantly reduced the relative and mRNA expressions of genes coding tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, decreased total glutathione (T-GSH) content, reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) and the mRNA expressions of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and γ-GCS genes. In conclusion, α-chaconine disrupts the cell cycle, destroys the mechanical barrier and permeability of mucosal epithelium, inhibits cell proliferation, and accelerates cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
| | - Qiyue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
| | - Jialong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
| | - Lulai Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
| | - Adrian J. Molenaar
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Xuezhao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China
- Jilin Inter-Regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin City, China
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Liu DY, Lou WJ, Zhang DY, Sun SY. ROS Plays a Role in the Neonatal Rat Intestinal Barrier Damages Induced by Hyperoxia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8819195. [PMID: 33426071 PMCID: PMC7781695 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8819195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperoxia treats a subset of critical neonatal illnesses but induces intestinal damage in neonatal pups. In this process, the intestinal flora and mucosal epithelium might be altered by hyperoxia. So the changes of the intestinal flora and mucosal epithelium were studied. METHODS Neonatal rats were randomized into the model group that was exposed to hyperoxia and the control group that was maintained under normoxic conditions; then, intestinal lavage fluid and intestinal tissues were harvested. ELISA was used to detect D-lactic acid (D-LA), endotoxin (ET), diamine oxidase (DAO), intestinal fatty acid binding protein (i-FABP), liver-type fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) and cytokines in the intestinal lavage of neonatal rats during hyperoxia. The intestinal zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), occlusion protein (Occludin), and closure protein-4 (Claudin-4) of neonatal pups were detected by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and real-time Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) during hyperoxia. NCM460 cell survival rates were assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) during hyperoxia and administration of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The expression levels of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-4 in NCM460 cells were detected by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and RT-PCR during hyperoxia and NAC. RESULTS D-LA, ET, L-FABP, i-FABP, DAO, TNF-α, IL-10, and IFN-γ were significantly increased by hyperoxia, while ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-4 were clearly decreased in the hyperoxia group compared with the control group. NAC promoted cell survival, which was inhibited by hyperoxia. The cellular expression levels of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-4, which were lowered by hyperoxia, were increased by NAC. CONCLUSION Hyperoxia causes injury of the intestinal mucosa, and ROS plays a role in this intestinal damage during hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Y. Liu
- ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, SanHao Street #36, HePing District, ShenYang 110000, China
| | - W. J. Lou
- ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, SanHao Street #36, HePing District, ShenYang 110000, China
| | - D. Y. Zhang
- ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University Department of Gastroenterology and Medical Research Center, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Animal Models for Environmental and Metabolic Diseases, SanHao Street #36, HePing District, ShenYang 110000, China
| | - S. Y. Sun
- ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University Department of Gastroenterology, SanHao Street #36, HePing District, ShenYang 110000, China
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Protective Role of Somatostatin in Sepsis-Induced Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction through Inhibiting the Activation of NF- κB Pathway. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:2549486. [PMID: 33376482 PMCID: PMC7746440 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2549486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) has a protective role in intestinal injury, inflammatory response, and intestinal mucosal barrier in rats with acute pancreatitis. However, its function in sepsis-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction remains largely unknown. A mouse sepsis model was constructed, and SST was injected into the tail vein. Then, hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) was used to detect the intestinal barrier dysfunction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of tumor necrosis factor α- (TNF-) α, interleukin- (IL-) 6, and interleukin- (IL-) 10 in the ileum. Expressions of tight junction proteins, zonula occludens- (ZO-) 1 and Claudin-1, and NF-κB p65 in the ileum were detected using western blot and immunohistochemistry as needed. Furthermore, JSH-23 as an inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway was injected into sepsis mice with SST or not. Mice with sepsis showed an obvious intestinal barrier dysfunction with decreasing specific somatostatin receptor subtype (SSTRs), and increasing TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 in the ileum. SST could relieve the injury, the decrease of SSTRs, and the increase of TNF-α and IL-6 induced by sepsis and also further enhanced the expression of IL-10. Further analysis showed that ZO-1 and Claudin-1 were reduced in the ileum by sepsis but enhanced by SST. NF-κB p65 was promoted in the ileum by sepsis but inhibited by SST. Further experiments confirmed that NF-κB inhibitor JSH-23 could repair the intestinal barrier dysfunction and enhance the protective effect of SST on the intestinal barrier. SST, with a protective effect on intestinal barrier dysfunction through suppression of NF-κB, could be a potential therapeutic drug for sepsis-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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Huang YY, Li J, Zhang HR, Bai SW, Yang HY, Shen B, Du J, Xia XM. The effect of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 on the intestinal epithelial barrier and human colonic cells was affected by tyrosine-phosphorylated claudin-7. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 122:109697. [PMID: 31918271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPV4 is a type of nonselective cation channel, and activation of TRPV4 in the gastrointestinal tract causes experimental colitis in mice. A previous study found that tyrosine-phosphorylated claudin-7 is increased in experimental colitis. The relationship between tyrosine-phosphorylated claudin-7 and TRPV4 remains undefined. In the present study, we developed a claudin-7 mutant by replacing tyrosine with glutamic acid at position 210, named cld7-Y210E colonic cells. We found that activation of TRPV4 by GSK1016790A increased the permeability of control colonic cell monolayers, which was decreased by the TRPV4 antagonist HC067047. In monolayers of cld7-Y210E colonic cells, no differences in permeability were found between GSK1016790A and HC067047 treatments. GSK1016790A increased the aggregation of claudin-7 at the cell membrane in control colonic cells, and the effect was diminished by HC067047. In cld7-Y210E colonic cells, neither GSK1016790A nor HC067047 apparently changed the aggregation of claudin-7. Neither GSK1016790A nor HC067047 altered the TRPV4 protein level in vector colonic cells. In cld7-wild colonic cells, GSK1016790A did not alter the TRPV4 protein level, while HC067047 increased the TRPV4 protein level. The TRPV4 protein level was increased in cld7-Y210E colonic cells, decreased by GSK1016790A and further decreased by HC067047. Calcium influx was not significantly changed in the control colonic cells treated with GSK1016790A. However, GSK1016790A significantly increased calcium influx in cld7-Y210E colonic cells. We concluded that tyrosine-phosphorylated claudin-7 affects the TRPV4-modulated intestinal epithelial barrier, TRPV4-mediated calcium influx, and the protein expression of TRPV4 in human colonic cells. We suggest that tyrosine-phosphorylated claudin-7 affects the TRPV4-modulated intestinal epithelial barrier, which might be related to TRPV4 expression and TRPV4-mediated calcium influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Danyang People's Hospital, Danyang, 212300, Jiangsu, China
| | - He-Rui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Su-Wen Bai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Hui-Yun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei 230051, Anhui, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Xian-Ming Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.
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Song S, Li X, Geng C, Li Y, Wang C. Somatostatin stimulates colonic MUC2 expression through SSTR5-Notch-Hes1 signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:1070-1076. [PMID: 31733832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Colonic mucus barrier is regarded as the first defense line against bacteria and antigens from directly attaching to the epithelium, which would further lead to intestinal inflammation activation and pathological conditions. As MUC2 mucin is the predominant component of the mucus, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of MUC2 is important for mucus barrier protection. Somatostatin (SST) has been found to play a role in colon protection through various manners. However, whether SST involves in colonic mucus barrier regulation is still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of SST on colonic MUC2 expression and mucus secretion. In vivo study, exogenous somatostatin (octreotide) administration effectively stimulated mice colonic MUC2 expression and mucus secretion. In human goblet-like cell LS174T cells, SST exposure also significantly stimulated MUC2 expression and mucus secretion. Further studies indicated that SST receptor 5 (SSTR5) was significantly activated by SST, whereas specific SSTR5 siRNA transfection of LS174T cells significantly blocked SST-induced increase in MUC2 expression and mucus secretion. In addition, SSTR5 agonist L817,818 also upregulated MUC2 expression and mucus secretion in LS174T cells. Mechanistic studies further demonstrated that SST/SSTR5-mediated MUC2 upregulation was dependent on Notch-Hes1 pathway suppression by detecting notch intracellular domain (NICD) and Hes1 proteins. Taken together, our findings suggested that SST could participate in colonic mucus barrier regulation through SSTR5-Notch-Hes1-MUC2 signaling pathway. These findings provide a deep insight into the role of SST on colonic mucus regulation under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailing Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Division of Digestive Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanni Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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